Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.4
S. Salehi-Lisar, Somayeh Deljoo
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic processes. PAHs can negatively affect different aspects of plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms of PAHs effects and physiological response of plants to PAHs have not been adequately studied. Accordingly, the aim of this study was evaluation of the germination, growth and physiological responses of wheat, sunflower and alfalfa to phenanthrene toxicity. Material and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a pot culture of plants using a completely randomised design (CRD) with four replications. Plants were cultivated in soil containing 50 and 100 mg kg1 of phenanthrene for 14 days under greenhouse conditions. All biochemical assays were performed spectrophotometrically after the determination of growth parameters. Results: Soil contamination with phenanthrene differently decreased seed germination and the subsequent seedling growth of plants. Alfalfa showed the highest resistance at both the seed germination and seedling growth phases. Wheat and sunflower were the most sensitive species at the seed germination stage and seedling growth phase, respectively. Phenanthrene contamination induced oxidative stress in plants and POD was determined to be the important enzyme involved in ROS detoxification. Conclusions: Phenanthrene effects on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological parameters of plants are species-dependent. The induction of oxidative stress and decrease in photosynthetic pigments content are two of the reasons for lower plant growth in phenanthrenecontaminated soil, and POD was an important enzyme in the detoxification of ROS. At least in some species, the higher resistance at seed germination could be followed by the higher resistance of seedlings to PAHs.
{"title":"Physiological effect of phenanthrene on Triticum aestivum, He Ha nth us annus and Medicago sativa","authors":"S. Salehi-Lisar, Somayeh Deljoo","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants released into the environment by both natural and anthropogenic processes. PAHs can negatively affect different aspects of plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms of PAHs effects and physiological response of plants to PAHs have not been adequately studied. Accordingly, the aim of this study was evaluation of the germination, growth and physiological responses of wheat, sunflower and alfalfa to phenanthrene toxicity. \u0000Material and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a pot culture of plants using a completely randomised design (CRD) with four replications. Plants were cultivated in soil containing 50 and 100 mg kg1 of phenanthrene for 14 days under greenhouse conditions. All biochemical assays were performed spectrophotometrically after the determination of growth parameters. \u0000Results: Soil contamination with phenanthrene differently decreased seed germination and the subsequent seedling growth of plants. Alfalfa showed the highest resistance at both the seed germination and seedling growth phases. Wheat and sunflower were the most sensitive species at the seed germination stage and seedling growth phase, respectively. Phenanthrene contamination induced oxidative stress in plants and POD was determined to be the important enzyme involved in ROS detoxification. \u0000Conclusions: Phenanthrene effects on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological parameters of plants are species-dependent. The induction of oxidative stress and decrease in photosynthetic pigments content are two of the reasons for lower plant growth in phenanthrenecontaminated soil, and POD was an important enzyme in the detoxification of ROS. At least in some species, the higher resistance at seed germination could be followed by the higher resistance of seedlings to PAHs.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.6
Hilal Surmuş Asan, H. Özen, A. Onay, N. Asan
Background: Due to the therapeutic importance of hypericin, a number of Hypericum species are being investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various BAP (6- benzylaminopurine) concentrations on seed germination, shoot proliferation, and total hypericin in a tissue culture of Hypericum scabroides which is endemic to the Eastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Material and Methods: Hypericum scabroides specimens were collected from Eastern Anatolia (Elazig, Turkey). The effects of various BAP concentrations (0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) on seed germination, shoot multiplication, and the accumulation of total hypericin were determined using tissue cultures of H. scabroides. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for germination and shoot cultures. Measurements of total hypericin were taken using a UV spectrophotometer. Results: The best germination rate (59.2%) was obtained using hormone-free MS medium (control group). Apical tips of freshly germinated seedlings were proliferated on the MS medium supplemented with various BAP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) and the control group (without BAP). The highest number of shoots (42.7 shoot/explant) and longest shoot length (2.50 cm) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP. Total hypericin was found in trace amounts and it was found that the total hypericin was not affected by the concentration of BAP. Conclusions: Our results showed that increasing concentrations of BAP stimulated shoot multiplication but did not affect seed germination rates or total hypericin in in vitro cultures of H. scabroides.
{"title":"Effect of BAP on total hypericin production in shoot cultures of Hypericum scabroides: An endemic species in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey","authors":"Hilal Surmuş Asan, H. Özen, A. Onay, N. Asan","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the therapeutic importance of hypericin, a number of Hypericum species are being investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various BAP (6- benzylaminopurine) concentrations on seed germination, shoot proliferation, and total hypericin in a tissue culture of Hypericum scabroides which is endemic to the Eastern Anatolia region, Turkey. \u0000Material and Methods: Hypericum scabroides specimens were collected from Eastern Anatolia (Elazig, Turkey). The effects of various BAP concentrations (0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) on seed germination, shoot multiplication, and the accumulation of total hypericin were determined using tissue cultures of H. scabroides. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for germination and shoot cultures. Measurements of total hypericin were taken using a UV spectrophotometer. \u0000Results: The best germination rate (59.2%) was obtained using hormone-free MS medium (control group). Apical tips of freshly germinated seedlings were proliferated on the MS medium supplemented with various BAP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) and the control group (without BAP). The highest number of shoots (42.7 shoot/explant) and longest shoot length (2.50 cm) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP. Total hypericin was found in trace amounts and it was found that the total hypericin was not affected by the concentration of BAP. \u0000Conclusions: Our results showed that increasing concentrations of BAP stimulated shoot multiplication but did not affect seed germination rates or total hypericin in in vitro cultures of H. scabroides.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.2
Banafsheh Taherinia, H. Kavousi, Sara Dehghan
Background: Leptochloa fusca is a halophyte plant which is highly tolerant to saline and sodic soils and water. Moreover, L fusca is an attractive model plant to study the mechanism of salt tolerance mainly due to its characteristics as a typical euhalophyte, having both accumulating and excreting salt properties. Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth, development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis resulting cellular toxicity. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane NaVH+ antiporter that plays an important role in imparting salt stress tolerance of plants. Material and Methods: Using conserved sequences of S O S 1 , the coding sequence of plasma membrane NaVH+ antiporter (SOS1) in kallar grass was partially isolated and its expression profile during salinity stress was investigated. Results: The aa (amino acid) sequence of the isolated region of /./SOS1 possesses the maximum identity up to 96% of its orthologue in Distichlis spicata. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that salinization was affected SOS1 transcript level positively. The expression of i./50S1 in leaves of kallar grass progressively increased under all salinity levels compared to control. Conclusions: The results suggest that i./SOS1 may play an essential role in the salt tolerance of L fusca and may be useful for improving salt tolerance in other crop species.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane Na7H+ antiporter (SOS1) gene during salinity stress in kallar grass {Leptochloa fusca)","authors":"Banafsheh Taherinia, H. Kavousi, Sara Dehghan","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leptochloa fusca is a halophyte plant which is highly tolerant to saline and sodic soils and water. Moreover, L fusca is an attractive model plant to study the mechanism of salt tolerance mainly due to its characteristics as a typical euhalophyte, having both accumulating and excreting salt properties. Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth, development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis resulting cellular toxicity. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane NaVH+ antiporter that plays an important role in imparting salt stress tolerance of plants. \u0000Material and Methods: Using conserved sequences of S O S 1 , the coding sequence of plasma membrane NaVH+ antiporter (SOS1) in kallar grass was partially isolated and its expression profile during salinity stress was investigated. \u0000Results: The aa (amino acid) sequence of the isolated region of /./SOS1 possesses the maximum identity up to 96% of its orthologue in Distichlis spicata. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that salinization was affected SOS1 transcript level positively. The expression of i./50S1 in leaves of kallar grass progressively increased under all salinity levels compared to control. \u0000Conclusions: The results suggest that i./SOS1 may play an essential role in the salt tolerance of L fusca and may be useful for improving salt tolerance in other crop species.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.8
K. Kanwal, H. Joshi
Background: This study focuses on the ethnoflora used by local communities in the Alaknanda river basin of Uttarakhand state in Western Himalaya, India. The objectives of the study were to collect ethnobotanical information, to assess the impact of hydropower projects on ethnoflora and to suggest conservation and management measures for the protection of ethnoflora. Material and Methods: A well-designed questionnaire based survey was conducted in the ten villages of the study area to collect ethnobotanical information. The conservation status of plants was also evaluated following the IUCN Red list, the Red Data Book of Indian Plants and the CITES criteria. Results: A total of 136 plant species belonging to 61 families and 112 genera were used by local communities for various ethnobotanical purposes. The majority of plant species were used for medicinal purposes (96 spp.), followed by fodder (46 spp.), wild edibles (31 spp.), fuel (29 spp.), timber (17 spp.), fish poison (9 spp.), agriculture implements (6 spp.), fibre (6 spp.), religious use (6 spp.) and handicraft (1 sp.). For the preparation of herbal medicine, rural people of the region use different parts of medicinal plants such as the whole plant (20%) followed by roots/rhizomes/tubers (20%), leaf (18%), fruit (10%), seed (9%), bark (9%), stem (6%), flowers (6%) and resin (2%). Conclusions: Development of hydropower projects will influence the diversity and distribution of ethnoflora in the region. Therefore, for the conservation of the ethnoflora of the area, conservation and management measures have been suggested.
{"title":"The impact of hydroelectric project development on the ethnobotany of the Alaknanda river basin of Western Himalaya, India","authors":"K. Kanwal, H. Joshi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focuses on the ethnoflora used by local communities in the Alaknanda river basin of Uttarakhand state in Western Himalaya, India. The objectives of the study were to collect ethnobotanical information, to assess the impact of hydropower projects on ethnoflora and to suggest conservation and management measures for the protection of ethnoflora. \u0000Material and Methods: A well-designed questionnaire based survey was conducted in the ten villages of the study area to collect ethnobotanical information. The conservation status of plants was also evaluated following the IUCN Red list, the Red Data Book of Indian Plants and the CITES criteria. \u0000Results: A total of 136 plant species belonging to 61 families and 112 genera were used by local communities for various ethnobotanical purposes. The majority of plant species were used for medicinal purposes (96 spp.), followed by fodder (46 spp.), wild edibles (31 spp.), fuel (29 spp.), \u0000timber (17 spp.), fish poison (9 spp.), agriculture implements (6 spp.), fibre (6 spp.), religious use (6 spp.) and handicraft (1 sp.). For the preparation of herbal medicine, rural people of the region use different parts of medicinal plants such as the whole plant (20%) followed by roots/rhizomes/tubers (20%), leaf (18%), fruit (10%), seed (9%), bark (9%), stem (6%), flowers (6%) and resin (2%). \u0000Conclusions: Development of hydropower projects will influence the diversity and distribution of ethnoflora in the region. Therefore, for the conservation of the ethnoflora of the area, conservation and management measures have been suggested.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.L
Nazenin Ahmetoğlu, F. Bekler, Ö. Acer, R. G. Guven, K. Güven
Background: Due to the importance of microbial proteases in biotechnological applications, a number of microorganisms are being explored. The production, purification and characterisation of extracellular metallo-proteases by producing Bacillus sp. KG5 was studied. Material and Methods: Bacterial strain KG5 was isolated from Kos (Bingol) hot spring. The strain KG5 was identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The effects of various parameters on protease production, such as time, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources and CaCU were studied. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel permeation chromatography. Molecular weight was calculated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymographic analysis. The effects of some metal ions, chelators and inhibitors on enzyme activity were determined. Results: The optimum temperature, pH and incubation period for protease production were 40-45°C, 7.0 and 24 h, respectively. It was determined that the best nitrogen sources were yeast extract and urea, while the best carbon sources were lactose and galactose. However, glucose as a source of carbon was found to inhibit the production of the enzyme. The maximum enzyme production was increased in the presence of CaCU. The molecular weight of purified enzyme was found to be approximately 48 kDa. It was found that the enzyme was fully stable in the presence of 2 mM CaCU at 50°C after 120 min. Purified protease was significantly activated by Ca2 + and Mg2 + , while it was greatly inhibited by Cu2 + , Zn2 + , Hg2 + and SDS as well as by the metal ion chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) and 1,10-phenanthroline. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) had a little effect on the enzyme. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential of this isolate for protease production and that this enzyme may be suitable for biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Production, purification and characterisation of thermostable metallo-protease from newly isolated Bacillus sp. KG5","authors":"Nazenin Ahmetoğlu, F. Bekler, Ö. Acer, R. G. Guven, K. Güven","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.L","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the importance of microbial proteases in biotechnological applications, a number of microorganisms are being explored. The production, purification and characterisation of extracellular metallo-proteases by producing Bacillus sp. KG5 was studied. \u0000Material and Methods: Bacterial strain KG5 was isolated from Kos (Bingol) hot spring. The strain KG5 was identified by morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The effects of various parameters on protease production, such as time, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources and CaCU were studied. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel permeation chromatography. Molecular weight was calculated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymographic analysis. The effects of some metal ions, chelators and inhibitors on enzyme activity were determined. \u0000Results: The optimum temperature, pH and incubation period for protease production were 40-45°C, 7.0 and 24 h, respectively. It was determined that the best nitrogen sources were yeast extract and urea, while the best carbon sources were lactose and galactose. However, glucose as a source of carbon was found to inhibit the production of the enzyme. The maximum enzyme production was increased in the presence of CaCU. The molecular weight of purified enzyme was found to be approximately 48 kDa. It was found that the enzyme was fully stable in the presence of 2 mM CaCU at 50°C after 120 min. Purified protease was significantly activated by Ca2 + and Mg2 + , while it was greatly inhibited by Cu2 + , Zn2 + , Hg2 + and SDS as well as by the metal ion chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) and 1,10-phenanthroline. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) had a little effect on the enzyme. \u0000Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential of this isolate for protease production and that this enzyme may be suitable for biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.6
M. S. Hossen, A.H.M. Mohsinul Rezaz, S. Rakhi, M. M. Rahman, Mohammad Azharul Alam, Z. Hossain
Background: The striped gourami, Trichogaster fasciata, is depleted due to loss of habitat and overfishing. The striped gourami has virtually disappeared from the areas where it was abundant, such as rivers, canals, haor, baor and beels. T. fasciata is nutritive, economically and ecologically very valuable. It is vital to assess its early developmental biology for fry production and suitable rearing technique to repopulate this species in the freshwater bodies. Material and Methods: Brood T. fasciata was collected from local wild source. The brood T. fasciata was reared with polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented diet for 3 months. T. fasciata was bred spontaneously. Fertilized eggs of T. fasciata were incubated in 2 mini circular bowl hatcheries (50 L capacity) with provision of continuous water supply and the embryonic and larval stages were recorded using a binocular microscope and a digital camera-equipped microscope. Results: The fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent, buoyant, non adhesives and brownish in colour, with an average diameter of 0.30-0.60 mm. First cleavage occurred within 25-30 min of postfertilization at 26±1°C. Hatching started at 22 h post-fertilization and completed within 24 h at the same temperature range. New hatchlings were 2.0-2.5 mm long devoid of mouth and pigmentation and started feeding within 48-60 h post-hatching. Depletion of the yolk-sac and development of the gills occurred on the second day of hatching. Conclusions: Therefore, the findings of the present study may help establishing the large scale seed production technique of T. fasciata.
{"title":"Observation of embryonic and early larval development of striped gourami, Trichogaster fasciata (Perciformes: Osphronemidae)","authors":"M. S. Hossen, A.H.M. Mohsinul Rezaz, S. Rakhi, M. M. Rahman, Mohammad Azharul Alam, Z. Hossain","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The striped gourami, Trichogaster fasciata, is depleted due to loss of habitat and overfishing. The striped gourami has virtually disappeared from the areas where it was abundant, such as rivers, canals, haor, baor and beels. T. fasciata is nutritive, economically and ecologically very valuable. It is vital to assess its early developmental biology for fry production and suitable rearing technique to repopulate this species in the freshwater bodies. \u0000Material and Methods: Brood T. fasciata was collected from local wild source. The brood T. fasciata was reared with polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented diet for 3 months. T. fasciata was bred spontaneously. Fertilized eggs of T. fasciata were incubated in 2 mini circular bowl hatcheries (50 L capacity) with provision of continuous water supply and the embryonic and larval stages were recorded using a binocular microscope and a digital camera-equipped microscope. \u0000Results: The fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent, buoyant, non adhesives and brownish in colour, with an average diameter of 0.30-0.60 mm. First cleavage occurred within 25-30 min of postfertilization at 26±1°C. Hatching started at 22 h post-fertilization and completed within 24 h at the same temperature range. New hatchlings were 2.0-2.5 mm long devoid of mouth and pigmentation and started feeding within 48-60 h post-hatching. Depletion of the yolk-sac and development of the gills occurred on the second day of hatching. \u0000Conclusions: Therefore, the findings of the present study may help establishing the large scale seed production technique of T. fasciata.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.7
M. J. Islam, A. Liza, A. Reza, M. Reza, M. N. A. Khan, M. Kamal
Background: Contamination with residues of banned carcinogenic antibiotic drugs like nitrofuran metabolites and chloramphenicol (CAP) in frozen shrimp products has become a major concern of food safety for exporting countries. In the present study an approach was taken to identify the sources of such harmful antibiotics in the shrimp value chain of Bangladesh, one of the major shrimp countries. Material and Methods: Inputs of farms and hatchery systems including feed, feed additives, feed ingredients and therapeutic agents were thought to be the sources of contagion. Fish and shrimp feed, feed ingredients, sediment and water samples of shrimp hatcheries and farms were, therefore, analyzed for 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 1-Amino-hydantoin (AHD), Semicarbazide (SEM) and chloramphenicol (CAP) to identify their source and entry pathways. About 500 g of each 160 feed and feed ingredients were collected in pyrogens free polyethylene sealed bag and transported to Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Whereas 500 mL of each 250 soils and water sample were collected from hatcheries. Sample preparation and residual metabolites analysis were conducted using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical assays on an Waters Alliance 2695 series HPLC and Quattro Micro, API mass spectrometer instrumentation (Waters Corporation, USA). Results: Among the analyzed 160 feed samples, 38 were found contaminated with CAP and/or nitrofuran metabolites (AMOZ, AOZ, A H D and SEM), where 11,10, 8, and 9 samples were for shrimp feed, fish feed, poultry feed and feed ingredients. Imported feed ingredients contained with protein concentrates of improper quality were found contaminate with higher level of SEM. Although hatcheries were found free from contamination, whereas sediment and water samples of many shrimp farms were found contaminated with high levels of SEM and CAP. Conclusions: It could be narrated that antibiotic contamination of shrimp products were the use of antibiotic contaminated feed and feed ingredients in the farms; use of poultry litter to fertilize ponds during mixed culture, because poultry were fed with antibiotic medicated feed from zero day of feeding and indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides at nearby agricultural farms.
{"title":"Source identification and entry pathways of banned antibiotics nitrofuran and chloramphenicol in shrimp value chain of Bangladesh","authors":"M. J. Islam, A. Liza, A. Reza, M. Reza, M. N. A. Khan, M. Kamal","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contamination with residues of banned carcinogenic antibiotic drugs like nitrofuran metabolites and chloramphenicol (CAP) in frozen shrimp products has become a major concern of food safety for exporting countries. In the present study an approach was taken to identify the \u0000sources of such harmful antibiotics in the shrimp value chain of Bangladesh, one of the major shrimp countries. \u0000Material and Methods: Inputs of farms and hatchery systems including feed, feed additives, feed ingredients and therapeutic agents were thought to be the sources of contagion. Fish and shrimp feed, feed ingredients, sediment and water samples of shrimp hatcheries and farms were, therefore, analyzed for 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 1-Amino-hydantoin (AHD), Semicarbazide (SEM) and chloramphenicol (CAP) to identify their source and entry pathways. About 500 g of each 160 feed and feed ingredients were collected in pyrogens free polyethylene sealed bag and transported to Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Whereas 500 mL of each 250 soils and water sample were collected from hatcheries. Sample preparation and residual metabolites analysis were conducted using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical assays on an Waters Alliance 2695 series HPLC and Quattro Micro, API mass spectrometer instrumentation (Waters Corporation, USA). \u0000Results: Among the analyzed 160 feed samples, 38 were found contaminated with CAP and/or nitrofuran metabolites (AMOZ, AOZ, A H D and SEM), where 11,10, 8, and 9 samples were for shrimp feed, fish feed, poultry feed and feed ingredients. Imported feed ingredients contained with protein concentrates of improper quality were found contaminate with higher level of SEM. Although hatcheries were found free from contamination, whereas sediment and water samples of many shrimp farms were found contaminated with high levels of SEM and CAP. \u0000Conclusions: It could be narrated that antibiotic contamination of shrimp products were the use of antibiotic contaminated feed and feed ingredients in the farms; use of poultry litter to fertilize ponds during mixed culture, because poultry were fed with antibiotic medicated feed from zero day \u0000of feeding and indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides at nearby agricultural farms.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/ejobios.2014.8.0.4
J. Jumawan, A. Herrera, Benjamin Vallejojr
Background: There is little information about the early development of this invasive fish species in order to understand its early life history and developmental strategies towards invasion. Material and Methods: Female Pterygoplichthys pardalis were induced to spawn using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) so as to study the developmental stages from fertilization until yolk resorption. Results: The females subjected to a single dose of HCG responded positively to treatment (97%) with higher fertilization success (88%) compared to the untreated females (21%). Nonetheless, the HCG-induced fertilized eggs had a low hatching success (49%), while from the free-living embryos successfully hatched, a high number (90%) survived to become juveniles. Embryonic development in P. pardalis was completed 168 h and 30 min after fertilization, with the total yolk resorption completed on the 8t h day post hatching, during which the suckermouth gradually shifted from rostral to ventral position to commence the loricariid algae-scraping feeding mode. Conclusions: Pterygoplichthys pardalis does not undergo a true larval metamorphosis between the free-living embryo and the juvenile stage and a definitive adult phenotype is developed directly. These results provided basic, yet essential information on the early developmental features of this invasive species whose spawning and early developmental strategies were difficult to observe in the field. Implications of some ontogenetic features in this species with regards to invasion are also discussed.
背景:为了了解这种入侵鱼类的早期生活史和对入侵的发育策略，目前关于其早期发育的信息很少。材料与方法:利用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)诱导雌性parygoplichthys pardalis产卵，研究其从受精到卵黄吸收的发育阶段。结果:接受单剂量HCG治疗的雌性对治疗有积极反应(97%)，受精成功率(88%)高于未接受治疗的雌性(21%)。尽管如此，hcg诱导的受精卵的孵化成功率很低(49%)，而从成功孵化的自由生活胚胎中，存活率很高(90%)。在受精后168 h 30 min完成胚胎发育，在孵化后第8天完成卵黄的完全吸收，在此期间吸吮口逐渐从吻侧移到腹侧，开始吸藻进食模式。结论:parygoplichthys pardalis在自由生活的胚胎和幼鱼阶段之间没有经历真正的幼虫蜕变，而是直接发育为确定的成虫表型。这些结果为这种在野外很难观察到的入侵物种的早期发育特征提供了基本而重要的信息。本文还讨论了该物种在入侵方面的一些个体发生特征的含义。
{"title":"Embryonic and larval development of the suckermouth sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys partialis from Marikina River, Philippines","authors":"J. Jumawan, A. Herrera, Benjamin Vallejojr","doi":"10.5053/ejobios.2014.8.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2014.8.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is little information about the early development of this invasive fish species in order to understand its early life history and developmental strategies towards invasion. \u0000Material and Methods: Female Pterygoplichthys pardalis were induced to spawn using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) so as to study the developmental stages from fertilization until yolk resorption. \u0000Results: The females subjected to a single dose of HCG responded positively to treatment (97%) with higher fertilization success (88%) compared to the untreated females (21%). Nonetheless, the HCG-induced fertilized eggs had a low hatching success (49%), while from the free-living embryos successfully hatched, a high number (90%) survived to become juveniles. Embryonic development in P. pardalis was completed 168 h and 30 min after fertilization, with the total yolk resorption completed on the 8t h day post hatching, during which the suckermouth gradually shifted from rostral to ventral position to commence the loricariid algae-scraping feeding mode. \u0000Conclusions: Pterygoplichthys pardalis does not undergo a true larval metamorphosis between the free-living embryo and the juvenile stage and a definitive adult phenotype is developed directly. These results provided basic, yet essential information on the early developmental features of this invasive species whose spawning and early developmental strategies were difficult to observe in the field. Implications of some ontogenetic features in this species with regards to invasion are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/ejobios.2014.8.0.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.2
M. Avci, Ç. Yamaner, M. Ayvaz, A. Yazgan-Karatas
Background: The GntR-type transcriptional factor LutR (formerly YvfI) behaves as a transition state regulator, governing adaptations of Bacillus subtilis cells to the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. Material and Methods: In this study, we evaluated a total of 30 LutR proteins from different bacterial species that were available in the NCBI database. By performing the physicochemical analyses, domain analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction, we identified some similarities and differences among these 30 LutR proteins. Furthermore, only the primer structure of Bacillus subtilis 168 LutR was compared with the sequences and 3D conformational situations of the well-known HTH-type transcriptional factors FadR (PDB ID: 1 HW1,1 HW2,1 HT9) and YvoA (PDB ID: 2WV0) using PyMOL. Results: These analyses revealed that the critical residues for DNA-recognition and DNA-binding of LutR are highly conserved and conformationally correspond to the same positions as those in FadR and YvoA. The sequence (15-SVQALAESF-23) of the second helix in LutR seems to be important for DNA-binding, while the Q17-R27-Q47 residues might be critical for DNA recognition. Here, we provide a detailed description of the similarities and differences between B. subtilis LutR and both the other LutR proteins from different bacterial species and other HTH-type transcriptional factors. Conclusions: These results provide a scientific groundworkbase and can be used for advanced in silico analysis, homology modelling, and in vitro studies, including DNA-protein interaction analysis, such as ChIP and EMSA methods.
{"title":"In silico characterization and comparative analysis of Bacillus subtilis GntR type LutR transcription factor","authors":"M. Avci, Ç. Yamaner, M. Ayvaz, A. Yazgan-Karatas","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The GntR-type transcriptional factor LutR (formerly YvfI) behaves as a transition state regulator, governing adaptations of Bacillus subtilis cells to the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. \u0000Material and Methods: In this study, we evaluated a total of 30 LutR proteins from different bacterial species that were available in the NCBI database. By performing the physicochemical analyses, domain analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction, we identified some similarities and differences among these 30 LutR proteins. Furthermore, only the primer structure of Bacillus subtilis 168 LutR was compared with the sequences and 3D conformational situations of the well-known \u0000HTH-type transcriptional factors FadR (PDB ID: 1 HW1,1 HW2,1 HT9) and YvoA (PDB ID: 2WV0) using PyMOL. \u0000Results: These analyses revealed that the critical residues for DNA-recognition and DNA-binding of LutR are highly conserved and conformationally correspond to the same positions as those in FadR and YvoA. The sequence (15-SVQALAESF-23) of the second helix in LutR seems to be important for DNA-binding, while the Q17-R27-Q47 residues might be critical for DNA recognition. Here, we provide a detailed description of the similarities and differences between B. subtilis LutR and both the other LutR proteins from different bacterial species and other HTH-type transcriptional factors. \u0000Conclusions: These results provide a scientific groundworkbase and can be used for advanced in silico analysis, homology modelling, and in vitro studies, including DNA-protein interaction analysis, such as ChIP and EMSA methods.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"12-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.3
N. Mishra, R. Tewari
Background: Low temperature affects the survival, growth and development of invertebrates, especially insects, based on the severity of cold and the duration of exposure. Although the effects of cold shock or direct chilling were previously analysed in terms of development patterns and defects, morphological changes, cold hardiness, cryopreservation and diapause in insects, very little information is available regarding the effects of cold shock at the chromosomal level. Material and Methods: Late third instar larvae of the house fly Musca domestica were exposed to low temperatures (10, 4, 0 and -5°C) for different durations, in order to assess genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the present study. The chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus test were used as genotoxic end points. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the mitotic index and the extent of tissue damage was observed using the Trypan blue staining method. Results: A significant (P Conclusions: The present work suggests that cold shock induces chromosome aberrations and cytotoxicity and affects the developmental pattern in house fly, M. domestica.
{"title":"Evaluation of cold shock-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the house fly Musca domestica","authors":"N. Mishra, R. Tewari","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low temperature affects the survival, growth and development of invertebrates, especially insects, based on the severity of cold and the duration of exposure. Although the effects of cold shock or direct chilling were previously analysed in terms of development patterns and defects, morphological changes, cold hardiness, cryopreservation and diapause in insects, very little information is available regarding the effects of cold shock at the chromosomal level. \u0000Material and Methods: Late third instar larvae of the house fly Musca domestica were exposed to low temperatures (10, 4, 0 and -5°C) for different durations, in order to assess genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the present study. The chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus test were used as genotoxic end points. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the mitotic index and the extent of tissue damage was observed using the Trypan blue staining method. \u0000Results: A significant (P \u0000Conclusions: The present work suggests that cold shock induces chromosome aberrations and cytotoxicity and affects the developmental pattern in house fly, M. domestica.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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