Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

Leaf area and some physical leaf properties play an important role in the vital events of the plant, such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, yield, and quality. Therefore, knowing the leaf area and models that estimate the leaf area is crucial in the development of a fruit tree. Determination of leaf area, especially by non-destructive methods, is very important in terms of examining leaf development in different periods. Therefore, a leaf area estimation model and some physical leaf properties were produced using ‘Jeromine’, ‘Fuji Zehn Astec’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Granny Smith Challenger’, ‘Buckeye Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Rosy Glow’, ’Super Chief’, ‘Golden Reinders’, ‘Ginger Gold’ and ‘Amasya’ apple cultivars. This study was conducted in the Bafra Plain in Northern Anatolia in 2023. Leaf width, length and leaf area were measured to develop the model. The leaf area of the cultivars were measured by PLACOM Digital planimeter, and multiple regression analysis with Microsoft Office XP Excel 2016 program was performed for the cultivars separately. The developed leaf area estimation model in the present study was: LA = [0.887–0.224*(W + L) + 0.786*W*L] (r² = 0.975). In addition to the model generation procedure, the model was validated using the residual values between predicted and measured leaf areas from new leaf samples collected from different apple trees. R² values for the relationships between actual and predicted leaf areas of the tested apple cultivars were found to be 0.971. In this study, the brightest colored leaves were obtained from the ‘Golden Reinders’ cultivar. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained from ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Ginger Gold’ cultivars.

The soil microbiome regulates plant and soil health by cycling nutrients, reconstructing soil, degrading xenobiotics, and regulating growth. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator that is commonly used to induce flowering, particularly in alternate bearers such as mangoes. However, the long-term persistence of PBZ in the soil causes alteration in the soil microbial community and other living species. In the present study, high-throughput whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) through IlluminaNovaseq 6000 was carried out to ascertain the alteration in microbial diversity in control (T1) and PBZ (T2) contaminated soil of mango orchards. The HTS technology revealed that the PBZ application in the soil specifically recruits and improves the abundance of some specific bacterial groups that are known for their own antimicrobial, xenobiotics degradation, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) features. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria in the soil was found to be greatly improved with the application of PBZ. Shannon, Simpson and InvSimson reflect the bacterial diversity, found to be higher in T1, while Ace and Chao diversity indices showed that the soil bacterial richness was significantly higher in T2. The biological buffering of soils by Actinobacteria, nutrient cycling by Acidobacteria, nitrogen fixation and degradation of high molecular weight compounds like PBZ was evident from this study, indicating microbial bioremediation of PBZ in mango orchards. Further, this study establishes altered community composition of the rhizospheric microbiome due to PBZ treatment, which is the trigger for the recruitment of bacteria supporting growth regulatory activities that subsequently may regulate arboreal phenology.

Grapevine viruses pose a significant threat to the viticulture industry, resulting in reduced grape yield, poor fruit quality, and economic loss. Accurate and timely detection of multiple viruses are essential for effective disease management and the implementation of appropriate control measures. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus‑1 (GLRaV-1), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and grapevine virus A (GVA) in 320 plant samples collected from the Aegean region of Turkey using the powerful technique of multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Through comprehensive analysis, 119 of the 320 infected samples were identified using PCR. The distribution of the detected viruses revealed the presence of 28 GFLV, 31 GLRaV‑1, 12 GFkV, 21 GVA, and 27 ArMV. By comprehensively analyzing the samples, the researchers were able to simultaneously detect and identify the target viruses using a single, cost-effective assay. These results reveal the prevalence and distribution of these viruses in the Aegean region, providing valuable insights into the viral landscape of grapevines in this important viticultural area. The high detection rates of these viruses highlight the urgent need for improved disease management strategies to safeguard vine health and productivity.

This study was carried out to examine the effects of postharvest fruit pedicel length and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) treatments on quality changes during storage of ‘Monterey’ strawberry variety. After the fruits were harvested according to three different pedicel lengths (0-5-10 cm), they were immersed in three different doses (0%-2%-4%) of CaCl₂ solution for 5 min, then 1.0 ± 1.0 °C and. It was stored for 21 days in a cold storage at 90% relative humidity. During storage, measurements and analyses of fruit quality parameters were carried out on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. As a result of the study, it was observed that the amount of weight loss increased during storage and the lowest weight loss was in the fruits with a pedicel length of 5 cm. It was observed that the lowest values of rot in terms of fruit pedicel lengths were in 0 and 5 cm pedicel length fruits, and the best results were observed at the 2% CaCl₂ dose in CaCl₂ applications. The amount of SSC in the fruits decreased during the storage period. In terms of phytochemical content, increases and decreases were observed depending on fruit pedicel lengths and calcium doses during storage. As a result, it has been seen that 0–5 cm pedicel length and 2% CaCl₂ applications are effective in many parameters and can be recommended.

Strawberry is a well adopted fruit crop by the farmers in Uttarakhand (India) and it is highly appreciated by the consumers in this region. Its fruit are very perishable in nature, hence production of quality fruits are very problematic in open field condition. To overcome from this problem and production of quality fruits, this study was conducted to optimize organic manure and inorganic fertilizers with the aid of bio-fertilizers on physico-chemical characteristics of fruits. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications having nine treatments with different doses of NPK, FYM, Azotobactor and PSB either single or in combination during two (2018–19 & 2019–20) consecutive seasons. The results showed that application of 100% FYM + NPK (25:120:80) kg/ha + Azotobacter (20 kg/ha) + PSB (20 kg/ha) significantly improved the physico-chemical characters of fruits (fruit size, weight of fruit, volume of fruit, TSS, acidity, non-reducing sugars, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, total sugars, and anthocyanin) with soil application during both the years (2018–19 & 2019–20). This results can helps farmers for quality strawberry fruit production for higher profitability.

Understanding the impact of climate and environmental factors on grapevine phenology is crucial for optimizing viticulture practices in regions susceptible to extreme weather conditions. Therefore, the study was to assess how extreme cold events, such as those observed during this dormant season, affect grapevine development, offering valuable insights for vineyard management in cold-prone regions and contributing to the broader understanding of the effects of local climate on grapevine phenology. Based on our results, the 2020/2021 dormant season in Brookings and Garretson, South Dakota, exhibited significant fluctuations in minimum hourly temperatures, with particularly frigid conditions experienced in February. On February 15, 2021, both locations recorded their lowest temperatures, with Brookings reaching −32.8 °C and Garretson registering −32.01 °C. The extreme cold temperatures in February have significant implications for regional climate analysis, agriculture, and environmental studies. This study investigated the influence of extreme cold on grapevine phenology and revealed varying responses among grape cultivars, locations, and bud stages. While bud break and bud damage were significantly affected by location and grape cultivar, the interaction effect was not significant. ‘Marquette’ demonstrated higher cold resilience in terms of bud break and damage. Furthermore, the evaluation of cluster size unveiled distinct patterns of primary and secondary bud distribution among cultivars and locations, with ‘Marquette’ exhibiting resilience to dead buds. Finally, analysis of cane damage and bud break showed more severe injuries in Garretson cuttings compared to Brookings, suggesting local environmental factors affecting cane hardiness. These findings provide insights for vineyard management in regions prone to extreme cold, enhancing our understanding of the influence of local climate on grapevine phenology.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of edible hydrocolloids in inhibiting the pericarp browning and extending the shelf life of litchi under ambient storage conditions (27 ± 3 ℃ & 82 ± 5% RH). Pericarp browning of litchi deteriorates the shelf life and commercial value of fruits. Changes in polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity, colour index and concentrations of total phenolics, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were measured. Edible coatings, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and acacia gum (AG), extended the shelf life and maintained the postharvest quality of litchi under ambient conditions. CMC had a profound impact on retention of soluble solids content (∼ 65%), titratable acidity (∼ 42%), ascorbic acid content (∼ 24%), and total phenolics (~ 40%) compared to the uncoated fruits until the end of 7 days of ambient storage. Moreover, lesser polyphenol oxidase (∼ 25%) and peroxidise activities (∼ 28%) were observed in CMC coated fruits under ambient conditions. Weight loss and decay incidence was also retarded in CMC coated fruits. Thus, CMC coating can be considered an eco-friendly alternative of chemical preservatives to preserve postharvest quality and reduce pericarp browning of litchi for 7 days.

Nowadays, pesticides are generally used to control diseases and pests. However, many farmers often do not fully understand what diseases and pests are and the extent of their effects. For this reason, the optimal use time of pesticides may be missed, or excessive amounts of pesticides may be used. For this reason, early detection and identification of the disease and pest should be made. One of the methods that allows early detection is deep learning. In this study, deep learning methods were used to detect shot-hole disease, which causes damage to the fruit part of the cherry tree, one of the Prunus species, in real time via a smartphone. To achieve this determination, studies were first carried out on object recognition algorithms in three different methodologies. These models are YOLOv8s, DETR Transformer and RTMDet MMDetection. In the training and test results performed on the created hybrid dataset, it was seen that the most successful algorithm was YOLOv8s. For the YOLOv8s algorithm, mAP₅₀, mAP_50-95, precision and recall performance metrics were found to be 92.7%, 58.9%, 86.7% and 90.2%, respectively. Since YOLOv8s showed the highest successful performance, this algorithm was used in the study for real-time detection. In the real-time experiment, it was determined that it correctly detected 115 of 119 images on the test dataset with an F1 score value of over 80%. As the output of the study, a QR (Quick Response) code was created in the study so that real-time detection can be attempted with a smartphone.

Malus Domestica Borkhausen, commonly known as ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, are highly favored for their nutritional attributes, including crisp texture, robust flavor, sweetness, firmness, color, and a rich array of phytochemical compounds, predominantly polyphenols. Despite their popularity, apples have a limited shelf life, particularly when stored at room temperature. EOs have emerged as a secure postharvest technology with the potential to mitigate post-harvest losses and preserve both labile constituents and overall quality. This study sought to assess the impact of EOs treatments on BAs within ‘Golden Delicious’ apple cultivar and their efficacy in combatting Botrytis cinerea during both protective and curative phases. Interestingly, a strong positive interplay was observed among Cad, His, and Try, while these BAs exhibited a negative association with Dop, Tma, and Nor. EOs treatments exhibited a general tendency to augment the levels of BAs during both preventive and curative periods. Put, Cad, His, and Try were identified as the predominant BAs in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple cultivar during the preventive and curative phases. The interrelation between EOs treatments and application timelines was found to be significantly associated with the levels of BAs, particularly involving combinations such as Eug + Fun, Cin + Fun, Thy + Eug + Fun, Thy + Cin + Fun, Thy + Cin + Eug + Fun, and curative phases. The outcomes of the investigation revealed that the combination of Fun + Thy + Cin + Eug treatments during the protective and curative phases was notably effective in reducing the incidence of fruit decay attributed to B. cinerea. Conversely, the study established correlations with terms such as Fungus, Cin + Eug + Fun, Thy + Fun, control, and protective. In conclusion, the research indicates the dual functionality of EOs application, both as a preventive measure against pathogenic agents such as B. cinerea and as a regulator of potentially harmful BAs within the apples. These findings hold promise for improving the quality and safety of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples in the marketplace, addressing both shelf life and consumer health considerations.

Grapes are highly susceptible to cold damage during critical developmental stages, impacting viticulture. Understanding the intricate dynamics of cold hardiness in grape dormant buds and phloem tissue is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. In this study, we investigated the LT₅₀ values, representing the temperature at which 50% of buds are damaged, under different treatments and sampling times. In our research, we evaluated the effects of four treatments—potassium oxide (K₂O), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), seaweed (SW), and a control—on the cold hardiness of grapevine buds and phloem tissue. Primary bud LT₅₀ values varied across seasons, with January at −22.46 °C, February at −22.35 °C, and March at −20.45 °C. K₂O treatment showed a trend toward improvement, although the difference from the control (−21.99 °C) was not statistically significant. Regarding LT₅₀ values, CaCl₂ and SW applications did not significantly differ from the control. Tertiary buds, however, exhibited a substantial enhancement in cold hardiness with K₂O application, displaying significantly lower LT₅₀ values compared to the control (−23.55 °C). Phloem tissue LT₅₀ values did not significantly differ among treatments, showing less variability. Bud water content significantly increased with K₂O application in all sampling periods (January: 35.41% vs. 35.61%; February: 34.03% vs. 39.16%; March: 42.40% vs. 37.82%), while shoot water content remained stable. In conclusion, K₂O emerges as a key influencer, particularly in enhancing the cold hardiness of tertiary buds. These insights contribute to the knowledge base for targeted frost mitigation strategies in viticulture.