Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

Apple’s rising popularity among consumers can be attributed to its delightful taste and rich nutritional value. Nonetheless, little is known about the interrelationships between soil, leaf, and fruit pulp minerals. In this investigation, the mineral property relationships between the soils, leaf and fruit pulp of local cultivars were evaluated by correlation analysis. The soil exhibited a texture ranging from sandy loam, with a very low organic matter content. Mineral contents were higher in the leaves compared to the fruit pulp. While macro elements were determined in high amounts, the amounts of iron and zinc from micro elements were insufficient and the amount of manganese was found to be low. While the amount of potassium was determined to be highest in the leaf in ‘Cebe girmez’ cultivar (23,787 ppm), it was determined to be lowest in the fruit in ‘Bey elması’ cultivar (18,437 ppm). Heavy metals content remained within acceptable limits, the ‘Aslik’ cultivar exhibiting the highest compared to others. In the fruit, the highest Pb (6.79 ppm) and Cd (0.41 ppm) amounts were determined in ‘Aslik’ cultivar and the lowest Se amount (0.38 ppm) was determined in ‘Bey elması’ cultivar. Positive correlations were established between mineral elements found in fruit pulp and leaf. This information will be useful for the exploitation of apple resources and for developing appropriate new cultivars to sustain fruit quality.

Pollination is a key factor in the production of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to achieve a quantitatively and qualitatively satisfactory yield. Lower yields and small fruit without commercial value are correlated with poor pollination. This study was performed to investigate the flowering phenophase and pollen performance in vitro and in vivo of five cultivars (‘Duke’, ‘Reka’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Nui’ and ‘Ozarkblue’) that are commercially important in Serbia. Each cultivar was used as polleniser, while ‘Reka’, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Ozarkblue’ were also used as pollinated cultivars. Including the self- and open-pollination variants, a total of 18 combinations were investigated during the 3‑year study period. The studied blueberry cultivars flowered during the last third of April and the first half of May and, with the exception of ‘Ozarkblue’, had a satisfactory overlap in the flowering phenophase. There were genotype, year, and genotype × year interaction effects on pollen performance in vitro of the investigated blueberry cultivars. The pollination variant influenced pollen performance in vivo: The open-pollination variant was the most favourable in all tested cultivars, followed by the cross-pollination variant, with the exception of cultivar ‘Nui’ used as a polleniser, which showed worse results compared to the self-pollination variant. In addition, the pollinated cultivar impacted the pollen performance of pollenisers, while the impact of air temperature during the flowering phenophase can only be considered in the context of the responses for each male–female combination.

The investigation examined a horti-silvi-agricultural system established four years ago, integrating various crops to optimize land use and productivity. This system included short-statured fruit crops such as Aonla and Peach as filler crops, with Mango and Mahogany serving as the main crops, while rice and ragi as intercrops. A split-plot design was employed, designating rice and ragi as main plots, and the following systems as subplots: Mahogany + Mango + Aonla, Mahogany + Mango + Peach, and Mahogany + Mango with no filler crop. The study revealed that the growth and development of filler crops were significantly influenced by the horti-silvi-agricultural system. Notably, in the Mahogany + Mango + Peach system, significant effects were observed on leaf nutrient levels (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and carbohydrate content. The system also demonstrated greater soil moisture retention compared to a fallow system, with the peach-based combinations resulting in the highest reduction in electrical conductivity (EC). The organic carbon content in the horti-silvi-agricultural system’s soil was significantly higher than in a monocropping system, decreasing with soil depth. Additionally, the availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) was higher in the surface layer of the Mango + Mahogany + Peach system. Overall, fruit tree-based systems were found to enhance soil organic matter, increase nutrient availability, and improve soil properties.

Uzbekistan, situated in Central Asia, boasts a rich agricultural heritage deeply rooted in its warm climate, fostering a diverse array of species and varieties. This favorable environment enables the cultivation of numerous fruit crops with exceptional quality and productivity. Traditionally, Uzbekistan has relied on conventional methods for the cultivation and processing of these crops, with a focus on local markets. However, amidst a rapidly evolving landscape, the country is poised for significant growth and global prominence, particularly in the exportation of products such as cherries, apricots, and grapes. The transition towards modern cultivation techniques signals a transformative period for Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector. This shift not only positions the country as a robust exporter of fruits but also presents lucrative opportunities for nursery trees including different cultivars and rootstocks, and greenhouse technology companies worldwide. Furthermore, in regions where agricultural mechanization is underdeveloped, Uzbekistan offers considerable potential for the implementation of advanced technologies in both cultivation and post-harvest processes. Consequently, various international players, including companies from Türkiye, the Netherlands, China, and the United States, have begun to capitalize on Uzbekistan’s burgeoning agricultural landscape. Thus, Uzbekistan emerges as a beacon of opportunity on the global stage, fostering collaboration and innovation in fruit science. This overview provides a brief exploration of fruit growing in Uzbekistan, touching upon cultivation methods, challenges, market dynamics, and future prospects.

The study was carried out under salt-stress conditions, and three non-microbial commercial organic fertilizers purchased from Humintech GmbH (Grevenbroich, Germany) were applied to the soil for strawberry plants. The three promoters were Fulvagra®, based on fulvic acid, Liqhumus®, based on humic acid, and Microsense Root®, also based on humic acid. Treatment with Fulvagra® resulted in a remarkable 69.90% increase in average fruit weight and a 39.52% increase in yield in strawberry plants. These improvements remained significant when combined with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), resulting in a 61.81% increase in fruit weight and a 45.21% increase in yield. Liqhumus® treatment resulted in a significant 49.95% increase in fruit weight and a 39.30% increase in fruit yield. The introduction of PGPR further enhanced these effects by increasing fruit weight by 87.70% and yield by 63.84%. The Microsense Root® treatment showed 31.07 and 61.87% improvements for the respective parameters. In conjunction with this treatment, the use of PGPR produced the most significant results, with increases of 121.14 and 65.37% for respective parameters. These results indicate that the combined use of non-microbial commercial organic fertilizers with PGPR leads to higher efficiency and is promising for sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in improving the resistance of strawberry plants to salt-induced stress.

Regular consumption of table grape berries bestows various health benefits due to their rich vitamin, mineral, and polyphenol contents. This study examined the physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of berries (skin, flesh, and seed) of red ‘Isabel’ (Vitis vinifera L. × V. labrusca L.) grape during ripening (232–293 days after full bloom) grown in Türkiye. The results showed that fruit size and dry matter content in the berry increased gradually throughout ripening, while moisture content and firmness decreased. Fructose was the major soluble sugar in all parts of the grape, followed by glucose and sucrose. In general terms, the sugar contents of the grape increased in a stage-dependent manner. Malic acid was the most abundant organic acid in the skin and flesh, and tartaric acid in the seed, their contents decreasing in the same manner during ripening. The skin and flesh exhibited higher palmitic acid content than the seed, as well a high linoleic acid content in the berry parts. Potassium was the major element in all parts of the grape, followed by Na, Fe and Mg. These results indicate that these nutrients are present at high levels in this grape berry and that the full red stages are the most suitable for obtaining benefit from the grape nutrients.

This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest practices and post-harvest procedures on fruit quantity and quality in two orange varieties (‘Valencia’ and ‘Thompson Navel’) stored under traditional (TP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions. Conducted in the Sari region of Iran over 2 years (2021–2022), pre-harvest treatments included water deficit at two levels and foliar spraying of chitosan and melatonin. Post-harvest treatments involved different packaging methods and storage durations. Pomological attributes such as fruit weight and volume were significantly influenced by storage conditions and treatments, with MAP enhancing these attributes while water deficit decreased them. The combined application of chitosan and melatonin increased fruit volume by 40.46% in ‘Valencia’ and 32.29% in ‘Thomson Navel’ compared to control treatments. Biochemical characteristics like vitamin C content, total soluble solids, and tissue firmness decreased during storage but were higher with MAP and lower with water deficit. Total phenolic content rose with storage duration, especially with chitosan and melatonin treatments. Flavonoid compound content varied with storage conditions and treatments. Notably, MAP reduced the content of particular compounds compared to TP. Integrated treatments involving chitosan and melatonin positively affected fruit quality and biochemical properties during storage, suggesting their potential for enhancing post-harvest quality in oranges.

Global climate change is a crucial issue of the third millennium. The discussion of food security and access risks has become widespread worldwide. Countries are developing policies and making agreements at the regional and global levels. Agricultural production is one of the many sectors affected by global climate change. The agricultural sector contributes to CO2 emissions through tillage, fertilizer and pesticide use, agricultural waste, and transportation. Fruit growing is one area where these factors are used intensively. The production and foreign trade of these products using intensive agricultural methods contribute to annual temperature increases on Earth. This study analyzes the impact of total fruit production, imports, and exports on annual temperature changes in EU-27 countries between 2000 and 2021 using advanced econometric models. The results indicate that both total fruit production and imports contribute to annual temperature increases. Policies at the local, national, and international levels should be reorganized to consider the impact of global climate change on production and transportation systems.

This study aimed to determine the physico-mechanical and chemical properties in pecan. Pecan nuts were supplied from Serik district of Antalya province in the 2022–2023 production season. The values of length, width, thickness, shell thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, true density and porosity of pecan were found to be 4% moisture content (d.b.) 43.94 mm, 22.27 mm, 20.45 mm, 1.11 mm, 27.14 mm, 61.82%, 441.05 kg m⁻³, 771.15 kg m⁻³ and 42.80%, respectively. The values of moisture, protein and crude oil of pecan kernel were determined to be 3.48%, 11.59% and 66.01%, respectively. The primary fatty acid component was found to be oleic acid, which accounted for 50.57% of the total. Macro-elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micro-elements (Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B) and heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) were also detected in pecan kernels. As a result of the chemical analyses performed on pecans, it can be said that pecan is a very rich foodstuff in terms of nutritional values such as oil content, fatty acid components and minerals, etc., and can be easily used in diets. Moreover, the physico-mechanical results of this study can be applied to improve the harvesting and threshing stages, transport and storage processes, as well as to develop machines for pecan farming.

Soil properties affect weed composition and weed density in orchards. Understanding the relationship between soil properties and weed distribution would allow selection of the best weed control strategies. The current study aimed to examine the correlation between weed density and soil physicochemical characteristics in apple orchards. Survey studies were performed in 143 apple orchards for the purpose. Weeds were counted and soil samples were taken at the intersection points for their physicochemical analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to assess the effects of different soil factors and altitude on grassland species and weed distribution. Of the identified weed species, 129 belonged to 33 families, two of which were monocotyledonous and 31 were dicotyledonous. The species mostly identified in apple orchards belonged to the Asteraceae (21 species), Poaceae (15 species) and Brassicaceae (13 species) families. The aggregate stability, Ca, P₂O₅ and CaCO₃ contents of the soils were significantly different between the apple orchards. The weed species Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Cuscuta polygonorum L. and Acroptilon repens (L.) D.C. were identified as indicators of clay soils and the species Poa trivialis L., Medicago sativa L. and Plantago lanceolata L. were identified as indicators of sandy soils. The species Avena fatua L., Bifora radians Bieb. and Cuscuta polygonorum L. were identified as indicator plants and the species Bromus tectorum L. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. and Tragopogon latifolius Boiss. were identified as cosmopolite species which are able to adapt to any kind of soil.