Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111
A. Sarr, S. Dieng, M. Séne, Charlot Diatta, Kady Diatta-Badji, W. Diatta, A. Fall
Background: Native to West Africa, Cola nitida is a tropical tree of about 8-12 in height that grows in lowland rainforest. This plant is best known in Africa for its seeds, used in phytotherapy but for their socio-cultural importance. Aims/Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of condensed tannins of Cola nitida seeds by carrying out two antioxidant tests (DPPH and FRAP). Methods: From a hydro-ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds, two samples were made. One treated with casein (EC) and another one without treatment (EWC). The researsh of condensed tannins were carried out by precipitation with Stiasny reagent. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the antioxidant power by DPPH and FRAP tests. Results: Extract without treatment (EWC) showed more antioxidant activity than the extract treated with casein (EC). Thus, the IC50 of EWC which contains condensed tannins was 5.54±0.005 µg/ml, while that of EC (without condensed tannins) reached 61.92±0.165 µg/ml. Conclusion: Cola nitida seeds are rich in condensed tannins that play an important role in the antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Role of Condensed Tannins in the Antioxidant Activity of Seeds of Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae)","authors":"A. Sarr, S. Dieng, M. Séne, Charlot Diatta, Kady Diatta-Badji, W. Diatta, A. Fall","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Native to West Africa, Cola nitida is a tropical tree of about 8-12 in height that grows in lowland rainforest. This plant is best known in Africa for its seeds, used in phytotherapy but for their socio-cultural importance. \u0000Aims/Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of condensed tannins of Cola nitida seeds by carrying out two antioxidant tests (DPPH and FRAP). \u0000Methods: From a hydro-ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds, two samples were made. One treated with casein (EC) and another one without treatment (EWC). The researsh of condensed tannins were carried out by precipitation with Stiasny reagent. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the antioxidant power by DPPH and FRAP tests. \u0000Results: Extract without treatment (EWC) showed more antioxidant activity than the extract treated with casein (EC). Thus, the IC50 of EWC which contains condensed tannins was 5.54±0.005 µg/ml, while that of EC (without condensed tannins) reached 61.92±0.165 µg/ml. \u0000Conclusion: Cola nitida seeds are rich in condensed tannins that play an important role in the antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74668465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110
Shirlei Sztormowski, K. Kleibert, Greissi Tatieli Franke Tremêa, Simony C. Beber, Lenara Schalanski Krause, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, C. Colet
Introduction: common mental disorders whose symptoms are not early identified can turn into more serious illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and mood disorder. The literature presents the use of rosemary as a form of treatment of physical and mental illnesses, including depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with different doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on symptoms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated people and prison workers. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. The intervention was carried out using rosemary extract doses at 100, 500, and 1000 mg day-1 in groups composed of 10 participants, for 3 months. A 20-item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of CMD. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,973,589. Results: The treatments with rosemary extract at 500 and 1000 mg day-1 showed statistically significant results for reducing CMD symptoms when compared to the those found at the beginning of the research. Conclusion: The use of rosemary extract was effective to reduce CMD in the evaluated prison staff and incarcerated people, especially when used at doses of 500 and 1000 mg day-1, and presented safety, as the participants did not experience side effects.
{"title":"Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis on Mental Disorder Symptoms in Incarcerated People and Prison Workers","authors":"Shirlei Sztormowski, K. Kleibert, Greissi Tatieli Franke Tremêa, Simony C. Beber, Lenara Schalanski Krause, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, C. Colet","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: common mental disorders whose symptoms are not early identified can turn into more serious illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and mood disorder. The literature presents the use of rosemary as a form of treatment of physical and mental illnesses, including depression. \u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with different doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on symptoms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated people and prison workers. \u0000Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. The intervention was carried out using rosemary extract doses at 100, 500, and 1000 mg day-1 in groups composed of 10 participants, for 3 months. A 20-item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of CMD. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,973,589. \u0000Results: The treatments with rosemary extract at 500 and 1000 mg day-1 showed statistically significant results for reducing CMD symptoms when compared to the those found at the beginning of the research. \u0000Conclusion: The use of rosemary extract was effective to reduce CMD in the evaluated prison staff and incarcerated people, especially when used at doses of 500 and 1000 mg day-1, and presented safety, as the participants did not experience side effects.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"187 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91496367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121109
Don Dinesh Nanditha Amarasekara, Isiwara A. Ratnayake, Jayani J. Wewalwela, W. U. N. Gamage
COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread across the world causing a global health crisis. Due to the paucity of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for the identification of safe and effective treatments for this global pandemic. Thus, existing anti-viral and immunosuppressive drugs, are being evaluated as potential candidates and also an extensive amount of research is being conducted to develop novel therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Since ancient times natural products have been used as a treatment for a variety of diseases and to aid in the synthetic drug development process. The phytochemical constituents of Pomegranate have been extensively investigated in the past decade for their anti-tumor activity. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on how the major phytochemicals of pomegranate such as delphinidin, cyanidin, ellagitannin, and punicalagin could be utilized as pharmacological agents to suppress SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication, and immunological sequences that give rise to ARDS, based on current knowledge of interactome between host cells and SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 uses various biological mechanisms to modulate immune reactions, uncontrolled gene expression, and cell invasion to improve their survival inside the human host cells similar to those observed in certain tumors. Existing evidence suggests that certain tumors and SARS-CoV-2 use similar biological pathways for human cell invasion. Therefore, this review utilizes the findings of existing tumor-related research which describe how pomegranate extract interacts with various biological pathways associated with tumor suppression as indirect evidence for its ability to act as a potential therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate in SARS-CoV-2 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)","authors":"Don Dinesh Nanditha Amarasekara, Isiwara A. Ratnayake, Jayani J. Wewalwela, W. U. N. Gamage","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121109","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread across the world causing a global health crisis. Due to the paucity of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for the identification of safe and effective treatments for this global pandemic. Thus, existing anti-viral and immunosuppressive drugs, are being evaluated as potential candidates and also an extensive amount of research is being conducted to develop novel therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Since ancient times natural products have been used as a treatment for a variety of diseases and to aid in the synthetic drug development process. The phytochemical constituents of Pomegranate have been extensively investigated in the past decade for their anti-tumor activity. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on how the major phytochemicals of pomegranate such as delphinidin, cyanidin, ellagitannin, and punicalagin could be utilized as pharmacological agents to suppress SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication, and immunological sequences that give rise to ARDS, based on current knowledge of interactome between host cells and SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 uses various biological mechanisms to modulate immune reactions, uncontrolled gene expression, and cell invasion to improve their survival inside the human host cells similar to those observed in certain tumors. Existing evidence suggests that certain tumors and SARS-CoV-2 use similar biological pathways for human cell invasion. Therefore, this review utilizes the findings of existing tumor-related research which describe how pomegranate extract interacts with various biological pathways associated with tumor suppression as indirect evidence for its ability to act as a potential therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82958448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111108
F. Asmelash, Hailu Atnafu, Sisay Wube
We determined the distribution and abundance of Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich in the Shewa floristic region, Ethiopia. We also carried out a mesh-house experiment to know whether T. abyssinica is able to survive and grow in any soil. From the nine potential locations we made exploration, T. abyssinca populations were found only in the two, Lemen and Mojo. The abundance of mature individuals was estimated to be more than 600/hectare. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that soil does not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on seedlings survival rate. However, it was found to have significant (p<0.05) effects on seedlings growth, root nodulation, and root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. Seedlings grown on the soil collected from Lemen and Mojo produced significantly (p<0.05) more number of leaves and grew better than those grown on Addis Ababa (where the species was never reported to grow) soil. The root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Addis Ababa soil was found to be significantly (p<0.05) and 38.89% and 54.17% lower than the root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Lemen and Mojo soils respectively. We report that T. abyssinica is N-fixer and arbuscular mycorrhizal. Seedlings grown on the Addis Ababa soil were not colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi while those grown on Lemen and Mojo soils were. Although the estimated abundance of mature T. abyssinica individuals was high, there is continued exploitation of the species and habitat loss is imminent. Therefore, integrated conservation program by way of ex situ conservation, in situ conservation, and cultivation should be implemented. Taverniera abyssinica could be cultivated in areas with leptosol and degraded vertisol soils with slightly acidic to basic pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could play key role in future conservation and cultivation efforts of the species.
测定了埃塞俄比亚谢瓦区Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich的分布和丰度。我们还进行了网箱试验，以了解T. abyssinica是否能够在任何土壤中生存和生长。在我们探索的9个潜在地点中，只在Lemen和Mojo这两个地方发现了abyssinca种群。成熟个体的丰度估计在600以上/公顷。单因素方差分析结果表明，土壤对幼苗成活率无显著影响(p < 0.05)。但对幼苗生长、根结瘤和根丛枝菌根真菌定植有显著影响(p<0.05)。在Lemen和Mojo收集的土壤上生长的幼苗比在亚的斯亚贝巴(亚的斯亚贝巴从未报道过该物种的生长)土壤上生长的幼苗产生的叶片数量显著(p<0.05)更多，生长状况更好。亚的斯亚贝巴土壤幼苗的根鲜重显著低于Lemen土壤和Mojo土壤幼苗的根鲜重(p<0.05)，分别低38.89%和54.17%。我们报道了金黄色葡萄球菌是固氮剂和丛枝菌根。生长在亚的斯亚贝巴土壤上的幼苗没有被丛枝菌根真菌定植，而生长在Lemen和Mojo土壤上的幼苗则有。虽然估计成熟的深草个体的丰度很高，但物种的持续开发和栖息地的丧失迫在眉睫。因此，应实施迁地保护、原地保护和培育相结合的综合保护方案。在微酸性至碱性的薄土壤和退化的垂直土壤中均可种植深草，丛枝菌根真菌在该物种的保护和栽培中将发挥关键作用。
{"title":"Exploration and Assessment on the Agronomic Requirement of Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich: A Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant of Ethiopia","authors":"F. Asmelash, Hailu Atnafu, Sisay Wube","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111108","url":null,"abstract":"We determined the distribution and abundance of Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich in the Shewa floristic region, Ethiopia. We also carried out a mesh-house experiment to know whether T. abyssinica is able to survive and grow in any soil. From the nine potential locations we made exploration, T. abyssinca populations were found only in the two, Lemen and Mojo. The abundance of mature individuals was estimated to be more than 600/hectare. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that soil does not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on seedlings survival rate. However, it was found to have significant (p<0.05) effects on seedlings growth, root nodulation, and root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. Seedlings grown on the soil collected from Lemen and Mojo produced significantly (p<0.05) more number of leaves and grew better than those grown on Addis Ababa (where the species was never reported to grow) soil. The root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Addis Ababa soil was found to be significantly (p<0.05) and 38.89% and 54.17% lower than the root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Lemen and Mojo soils respectively. We report that T. abyssinica is N-fixer and arbuscular mycorrhizal. Seedlings grown on the Addis Ababa soil were not colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi while those grown on Lemen and Mojo soils were. Although the estimated abundance of mature T. abyssinica individuals was high, there is continued exploitation of the species and habitat loss is imminent. Therefore, integrated conservation program by way of ex situ conservation, in situ conservation, and cultivation should be implemented. Taverniera abyssinica could be cultivated in areas with leptosol and degraded vertisol soils with slightly acidic to basic pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could play key role in future conservation and cultivation efforts of the species.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83531299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-12DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111107
O. I. Bello, M. Ayoola, Oluwafunke Obembe, K. Akinwunmi
Aims: To evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy and safety of the methanol extract of the combination of Senecio biafrae leaf, Xylopia aethiopica fruit, Carica papaya seed and Spondias mombin stem bark mixed together in ratio 1:1:1:1 Study Design: Extract of medicinal plants was assayed using glucose and streptozotocin-induced herperglycaemic rats model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Nigeria, between May, 2019 and January, 2022. Methodology: The extract of the combined plant parts was tested for toxicity in rats while its effects on glucose level, blood and biochemical components were also assessed. Its in-vitro anti-hyperglycaemic activity was assayed in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory models while its in-vivo effects were tested in glucose and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also carried out. Results: The extract did not show any adverse effects on blood sugar levels, haematological and biochemical parameters in normal rats in sub acute toxicity tests. The extract gave comparable (p > 0.05) α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects to acarbose. In glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats, its 100 mg/kg was the most effective dose with 19, 40, 43, and 57% activity that was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the 10, 18, 24, and 40% activity given by glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) at the same time points. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic assay, its 50 mg/kg showed 31, 85, 85 and 82 % effects on days 4, 7, 10 and 14, respectively that was significantly higher than its 100 mg/kg and glibenclamide on days 7 and 10. The extract also elicited high free radical scavenging effects in all the antioxidant assays. Conclusion: The extract of the combination of four Nigerian antidiabetic plants mixed together in equal ratio gave significantly better antidiabetic activity at low doses than the individual plants without toxic effects.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Toxicity Studies of the Extract of Four Nigerian Medicinal Plants","authors":"O. I. Bello, M. Ayoola, Oluwafunke Obembe, K. Akinwunmi","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111107","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy and safety of the methanol extract of the combination of Senecio biafrae leaf, Xylopia aethiopica fruit, Carica papaya seed and Spondias mombin stem bark mixed together in ratio 1:1:1:1 \u0000Study Design: Extract of medicinal plants was assayed using glucose and streptozotocin-induced herperglycaemic rats model. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, IleIfe, Nigeria, between May, 2019 and January, 2022. \u0000Methodology: The extract of the combined plant parts was tested for toxicity in rats while its effects on glucose level, blood and biochemical components were also assessed. Its in-vitro anti-hyperglycaemic activity was assayed in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory models while its in-vivo effects were tested in glucose and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also carried out. \u0000Results: The extract did not show any adverse effects on blood sugar levels, haematological and biochemical parameters in normal rats in sub acute toxicity tests. The extract gave comparable (p > 0.05) α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects to acarbose. In glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats, its 100 mg/kg was the most effective dose with 19, 40, 43, and 57% activity that was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the 10, 18, 24, and 40% activity given by glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) at the same time points. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic assay, its 50 mg/kg showed 31, 85, 85 and 82 % effects on days 4, 7, 10 and 14, respectively that was significantly higher than its 100 mg/kg and glibenclamide on days 7 and 10. The extract also elicited high free radical scavenging effects in all the antioxidant assays. \u0000Conclusion: The extract of the combination of four Nigerian antidiabetic plants mixed together in equal ratio gave significantly better antidiabetic activity at low doses than the individual plants without toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90769520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed at determining the protective role of Brassica oleracea on dolutegravir-induced changes in Pupariation and Emergence of Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster aged 3-5 days old were exposed to different concentrations (0.5 to 4 mg/ 5 g diet) of dolutegravir and B. oleracea extract (7.5–1000 mg/5 g diet) for 7 days to determine the lethal concentration (LC50). D. melanogaster were then exposed to the extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/5 g diet) and controls (diet alone and vitamin C) to assess their effects on pupariation and emergence. A 14-day assay was also performed to evaluate the effect of the extract and toxicant (dolutegravir) on fly survival. The result showed a dose-dependent significant decrease (P < 0.05) and a dose-dependent significant increase (P < 0.05) in survival for D. melanogaster exposed to dolutegravir and the extract respectively, when compared to the control group. Results showed a delay in pupariation and decrease in mean pupariation in flies exposed to dolutegravir alone. An improvement in the same parameters was observed in D. melanogaster pre-treated with the extract before exposure to dolutegravir. D. melanogaster pre-treated with 200 and 400 mg extract per 5 g diet showed emergence that was comparable to those in the control groups. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the groups exposed to 50 and 100 mg extract per 5 g diet, suggesting no protection at these doses. This study concludes that B. oleracea leaf extract, at certain concentrations, is able to protect against dolutegravir-induced changes in pupariation and emergence in D. melanogaster.
{"title":"Effects of Dolutegravir (DTG) on Survival, Pupariation and Emergence in Drosophila melanogaster: The Rescue Role of Brassica oleracea","authors":"Amagon Leritshimwa, Haruna Abigail Awadzi, Amagon Kennedy, Wanche Ernest Magani, Falang Kakjing Dadul, Bukar Bayero Bukata","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111106","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at determining the protective role of Brassica oleracea on dolutegravir-induced changes in Pupariation and Emergence of Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster aged 3-5 days old were exposed to different concentrations (0.5 to 4 mg/ 5 g diet) of dolutegravir and B. oleracea extract (7.5–1000 mg/5 g diet) for 7 days to determine the lethal concentration (LC50). D. melanogaster were then exposed to the extract (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/5 g diet) and controls (diet alone and vitamin C) to assess their effects on pupariation and emergence. A 14-day assay was also performed to evaluate the effect of the extract and toxicant (dolutegravir) on fly survival. The result showed a dose-dependent significant decrease (P < 0.05) and a dose-dependent significant increase (P < 0.05) in survival for D. melanogaster exposed to dolutegravir and the extract respectively, when compared to the control group. Results showed a delay in pupariation and decrease in mean pupariation in flies exposed to dolutegravir alone. An improvement in the same parameters was observed in D. melanogaster pre-treated with the extract before exposure to dolutegravir. D. melanogaster pre-treated with 200 and 400 mg extract per 5 g diet showed emergence that was comparable to those in the control groups. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the groups exposed to 50 and 100 mg extract per 5 g diet, suggesting no protection at these doses. This study concludes that B. oleracea leaf extract, at certain concentrations, is able to protect against dolutegravir-induced changes in pupariation and emergence in D. melanogaster.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88023823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111105
Zeinab A. Abd Elhafez, A. M. Shehata, A. Ahmed
The importance of Nigella sativa plant is increasing day by day in many medical and nutritional fields, and the demand for it is increasing in foreign markets. Therefore, we chose the nigella plant to study the effect of spraying with a natural growth stimulant (Ascobein) at concentrations of zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm on the productivity of seed and oil, as well as its effect on the activity of antioxidants. The results showed that the concentration of 100 ppm gave the highest values of vegetative growth traits; (Plant height (86.3 and 89.5cm), Number of branches (21.7 and 25.1), Fresh and Dry weight per plant (118.43 and 143.85gm, 23.86 and 28.29gm/plant) respectively for both seasons. Also, results revealed that foliar application of 100 ppm (Ascobein) improved the seed yield/plant (16.95 and 19.74gm), Oil % (45.73 and 48.02%), DPPH% (99.04 and 102.39%), TPC (447.17 and 450.54 mg GAE/g) and TFC (110.19 and 114.43 mg QE/g) for both seasons 20/2021 and 21/2022. The percentage of major fatty acids in nigella seeds oil has been estimated (Linoleic, Oleic, Palmitic and Stearic).
{"title":"Effect of a Natural Growth Stimulant (Ascobein) on Growth and Yield of Seeds and Oil of Nigella sativa Plants","authors":"Zeinab A. Abd Elhafez, A. M. Shehata, A. Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111105","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Nigella sativa plant is increasing day by day in many medical and nutritional fields, and the demand for it is increasing in foreign markets. Therefore, we chose the nigella plant to study the effect of spraying with a natural growth stimulant (Ascobein) at concentrations of zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm on the productivity of seed and oil, as well as its effect on the activity of antioxidants. The results showed that the concentration of 100 ppm gave the highest values of vegetative growth traits; (Plant height (86.3 and 89.5cm), Number of branches (21.7 and 25.1), Fresh and Dry weight per plant (118.43 and 143.85gm, 23.86 and 28.29gm/plant) respectively for both seasons. Also, results revealed that foliar application of 100 ppm (Ascobein) improved the seed yield/plant (16.95 and 19.74gm), Oil % (45.73 and 48.02%), DPPH% (99.04 and 102.39%), TPC (447.17 and 450.54 mg GAE/g) and TFC (110.19 and 114.43 mg QE/g) for both seasons 20/2021 and 21/2022. The percentage of major fatty acids in nigella seeds oil has been estimated (Linoleic, Oleic, Palmitic and Stearic).","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85732391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111104
A. Ahmed, Zeinab A. Abd Elhafez, A. M. Shehata
Fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.) is one of most widely used plants in food and medicine. Our study aimed to show the response of fennel plants from Egypt and China planted in Egypt to foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) at various concentrations; control, 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The obtained results indicated that treated fennel plants with BA resulted in a significant increase in the vegetative growth, number of umbels/plant, fruit, yield and oil yield per plant and feddan as well as main components, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of essential oils compared to untreated plants. In general, the application of benzyladenine was more effective on Egyptian fennel plants than that of Chinese plants. Egyptian fennel plants gave higher values of growth, fruit yield, oil percentage and oil yield than Chinese plants. However, the major components, TPC and antioxidant activity (DPPH %) had higher values in Chinese essential oil than Egyptian essential oil. The highest values of all studied parameters were obtained by using BA at 100 ppm. GC–MS analysis of the volatile oils showed that the major components were trans-anethole followed by fenshone, α- pinene and D-limonene, respectively for both essential oils. 100 ppm of BA gave the highest values of trans-anethole content and radical scavenging activities of oils. Therefore, we concluded that spraying fennel plants with 100 ppm BA can be used for obtaining higher vegetative growth, fruit and quantity and quality of oil.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Response of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) Plants from Egypt and China to Spraying with Benzyladenine (BA)","authors":"A. Ahmed, Zeinab A. Abd Elhafez, A. M. Shehata","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i111104","url":null,"abstract":"Fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.) is one of most widely used plants in food and medicine. Our study aimed to show the response of fennel plants from Egypt and China planted in Egypt to foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) at various concentrations; control, 50, 100 and 150 ppm. The obtained results indicated that treated fennel plants with BA resulted in a significant increase in the vegetative growth, number of umbels/plant, fruit, yield and oil yield per plant and feddan as well as main components, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of essential oils compared to untreated plants. In general, the application of benzyladenine was more effective on Egyptian fennel plants than that of Chinese plants. Egyptian fennel plants gave higher values of growth, fruit yield, oil percentage and oil yield than Chinese plants. However, the major components, TPC and antioxidant activity (DPPH %) had higher values in Chinese essential oil than Egyptian essential oil. The highest values of all studied parameters were obtained by using BA at 100 ppm. GC–MS analysis of the volatile oils showed that the major components were trans-anethole followed by fenshone, α- pinene and D-limonene, respectively for both essential oils. 100 ppm of BA gave the highest values of trans-anethole content and radical scavenging activities of oils. Therefore, we concluded that spraying fennel plants with 100 ppm BA can be used for obtaining higher vegetative growth, fruit and quantity and quality of oil.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i101103
Jefferson dos Santos Martins, M. C. Parreira, Antônio Marcos Quadros Cunha, Omar Machado de Vasconcelos, Meirevalda do Socorro Ferreira Redig, Elonha Rodrigues dos Santos, C. M. D. Souza, T. G. R. Terra, Elessandra Laura Nogueira Lopes, Marcos Augusto de Souza Gonçalves, Antonio Augusto Martins dos Santos, J. Leite, Lucélia Martins de Andrade, Evaldo Morais da Silva
Agroforestry systems are examples of soil exploration that is closer to the natural form of the forest, with intercropping of several species within an area, thus being sustainable alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the weed community in agroforestry systems in two ecosystems: solid ground and floodplain in the state of Pará. Such collections were made in eight areas, with about one hectare each, cultivated in agroforestry systems, four of which are on dry land and four on floodplains, in the rural area of Cametá-PA. Four plots of one square meter per area were randomly sampled, where the species were identified, counted, and taken to weigh to evaluate the weed community. Among the evaluated environments, the species that stood out the most in the solid ground environment was Kyllinga brevifolia, leading most of the evaluated indices. In the lowland ecosystem, the Brachiaria species purpuracens were the most relevant.
{"title":"The Phytosociology of Weeds in Agroforestry Systems in Different Types of Amazonian Forest Cover","authors":"Jefferson dos Santos Martins, M. C. Parreira, Antônio Marcos Quadros Cunha, Omar Machado de Vasconcelos, Meirevalda do Socorro Ferreira Redig, Elonha Rodrigues dos Santos, C. M. D. Souza, T. G. R. Terra, Elessandra Laura Nogueira Lopes, Marcos Augusto de Souza Gonçalves, Antonio Augusto Martins dos Santos, J. Leite, Lucélia Martins de Andrade, Evaldo Morais da Silva","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i101103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i101103","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry systems are examples of soil exploration that is closer to the natural form of the forest, with intercropping of several species within an area, thus being sustainable alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the weed community in agroforestry systems in two ecosystems: solid ground and floodplain in the state of Pará. Such collections were made in eight areas, with about one hectare each, cultivated in agroforestry systems, four of which are on dry land and four on floodplains, in the rural area of Cametá-PA. Four plots of one square meter per area were randomly sampled, where the species were identified, counted, and taken to weigh to evaluate the weed community. Among the evaluated environments, the species that stood out the most in the solid ground environment was Kyllinga brevifolia, leading most of the evaluated indices. In the lowland ecosystem, the Brachiaria species purpuracens were the most relevant.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80508516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030493
I. Hashim, L. K. Omosa, J. Onyari, S. M. Maru, Justus Mukavi
Background of the Study: Tropical plants of the Ficus genus (Moraceae) are among the earliest fruit trees that humans have cultivated. Since ancient times, many folk medicines have used species of this genus to treat a variety of ailments. Evidence from earlier investigations has shown these plants contain abundant secondary metabolites with a variety of structural properties and biological functions. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the University of Nairobi (Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry) from January to June 2022. Aim: The study focuses on isolating and identifying secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Ficus thonningii Blume found in Kenya and their chemotaxonomic significance. Methodology: Dried powdered stem bark of Ficus thonningii was extracted by maceration at room temperature using CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) to yield a crude extract which was fractionated in a chromatographic column (CC) using silica gel (60 – 120 mesh) as an adsorbent eluting with EtOAc/n-hexane followed by CH3OH/EtOAc. The fractions were purified using silica gel (70 – 230, 230 – 400 mesh) CC and chromatotron eluting with solvents of different polarity, as well as a crystallization technique. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated and identified using the spectroscopic method (NMR (1D and 2D)) and by comparison with reported literature data. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Ficus thonningii afforded seven compounds, including yukovanol (1), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)isoflavone (2), cajanin (3), taxifolin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), saccharose (6), and stigmasterol (7). Compounds 1 - 3, 5 and 7 were not reported from F. thonningii until now. Further, compound 6 is being isolated from the genus Ficus for the first time. Conclusion: The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated phytochemicals demonstrates the taxonomic position of F. thonningii in the genus Ficus and explains its multiple ethnomedicinal applications.
{"title":"Chemical Constituents from the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii and their Chemotaxonomic Significance","authors":"I. Hashim, L. K. Omosa, J. Onyari, S. M. Maru, Justus Mukavi","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030493","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the Study: Tropical plants of the Ficus genus (Moraceae) are among the earliest fruit trees that humans have cultivated. Since ancient times, many folk medicines have used species of this genus to treat a variety of ailments. Evidence from earlier investigations has shown these plants contain abundant secondary metabolites with a variety of structural properties and biological functions. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the University of Nairobi (Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry) from January to June 2022. \u0000Aim: The study focuses on isolating and identifying secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Ficus thonningii Blume found in Kenya and their chemotaxonomic significance. \u0000Methodology: Dried powdered stem bark of Ficus thonningii was extracted by maceration at room temperature using CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) to yield a crude extract which was fractionated in a chromatographic column (CC) using silica gel (60 – 120 mesh) as an adsorbent eluting with EtOAc/n-hexane followed by CH3OH/EtOAc. The fractions were purified using silica gel (70 – 230, 230 – 400 mesh) CC and chromatotron eluting with solvents of different polarity, as well as a crystallization technique. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated and identified using the spectroscopic method (NMR (1D and 2D)) and by comparison with reported literature data. \u0000Results: Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Ficus thonningii afforded seven compounds, including yukovanol (1), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenyl)isoflavone (2), cajanin (3), taxifolin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), saccharose (6), and stigmasterol (7). Compounds 1 - 3, 5 and 7 were not reported from F. thonningii until now. Further, compound 6 is being isolated from the genus Ficus for the first time. \u0000Conclusion: The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated phytochemicals demonstrates the taxonomic position of F. thonningii in the genus Ficus and explains its multiple ethnomedicinal applications.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83108463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：