Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

Guava is a climacteric fruit, showing an increased rate of respiration and metabolic activities within a short period, leading to rapid senescence. Keeping this in view, this current experiment has been planned whereby the guava fruits coated with beeswax at 2.5% and 5.0% concentrations along with packing with low density polyethylene (LDPE) were assayed for shelf life and storability. After coatings, the fruits were packed in ventilated corrugated fiberboard (CFB) boxes and stored in the cold chamber (6–8 °C, 90–95% relative humidity [RH]) and at ambient conditions (6–24 °C, 40–75% RH). Quality analysis after 5‑day and 3‑day intervals in cold storage and ambient storage conditions, respectively, revealed that fruit firmness, ascorbic acid (AsA), acidity, sugars, total phenols, and pectin content decreased during storage, whereas weight loss (WL) and decay incidence was maintained in beeswax treated fruit compared to the control. The highest mean value of firmness, AsA, titratable acidity (TA), sugars, total phenolic content (TPC), pectin content and overall sensory quality (SQ) and lowest decay incidence, WL, and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity were obtained from Beeswax 5% + LDPE treated guava fruits up to 20 days and 9 days of storage under cold and ambient conditions, respectively.

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The goal of the current study was to develop a standardized protocol for efficient in vitro regeneration of citrus cultivars ‘Daisy’ and ‘W. Murcott’ mandarin. Treatment with 0.1% mercuric chloride (HgCl₂ for 5 min) and 0.5% Bavistin (10 min) effectively induced seed germination in ‘Daisy’ at 87.20%. Intermodal explants showed a high establishment rate of 98.80% in both ‘Dasiy’ and ‘W. Murcott’. Maximum shoot regeneration of 98.20% was recorded on MS fortified with 0.5 mgL⁻¹ BAP + 0.5 mgL⁻¹ Kinetin using nodal segments, followed by leaf explants (88.80%) on MS enriched with 2.0 mgL⁻¹ BAP. Highest shoot proliferation (2.6 shoots per explant) with mean shoot length of 2.3 cm was observed on MS containing BAP (2.5 mgL⁻¹) in ‘Daisy’ mandarin whereas, highest shoot length (3.64 cm) was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mgL⁻¹ BAP and 0.5 mgL⁻¹ GA₃. However, in ‘W. Murcott’, highest shoot multiplication (2.60 shoots per explant) with 1.9 cm mean shoot length was recorded on MS + BAP (3.0 mgL⁻¹). Whereas, maximum mean shoot length of 3.50 cm was observed on MS enriched with BAP (2.0 mgL⁻¹) and GA₃ (0.5 mgL⁻¹). Highest in vitro rooting (70.60%) with 2.3 average root number was observed on ½ MS supplemented with IBA (1.0 mgL⁻¹) in ‘Daisy’ mandarin, in comparison to 68.40% rooting with 2.1 average number of roots in ‘W. Murcott’ on ½ MS + IBA (0.5 mgL⁻¹). In vitro rooted plants when hardened showed 80.00% survival in ‘Daisy’ and 72.33% survival in ‘W. Murcott’ in potting mixture composed of cocopeat + vermiculite + perlite (2:1:1) after one month of hardening with no morphological variations.

Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.), an underutilized fruit in the horticultural sector, has tremendous potential and is equipped with various medicinal properties. Each part of bael such as the leaves, bark, root, flower, and fruit is the source of medicine, and various secondary products can be developed that can be effectively utilized in different fields. It is considered to be one of the most valuable medicinal plants in India due to the curative capabilities that it possesses. Bael is nutritionally rich and has high a value composition with antibacterial, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity. In addition, bael also has hepato-protective, insecticidal, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activity. The presence of fibers, polyphenols, carotenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins in the plant shows numerous health benefits, namely, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antiulcerative, cardioprotective, anticancer, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Although the most valuable and consumable part of the tree is its fruits, leaves, stems, bark, and roots are also utilized in the Ayurveda system of medicine to cure a variety of human ailments. Bael’s pharmaceutical value makes it a great fit in the field of medicine, and its importance rose further due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This plant of Indian origin has tremendous therapeutic potential but has not been fully utilized to date. In this review, we compile all the latest information available on the pharmaceutical properties of bael. Furthermore, future lines of work are also discussed in order to explore the in-depth potential of bael, a gift of god to this earth mankind.

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), one of the oldest tree plants cultivated trees in the world, is a very important food crop, providing both oil and edible fruits. Most olive production takes place in Mediterranean countries, and Türkiye is one of the world’s leading olive-producing countries. In 2023, 1.5 million tonnes of olives were produced from 900,000 hectares of olive groves in Türkiye, while 4102 t of olives were produced from 3909 hectares of olive groves in Adıyaman in the same year. During the surveys in June 2021 and 2022, unusual leaf blight symptoms were observed on olive trees of the cultivar ‘Gemlik’ in various orchards in the province of Adıyaman in the Southeast Anatolian region of Türkiye. In severe cases, it causes early defoliation. Symptomatic leaves were collected from infected plants. Symptoms initially appeared as small brown spots with some yellow halos, but these became larger and darker with time. Infected leaf parts were disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, dried on sterile filter paper and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25–26 °C. Botryosphaeria dothidea was isolated from symptomatic olive leaves and identified by morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS‑1 and ITS‑4. Under controlled environmental conditions, detached leaves and seedlings of O. europea were subjected to inoculation experiments. Inoculation with a B. dothidea isolate produced typical symptoms of brown blight, and the same pathogen was re-isolated and identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing olive leaf blight in Türkiye.

Apple clonal rootstock propagation through mound layering is commercially carried out in open-field conditions. However, the shade net conditions provide the congenial environmental conditions for better root formation and shoot growth. The preliminary study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different growing media (Cocopeat, Sawdust, Cocopeat + Sawdust [1:1], Soil) on rooting performance and growth of apple clonal rootstocks (M. 116, EMLA. 111, MM. 106) through mound layering under shade net conditions for 2 consecutive years (2021 and 2022). The growing media substantially impacted the different rooting metrics and growth of rooted stool shoots of apple clonal rootstocks. Results revealed that the clonal rootstocks exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of adventitious roots (r = 0.43), total root length (r = 0.44), length of rooted stool shoots (r = 0.42), fresh (r = 0.37) and dry weight (r = 0.38) of stool shoots, and plant biomass (r = 0.34), whereas a significant negative correlation with root:shoot ratio (r = −0.33). The combined application of growing media and rootstock M₃C₂ (Cocopeat + Sawdust [1:1] + EMLA 111) had a significantly higher number of adventitious roots per stool shoot (211.10), total root length (2.59 m), root diameter (2.11 mm), fresh weight (18.68 g) and dry weight (8.82 g) of roots, length (223.31 cm), diameter (11.58 mm), fresh weight (141.71 g), dry weight (79.01 g) and root:shoot ratio (0.16) of rooted stool shoots growth under mound layering in shade net conditions.

Türkiye occupies a prominent position in world hazelnut production and export. Despite the presence of legal restrictions, there has been significant expansion in hazelnut plantation areas and production. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential hazelnut plantation areas in 16 provinces and their districts in Türkiye using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the slope criterion as defined by the Council of Ministers’ decisions No. 2014/72535. The study estimated the potential hazelnut area in the study area at 1,465,800 ha. The existing hazelnut orchards, including hazelnut orchards in unauthorized areas, amounted to 755 thousand ha, and this result shows that there is about twice the potential hazelnut area where farmers can expand their hazelnut orchards. The study also showed that if all potential areas were planted with hazelnuts, the potential hazelnut production of 759,972 t in 2022 would be 1,504,428 t in Türkiye. It is considered that slope alone is not a sufficient or accurate criterion to define the suitable areas for hazelnut cultivation. It is proposed that the government should make the necessary amendments to Regulation 2014/7535 to determine suitable hazelnut areas by taking into account soil criteria (e.g. altitude of the land, direction of the land, soil content, soil depth, nickel pollution, etc.) and climate criteria (e.g. temperature, precipitation, humidity, temperature, etc.). The effective implementation and monitoring of such regulations can improve the land use program, sustainability and competitiveness of the hazelnut sector in Türkiye.

Physiological disorders in mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) caused noticeable losses since they reduced the fruit’s quality and customer acceptability. Significant care is needed because in certain commercial varieties, there have been complaints of excessive softening of the pulp tissue around the stone or kernel (jelly seed). A broken-down mesocarp surrounding a seed (stone) is called a jelly seed (JS). The damaged portion may eventually take on an odd flavour and discolouration. The highest incidence of JS was found in late-harvested as well as in tree-ripened fruits. This problem in mango has attracted many researchers in recent years to investigate the incidence level and its possible causes, but the exact cause of the problem is still not clearly understood. Furthermore, to date, no clear-cut physiological, biochemical or molecular mechanism of JS formation has been established by the research, despite the fact that a number of mechanisms have been put forward for JS formation. Thus, this review provides all significant information regarding pre-disposing factors, causes, mechanism of excessive tissue softening, kernel-to-pulp communication and vice versa reported to date on the aforementioned physiological disorder. We also review various management options developed to control JS formation in mangoes. Overall, this is the first comprehensive review that provides complete insight into JS disorder in mangoes and the future action required for research.

Environmentally friendly technologies with regard to reducing the usage of commercial synthetic waxes are required for maintaining the quality of mandarin fruits during the post-harvest period. In this study, novel biocoatings that serve as a natural alternative to synthetic waxes were developed for obtaining sustained shelf life of freshly harvested mandarins. The effect of natamycin and vanillin as natural antimicrobial compounds on the post-harvest quality of mandarins were investigated by means of alginate-based edible coating. Alginate coating (1% w/v) formulations including 0.5% vanillin, 1.0% vanillin, 0.025% natamycin, 0.05% natamycin and without vanillin or natamycin were applied and compared with uncoated fruit as control. Weight loss, color change, fruit firmness, yeast and mold counts were examined over 21 days at 25 °C. Quality changes in mandarins such as losses of weight, color and softening changes were significantly delayed with alginate coatings. Brightness on the surfaces of fruits was improved by alginate coating layers. Fruit firmness decreased with storage time in control samples, while the firmness in coated samples remained relatively constant or increased. Moreover, yeast and mold counts considerably decreased (1.52 log cfu/g) for fruits coated with alginate coating incorporating 1% vanillin. Extension of the post-harvest storage of mandarin fruits could be performed by using alginate coating incorporating vanillin as an alternative to synthetic waxes.

The olive (Olea europaea L.), one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world, is one of the perennial plants of the Oleaceae family. The majority of production takes place in Mediterranean countries, and Türkiye is one of the world’s leading olive producing countries. In 2023, 1.5 million t of olives were produced from 900,000 hectares of olive groves in Turkey, and 4102 t of olives were produced from 3909 hectares of olive groves in Adıyaman province in the same year. In the study carried out to determine the diseases of ‘Gemlik’ variety olive trees in these areas, samples were taken from the leaves of olive trees showing disease symptoms in June in 2021 and 2022 and sent to the laboratory. Following the isolation studies carried out to determine the causes of the symptoms on the leaves of diseased olive trees showing leaf spot symptoms, the development of Chaetomium-like colonies was observed. Pathogenicity studies carried out under in vitro conditions showed that the isolate obtained was an olive leaf pathogen. Microscopic examinations and molecular diagnostic studies identified the pathogen as Chaetomium globosum. C. globosum colonies developed rapidly and acquired a cottony appearance. Additionally, in PDA medium, the colony, which initially had a whitish appearance, changed over time from tan to reddish brown. C. globosum is a fungus whose biocontrol effects have been widely studied. It has been reported as a pathogen of various host plant species and has spread worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on leaf spot caused by C. globosum as a pathogen on olives in Türkiye.

In this study, the effect of adding potassium humate at different concentrations on growth, nutrient uptake, and, fruit nutritional element contents of almond and walnut was investigated. K‑humate application showed differences in the elemental contents of both fruits. Almond and walnut fruits grown in soil without K‑humate contained 9.97 and 9.40 B, 1440.94 and 742.95 Ca, 12.08 and 7.92 Cu, 53.56 and 22.51 Fe, 2507.82 and 2371.05 K, 1724.49 and 1242.57 Mg, 12.69% and 36.96 Mn, 3556.06 and 5284.40 P and 3241.95 and 4407.65 mg/kg Mg, respectively. In K‑humate-treated soils, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg quantities of almonds and walnuts were determined as 15.38 and 16.37, 2883.26 and 1396.58, 14.57 and 10.49, 58.70 and 35.99, 5371.24 and 2623.37, 2775.47 and 3411.06 mg/kg, respectively. pH, electrical conductivity (EC; salt), CaCO₃, organic matter, inorganic nitrogen (NH₄+NO₃-N), P, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents of K‑humate-treated almond soil were found to be 7.55, 128 µS/cm, 42.1%, 2.94%, 57.7 mg/kg, 34.60 mg/kg, 225 mg/kg, 4712 mg/kg, 142 mg/kg, 11 mg/kg, 0.40 mg/kg, 0.73 mg/kg, 4.29 mg/kg, 1.12 mg/kg and 9.19 mg/kg, respectively. While the Cu content in the control group soil was high, the Cu content in the K‑humate-treated soil was found to be sufficient. The inorganic matter amounts of the soil samples were determined at medium and sufficient levels in almond and walnut soils. It has been observed that the lime content of almond soil is higher than that of walnut soil.