Erwerbs-Obstbau最新文献

In recent years, climate change and global warming have become significant factors in viticulture, as in many plant cultivations. High-altitude cultivation affects grapevine physiology and composition, offering alternatives for improved viticulture. The aim of this study was to determine of the phenolic content, antioxidant activities and pomological characteristics of commercial table grape varieties ‘Red Globe’, ‘Autumn Royal’, ‘Victoria’ and local varieties ‘Razakı’ and ‘Tilki Kuyruğu’ and ‘Göde Büzgülü’ that are widely grown on the plateau of Antalya in Turkey. Our results showed that ‘Red Globe’ grape variety was found to be the best among the varieties, recommended for its optimal combination of yield and quality. Additionally, the variety ‘Red Globe’ exhibited the highest syringic acid content. The highest (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatesin contents were found in the variety ‘Autumn Royal’, followed by the variety ‘Razakı’. The variety ‘Victoria’ showed the highest t‑resveratrol value at 5.109 mg 100 g−1. This study marked the first research on phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activities for the varieties ‘Tilki Kuyruğu’ and ‘Göde Büzgülü.’ ‘Tilki Kuyruğu’ displayed the highest total polyphenolic and total antioxidant activities, while ‘Göde Büzgülü’ ranked second with the highest total anthocyanin content value.

Large samples of citrus genotypes need to be evaluated to find and improve the genetic resources for producing better hybrid rootstocks. Two well-known tolerant (‘Cleopatra’ mandarin) and sensitive (‘Troyer’ citrange) cultivars, and 10 genetically diverse citrus genotypes from Iran were examined under four sodium chloride (NaCl) levels, including 0, 2, 4, and 6 dS m⁻¹, to screen and discover salt-tolerant genotypes. Salinity (especially at 6 dS m⁻¹) had a detrimental effect on plants by reducing relative water content (RWC; −27.34%), water potential (−220%), total chlorophyll content (−61.97%), and enhancing Na⁺ (500%), Cl⁻ (136%) concentration, as well as cell oxidative level (electrolyte leakage [EL; 61.92%], malondialdehyde [MDA; 64.05%]). In reaction to salinity, osmoprotectant content (soluble sugars [163%] and proline [101%]) and antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD; 336%], catalase [CAT; 53.54%], peroxidase [POD; 77.06%], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX; 421%]) increased dramatically especially at 6 dS m⁻¹. In addition, under different salinity levels, genotypes exhibited different responses, but ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and G5 exhibited the highest RWC, water potential, chlorophylls, soluble sugars, proline, and antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as the lowest Na⁺, Cl⁻ concentrations, EL, and MDA. Overall, G5 was identified as the genotype with the highest salt tolerance and can be used in gardens that have salt stress problems.

Although cashew nuts are universally edible, they pose a risk of allergic reactions to a few consumer groups. Germination of raw cashew nut enhanced their bioactive compounds and minerals by considerably reducing the anti-nutritional factors like phytic acid. Germinated raw cashews (sprouts and cotyledons) constitute a major biomass in cashew plantations, especially during monsoon, and are relished by the local habitants. However, consumption of cashew cotyledons after a certain stage of development is deemed to be unsuitable as they cause severe indigestion among humans. Thus, this experiment was carried out to determine the appropriate germination stages (stages I–V) of cashew for consumption and optimum temperature (35, 45 and 55 ± 1 °C) for drying these sprouts and cotyledons with maximum retention of nutrients. With the progression of sprouting and development, the protein and fat content gradually reduced, while certain minerals (iron and manganese) and bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids and anti-oxidant activities) increased throughout the germination process. During seed development, there was a significant rise in the mineral content of potassium, phosphorous, zinc, and copper. Higher temperature (55 ± 1 °C) affected the visual appearance (colour) as well as the internal quality, wherein the heat sensitive minerals such as iron and manganese were reduced compared to their respective stages dried at 45 ± 1 °C. Ultimately, it can be concluded that the cashew sprouts (stages I and II), dried at optimal temperature (45 ± 1 °C), were suitable for powder processing as they retained higher nutrients, colour values, and sensory properties making them a potential alternative for cashew kernel powder.

The primary objective of fruit growers is to achieve high yields of exceptional fruit quality that are very valuable in terms of nutrition and health. The misuse of chemical-based inputs that causes environmental contamination and human health risks is the main cause of soil degradation, which is a serious concern for the fruit business globally. A sustainable orchard can be established using eco-friendly practices that are an alternative to conventional farming. Application of plant-animal based manures and microbial consortium has the ability to restore and maintain the soil fertility. Utilisation of locally sourced ingredients to prepare traditional bio-elixirs like jeevamrit, ghanjeevamrit, and panchgavya etc. can help in boosting soil fertility, enhance microbial activity and contribute to overall sustainable agriculture. Stone fruit crops are an integral part of the temperate fruit industry. The current review aims to provide details about the organic practices in stone fruits that can be helpful in improving the soil eco-system and strengthening fruit nutritional qualities in orchards.

In this study, the antioxidant capacities, phenolic properties, and minerals of strawberries produced in four different districts of Konya/Türkiye were compared. The methanolic extracts were examined for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant capacities, assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phenolic compositions of the samples were analyzed using HPLC-PDA, with 25 phenolic standards. The mineral content of samples was analyzed using ICP-OES. The measured quantities of TPC and TFC ranged between 79.800 and 15.100 mg GAE/100 g and 5.600 and 10.000 mg QE/100 g, respectively. FRAP and DPPH values varied between 1.192 and 1.610 mM FeSO_4.7 H₂O/100 g FW and 2.691 and 4.239 mg/ml, respectively. The samples from the Yalıhüyük and Derbent regions were found to possess similar phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities, followed by the Bozkır and Seydişehir samples. Of the tested phenolic compounds, only six were detected as common components in all the samples, yet their quantities varied. p-OH benzoic acid was the major component, followed by pinocembrin, chrysin, t‑cinnamic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and gallic acid. K was found to be the most prevalent element in all samples, followed by Ca and Na. Although Derbent and Yalıhüyük strawberries were closely clustered, factor analysis indicated distinct groupings for each district. In conclusion, the distinct variations in phenolic composition across all samples suggest significant diversity influenced by regional factors, emphasizing the need for further exploration and understanding of these variations in strawberry cultivation.

This study aims to develop a spatial decision support system (SDSS) by evaluating climate, soil, and topography factors together with the help of a Geographical Information System (GIS) and by using this modelled SDSS to determine the potentially suitable areas where grape varieties with different ripening levels within the study area (Çatak, Turkey) can be grown. The study was carried out in the Çatak district, located in the south of Lake Van, between 4080000 and 4240000 north latitudes and 300000 and 370000 east longitudes (UTM WGS84) in eastern Turkey in 2021–2022. In the study, some important individual factors for vine growing such as the effect of heat summation (EHS), number of frost-free days, minimum winter temperature, aspect, slope, soil depth, and land use capability were evaluated using the GIS and weighted notation ratio result method, and based on this, a suitability analysis was carried out. It was determined that the distributions of the study area for first, second, and third suitability levels, respectively, were 0.72–26.05–52.50% for the earliest variety, 4.58–33.84–48.28% for the early variety, 1.15–22.56–58.47% for the mid-early varieties, 3.95–20.52–49.07% for the mid-season varieties, and 1.18–13.20–44.61% for the late variety. It was seen that the variables and the modelling used were effective in determining suitable areas for grape cultivation.

Knowledge of the level of the storage effect on the viability, germination capacity and the bioactive components of date palm pollen is important to identify the best conditions that can maintain its agronomic and medicinal properties for long-term preservation. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term storage on the pollen reproductive quality and the total polyphenol content of date palm pollen. Pollen of 24 male genotypes was collected for 3 successive years from 2017 to 2019 and stored at +4 °C. Alexander staining and in vitro germination were used to estimate pollen reproductive quality. The polyphenolic compounds were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The results showed that viability displayed a variation between the fresh and the stored pollen with a difference of 13.19, 8.11 and 3.96% for 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. Indeed, some male genotypes were characterized by the conservation of their pollen viability throughout the storage period. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference of pollen germination before and after storage. The acetone extracts recorded the highest content of total polyphenols with values varying between 11.37 and 19.43 mg GAE/L. The ANOVA showed that the polyphenol content of pollen date palm did not differ after storage time. The present study permitted a validation of the change of date palm pollen performance under +4 °C storage with high stability of its phytochemical properties. Overall, these results demonstrated that the storage method at the +4 °C temperature is very useful to maintain the bioactive compounds of date palm pollen. The results of the present study suggest that date palm pollen could be efficiently maintained at +4 °C for medicinal use and could be further used for breeding purposes.

This study aimed to determine the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in pecan production. Energy use efficiency indicators and greenhouse gas emission rates were calculated for the 2022–2023 production season. The energy input and output for pecan production were calculated to be 21,548.08 MJ ha⁻¹ and 73,812.43 MJ ha⁻¹, respectively. The energy use efficiency was found to be 3.43, with a specific energy of 5.07 MJ kg⁻¹, an energy productivity of 0.20 kg MJ⁻¹, and a net energy value of 52,264.35 MJ ha⁻¹. The direct energy required is 8209.46 MJ ha⁻¹ (38.10%), indirect energy is 13,338.61 MJ ha⁻¹ (61.90%), renewable energy is 290.95 MJ ha⁻¹ (1.35%) and non-renewable energy is 21,257.13 MJ ha⁻¹ (98.65%). The total greenhouse gas emissions were calculated to be 1356.05 kgCO_2‑eq ha⁻¹ and the greenhouse gas emission rate was 0.20 kgCO_2‑eq kg⁻¹.

The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and oxalic acid (OS) treatments in equal doses at two different times and single dose at one time in nectarine cultivar ‘Big Bang’. In particular, changing air temperatures due to climate change have increased the possibility of technological applications with different methods. Therefore, AVG (125 ppm) and OS (1 mM) applications 14 days before the estimated harvest, 62.5 ppm AVG 14 days before the estimated harvest +62.5 ppm AVG 7 days before the estimated harvest, and 0.5 mM OS 14 days before the estimated harvest +0.5 mM OS 7 days before the estimated harvest were sprayed on both the fruits and leaves of the trees. The effects of treatments at the average harvest time were examined in terms of fruit quality, ethylene production, and respiration rate as well as biochemical contents in fruit and leaves. As a result of the analyses and evaluations, it was determined that the effective doses of AVG (125 ppm) and OS (1 mM) and equal amounts of these doses in two applications before harvesting did not reduce the ripening delaying effect of AVG and OS, and increased the fruit quality components for both producers and consumers.

Understanding the physiological responses of apricot (Prunus armenica L.) seedlings to treatments involving Humic Acid (HA), Silicon (Si), and their combination (HA + Si) is crucial for advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Focused on growth parameters, physiological attributes, and leaf mineral concentrations, this study addressed critical knowledge gaps in the influence of these treatments on apricot seedlings. The study highlighted a significant increase in stomatal conductance (SC), with the combined HA + Si treatment displaying the highest SC value at 303.98 mmol.m^-2s^-1. In contrast, control seedlings of the Alyanak apricot cultivar showed the lowest SC, registering at 122.52 mmol.m^-2s^-1. Regarding chlorophyll concentrations, the Şekerpare apricot cultivar treated with HA + Si achieved the highest value of 43.74, while in the Alyanak apricot cultivar, the Si treatment alone marked the second highest concentration at 43.02. The combined treatment (HA + Si) also reduced leaf temperatures (32.28 °C), notably in apricot cultivar Hacıhaliloğlu. Visual evaluation analyses underscored significant increases in Leaf Area (LA), Total Leaf Number (TLN), Shoot Length (SL), and other parameters, with the combined HA + Si treatment consistently outperforming individual ones. Mineral analysis revealed elevated Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) with HA, increased Magnesium (Mg) with Si and HA + Si, and significant effects on Potassium (K) and Calcium (Ca). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the positive impacts on overall plant performance, corresponding to a cumulative explanation of 53.82%. This study provided crucial insights for tailoring agricultural practices to optimize apricot seedlings growth, emphasizing the effectiveness of HA and Si treatments, particularly in combination, for enhanced physiological responses.