Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

The objective of this study is to investigate the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions associated with walnut production. The research will provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of walnut production. The study was conducted during the 2020–2021 agricultural season in Kahramanmaraş province of Türkiye. The study findings revealed that the energy required for walnut production includes 29,193 MJha⁻¹ (50.53%) of pesticide, 11,533 MJha⁻¹ (19.96%) of machinery, 9443 MJha⁻¹ (16.35%) of fertiliser, 3675 MJha⁻¹ (6.36%) of diesel, 1249 MJha⁻¹ (2.16%) of electricity, and 1163 MJha⁻¹ (2.01%) of farm manure energy. The total energy input and output were 57,772 MJha⁻¹ and 109,444 MJha⁻¹, respectively. The total carbon emissions from walnut production were calculated to be 2242.23 kgCO_2‑eqkg⁻¹. Of all emission sources, the use of machinery was to have the highest contribution with 56.91%.

This study investigated potential mislabeling within 23 fig cultivars from northern Morocco by integrating morphometric and biochemical markers through multivariate analysis. The aim was to assess cultivar identification accuracy and explore efficient germplasm management strategies. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed a statistically significant and substantial correlation between the morphometric and biochemical datasets (Wilk’s λ = 0.004, F [84, 179.49] = 3.18, p < 0.0001), a key step unveiling the interconnected nature of these traits and their combined potential for accurate cultivar discrimination. The interplay of datasets demonstrated that dark-colored figs exhibited higher levels of total phenols, anthocyanin, and radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with the ‘Ghoudan’ cultivar consistently showing the highest concentrations. However, total phenol content did not correlate significantly with fruit color parameters, suggesting a more complex relationship. Proanthocyanidin levels were minimal across cultivars, and the ABTS assay consistently indicated higher antioxidant activity compared to DPPH. Total soluble sugars exhibited minimal variation among fruits. Leveraging CCA results, hierarchical clustering identified potential homonymy instances within ‘Ghoudan,’ ‘El Quoti Lbied,’ and ‘Nabout’ cultivars, where fruit weight, width, skin color coordinates, total phenols, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity emerged as influential factors for discerning mislabeling. These findings underscore the efficacy of integrating morphometric and biochemical characterization for accurate fig cultivar identification and mislabeling detection within germplasm collections. The strong CCA correlation emphasizes this approach’s potential as a preliminary screening tool for large germplasm collections. By efficiently identifying potential mislabeling cases, resources can be directed towards molecular confirmation, ensuring the integrity and effective management of valuable fig genetic resources.

Global market demand for minimally processed (fresh cut) table grapes is increasing due to the premium product quality and easiness in consumption as they are ready-to-eat. However, fresh table grapes necessarily deteriorate after harvest due to their delicate tissue and preparation operations. Therefore, innovative technologies for the postharvest quality maintenance of minimally processed fresh grapes are required. In this study, berry quality, biochemical features and bioactive compounds of minimally processed (berry pedicel detached) grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Crimson Seedless’) as affected by postharvest immersing the berries in melatonin at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mmol L⁻¹) were investigated with a 7-day interval during storage at 1.0 ± 0.5 °C for 35 days. Melatonin dips at all doses significantly extended the physical and biochemical quality of minimally processed (stem excised) grapes by restricting polygalacturonase activity and retarding the losses in berry weight, skin rupture force and visual quality. Melatonin treatments also effectively delayed the changes in berry skin color, phenol content, antioxidant activity and many other biochemical components in berry must. For a sustainable storage of the minimally processed table grapes, a 1-mmol L⁻¹ melatonin concentration can be recommended due to its relatively higher effectiveness over other doses as well as cost-effectiveness of the lower doses.

In this study, ‘Chetoui’ olive cultivar grown in two different regions in central and northern Tunisia, under rainfed and irrigated system, was evaluated for fruit characteristics, oil acidity, chlorophyll, phenols content and fatty acid composition during 2 crop years. Results showed that fruit characteristics including size, maturity index and oil content were not affected either by the growing site or the cultivation system. However, free acidity increased in oil samples harvested from the north site particularly at the irrigated orchards. Chlorophyll content was greater in oils from the centre and phenols content was affected only by irrigation regime. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of oils showed a slight effect for the growing site but a significant effect for the crop year. Overall, it was determined that, outside of its origin area in the northern Tunisia, ‘Chetoui’ olive oil of high quality can also be produced in the central region.

In this study, putrescine coated with chitosan nanocomposite (CS-Put-N) was used for delaying senescence and preserving the quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits during storage at 1 °C for 90 days. Results showed that kiwifruits treated with CS-Put‑N exhibited higher membrane integrity as shown by lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes could be responsible for lower hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation along with higher ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation in kiwifruits during cold storage. In addition, CS-Put‑N treatment improved phenols and flavonoids accumulation and enhanced DPPH scavenging capacity in kiwifruits during cold storage. Furthermore, kiwifruits treated with CS-Put‑N exhibited higher proline accumulation during cold storage. The findings of present study suggested that the application of CS-Put‑N could be a viable and effective approach for delaying senescence and preserving the quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruits during cold storage.

This study compared the characteristics of hermaphrodite and male pomegranate flowers in different positions during the blooming period of the ‘Malas Saveh’ and ‘Shirin Kolbad’ cultivars. Samples were collected every five days from mid-May to late June. The findings revealed that the two cultivars did not differ significantly in most of the studied morphological traits, except for petal dimensions. However, blooming stages showed significant differences in all morphological traits, with the highest flower weight recorded on May 14 and 19, followed by a decrease on May 24 and 29. The diameter and weight were higher in spur flowers than brindille flowers and in terminal flowers than lateral ones. Hermaphrodite flowers were larger and heavier, produced fewer stamens but longer styles than male flowers. The study also found that spur terminal hermaphrodite flowers were more abundant than others, terminal flowers were more abundant than lateral flowers, and spur flowers were more abundant than brindille flowers. Hermaphrodite flowers primarily bloomed from May 19 to June 3, initially terminally and then laterally on spurs. They also bloomed terminally and laterally on brindilles from May 29 to June 3. Male flowers predominantly bloomed from May 19 to June 3, initially terminally and then laterally on spurs. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of pomegranate flower development by providing valuable insights into the morphological characteristics and blooming patterns of different flower types in different positions during the blooming period. These findings may have implications for pomegranate cultivation and management practices.

To determine the optimum storage conditions of Canary Island palm pollens and their metaxenia effects on the fruit characteristics of commercial date palm cvs. ‘Medjool’ and ‘Barhee’ and the possibility of using the pollen of this species in date palm pollination, the current study was conducted for 2 consecutive years (2020–2021). The results showed that in vitro pollen germination of Canary Island palm is low and storing dried pollens of Canary Island palm at −18 °C proved the optimal temperature for preserving pollen germinability (19%) after 90 days of storage. Based on our results, date palm pollinizer (‘Red Ghanami’) in comparison to Canary Island palm pollinizers significantly increased the percentage of fruit set of crosspollinated ‘Medjool’ bunches, while in the ‘Barhee’ cultivar, no significant difference was observed between the bunches that were pollinated with Canary Island palm and date palm pollinizers. Antioxidant capacity, total soluble solid, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of fruits of the ‘Barhee’ cultivar pollinated with Canary Island palm pollen were higher than date palm pollinizer (‘Red Ghanami’). Overall, in contrast to ‘Medjool’, the ‘Barhee’ cultivar is recommended to be pollinated by Canary Island palm pollens when pollen deficiency occurs in date palm orchards.

Mango fruit is nutritious yet perishable; scientists are trying their best to extend its shelf life while keeping the quality of the fruit up to standard. During this study, the aim was to compare the quality, shelf life, and wastage of mango fruit exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-C radiation, both untreated and as it ripened at the tree. The fruits were harvested at the mature, hard green stage (untreated) and stored at 30 °C. Some of the harvested fruit was subjected to UV‑C radiation and stored at 30 °C until ripened. The results obtained were compared to the ones that ripened on the tree. The results showed that ‘S. B. Chaunsa’ mango fruits have higher amounts of total sugar, total carotenoids, pH, and total soluble solids. However, ‘Langra’ mango fruits have higher concentrations of ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, moisture content, and total soluble solids. The results concluded that the tree-ripened and UV-C-irradiated fruits were better in quality than the untreated ones, whereas the wastage was highest in tree-ripened and lowest in UV-C-treated fruit, irrespective of variety. The chemical constituents of fruit measured after 5 days of storage and at the ripened stage indicated that all chemical contents were highest in the case of fruit ripened on the tree (T3) and then were highest for T2, irrespective of the variety. The ‘S. B. Chaunsa’ mango fruit variety contains higher amounts of carotenoids (58.12 µg/g), ascorbic acid (171.7 mg/100 g), pH (3.48), and total solids (22.64%) than the ‘Langra’ variety. The total phenolic content was significantly increased in UV-C-treated (T2) and fruits repined on trees (T3) of the two varieties of mango fruits after 5 days of harvesting and at the ripening stage as compared to untreated fruits (T1). The most pronounced increases were detected in fruits treated with UV and also in the ‘S. B. Chaunsa’ variety. The antioxidant activity of UV-C-treated samples was significantly enhanced when compared to the corresponding controls. It was also noted that the ripening period was longer in ‘S. B. Chaunsa’ as compared to the ‘Langra’ variety. The rate of ripening of the fruit was estimated and found to be highest for untreated stored fruit as compared to other treatments for both varieties. The results showed that the waste percent was lowest in UV-C-treated fruit (T2) and highest in tree-ripened fruit (T3), irrespective of the variety. In conclusion, the fruit exposed to UV‑C radiation was the best option. UV‑C showed potential for increasing the quality, shelf life, and marketability of mangos, which are generally recognized as safe for consumers.

Zinc (Zn) fertilization plays a crucial role in hazelnut production by increasing yield and fruit quality. Zinc is an important micronutrient for hazelnut plants and that Zn content contributes to increased fruit set and improving hazelnut quality. In this study, the effects of the application of soil Zn, foliar Zn, and combined soil Zn and foliar sprays on the improvement of productivity and quality parameters of hazelnut kernels were investigated. The results showed that the application of S1 (1.1 kg Zn ha⁻¹, soil) increased yield and quality compared to the control. A similar increase was also obtained with foliar application of Zn. With the application of S1+F1 (1.1 kg Zn ha⁻¹ soil +0.3% Zn foliar sprays), the highest yield and quality parameters such as nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage, nut size and kernel size increased, and the number of blank nuts and defective kernels decreased. In contrast, efficiency increased in applications S2 (2.2 kg Zn ha⁻¹ soil) and S2+F1, but quality, such as nut weight and kernel size, deteriorated. The amount of Zn in the soil application and the timing of foliar application contribute to the improvement of quantitative and qualitative traits that are crucial for future sustainable hazelnut production.