Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.6
M. Ayvaz, M. Avci, Ç. Yamaner, M. Koyuncu, Avni Guven, K. Fagerstedt
Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation and a sign of oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, determining the responses of plants to a particular type of stress at a particular time will shed a light on clarifying the stress status of the plants. In this study, we report how the MDA levels in potato cultivars changed with toxic concentrations of boron, an essential plant micronutrient. Material and Methods: Eight different potato {Solarium tuberosum) cultivars (cv. Konsul, cv. Morene, cv. Slaney, cv. Mona Lisa, cv. Jaerla, cv. Poroventa, cv. Yayla Kizi, and cv. Armada) were used as study material. Excess boron was applied for seven weeks in three concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 5 mM) to plants that were grown from tubers. Plants were harvested and a malondialdehyde content analyses was carried out using leaf tissues. Results: The MDA levels in cv. Mona Lisa and Yayla Kizi with excess boron steadily increased with increasing concentrations in all the groups, compared to the control group. In cv. Morene, the MDA decreased in the 0.5 mM boron application and increased in the 2.5 and 5 mM boron applications. In cv. Armada, cv. Slaney, cv. Konsul, and cv. Poroventa, the MDA levels fluctuated in the different groups of each cultivar. In cv. Jaerla, the MDA decreased in all groups with an increase in boron, compared to the control group. Conclusions: The MDA levels with excess boron showed an increase, fluctuation, and decrease in each group of the cultivars, compared to the control group. Therefore, the MDA levels in potato plants with excess boron might not be a clear sign to determine the level of stress. This is the first report of MDA levels in eight different potato cultivars subjected to three different excess boron concentrations.
{"title":"Does excess boron affect the malondialdehyde levels of potato cultivars","authors":"M. Ayvaz, M. Avci, Ç. Yamaner, M. Koyuncu, Avni Guven, K. Fagerstedt","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation and a sign of oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, determining the responses of plants to a particular type of stress at a particular time will shed a light on clarifying the stress status of the plants. In this study, we report how the MDA levels in potato cultivars changed with toxic concentrations of boron, an essential plant micronutrient. \u0000Material and Methods: Eight different potato {Solarium tuberosum) cultivars (cv. Konsul, cv. Morene, cv. Slaney, cv. Mona Lisa, cv. Jaerla, cv. Poroventa, cv. Yayla Kizi, and cv. Armada) were used as study material. Excess boron was applied for seven weeks in three concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 5 mM) to plants that were grown from tubers. Plants were harvested and a malondialdehyde content analyses was carried out using leaf tissues. \u0000Results: The MDA levels in cv. Mona Lisa and Yayla Kizi with excess boron steadily increased with increasing concentrations in all the groups, compared to the control group. In cv. Morene, the MDA decreased in the 0.5 mM boron application and increased in the 2.5 and 5 mM boron applications. In cv. Armada, cv. Slaney, cv. Konsul, and cv. Poroventa, the MDA levels fluctuated in the different groups of each cultivar. In cv. Jaerla, the MDA decreased in all groups with an increase in boron, compared to the control group. \u0000Conclusions: The MDA levels with excess boron showed an increase, fluctuation, and decrease in each group of the cultivars, compared to the control group. Therefore, the MDA levels in potato plants with excess boron might not be a clear sign to determine the level of stress. This is the first report of MDA levels in eight different potato cultivars subjected to three different excess boron concentrations.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.11
N. Kızıldağ, Husniye Aka Sagliker, C. Darıcı
Background: Soil salinity is a significant problem in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions. In this study, the effects of salinity on nitrogen mineralisation of Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis soils from the Eastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey were determined. Material and Methods: Nitrogen mineralisation (NH4+ + NO3-) of all samples was determined by the Parnas-Wagner method over 42 days at 28°C and under constant moisture. Results: NO3--N production (mg kg-1) of E. camaldulensis soil was significantly higher than P. pinaster and P. pinea on days 11 and 42 (P Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that nitrogen mineralisation of saline soils can be affected by the composition of different plants.
{"title":"Nitrogen mineralisation in some saline soils at Eastern Mediterranean coasts, Turkey","authors":"N. Kızıldağ, Husniye Aka Sagliker, C. Darıcı","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil salinity is a significant problem in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions. In this study, the effects of salinity on nitrogen mineralisation of Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Eucalyptus camaldulensis soils from the Eastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey were determined. \u0000Material and Methods: Nitrogen mineralisation (NH4+ + NO3-) of all samples was determined by the Parnas-Wagner method over 42 days at 28°C and under constant moisture. \u0000Results: NO3--N production (mg kg-1) of E. camaldulensis soil was significantly higher than P. pinaster and P. pinea on days 11 and 42 (P \u0000Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that nitrogen mineralisation of saline soils can be affected by the composition of different plants.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.10
A. Nedelcheva
Background: This study focuses on the wild vascular plants traditionally used for human consumption in Bulgaria and its aim is to present data about the richness and diversity of plants used as a nutrition source, about folk botanical knowledge and to give an impression about their contemporary state and development in relation to natural plant resources and traditional food culture. The study covers the period from the end of 19t h to the middle of the 20t h century. Material and Methods: The study gathered data from more than 30 ethnobotanical and ethnographical sources which provide information for the end of 19t h to the middle of the 20th century, in addition to field data collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: A total of 88 wild plant species, 25 families and 52 genera were identified as edible plants. Prevailing are representatives of Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Brassicaceae, Compositae and Polygonaceae. The largest numbers of species are from Allium, Rumex and Chenopodium. Similar in number are the species which are used as leaves (43) and fruits (38), followed by young shoots (9), seeds (7), roots (4), bulbs (4) and inflorescences (2). The largest group is from plants whose aboveground parts are gathered mainly during the spring and used as vegetables. Important species are Urtica dioica, Rumex acetosa, Rumexpatientia, Chenopodium album, Atriplex prostrata and Amaranthus retroflexus. The fruits are mostly gathered from Rosaceae, Adoxaceae, Ericaceae and Vitaceae shrubs and trees. The study determined eight major food groups: fresh greens and fruits, stuffed pies, stewed and boiled greens, boiled cereals, sweets (boiled fruit products), dried fruits, snacks and lacto-fermented products. The predominant taste is salty-sour-spicy. Some of wild foods are also used for medicinal purposes and included in preventing or healing diets. Conclusions: Today's traditional diet is very different from the past. Bulgaria provides a good opportunity for ethnobotanical research into wild edible plants as there is much ethnographic data available, including food culture and botanical observations, as well as the possibility of field study in rural areas where wild food plants are traditionally used on a daily basis.
{"title":"An ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Bulgaria","authors":"A. Nedelcheva","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focuses on the wild vascular plants traditionally used for human consumption in Bulgaria and its aim is to present data about the richness and diversity of plants used as a nutrition source, about folk botanical knowledge and to give an impression about their contemporary state and development in relation to natural plant resources and traditional food culture. The study covers the period from the end of 19t h to the middle of the 20t h century. \u0000Material and Methods: The study gathered data from more than 30 ethnobotanical and ethnographical sources which provide information for the end of 19t h to the middle of the 20th century, in addition to field data collected through semi-structured interviews. \u0000Results: A total of 88 wild plant species, 25 families and 52 genera were identified as edible plants. Prevailing are representatives of Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Brassicaceae, \u0000Compositae and Polygonaceae. The largest numbers of species are from Allium, Rumex and Chenopodium. Similar in number are the species which are used as leaves (43) and fruits (38), followed by young shoots (9), seeds (7), roots (4), bulbs (4) and inflorescences (2). The largest group \u0000is from plants whose aboveground parts are gathered mainly during the spring and used as vegetables. Important species are Urtica dioica, Rumex acetosa, Rumexpatientia, Chenopodium album, Atriplex prostrata and Amaranthus retroflexus. The fruits are mostly gathered from Rosaceae, \u0000Adoxaceae, Ericaceae and Vitaceae shrubs and trees. The study determined eight major food groups: fresh greens and fruits, stuffed pies, stewed and boiled greens, boiled cereals, sweets (boiled fruit products), dried fruits, snacks and lacto-fermented products. The predominant taste is salty-sour-spicy. Some of wild foods are also used for medicinal purposes and included in preventing or healing diets. \u0000Conclusions: Today's traditional diet is very different from the past. Bulgaria provides a good opportunity for ethnobotanical research into wild edible plants as there is much ethnographic data available, including food culture and botanical observations, as well as the possibility of field study in rural areas where wild food plants are traditionally used on a daily basis.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.9
B. Mahdavi, A. Rahimi
Background: Chitosan is a polysaccharide biopolymer derived from chitin. It not only stimulates growth and increases the crop yields but also alleviates the harmful effect of abiotic stress on plant growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan on germination and growth of ajowan {Carum copticum) under salt stress. This study was conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse. Material and Methods: In the first experiment seed germination of ajowan monitored under seed pre-treated by soaking in chitosan solutions of 0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% for 3 h. In second experiment, seeds soaked in chitosan solutions (0 and 0.2%) and sown in pots at different salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). Results: Results indicated that all of chitosan concentrations increased germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigour index, length and dry weight of hypocotyl and radicle compared to control although, 0.2% chitosan concentration was more effective than other treatments. Salinity caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot and root dry weight and relative water content, while chitosan adjusted the salt toxicity. Conclusions: It is concluded that chitosan would be able to stimulate germination and growth of ajowan. It is also resulted that soaking ajowan seeds with chitosan, may alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the plant growth.
{"title":"Seed priming with chitosan improves the germination and growth performance of ajowan {Carum copticum) under salt stress","authors":"B. Mahdavi, A. Rahimi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chitosan is a polysaccharide biopolymer derived from chitin. It not only stimulates growth and increases the crop yields but also alleviates the harmful effect of abiotic stress on plant growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan on germination and \u0000growth of ajowan {Carum copticum) under salt stress. This study was conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse. \u0000Material and Methods: In the first experiment seed germination of ajowan monitored under seed pre-treated by soaking in chitosan solutions of 0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% for 3 h. In second experiment, seeds soaked in chitosan solutions (0 and 0.2%) and sown in pots at different salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). \u0000Results: Results indicated that all of chitosan concentrations increased germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigour index, length and dry weight of hypocotyl and radicle compared to control although, 0.2% chitosan concentration was more effective than other treatments. Salinity caused a significant reduction in germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot and root dry weight and relative water content, while chitosan adjusted the salt toxicity. \u0000Conclusions: It is concluded that chitosan would be able to stimulate germination and growth of ajowan. It is also resulted that soaking ajowan seeds with chitosan, may alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on the plant growth.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.10
R. Roychowdhury, J. Karmakar, N. Dey
Background: In the genomic era, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA marker analysis is widely used for several crop plants, especially in rice (Oryza sativa), for several improvemental aspects. Such study requires a fast, inexpensive, and suitable DNA isolation protocol having several overall advantages. The aim of this work was to standardize a DNA isolation protocol for rice which should be simple, cost-effective, high throughput, PCR compatible, and needs a small amount of plant tissues without using liquid nitrogen. Materials and Methods: To fulfill such a desired goal, genomic DNA was isolated from different tissues (seedling, leaf, root, grain, kernel, straw, and embryogenic callus) of the rice plant following a modified protocol. The isolated DNA was subjected to PCR amplification with a reported trait linked rice-microsatellite (RM) marker. Results: The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA from this modified protocol proved to be comparable with the other standardized protocols. The microsatellite based DNA fingerprint shows reproducible bands from different isolated DNA tissue sources. Conclusions: This mini prep cost-effective protocol was standardized with few milligrams of fresh and dried tissues, it does not require liquid nitrogen, can handle large number of samples in a working day per worker, and be efficiently applied to rice. The protocol has now also been applied in other plants like wheat and mungbean yielding about 0.55 μg of high molecular weight DNA from 100 mg of plant material with negligible RNA contamination.
{"title":"PCR-compatible genomic DNA isolation from different tissues of rice (Oryza sativa) for SSR fingerprinting","authors":"R. Roychowdhury, J. Karmakar, N. Dey","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the genomic era, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA marker analysis is widely used for several crop plants, especially in rice (Oryza sativa), for several improvemental aspects. Such study requires a fast, inexpensive, and suitable DNA isolation protocol having several overall advantages. The aim of this work was to standardize a DNA isolation protocol for rice which should be simple, cost-effective, high throughput, PCR compatible, and needs a small amount of plant tissues without using liquid nitrogen. \u0000Materials and Methods: To fulfill such a desired goal, genomic DNA was isolated from different tissues (seedling, leaf, root, grain, kernel, straw, and embryogenic callus) of the rice plant following a modified protocol. The isolated DNA was subjected to PCR amplification with a reported trait \u0000linked rice-microsatellite (RM) marker. \u0000Results: The quality and quantity of the isolated genomic DNA from this modified protocol proved to be comparable with the other standardized protocols. The microsatellite based DNA fingerprint shows reproducible bands from different isolated DNA tissue sources. \u0000Conclusions: This mini prep cost-effective protocol was standardized with few milligrams of fresh and dried tissues, it does not require liquid nitrogen, can handle large number of samples in a working day per worker, and be efficiently applied to rice. The protocol has now also been applied in other plants like wheat and mungbean yielding about 0.55 μg of high molecular weight DNA from 100 mg of plant material with negligible RNA contamination.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.8
H. Nosrati, M. Feizi, M. Mazinani, A. R. Haghighi
Background: The population size of plants affects on population genetic variation. Materials and Methods: We studied the impact of population size on genetic variation in populations of Capparis spinosa (caper, Capparaceae) using RAPDs in East Azerbaijan (Iran). Withinpopulation genetic diversity was estimated based on Nei's and Shannon's diversity using Popgen, and genetic similarity among the populations was studied from a UPGMA dendrogram based the matrix of Nei's distances obtained through SHAN. Difference in the level genetic variation between small-sized and large-sized populations was tested using Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation between geographical and genetic distances among populations was examined by Pearson test (SPSS, 11.3). Total genetic variation was partitioned into within and among populations based on AMOVA using Arlequin. Results: The polymorphism levels of RAPDs bands among the populations ranged from 48.8% to 81.4%, and within-population Nei's diversity varied from 0.1667 to 0.2630. Genetic variation in smallsized populations (0.1667 to 0.1809) was significantly lower than the variations in large-sized populations (0.2158 -0.2630) (N= 7, P 0.674, Pearson correlation test). Conclusions: Population size has a dramatic impact on its genetic diversity. The results revealed that fragmentation of caper population in the study region has most likely occurred recently. The low genetic diversity revealed within caper populations indicates high risk of extinction and suggests that urgent conservation action is needed to recover diversity in these populations.
{"title":"Effect of population size on genetic variation levels in Capparis spinosa (Capparaceae) detected by RAPDs","authors":"H. Nosrati, M. Feizi, M. Mazinani, A. R. Haghighi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The population size of plants affects on population genetic variation. \u0000Materials and Methods: We studied the impact of population size on genetic variation in populations of Capparis spinosa (caper, Capparaceae) using RAPDs in East Azerbaijan (Iran). Withinpopulation genetic diversity was estimated based on Nei's and Shannon's diversity using Popgen, and genetic similarity among the populations was studied from a UPGMA dendrogram based the matrix of Nei's distances obtained through SHAN. Difference in the level genetic variation between small-sized and large-sized populations was tested using Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation between geographical and genetic distances among populations was examined by Pearson test (SPSS, 11.3). Total genetic variation was partitioned into within and among populations based on AMOVA using Arlequin. \u0000Results: The polymorphism levels of RAPDs bands among the populations ranged from 48.8% to 81.4%, and within-population Nei's diversity varied from 0.1667 to 0.2630. Genetic variation in smallsized populations (0.1667 to 0.1809) was significantly lower than the variations in large-sized populations (0.2158 -0.2630) (N= 7, P 0.674, Pearson correlation test). \u0000Conclusions: Population size has a dramatic impact on its genetic diversity. The results revealed that fragmentation of caper population in the study region has most likely occurred recently. The low genetic diversity revealed within caper populations indicates high risk of extinction and \u0000suggests that urgent conservation action is needed to recover diversity in these populations.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.6
Kaouther Zhani, M. Elouer, Hassan Aloui, C. Hannachi
LiAbstract B a c k g r o u n d : Sa l in i ty af fects g e r m i n a t i o n a n d s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d y ie ld o f severa l c r o p s p e c i e s , s u c h a s p e p p e r . T h a t i s w h y th is s t u d y w a s ca r r ied t o eva lua te the ef fects o f N a C I o n s e e d g e r m i n a t i o n , s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d ion ic b a l a n c e o f th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r {Capsicum frutescens) cv: T e b o u r b a , K o r b a a n d A w l a d H a f f o u z . M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s : T h e p e r c e n t a g e o f g e r m i n a t i o n , the g r o w t h a n d the m ine ra l c o n t e n t s w e r e m e a s u r e d in t he th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r cv w a t e r e d w i th w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 or 8 g L 1 N a C I . R e s u l t s : R e s u l t s s h o w e d tha t d i f ferent sal in i ty s t r e s s levels h a d s ign i f i can t effect o n g e r m i n a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e a n d g e r m i n a t i o n t ime . I n p o t e x p e r i m e n t , i n c r e a s i n g N a C I c o n c e n t r a t i o n , fo r all cv, i n d u c e d a s ign i f i can t d e c r e a s e on p lan t he igh t , r o o t l eng th , l eaves n u m b e r , leaf a r e a a n d ch lo rophy l l a m o u n t . T h e f r e s h a n d d r y w e i g h t s a re a l s o a f fec ted. I n a d d i t i o n , sa l in i ty i n c r e a s e d N a + a n d C I " levels b u t d e c r e a s e d K + level i n r o o t s a n d s h o o t s . C o n c l u s i o n s : A w l a d H a f f o u z c v h a d the h i g h e s t K 7 N a + rat io c o m p a r e d t o c v K o r b a a n d T e b o u r b a a n d i t h a s s h o w e d the b e s t r e s p o n s e u n d e r sal t s t r e s s d u r i n g g e r m i n a t i o n a n d g r o w t h s t a g e w h i c h lets i t to be the m o s t to le ran t cv. K e y w o r d s : Capsicum frutescens, g e r m i n a t i o n , m ine ra l nu t r i t i on , sal ini ty, s h o o t .
摘要B a c k g r o n d：Sa l in i ty影响g e r m i n a t i o n d s e e d l i n g r o w t h a n y e f severa l c r o s p e c i es，s u c h a s p e p e r。T h a T i s w h y th is T u d y w a s ca r r a a T i o N以消除N a C i o s e e d g e r m i N的影响，这是一个新的t u n i s i a n辣椒p e r｛辣椒）cv:T e b o u r b a，K o r b a n d a w l a d H a f o u z。M a T e r i a l s a n d M e T H o d s：T H e p e r c e n T a g e o f g e r M i a T i o n，g r o w T n d M e r e a u r e d在三种辣椒中的含量d w i th w a T e r c o n T a i n i n g 0、2、4、6或8 g l 1 n a c i。r es u l t s：R e s u l s s h o w e d d d d t d d t t d t d t t t d d d i t t d i t d d i d i t i t t t t i t i d i d d i f i t t i d t i t d i d t t i f i d i f t i t y t i t a g e a n d g e R m i n t i o n p e R c e n t a t i n t t i o t i t。I n p o t e x p e r I m e n t，I n c r e a s I ng n a c I c o n c e n t r a t I o n，对于所有的cv，I n d u c e d a sign I f I t t I t I t e d e c r e e a s e on p lan the high t，r o t l ength，l aven n u b e r，leaf a r e a n d ch los rope l a m o n t。这是一种有效的方法。我很高兴，在c r e a s e d n a+a n d c i中“级别b u t d e c r e a s e d K+级别i n r o t s a n d s h o t s。c o n c l u s i o n s：a w l a d h a f o u z c v h a d h i g h e s t K 7 n a+rat io c o m p a n d t e b o u r b a n d a s h o w d d d s s s s p o n n d e e c v K o r s d u r b i n g e r m i n a t i o n d g r o w t h s t a g e w h i c h让我成为K e y w o r d s的简历：辣椒，g e r m i n a t i o n，m ine ra l nut r i t i on，sal ini，s h o o t。
{"title":"Selection of a salt tolerant Tunisian cultivar of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)","authors":"Kaouther Zhani, M. Elouer, Hassan Aloui, C. Hannachi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"LiAbstract B a c k g r o u n d : Sa l in i ty af fects g e r m i n a t i o n a n d s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d y ie ld o f severa l c r o p s p e c i e s , s u c h a s p e p p e r . T h a t i s w h y th is s t u d y w a s ca r r ied t o eva lua te the ef fects o f N a C I o n s e e d g e r m i n a t i o n , s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d ion ic b a l a n c e o f th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r {Capsicum frutescens) cv: T e b o u r b a , K o r b a a n d A w l a d H a f f o u z . M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s : T h e p e r c e n t a g e o f g e r m i n a t i o n , the g r o w t h a n d the m ine ra l c o n t e n t s w e r e m e a s u r e d in t he th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r cv w a t e r e d w i th w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 or 8 g L 1 N a C I . R e s u l t s : R e s u l t s s h o w e d tha t d i f ferent sal in i ty s t r e s s levels h a d s ign i f i can t effect o n g e r m i n a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e a n d g e r m i n a t i o n t ime . I n p o t e x p e r i m e n t , i n c r e a s i n g N a C I c o n c e n t r a t i o n , fo r all cv, i n d u c e d a s ign i f i can t d e c r e a s e on p lan t he igh t , r o o t l eng th , l eaves n u m b e r , leaf a r e a a n d ch lo rophy l l a m o u n t . T h e f r e s h a n d d r y w e i g h t s a re a l s o a f fec ted. I n a d d i t i o n , sa l in i ty i n c r e a s e d N a + a n d C I \" levels b u t d e c r e a s e d K + level i n r o o t s a n d s h o o t s . C o n c l u s i o n s : A w l a d H a f f o u z c v h a d the h i g h e s t K 7 N a + rat io c o m p a r e d t o c v K o r b a a n d T e b o u r b a a n d i t h a s s h o w e d the b e s t r e s p o n s e u n d e r sal t s t r e s s d u r i n g g e r m i n a t i o n a n d g r o w t h s t a g e w h i c h lets i t to be the m o s t to le ran t cv. K e y w o r d s : Capsicum frutescens, g e r m i n a t i o n , m ine ra l nu t r i t i on , sal ini ty, s h o o t .","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.3
Sumit Manna, A. Roy, T. K. Ghara
Background: The presence of brick kiln along the Hoogly river sites of lower Bengal is very usual and this phenomenon is not only restricted to India alone but also to other south Asian countries. The abandoned brick kiln are important habitat for the formation of mangrove community due to tidal action, loose silty substratum and less anthropogenic interference. In this context, the aim of the present study is to visualize how the structural and association pattern regulate the community dynamics of a mangrove ecosystem. Materials and Methods: The entire study area was divided into 37 units (Quadrats of 27.31 sq m). Structural parameters like density, relative density, abundance, relative abundance, frequency, relative basal area were measured based on vegetation map, prepared through satellite image and ground truthing. Association indices (Ochiai, Dice and Jaccard) were measured based on 2X2 contingency/species association table. Results: Out of 10 species under 10 genera and 9 families found in the present habitat, Sonneratia caseolaris is the only mangrove tree species with 155 individuals along with other mangrove associates like Cryptocoryne ciliata, Crinum viviparum, Acanthus ilicifolius and Denis scandens. The high importance value index of Sonneratia caseolaris, Cryptocoryne ciliata, and Crinum viviparum indicated their significant role in community formation. The strong positive association of these 3 species also suggests helping in developing community in stressed environment. Conclusion: Identification of such potential mangrove habitat and study of their community dynamics would be helpful to find out the nature of mangrove establishment for future afforestation programme of threatened mangrove species.
{"title":"Mangrove community in an abandoned brick kiln: A structural and association analysis","authors":"Sumit Manna, A. Roy, T. K. Ghara","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The presence of brick kiln along the Hoogly river sites of lower Bengal is very usual and this phenomenon is not only restricted to India alone but also to other south Asian countries. The abandoned brick kiln are important habitat for the formation of mangrove community due to tidal action, loose silty substratum and less anthropogenic interference. In this context, the aim of the present study is to visualize how the structural and association pattern regulate the community dynamics of a mangrove ecosystem. \u0000Materials and Methods: The entire study area was divided into 37 units (Quadrats of 27.31 sq m). Structural parameters like density, relative density, abundance, relative abundance, frequency, relative basal area were measured based on vegetation map, prepared through satellite image and ground truthing. Association indices (Ochiai, Dice and Jaccard) were measured based on 2X2 contingency/species association table. \u0000Results: Out of 10 species under 10 genera and 9 families found in the present habitat, Sonneratia caseolaris is the only mangrove tree species with 155 individuals along with other mangrove associates like Cryptocoryne ciliata, Crinum viviparum, Acanthus ilicifolius and Denis scandens. The high importance value index of Sonneratia caseolaris, Cryptocoryne ciliata, and Crinum viviparum indicated their significant role in community formation. The strong positive association of these 3 species also suggests helping in developing community in stressed environment. \u0000Conclusion: Identification of such potential mangrove habitat and study of their community dynamics would be helpful to find out the nature of mangrove establishment for future afforestation programme of threatened mangrove species.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.13
Arda Acemi, Fazıl Özen, R. Kiran
Background: The plant blue star, rich in cardioactive and anti-cancer glycosides and glycoalkaloids and also used as an ornamental plant, is evaluated as "critically endangered" since it is nearly extinct in nature. In the present study, we describe a rapid and efficient callus production protocol for further studies that can be conducted on Amsonia orientalis such as secondary metabolite production and in vitro propagation. Materials and Methods: Mature nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media including 0.5 mg L 1 6-benzylaminopurine. Obtained shoots were subcultured on same fresh media supplemented with different (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg L 1 ) 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations. Explants from multiplied shoots were used for callusing experiments. Effects of various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on callus production were tested. At the end of the incubation period calli were weighted and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. Results: When compared to others, all concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine were found to be the most effective on callus induction. Maximum mean callus weight of 0.327±0.07 g/callus was found at media supplemented with 0.5 mg L 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg L 1 6-benzylaminopurine in combination. Furthermore, higher kinetin concentrations caused production of fragile calli which are frequently used to initiate cell cultures. Conclusions: The results have shown that media enriched with indole-3-acetic acid+kinetin combinations are more suitable for fragile calli production while media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+6-benzylaminopurine combinations provide large but compact callus tissues. The findings will contribute to the establishment of cell suspension cultures.
背景:植物蓝星富含有益心脏和抗癌的糖苷和糖生物碱，也是一种观赏植物，在自然界中已接近灭绝，被评估为“极度濒危”。在本研究中，我们描述了一种快速有效的愈伤组织产生方案，为进一步研究如次生代谢物的产生和离体繁殖提供了可能。材料与方法:在含0.5 mg L 16 -氨基嘌呤的Murashige和Skoog培养基上培养成熟的节段外植体。将获得的芽在添加不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0或4.0 mg L 1) 6-氨基嘌呤的相同新鲜培养基上继代培养。用增殖芽的外植体进行愈伤组织实验。研究了6-苄基氨基嘌呤、动素、吲哚-3-乙酸和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸不同组合对愈伤组织生成的影响。孵育结束后，对愈伤组织进行加权，并用Duncan's多极差检验比较平均值。结果:2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸与6-苄基氨基嘌呤复合处理对愈伤组织的诱导效果最好。在添加0.5 mg L 1,2,4 -二氯苯氧乙酸和0.5 mg L 1 - 6-氨基嘌呤的培养基中，愈伤组织的平均重量最大，为0.327±0.07 g/个。此外，较高的动素浓度导致易碎的愈伤组织的产生，这通常用于启动细胞培养。结论:吲哚-3-乙酸+动蛋白复合培养基更适合产生脆弱的愈伤组织，而2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸+6-苄基氨基嘌呤复合培养基能产生大而致密的愈伤组织。这一发现将有助于建立细胞悬浮培养。
{"title":"Development of an efficient callus production protocol for Amsonia orientalis: A critically endangered medicinal plant","authors":"Arda Acemi, Fazıl Özen, R. Kiran","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The plant blue star, rich in cardioactive and anti-cancer glycosides and glycoalkaloids and also used as an ornamental plant, is evaluated as \"critically endangered\" since it is nearly extinct in nature. In the present study, we describe a rapid and efficient callus production protocol for further studies that can be conducted on Amsonia orientalis such as secondary metabolite production and in vitro propagation. Materials and Methods: Mature nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media including 0.5 mg L 1 6-benzylaminopurine. Obtained shoots were subcultured on same fresh media supplemented with different (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg L 1 ) 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations. Explants from multiplied shoots were used for callusing experiments. Effects of various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, indole-3-acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on callus production were tested. At the end of the incubation period calli were weighted and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. Results: When compared to others, all concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine were found to be the most effective on callus induction. Maximum mean callus weight of 0.327±0.07 g/callus was found at media supplemented with 0.5 mg L 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg L 1 6-benzylaminopurine in combination. Furthermore, higher kinetin concentrations caused production of fragile calli which are frequently used to initiate cell cultures. Conclusions: The results have shown that media enriched with indole-3-acetic acid+kinetin combinations are more suitable for fragile calli production while media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid+6-benzylaminopurine combinations provide large but compact callus tissues. The findings will contribute to the establishment of cell suspension cultures.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.1
A. Morsy, K. Salama, H. A. Kamel, M. Mansour
Background: Heavy metals are major environmental pollutant when they present in high concentration in soil and have toxic effects on growth and development of plants. Industrial activities result in heavy metal pollution of large areas of land, which greatly affects natural vegetation. Understanding the mechanism of how plants combat heavy metals adverse effects is hence of great importance. Materials and Methods: Two different localities were chosen; one locality was in the vicinity of gypsum factory and the other one was 25 km away from the factory. Two Zygophyllum species (Z. album and Z. coccineum) were naturally grown in the studied areas. The effects of soil heavy metal stress on shoot heavy metal concentrations, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and the root plasma membrane (PM) lipid composition were analyzed. Results: Heavy metal concentrations and Lipid peroxidation increased in the shoot of both species grown in the polluted area. The activities of ascorbate oxidase (ASO), guaiacal peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased whereas these of catalase (CAT) were decreased in both species under the polluted conditions. PM total lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols were decreased in Z. album and Z. coccineum as a result of the polluted soil. Heavy metal stress increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and decreased phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phophatidylglycerol (PG), with no significant change in phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the root PM of both species. Phosphatidylserine (PS) decreased in the PM of Z. album whereas it increased in the PM of Z. coccineum under the pollution conditions. Heavy metal stress changed the composition and concentration of fatty acids of the root PM, resulting in increased sat/unsat ratio of both species. Conclusion: the results suggest that efficient antioxidant machinery and favorable PM lipid homeostasis are important to enable Zygophyllum species to withstand the prevailing heavy metal stress.
{"title":"Effect of heavy metals on plasma membrane lipids and antioxidant enzymes of Zygophyl I urn species","authors":"A. Morsy, K. Salama, H. A. Kamel, M. Mansour","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heavy metals are major environmental pollutant when they present in high concentration in soil and have toxic effects on growth and development of plants. Industrial activities result in heavy metal pollution of large areas of land, which greatly affects natural vegetation. Understanding the mechanism of how plants combat heavy metals adverse effects is hence of great importance. \u0000Materials and Methods: Two different localities were chosen; one locality was in the vicinity of gypsum factory and the other one was 25 km away from the factory. Two Zygophyllum species (Z. album and Z. coccineum) were naturally grown in the studied areas. The effects of soil heavy metal stress on shoot heavy metal concentrations, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and the root plasma membrane (PM) lipid composition were analyzed. Results: Heavy metal concentrations and Lipid peroxidation increased in the shoot of both species grown in the polluted area. The activities of ascorbate oxidase (ASO), guaiacal peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased whereas these of catalase (CAT) were decreased in both species under the polluted conditions. PM total lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols were decreased in Z. album and Z. coccineum as a result of the polluted soil. Heavy metal stress increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and decreased phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phophatidylglycerol (PG), with no significant change in phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the root PM of both species. Phosphatidylserine (PS) decreased in the PM of Z. album whereas it increased in the PM of Z. coccineum under the pollution conditions. Heavy metal stress changed the composition and concentration of fatty acids of the root PM, resulting in increased sat/unsat ratio of both species. \u0000Conclusion: the results suggest that efficient antioxidant machinery and favorable PM lipid homeostasis are important to enable Zygophyllum species to withstand the prevailing heavy metal stress.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2012.6.0.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70598910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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