Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01601-5
Xinyi Zhou, Ioanna Yiannakou, Mengjie Yuan, Martha R. Singer, Lynn L. Moore
Evidence on the long-term associations between common fats and oils and cardiometabolic health is lacking. We evaluated the associations of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Framingham Offspring cohort. We included 2459 subjects (≥30 years) with valid three-day food records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios for incident CVD and T2DM over ~18 years; analysis of covariance was used to estimate adjusted mean levels of CMR factors (adiposity, insulin resistance, fasting glucose, lipids) over four years associated with baseline intakes of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils. Higher intakes of butter (>5 vs. 0 g/day) were associated with less insulin resistance (p = 0.0011), higher HDL-C levels (p = 0.0021), lower triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.0032), and lower TG:HDL ratio (p = 0.0052), as well as a 31% lower risk of T2DM (95% CI: 0.49, 0.97). Higher margarine intakes (>7 vs. <2 g/day) were associated with a 29% increased risk of CVD (95% CI:1.02, 1.63) and a 41% increased risk of T2DM (95% CI:1.02, 1.95). Lastly, higher consumption of non-hydrogenated oils (>7 vs. ≤2 g/day) was associated with a 0.6 kg/m2 higher BMI and 8 mg/dL higher LDL-C levels. More than one teaspoon (5 g) of butter/day was beneficially associated with several CMR factors and a lower T2DM risk, while margarine was associated with an increased risk of both CVD and T2DM. These findings suggest butter may be a healthier dietary fat source for the benefit of CMR.
{"title":"Associations of common fats and oils with cardiometabolic health outcomes in the Framingham Offspring cohort","authors":"Xinyi Zhou, Ioanna Yiannakou, Mengjie Yuan, Martha R. Singer, Lynn L. Moore","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01601-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01601-5","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence on the long-term associations between common fats and oils and cardiometabolic health is lacking. We evaluated the associations of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Framingham Offspring cohort. We included 2459 subjects (≥30 years) with valid three-day food records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios for incident CVD and T2DM over ~18 years; analysis of covariance was used to estimate adjusted mean levels of CMR factors (adiposity, insulin resistance, fasting glucose, lipids) over four years associated with baseline intakes of butter, margarine, and non-hydrogenated oils. Higher intakes of butter (>5 vs. 0 g/day) were associated with less insulin resistance (p = 0.0011), higher HDL-C levels (p = 0.0021), lower triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.0032), and lower TG:HDL ratio (p = 0.0052), as well as a 31% lower risk of T2DM (95% CI: 0.49, 0.97). Higher margarine intakes (>7 vs. <2 g/day) were associated with a 29% increased risk of CVD (95% CI:1.02, 1.63) and a 41% increased risk of T2DM (95% CI:1.02, 1.95). Lastly, higher consumption of non-hydrogenated oils (>7 vs. ≤2 g/day) was associated with a 0.6 kg/m2 higher BMI and 8 mg/dL higher LDL-C levels. More than one teaspoon (5 g) of butter/day was beneficially associated with several CMR factors and a lower T2DM risk, while margarine was associated with an increased risk of both CVD and T2DM. These findings suggest butter may be a healthier dietary fat source for the benefit of CMR.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"904-911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micronutrient deficiency is a global public health concern, especially among the adolescents of developing countries including India. Folate, an essential B-vitamin plays an indispensable role in various physiological processes throughout life. This is a cross-sectional study to determine prevalence of folate insufficiency among North-Indian school-going adolescents of various socio-economic backgrounds. A total of 3129 healthy school-going adolescents from North India were selected for the study and circulatory folate levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Relationship of circulatory folate with various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Genetic determinants of folate levels in the study population were explored via both genome-wide and exome-wide association studies. Our results indicate higher prevalence (41%) of folate insufficiency in urban adolescents attending government-funded schools, with distinct relationship of folate levels, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric traits with varied socioeconomic strata. Girls exhibited a higher percentage of folate insufficiency than their male contemporaries. Results from genome-wide association study indicate significant associations of MYO1B (p = 5.13 × 10-7), CDH9 (p = 5.36 × 10–7), and PANK3 (p = 6.66 × 10–7) genes with folate levels in adolescents. Single variant analysis from exome-wide association analysis reaffirms the association of a previously reported variant in MTHFR gene (rs1801133; p = 1.87 × 10–6) along with identification of novel missense variants in KRT7 (rs2608009; p = 2.16 × 10–6 and rs6580870; p = 9.49 × 10–6) and AK9 (rs1406957; p = 4.76 × 10–6) genes. Our study highlights the importance of large-scale studies on prevalence of folate insufficiency and nutrigenomic regulation of folate levels in Indian population. Implementing multifaceted measures including food fortification, dietary diversification and health education in adolescents is crucial to combat folate deficiency in developing nations like India.
{"title":"Unraveling folate deficiency: prevalence, biochemical associations, genetic determinants, and strategies for adolescent health in North India","authors":"Janaki M. Nair, Shraddha Chakraborty, Khanmi Kasomva, Ganesh Chauhan, Sandeep Mathur, Analabha Basu, Nikhil Tandon, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01627-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01627-9","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiency is a global public health concern, especially among the adolescents of developing countries including India. Folate, an essential B-vitamin plays an indispensable role in various physiological processes throughout life. This is a cross-sectional study to determine prevalence of folate insufficiency among North-Indian school-going adolescents of various socio-economic backgrounds. A total of 3129 healthy school-going adolescents from North India were selected for the study and circulatory folate levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Relationship of circulatory folate with various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Genetic determinants of folate levels in the study population were explored via both genome-wide and exome-wide association studies. Our results indicate higher prevalence (41%) of folate insufficiency in urban adolescents attending government-funded schools, with distinct relationship of folate levels, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric traits with varied socioeconomic strata. Girls exhibited a higher percentage of folate insufficiency than their male contemporaries. Results from genome-wide association study indicate significant associations of MYO1B (p = 5.13 × 10-7), CDH9 (p = 5.36 × 10–7), and PANK3 (p = 6.66 × 10–7) genes with folate levels in adolescents. Single variant analysis from exome-wide association analysis reaffirms the association of a previously reported variant in MTHFR gene (rs1801133; p = 1.87 × 10–6) along with identification of novel missense variants in KRT7 (rs2608009; p = 2.16 × 10–6 and rs6580870; p = 9.49 × 10–6) and AK9 (rs1406957; p = 4.76 × 10–6) genes. Our study highlights the importance of large-scale studies on prevalence of folate insufficiency and nutrigenomic regulation of folate levels in Indian population. Implementing multifaceted measures including food fortification, dietary diversification and health education in adolescents is crucial to combat folate deficiency in developing nations like India.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"847-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Comment on “Meta-analysis of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of chronic kidney disease” by Chen et al. 2024","authors":"Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei, Farzam Kamrani, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01630-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01630-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 7","pages":"700-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01630-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01612-2
Tao Thi Tran, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim
Diet-induced acidosis is a determinant of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer susceptibility. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish a link between an acidogenic diet and cancer because the majority of previous studies were restricted to a case‒control design. We investigated whether the dietary acid load is involved in GI carcinogenicity. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 10,741 participants who attended check-ups from October 2007 to December 2020 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The participants were followed up until December 2020 to determine incident GI cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the dietary acid load, as reflected by the potential renal acid load (PRAL), the net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and net acid excretion (NAE), in relation to GI cancer risk. A total of 208 incident GI cancer cases were identified during the follow-up period. We observed a significantly increased GI cancer risk among male participants with high PRAL, NEAP, and NAE scores (hazard ratios (HRs) = 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–2.22), 1.51 (1.04–2.19), and 1.73 (1.18–2.53), respectively). Importantly, acidogenic foods seem to have detrimental effects even in individuals who are not obese. Our findings add substantial evidence to the argument that diet-dependent acid load plays certain roles in GI carcinogenesis, especially in males. Thus, attention should be given to the dietary acid‒base load for the prevention of GI cancer.
{"title":"The association of diet-dependent acid load with gastrointestinal cancer risk in the Cancer Screenee Cohort in Korea","authors":"Tao Thi Tran, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01612-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01612-2","url":null,"abstract":"Diet-induced acidosis is a determinant of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer susceptibility. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish a link between an acidogenic diet and cancer because the majority of previous studies were restricted to a case‒control design. We investigated whether the dietary acid load is involved in GI carcinogenicity. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 10,741 participants who attended check-ups from October 2007 to December 2020 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The participants were followed up until December 2020 to determine incident GI cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the dietary acid load, as reflected by the potential renal acid load (PRAL), the net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and net acid excretion (NAE), in relation to GI cancer risk. A total of 208 incident GI cancer cases were identified during the follow-up period. We observed a significantly increased GI cancer risk among male participants with high PRAL, NEAP, and NAE scores (hazard ratios (HRs) = 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–2.22), 1.51 (1.04–2.19), and 1.73 (1.18–2.53), respectively). Importantly, acidogenic foods seem to have detrimental effects even in individuals who are not obese. Our findings add substantial evidence to the argument that diet-dependent acid load plays certain roles in GI carcinogenesis, especially in males. Thus, attention should be given to the dietary acid‒base load for the prevention of GI cancer.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"921-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01628-8
Peipei Hu, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Qian Li, Lai-Shan Tam, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, Paul Kwok-Ming Poon, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip
Although the Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on heart health, cognitive function, cancer, and other chronic diseases, little is known about its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to MD and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis RA. We conducted a cohort study and a systematic review. A total of 117,341 RA-free participants from the UK Biobank were included in 2006–2010 and followed for incident RA until 2021. The MEDI-LITE score was calculated using the consumption of nine food components to estimate adherence to MD. We examined the associations between the MEDI-LITE score and the risk of RA using the Cox proportional hazard model. Relevant studies for the systematic review were identified through six databases. We performed a meta-analysis to pool the effect estimates from our cohort study and identified relevant studies. During a median follow-up of 9.42 years, 773 participants developed RA. Compared with the bottom quartile of the MEDI-LITE score, the risk of RA was lower in the highest quartile (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.713, 95% CI = 0.580 to 0.876). Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest adherence to MD and the risk of RA was 0.838 (95% CI = 0.758 to 0.926). Higher adherence to MD was associated with a lower risk of RA. Our finding provides updated evidence on the importance of diet in RA development and novel directions for RA prevention.
背景：虽然地中海饮食（MD）对心脏健康、认知功能、癌症和其他慢性疾病有有益的影响，但对类风湿关节炎（RA）的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在研究坚持MD与类风湿关节炎（RA）风险之间的关系。方法：我们进行了队列研究和系统评价。2006-2010年，共有117,341名来自英国生物银行的无RA参与者被纳入研究，并随访至2021年。MEDI-LITE评分是通过九种食物成分的摄入来计算的，以估计对MD的依从性。我们使用Cox比例风险模型检查了MEDI-LITE评分与RA风险之间的关系。通过六个数据库确定了系统评价的相关研究。我们进行了荟萃分析，汇总了我们队列研究的效果估计，并确定了相关研究。结果：在9.42年的中位随访期间，773名参与者发展为RA。与medii - lite评分的最低四分位数相比，最高四分位数的RA风险较低（校正风险比(HR) = 0.713, 95% CI = 0.580 ~ 0.876）。meta分析纳入了6项研究。MD依从性最高与最低以及RA风险的合并优势比（OR）为0.838 （95% CI = 0.758至0.926）。结论：较高的MD依从性与较低的RA风险相关。我们的发现为饮食在类风湿性关节炎发病中的重要性提供了最新证据，并为预防类风湿性关节炎提供了新的方向。
{"title":"Mediterranean diet and rheumatoid arthritis: A nine-year cohort study and systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Peipei Hu, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Qian Li, Lai-Shan Tam, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, Paul Kwok-Ming Poon, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01628-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01628-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on heart health, cognitive function, cancer, and other chronic diseases, little is known about its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to MD and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis RA. We conducted a cohort study and a systematic review. A total of 117,341 RA-free participants from the UK Biobank were included in 2006–2010 and followed for incident RA until 2021. The MEDI-LITE score was calculated using the consumption of nine food components to estimate adherence to MD. We examined the associations between the MEDI-LITE score and the risk of RA using the Cox proportional hazard model. Relevant studies for the systematic review were identified through six databases. We performed a meta-analysis to pool the effect estimates from our cohort study and identified relevant studies. During a median follow-up of 9.42 years, 773 participants developed RA. Compared with the bottom quartile of the MEDI-LITE score, the risk of RA was lower in the highest quartile (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.713, 95% CI = 0.580 to 0.876). Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest adherence to MD and the risk of RA was 0.838 (95% CI = 0.758 to 0.926). Higher adherence to MD was associated with a lower risk of RA. Our finding provides updated evidence on the importance of diet in RA development and novel directions for RA prevention.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"888-896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01628-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01619-9
Francesca Parisi, Chiara Coco, Giovanna Esposito, Stefano Guerriero, Valeria Savasi, Luca Marozio, Felice Petraglia, Arsenio Spinillo, Maurizio Guida, Giampiero Capobianco, Nicoletta Di Simone, Maddalena Morlando, Rosario D’anna, Luigi Nappi, Irene Cetin, the SIMPLE study group
To evaluate associations between the first trimester SIMPLE nutritional score, early placental markers, and pregnancy outcome. This is a longitudinal prospective multicenter observational cohort study recruiting healthy women with no comorbidities and singleton viable pregnancies undergoing first trimester prenatal screening. The SIMPLE nutritional score, biochemical (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-a), free ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)) and ultrasound (placental volume, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry) markers of placental function were collected at enrollment. Birth outcomes were collected at delivery. Main Outcome Measures: Multivariate generalized linear and logistic regression models were performed to investigate associations between SIMPLE score subgroups (<6 versus ≥6) and items, placental markers, and pregnancy outcomes. Out of 2363 women enrolled, 325 were classified at high nutritional risk based on a first trimester SIMPLE score lower than 6. Multi-adjusted models showed that the SIMPLE score subgroup was significantly associated with first trimester PAPP-a concentrations (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: β = 0.047 (95% CI 0.004;0.089), p < 0.05), as well as with the emergency cesarean section rates (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: aOR = 0.73 (95% CI −1.38;−0.07), p < 0.05). The single item related to the first trimester hemoglobin concentrations higher than 110 g/L was significantly associated with early placental markers, birth (β = −116.2 (95% CI −213.6;18.7), p < 0.05) and placental weights (β = −28.2 (95% CI −50.4;6.0), p < 0.05) in multi-adjusted models. The observed associations support the introduction of the SIMPLE score in clinical practice as a useful tool for predicting early placental development and pregnancy outcome.
目的：评价妊娠早期SIMPLE营养评分、早期胎盘标志物和妊娠结局之间的关系。方法：这是一项纵向前瞻性多中心观察队列研究，招募无合并症和单胎妊娠的健康妇女进行妊娠早期产前筛查。入组时采集SIMPLE营养评分、生化指标（妊娠相关血浆蛋白A （pap - A）、游离ß-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG））和超声指标（胎盘体积、子宫动脉多普勒测速）。分娩时收集分娩结果。主要结果测量：采用多变量广义线性和逻辑回归模型来调查SIMPLE评分亚组之间的关联(结果：在2363名入组妇女中，325名根据妊娠早期SIMPLE评分低于6分被划分为高营养风险。多重调整模型显示，SIMPLE评分亚组与妊娠早期PAPP-a浓度显著相关(SIMPLE评分≥6 vs .结论：观察到的关联支持将SIMPLE评分引入临床实践，作为预测早期胎盘发育和妊娠结局的有用工具。
{"title":"Maternal first trimester SIMPLE nutritional score, early markers of placental function and pregnancy outcome: a prospective multicenter Italian study (SIMPLE study)","authors":"Francesca Parisi, Chiara Coco, Giovanna Esposito, Stefano Guerriero, Valeria Savasi, Luca Marozio, Felice Petraglia, Arsenio Spinillo, Maurizio Guida, Giampiero Capobianco, Nicoletta Di Simone, Maddalena Morlando, Rosario D’anna, Luigi Nappi, Irene Cetin, the SIMPLE study group","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01619-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01619-9","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate associations between the first trimester SIMPLE nutritional score, early placental markers, and pregnancy outcome. This is a longitudinal prospective multicenter observational cohort study recruiting healthy women with no comorbidities and singleton viable pregnancies undergoing first trimester prenatal screening. The SIMPLE nutritional score, biochemical (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-a), free ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG)) and ultrasound (placental volume, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry) markers of placental function were collected at enrollment. Birth outcomes were collected at delivery. Main Outcome Measures: Multivariate generalized linear and logistic regression models were performed to investigate associations between SIMPLE score subgroups (<6 versus ≥6) and items, placental markers, and pregnancy outcomes. Out of 2363 women enrolled, 325 were classified at high nutritional risk based on a first trimester SIMPLE score lower than 6. Multi-adjusted models showed that the SIMPLE score subgroup was significantly associated with first trimester PAPP-a concentrations (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: β = 0.047 (95% CI 0.004;0.089), p < 0.05), as well as with the emergency cesarean section rates (SIMPLE score ≥6 versus <6: aOR = 0.73 (95% CI −1.38;−0.07), p < 0.05). The single item related to the first trimester hemoglobin concentrations higher than 110 g/L was significantly associated with early placental markers, birth (β = −116.2 (95% CI −213.6;18.7), p < 0.05) and placental weights (β = −28.2 (95% CI −50.4;6.0), p < 0.05) in multi-adjusted models. The observed associations support the introduction of the SIMPLE score in clinical practice as a useful tool for predicting early placental development and pregnancy outcome.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"855-862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01619-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01617-x
Suzannah Helps, Gillian Mancz, Taraneh Dean
To describe the introduction of highly allergenic foods in a UK population sample, and to determine whether the introduction of highly allergenic foods differed in infants with family history of allergy. A population birth cohort study recruited eligible pregnant women while they were attending an antenatal ultrasound clinic appointment at a UK city hospital. Parent-reported family history of allergy and infant diet were collected through structured interviews at recruitment and postal questionnaires. Parents reported on their infants’ diet and introduction of highly allergenic foods at around 6 months (n = 216) and around 12 months (n = 193), and infant diet around 24 months of age (n = 139). Most highly allergenic foods were introduced to infants at around 6–9 months. However, nut and egg were introduced much later, and 21% of children had not been exposed to egg and 35% of infants had not been exposed to nuts by 12 months. Family history of allergy did not predict late introduction of any of the highly allergenic foods but infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy (most commonly dairy, soya, egg and nuts). The introduction of egg and nuts was delayed beyond one year of age in a large proportion of infants, and infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy. These could be modifiable risk factors for allergy development.
{"title":"Introduction time of highly allergenic foods to the infant diet in a UK cohort and association with a family history of allergy","authors":"Suzannah Helps, Gillian Mancz, Taraneh Dean","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01617-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01617-x","url":null,"abstract":"To describe the introduction of highly allergenic foods in a UK population sample, and to determine whether the introduction of highly allergenic foods differed in infants with family history of allergy. A population birth cohort study recruited eligible pregnant women while they were attending an antenatal ultrasound clinic appointment at a UK city hospital. Parent-reported family history of allergy and infant diet were collected through structured interviews at recruitment and postal questionnaires. Parents reported on their infants’ diet and introduction of highly allergenic foods at around 6 months (n = 216) and around 12 months (n = 193), and infant diet around 24 months of age (n = 139). Most highly allergenic foods were introduced to infants at around 6–9 months. However, nut and egg were introduced much later, and 21% of children had not been exposed to egg and 35% of infants had not been exposed to nuts by 12 months. Family history of allergy did not predict late introduction of any of the highly allergenic foods but infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy (most commonly dairy, soya, egg and nuts). The introduction of egg and nuts was delayed beyond one year of age in a large proportion of infants, and infants with a family history of allergy were more likely to have diets that avoided foods due to allergy. These could be modifiable risk factors for allergy development.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"912-920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01617-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-28DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01622-0
Sara Asadi, Sara Grafenauer, Claire V. Burley, Caroline Fitzgerald, Peter Humburg, Belinda J. Parmenter
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various dietary interventions on managing osteoarthritis (OA), a condition significantly affecting global health due to joint alterations driven by inflammatory mediators. A systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, examined Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) investigating dietary interventions in OA. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Random effects models calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD). Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB2), and heterogeneity was assessed using I² values. Nine RCTs (898 participants) were identified, assessing various diets: reduced energy (n = 4), Mediterranean (n = 2), low-fat (n = 2), anti-inflammatory (n = 1), low-carbohydrate (n = 1), and plant-based (n = 1). Dietary interventions significantly improved pain (SMD: –0.67; 95% CI: [–1.01, –0.34]; p < 0.0001), and physical function (SMD: –0.62; 95% CI: [–0.94, –0.30]; p = 0.0001) and body weight (MD: –3.18; 95% CI: [–3.52, –2.83], p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed reduced energy diets improved pain (SMD: –0.85; 95% CI: [–1.15, –0.55], p < 0.0001), physical function (SMD: –0.95; 95% CI: [–1.33, –0.58], p < 0.0001) and body weight (MD: –3.13; 95% CI: [–3.77, –2.49], p < 0.0001). The Mediterranean diet did not significantly impact pain (SMD: –0.27; 95% CI: [–1.14, 0.60], P = 0.54), or physical function (SMD = –0.28; 95% CI: [–0.79, 0.24], p = 0.29). This study emphasizes the significant impact of dietary interventions on pain, physical function, and weight management in people with OA, with reduced energy diets showing the most effectiveness. Specific dietary patterns show promise but require further investigation.
{"title":"The effectiveness of dietary intervention in osteoarthritis management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Sara Asadi, Sara Grafenauer, Claire V. Burley, Caroline Fitzgerald, Peter Humburg, Belinda J. Parmenter","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01622-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01622-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various dietary interventions on managing osteoarthritis (OA), a condition significantly affecting global health due to joint alterations driven by inflammatory mediators. A systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, examined Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) investigating dietary interventions in OA. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Random effects models calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD). Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB2), and heterogeneity was assessed using I² values. Nine RCTs (898 participants) were identified, assessing various diets: reduced energy (n = 4), Mediterranean (n = 2), low-fat (n = 2), anti-inflammatory (n = 1), low-carbohydrate (n = 1), and plant-based (n = 1). Dietary interventions significantly improved pain (SMD: –0.67; 95% CI: [–1.01, –0.34]; p < 0.0001), and physical function (SMD: –0.62; 95% CI: [–0.94, –0.30]; p = 0.0001) and body weight (MD: –3.18; 95% CI: [–3.52, –2.83], p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed reduced energy diets improved pain (SMD: –0.85; 95% CI: [–1.15, –0.55], p < 0.0001), physical function (SMD: –0.95; 95% CI: [–1.33, –0.58], p < 0.0001) and body weight (MD: –3.13; 95% CI: [–3.77, –2.49], p < 0.0001). The Mediterranean diet did not significantly impact pain (SMD: –0.27; 95% CI: [–1.14, 0.60], P = 0.54), or physical function (SMD = –0.28; 95% CI: [–0.79, 0.24], p = 0.29). This study emphasizes the significant impact of dietary interventions on pain, physical function, and weight management in people with OA, with reduced energy diets showing the most effectiveness. Specific dietary patterns show promise but require further investigation.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 10","pages":"959-971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01622-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01626-w
Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Maryam Baharlooie, Reza Bagheri, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Heitor O. Santos
Obesity can impair cardiometabolism, but low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) may be beneficial for mitigating risk. We aimed to investigate the effects of LCDs versus low-fat diets (LFDs), under hypocaloric conditions, on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in individuals with overweight/obesity. Secondarily, we assessed other cardiovascular markers (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein [CRP], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC]), and anthropometric and body composition measurements. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through May 2023 for studies involving hypocaloric LCDs versus LFDs on FMD. Meta-analyses were conducted for LCDs vs. LFDs to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD), including 10 studies reporting FMD (n = 475). Overall, hypocaloric LCDs resulted in a non-significant decrease in FMD compared with hypocaloric LFDs [WMD = −1.04% (95% CI −2.28 to 0.20), p = 0.10], while very-low-carbohydrate diets (VLCDs) significantly reduced FMD when compared with LFDs [WMD = −2.12% (95% CI: −3.35 to −0.9) p = 0.001]. LCDs did not change anthropometric and body composition measurements, nor CRP, blood pressure, HDL, or TC when compared with LFDs. However, LCDs significantly decreased TG [WMD = −19.94 mg/dL (95% CI −31.83 to −8.06), p = 0.001] and increased LDL [WMD = 20.00 mg/dL (95% CI 14.09 to 25.90), p = 0.001] when compared with LFDs. In conclusion, LCDs did not exert superior effects on cardiovascular markers or body composition when compared with LFDs in individuals with overweight or obesity, but LCDs reduced TG and increased LDL levels more than LFDs. Yet, vascular function (FMD) was reduced primarily for VLCDs.
{"title":"Hypocaloric low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets on flow-mediated dilation, blood pressure, cardiovascular biomarkers, and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Maryam Baharlooie, Reza Bagheri, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Heitor O. Santos","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01626-w","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity can impair cardiometabolism, but low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) may be beneficial for mitigating risk. We aimed to investigate the effects of LCDs versus low-fat diets (LFDs), under hypocaloric conditions, on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in individuals with overweight/obesity. Secondarily, we assessed other cardiovascular markers (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein [CRP], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC]), and anthropometric and body composition measurements. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through May 2023 for studies involving hypocaloric LCDs versus LFDs on FMD. Meta-analyses were conducted for LCDs vs. LFDs to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD), including 10 studies reporting FMD (n = 475). Overall, hypocaloric LCDs resulted in a non-significant decrease in FMD compared with hypocaloric LFDs [WMD = −1.04% (95% CI −2.28 to 0.20), p = 0.10], while very-low-carbohydrate diets (VLCDs) significantly reduced FMD when compared with LFDs [WMD = −2.12% (95% CI: −3.35 to −0.9) p = 0.001]. LCDs did not change anthropometric and body composition measurements, nor CRP, blood pressure, HDL, or TC when compared with LFDs. However, LCDs significantly decreased TG [WMD = −19.94 mg/dL (95% CI −31.83 to −8.06), p = 0.001] and increased LDL [WMD = 20.00 mg/dL (95% CI 14.09 to 25.90), p = 0.001] when compared with LFDs. In conclusion, LCDs did not exert superior effects on cardiovascular markers or body composition when compared with LFDs in individuals with overweight or obesity, but LCDs reduced TG and increased LDL levels more than LFDs. Yet, vascular function (FMD) was reduced primarily for VLCDs.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 10","pages":"945-958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01625-x
Andrea J. Glenn, Anne-Julie Tessier, Meaghan E. Kavanagh, Gloria A. Morgan, Clary B. Clish, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Vasanti S. Malik, Anthony J. Hanley, Richard P. Bazinet, Elena M. Comelli, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Simin Liu, Beatrice A. Boucher, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, Frank B. Hu, John L. Sievenpiper
Objective biomarkers of diet, such as metabolomics, may improve dietary assessment and provide additional insight into how diet influences disease risk. The portfolio diet, a cholesterol-lowering plant-based diet, is recommended for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This diet is low in saturated fat and includes nuts, plant protein (legumes), viscous fiber, and phytosterols. We examined metabolomic profiles in response to the portfolio diet in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where all foods were provided to the participants, compared to a control vegetarian diet and the same control diet with a statin. The first RCT included 34 adults (age 58.4 ± 8.6 y) and the second RCT included 25 adults (age 61.0 ± 9.6 y), all with high LDL-C (>4.1 mmol/L). Plasma samples were obtained at baseline, week 2, and week 4 in both RCTs for metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to examine effects of the interventions on the metabolites in each RCT, applying a Bonferroni correction. Of 496 known metabolites, 145 and 63 metabolites significantly changed within the portfolio diet interventions in the first and second RCT, respectively. The majority were glycerophosphocholines (32%), triacylglycerols (20%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (14%), sphingomyelins (8%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the first RCT, and glycerophosphocholines (48%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (17%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the second RCT. Fifty-two metabolites were consistently changed in the same direction with the portfolio diet intervention across both RCTs, after Bonferroni correction. Many of these metabolites likely reflect the plant-based nature, low saturated fat content, and cholesterol-lowering effects of the diet, such as increased N2-acetylornithine, L-pipecolic acid, lenticin, and decreased C18:0 lipids and cholesteryl esters. Further research is needed to validate these metabolites as biomarkers of a plant-based dietary pattern.
{"title":"Metabolomic profiling of a cholesterol lowering plant-based diet from two randomized controlled feeding trials","authors":"Andrea J. Glenn, Anne-Julie Tessier, Meaghan E. Kavanagh, Gloria A. Morgan, Clary B. Clish, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Vasanti S. Malik, Anthony J. Hanley, Richard P. Bazinet, Elena M. Comelli, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Simin Liu, Beatrice A. Boucher, Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J. A. Jenkins, Frank B. Hu, John L. Sievenpiper","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01625-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01625-x","url":null,"abstract":"Objective biomarkers of diet, such as metabolomics, may improve dietary assessment and provide additional insight into how diet influences disease risk. The portfolio diet, a cholesterol-lowering plant-based diet, is recommended for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This diet is low in saturated fat and includes nuts, plant protein (legumes), viscous fiber, and phytosterols. We examined metabolomic profiles in response to the portfolio diet in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where all foods were provided to the participants, compared to a control vegetarian diet and the same control diet with a statin. The first RCT included 34 adults (age 58.4 ± 8.6 y) and the second RCT included 25 adults (age 61.0 ± 9.6 y), all with high LDL-C (>4.1 mmol/L). Plasma samples were obtained at baseline, week 2, and week 4 in both RCTs for metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to examine effects of the interventions on the metabolites in each RCT, applying a Bonferroni correction. Of 496 known metabolites, 145 and 63 metabolites significantly changed within the portfolio diet interventions in the first and second RCT, respectively. The majority were glycerophosphocholines (32%), triacylglycerols (20%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (14%), sphingomyelins (8%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the first RCT, and glycerophosphocholines (48%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (17%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the second RCT. Fifty-two metabolites were consistently changed in the same direction with the portfolio diet intervention across both RCTs, after Bonferroni correction. Many of these metabolites likely reflect the plant-based nature, low saturated fat content, and cholesterol-lowering effects of the diet, such as increased N2-acetylornithine, L-pipecolic acid, lenticin, and decreased C18:0 lipids and cholesteryl esters. Further research is needed to validate these metabolites as biomarkers of a plant-based dietary pattern.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 9","pages":"863-875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01625-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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