Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030494
Abeer Mishra, S. Sedani, P. Nikhade, Aditya Patel, Nidhi Adyalkar, Utkarsh Umre
In recent years, there has been a surge in the awareness regarding the phyto cannabinoid; cannabidiol. Between the time period from 1963 to 2000, only 460 publications can be found in a PubMed search while using cannabidiol as the keyword. The former pales in comparison to the record of 2769 publications found from 2008 to the present time. However, a limited amount of literature is available that discusses the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, pertaining to the field of dentistry. In 1940, cannabidiol was isolated from cannabis for the first time, its structure being reported much later in 1963. Further research on Cannabis resulted in the declaration that “THC” is the active compound. Subsequent studies were then directed essentially based on the virtual exclusion of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids from cannabis. This was primarily due to the belief that the activity of cannabis was merely psychological activity. In retrospect, this seems unfortunate as many of the beneficial properties of cannabidiol which might have had a therapeutic benefit were overlooked. In the present review, attention will be focused on the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol and the impact this may have on dentistry with the supplemental vision of encouraging further studies to reveal any other beneficial properties that may be present.
{"title":"Cannabidiol, the Journey of Cannabis from a Social Stigma to a Miracle Drug in Dentistry","authors":"Abeer Mishra, S. Sedani, P. Nikhade, Aditya Patel, Nidhi Adyalkar, Utkarsh Umre","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030494","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a surge in the awareness regarding the phyto cannabinoid; cannabidiol. Between the time period from 1963 to 2000, only 460 publications can be found in a PubMed search while using cannabidiol as the keyword. The former pales in comparison to the record of 2769 publications found from 2008 to the present time. However, a limited amount of literature is available that discusses the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, pertaining to the field of dentistry. In 1940, cannabidiol was isolated from cannabis for the first time, its structure being reported much later in 1963. Further research on Cannabis resulted in the declaration that “THC” is the active compound. Subsequent studies were then directed essentially based on the virtual exclusion of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids from cannabis. This was primarily due to the belief that the activity of cannabis was merely psychological activity. \u0000In retrospect, this seems unfortunate as many of the beneficial properties of cannabidiol which might have had a therapeutic benefit were overlooked. In the present review, attention will be focused on the therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol and the impact this may have on dentistry with the supplemental vision of encouraging further studies to reveal any other beneficial properties that may be present.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81993001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030492
G. Opande
Medicinal plants still play an important role in human and animal healthcare. About 60% of the world’s population and 80% of Africa’s population depend on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare. In Vihiga county Kenya, C. edulis has been reported to manage several human disease conditions such as epilepsy, headache, toothache, cough, chest complaints, sickle cell anemia, gonorrhea, syphilis and rabies among others. Its therapeutic efficacy is attributed to numerous phytochemicals present in its extracts. In this study, a phytochemical analysis was carried out in the roots, leaves and bark extracts, antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus laboratory cultures determined. The extracts were modified by grinding and ethanol used as solvent in the extraction. Different concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of plant extracts were used in the analysis and sterile distilled water used as the control. Data on zone growth inhibition was subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated and compared using least significant differences at p≤ 0.05 by use of SAS statistical package. The results showed the presence of an array of phytochemicals in the leaves, bark and roots of the plant. The bark for example tested positive for tannins, saponins, flavanoids, terpenoids, glycosides and sterols while the leaves and roots tested negative for saponins and flavanoids respectively. The leaves exhibited the greatest inhibition against Escherichia coli with a mean diameter of 7.57mm and all the three parts exhibited a significant difference. The different concentrations also showed that inhibition increased with increase in concentration. The mean inhibition diameter at 100% was 8.96 while at 25% it was 7.21.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of Carissa edulis Extracts Obtained from Kaimosi Forest, Vihiga County, Kenya","authors":"G. Opande","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030492","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants still play an important role in human and animal healthcare. About 60% of the world’s population and 80% of Africa’s population depend on herbal medicine for their primary healthcare. In Vihiga county Kenya, C. edulis has been reported to manage several human disease conditions such as epilepsy, headache, toothache, cough, chest complaints, sickle cell anemia, gonorrhea, syphilis and rabies among others. Its therapeutic efficacy is attributed to numerous phytochemicals present in its extracts. In this study, a phytochemical analysis was carried out in the roots, leaves and bark extracts, antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus laboratory cultures determined. The extracts were modified by grinding and ethanol used as solvent in the extraction. Different concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of plant extracts were used in the analysis and sterile distilled water used as the control. Data on zone growth inhibition was subjected to analysis of variance and the means were separated and compared using least significant differences at p≤ 0.05 by use of SAS statistical package. The results showed the presence of an array of phytochemicals in the leaves, bark and roots of the plant. The bark for example tested positive for tannins, saponins, flavanoids, terpenoids, glycosides and sterols while the leaves and roots tested negative for saponins and flavanoids respectively. The leaves exhibited the greatest inhibition against Escherichia coli with a mean diameter of 7.57mm and all the three parts exhibited a significant difference. The different concentrations also showed that inhibition increased with increase in concentration. The mean inhibition diameter at 100% was 8.96 while at 25% it was 7.21.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78177714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930490
A. Olowofolahan, Heritage Mojisola Dare, Y. Adeoye, O. Olorunsogo
Aim: The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore is an important event in the execution of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Some bioactive compounds elicit their chemotherapeutic effects against tumor/cancer cells via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Annona muricata, a medicinal plant, is folklorically used in the treatment of tumors and cancers. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of methanol stem bark extract of Annona muricata (MEAM) on apoptosis via mPT pore and estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced proliferative disorder using female Wistar rats. Methodology: Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The mPT pore opening, cytochrome c release and mitochondrial ATPase activity were determined spectrophotometrically. The levels of estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), were determined using ELISA technique. Histological and histochemical assessments of the uterine sections were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of MEAM were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: The in vitro results showed a significant induction of mPT pore opening, release of cytochrome c and enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, oral administration of MEAM did not induce rat uterine mPT pore opening, neither any significant release of cytochrome c nor enhancement of mATPase activity at the dosages used. Interestingly, MEAM reversed the EB-induced increase in E2, LH and FSH. The MEAM also improved the antioxidant milleu by reducing MDA level and increasing the SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treatment groups. Administration of EB induced endometrial hyperplasia in the model group which was mitigated by MEAM in the treatment group. The GC-MS analysis of MEAM revealed the presence of some important phytochemicals that are pharmacological relevant in cancer treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that the methanol stem bark extract of Annona muricata contains bioactive compounds that protect against EB-induced uterine proliferative disorder in female Wistar rats.
{"title":"Annona muricata Linn Stem Bark Protects against Uterine Proliferative Disorder Induced by Estradiol Benzoate in Female Rat","authors":"A. Olowofolahan, Heritage Mojisola Dare, Y. Adeoye, O. Olorunsogo","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930490","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore is an important event in the execution of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Some bioactive compounds elicit their chemotherapeutic effects against tumor/cancer cells via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Annona muricata, a medicinal plant, is folklorically used in the treatment of tumors and cancers. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of methanol stem bark extract of Annona muricata (MEAM) on apoptosis via mPT pore and estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced proliferative disorder using female Wistar rats. \u0000Methodology: Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The mPT pore opening, cytochrome c release and mitochondrial ATPase activity were determined spectrophotometrically. The levels of estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), were determined using ELISA technique. Histological and histochemical assessments of the uterine sections were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of MEAM were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). \u0000Results: The in vitro results showed a significant induction of mPT pore opening, release of cytochrome c and enhancement of mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, oral administration of MEAM did not induce rat uterine mPT pore opening, neither any significant release of cytochrome c nor enhancement of mATPase activity at the dosages used. Interestingly, MEAM reversed the EB-induced increase in E2, LH and FSH. The MEAM also improved the antioxidant milleu by reducing MDA level and increasing the SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treatment groups. Administration of EB induced endometrial hyperplasia in the model group which was mitigated by MEAM in the treatment group. The GC-MS analysis of MEAM revealed the presence of some important phytochemicals that are pharmacological relevant in cancer treatment. \u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that the methanol stem bark extract of Annona muricata contains bioactive compounds that protect against EB-induced uterine proliferative disorder in female Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74619425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030491
Regina W. Mbugua, E. Njagi, C. Ngule, P. Mwitari
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against the cancerous cell lines tested showing selective toxicity to cancer cells while sparing the normal cells (SI ≥ 3). An upregulation of p53 and down-regulation VEGF genes was observed. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of pharmacologically important phytochemicals in the plant’s extracts. The study findings suggest exploitation of these plant extracts as potential candidates for development of drugs for the management of breast and prostate cancer.
在全球范围内，每年约有13%的死亡归因于癌症。手术、放疗和化疗是目前治疗癌症的技术;然而，这些方法昂贵，失败率高，并伴有有害的副作用。植物衍生产品可以很好地缓解目前这些方法所面临的挑战。本研究旨在探讨合诞花、大鼠李和塞纳三种植物提取物的植物化学、抗增殖活性及其可能的作用机制。采用3 -(4,5 -二甲基噻唑-2-基)- 2,5 -二苯四唑(MTT)测定染料测定提取物的抗增殖活性。Real Time PCR检测提取物诱导p53(凋亡)和VEGF(血管生成)基因表达的潜力。植物化学筛选按标准程序进行。几种植物提取物对癌细胞表现出抗增殖活性，显示出对癌细胞的选择性毒性，同时保留正常细胞(SI≥3)。观察到p53基因上调，VEGF基因下调。植物化学筛选揭示了植物提取物中具有重要药理意义的植物化学物质的存在。研究结果表明，利用这些植物提取物作为开发治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌药物的潜在候选者。
{"title":"In vitro Antiproliferative Studies of Selected Medicinal Plants on Cancerous and Normal Cells","authors":"Regina W. Mbugua, E. Njagi, C. Ngule, P. Mwitari","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i1030491","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against the cancerous cell lines tested showing selective toxicity to cancer cells while sparing the normal cells (SI ≥ 3). An upregulation of p53 and down-regulation VEGF genes was observed. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of pharmacologically important phytochemicals in the plant’s extracts. The study findings suggest exploitation of these plant extracts as potential candidates for development of drugs for the management of breast and prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85915518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930489
M. Himeda, M. Béchir, .. Aboubakar, Barka Abakoura, A. Tidjani, M. Hamadou
Food plays a significant role in health. Fruits and vegetables are an important component of a healthy diet and, when consumed daily in sufficient quantities, they could help to prevent major conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The objective of the study is to assess the state of consumption of fruits and vegetables by the population of the city of N'Djamena. Through a descriptive cross-sectional analysis, this study will provide information on fruit and vegetable consumption of 440 households in the 10 districts in the city of N'Djamena in Chad from February 20 to June 20, 2015. The study described the hygiene conditions of fruits and vegetables, the timing of fruit consumption and the portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day in N'Djamena. The results show that 60% of those surveyed are male and 40% female. The age group (25-40 years) represents 79.31% of the respondents, followed by the group (41-55 years) with 17.93% and 2.75% for the age group between 56 and 75 years. As for the socio-professional category, the results reveal that 31.72% of those surveyed are civil servants. The results show that households whose size varies between 0 and 5 people represent 45.51% against 31.03% for households whose size varies from 6 to 10 people. It should be noted that 11.03% of households spend a daily food ration less than or equal to 1,5 $, 24.13% of households spend between 1,5 to 3 $ per day for their daily food ration and 28.27% of households use a sum ranging from 3 to 4,5 $. The majority of respondents (93.79%) do not respect hygienic practice while 20% of respondents consume one serving of fruits and vegetables per day (per person) and 39.31% consume two portions. The impact of socio-economic difficulties on fruit and vegetable consumption is confirmed. The high household size and low daily expenses for food does not allow them to consume the 5 recommended portions. This insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables is part of a context of galloping urbanization and rising food prices. One prospect raised is to consider further surveys in population subgroups accompanied by nutrition education in order to improve the consumption of this food group.
{"title":"State of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in N'Djamena, Chad","authors":"M. Himeda, M. Béchir, .. Aboubakar, Barka Abakoura, A. Tidjani, M. Hamadou","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930489","url":null,"abstract":"Food plays a significant role in health. Fruits and vegetables are an important component of a healthy diet and, when consumed daily in sufficient quantities, they could help to prevent major conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The objective of the study is to assess the state of consumption of fruits and vegetables by the population of the city of N'Djamena. Through a descriptive cross-sectional analysis, this study will provide information on fruit and vegetable consumption of 440 households in the 10 districts in the city of N'Djamena in Chad from February 20 to June 20, 2015. The study described the hygiene conditions of fruits and vegetables, the timing of fruit consumption and the portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day in N'Djamena. The results show that 60% of those surveyed are male and 40% female. The age group (25-40 years) represents 79.31% of the respondents, followed by the group (41-55 years) with 17.93% and 2.75% for the age group between 56 and 75 years. As for the socio-professional category, the results reveal that 31.72% of those surveyed are civil servants. The results show that households whose size varies between 0 and 5 people represent 45.51% against 31.03% for households whose size varies from 6 to 10 people. It should be noted that 11.03% of households spend a daily food ration less than or equal to 1,5 $, 24.13% of households spend between 1,5 to 3 $ per day for their daily food ration and 28.27% of households use a sum ranging from 3 to 4,5 $. The majority of respondents (93.79%) do not respect hygienic practice while 20% of respondents consume one serving of fruits and vegetables per day (per person) and 39.31% consume two portions. The impact of socio-economic difficulties on fruit and vegetable consumption is confirmed. The high household size and low daily expenses for food does not allow them to consume the 5 recommended portions. This insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables is part of a context of galloping urbanization and rising food prices. One prospect raised is to consider further surveys in population subgroups accompanied by nutrition education in order to improve the consumption of this food group.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83795880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930488
A. Abdoulaye, Agossou P. Noumavo, Nicéphore M. Glodjinon, A. Adjanohoun, L. Baba-Moussa, F. Baba-Moussa
Background of the Study: In the oral health field, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most frequent pathologies that affect all population to different degrees. In Benin, oral diseases constitute a serious public health problem. Care, whether curative or preventive, requires an investment that many cannot afford in developing countries like Benin. Because of oral diseases extent, appropriate solutions must be found to improve oral health in Benin. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected through ethnobotanical surveys in the districts of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-Novo from May to August 2021. Aim: This study aims to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat oral diseases. Methodology: Prior to the ethnobotanical study itself, we proceeded to locate the markets where medicinal plants are sold in the study area. Then, in order to ensure a high objectivity degree of the data obtained during our study, the survey is carried out used a preestabilished questionnaires. The questionnaire focused on the following main points: (1) Profile of the respondent (surname, first name, age, gender, education level and experience in the field), (2) informations on the recipe (oral uses, vernacular and scientific names, parts used, preparation method, route and mode of administration, contraindications and side effects). The medicinal plants vendors were selected based their availability displays size and frequency level of displays. Results: One hundred and three (103) medicinal plants species were identified, divided into forty-four (44) families and ninety-one (91) genera. The most used plants are Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (11.72%), Ocimum americanum (4.88%), Ocimum gratissimum (4.39%), Lantana camara (2.93%), Bridelia ferruginea (2.93%), Moringa oleifera (2.44%), Lippia multiflora (2.44%), Mangifera indica (2.44%), Dialium guineense (2.44%), Pseudocedrela kotschyi (1.95%), Justicia flava (1.95%), Uvaria chamae (1.95%) and Xylopia aethiopica (1.95%). The most commonly plant parts used were leaves and roots. The decoction of these parts in mouthwash or gargle is most used for oral diseases treatment. Conclusion: The flora of Benin contains a rich diversity of plants. Many of which are used in traditional Beninese medicine and have the potential to provide pharmacologically active natural products. In order to know the different plants used to treat oral diseases, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in southern Benin (district of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-novo).
{"title":"Characteristics of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Medicine for Oral Diseases Treatment in Southern Benin","authors":"A. Abdoulaye, Agossou P. Noumavo, Nicéphore M. Glodjinon, A. Adjanohoun, L. Baba-Moussa, F. Baba-Moussa","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930488","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the Study: In the oral health field, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most frequent pathologies that affect all population to different degrees. In Benin, oral diseases constitute a serious public health problem. Care, whether curative or preventive, requires an investment that many cannot afford in developing countries like Benin. Because of oral diseases extent, appropriate solutions must be found to improve oral health in Benin. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected through ethnobotanical surveys in the districts of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-Novo from May to August 2021. \u0000Aim: This study aims to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat oral diseases. \u0000Methodology: Prior to the ethnobotanical study itself, we proceeded to locate the markets where medicinal plants are sold in the study area. Then, in order to ensure a high objectivity degree of the data obtained during our study, the survey is carried out used a preestabilished questionnaires. The questionnaire focused on the following main points: (1) Profile of the respondent (surname, first name, age, gender, education level and experience in the field), (2) informations on the recipe (oral uses, vernacular and scientific names, parts used, preparation method, route and mode of administration, contraindications and side effects). The medicinal plants vendors were selected based their availability displays size and frequency level of displays. \u0000Results: One hundred and three (103) medicinal plants species were identified, divided into forty-four (44) families and ninety-one (91) genera. The most used plants are Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (11.72%), Ocimum americanum (4.88%), Ocimum gratissimum (4.39%), Lantana camara (2.93%), Bridelia ferruginea (2.93%), Moringa oleifera (2.44%), Lippia multiflora (2.44%), Mangifera indica (2.44%), Dialium guineense (2.44%), Pseudocedrela kotschyi (1.95%), Justicia flava (1.95%), Uvaria chamae (1.95%) and Xylopia aethiopica (1.95%). The most commonly plant parts used were leaves and roots. The decoction of these parts in mouthwash or gargle is most used for oral diseases treatment. \u0000Conclusion: The flora of Benin contains a rich diversity of plants. Many of which are used in traditional Beninese medicine and have the potential to provide pharmacologically active natural products. In order to know the different plants used to treat oral diseases, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in southern Benin (district of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-novo).","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81562275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930487
Joseph Oloro, Amon G. Agaba, J. Mbaria, Timothy E. Maitho
The use of herbal medicine products worldwide and in Uganda is on the rise and there is much-renewed interest in their use because of the belief that they are safe. However, this belief is not backed up by credible scientific research for many products in Uganda. Almost all herbal products produced locally in Uganda have no scientific proof for their claimed safety and efficacy for the treatment of the various conditions they are claimed to treat example; covid-19, HIV, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, and others. There is an urgent need to quickly improve and enforced research on the local products in order to realise the economic benefits which could be lying hidden in them and put a ban on adulterated products from being sold to the public. This review was conducted in order to determine the challenges and opportunities in the Traditional Herbal Medicine sector in Uganda. It was found out that enormous challenges face the Traditional Medicine sector in Uganda including; lack of research on products available for use, claims of one product treating multiple conditions, adulteration of products with established Pharmaceutical drugs and no stringent regulations on registration of products. However, a lot of opportunities were also noted available for exploitation to develop the sector further. Collaboration with local Universities to speed up research using the Reverse Pharmacology approach [1] on the available products, strictly enforcing regulation on product registration and exploiting the reverse Pharmacology approach to study the local products, aggressive and intentional investment in basic research infrastructures and speeding up Clinical Trials on products found to be safe and effective could allow the realisation of the benefits which could be hidden in the local Traditional Medicine products.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities of the Ugandan Traditional Herbal Medicine Sector","authors":"Joseph Oloro, Amon G. Agaba, J. Mbaria, Timothy E. Maitho","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930487","url":null,"abstract":"The use of herbal medicine products worldwide and in Uganda is on the rise and there is much-renewed interest in their use because of the belief that they are safe. However, this belief is not backed up by credible scientific research for many products in Uganda. Almost all herbal products produced locally in Uganda have no scientific proof for their claimed safety and efficacy for the treatment of the various conditions they are claimed to treat example; covid-19, HIV, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, and others. There is an urgent need to quickly improve and enforced research on the local products in order to realise the economic benefits which could be lying hidden in them and put a ban on adulterated products from being sold to the public. This review was conducted in order to determine the challenges and opportunities in the Traditional Herbal Medicine sector in Uganda. It was found out that enormous challenges face the Traditional Medicine sector in Uganda including; lack of research on products available for use, claims of one product treating multiple conditions, adulteration of products with established Pharmaceutical drugs and no stringent regulations on registration of products. However, a lot of opportunities were also noted available for exploitation to develop the sector further. Collaboration with local Universities to speed up research using the Reverse Pharmacology approach [1] on the available products, strictly enforcing regulation on product registration and exploiting the reverse Pharmacology approach to study the local products, aggressive and intentional investment in basic research infrastructures and speeding up Clinical Trials on products found to be safe and effective could allow the realisation of the benefits which could be hidden in the local Traditional Medicine products.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84759325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830485
Obi Patrick Ebele, Odoh Uchenna Estella
Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating some pharmacognostic parameters and investigates the anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of Triumfetta cordifolia leaf Methods: The pharmacognostic profiling of Triumfetta cordifolia leaves was carried out using some standard pharmacognostic tools for crude drug standardization such as qualitative and quantitative microscopy, analytical evaluation and phytochemical screening. The plant material was extracted using cold maceration method in ethanol and fractionation was carried out using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. The acute toxicity study was done following standard method. Diabetes in albino wistar rats was intraperitoneally induced using 120 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. The diabetic rats where treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the crude extract and 400mg/kg of each of the fractions. Glibenclamide was used as the standard drug (5 mg/kg) and diabetic rats without treatment as negative control. The procedure was also similarly performed using the non-diabetic rats. The administration of all treatments was done orally, once daily for 21 days and blood sera of the blood samples from rats across the groups were collected at the end of the treatment period and the concentrations of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated. Results: The results of the qualitative microscopic evaluation of Triumfetta cordifolia leaf revealed paracytic stomata, unicellular trichomes, wavy wall epidermal cells and prismatic calcium oxalate. Quantitative microscopic study gave 23.67 ± 0.58 stomata number, 0.023 ± 0.00058 stomata index, 18.33 ± 1.53 Palisade ratio and 10.67 ± 0.58 vein-islet number while the analytical standard revealed 9.3 total ash, 3.5 water soluble ash and 1.34 acid insoluble ash. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, Tannins, flavonoids steroids and terpenoids in the Triumfetta cordifolia leaves ethanol extract (TCEE). A significant reduction (P≤0.05) in fasted blood sugar level of diabetic rats was observed during treatment with Triumfetta cordifolia leaves extract and the blood sugar level lowering potential was comparable to the glibenclamide’s group. There was improvement of body weight in TCEE treated groups and ethylacetate fraction group. The Leaf extract of Triumfetta cordifolia showed a high significant (P≤0.05) ameliorating potential on liver’s degenerating hepatocytes evidenced by the comparable reduction in AST, ALT and ALP levels with the glibenclamide’s and diabetic’s groups. Conclusion: The overall results showed that Triumfetta cordifolia leaf possesses blood sugar lowering and liver hepatocytes regenerating potentials while the pharmacognostic profiling of the plant can serve as a reference and guide for future researchers.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Triumfetta cordifolia A. Rich (Tiliaceae) Leaves","authors":"Obi Patrick Ebele, Odoh Uchenna Estella","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830485","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating some pharmacognostic parameters and investigates the anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of Triumfetta cordifolia leaf \u0000Methods: The pharmacognostic profiling of Triumfetta cordifolia leaves was carried out using some standard pharmacognostic tools for crude drug standardization such as qualitative and quantitative microscopy, analytical evaluation and phytochemical screening. The plant material was extracted using cold maceration method in ethanol and fractionation was carried out using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. The acute toxicity study was done following standard method. Diabetes in albino wistar rats was intraperitoneally induced using 120 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. The diabetic rats where treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the crude extract and 400mg/kg of each of the fractions. Glibenclamide was used as the standard drug (5 mg/kg) and diabetic rats without treatment as negative control. The procedure was also similarly performed using the non-diabetic rats. The administration of all treatments was done orally, once daily for 21 days and blood sera of the blood samples from rats across the groups were collected at the end of the treatment period and the concentrations of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated. \u0000Results: The results of the qualitative microscopic evaluation of Triumfetta cordifolia leaf revealed paracytic stomata, unicellular trichomes, wavy wall epidermal cells and prismatic calcium oxalate. Quantitative microscopic study gave 23.67 ± 0.58 stomata number, 0.023 ± 0.00058 stomata index, 18.33 ± 1.53 Palisade ratio and 10.67 ± 0.58 vein-islet number while the analytical standard revealed 9.3 total ash, 3.5 water soluble ash and 1.34 acid insoluble ash. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, Tannins, flavonoids steroids and terpenoids in the Triumfetta cordifolia leaves ethanol extract (TCEE). A significant reduction (P≤0.05) in fasted blood sugar level of diabetic rats was observed during treatment with Triumfetta cordifolia leaves extract and the blood sugar level lowering potential was comparable to the glibenclamide’s group. There was improvement of body weight in TCEE treated groups and ethylacetate fraction group. The Leaf extract of Triumfetta cordifolia showed a high significant (P≤0.05) ameliorating potential on liver’s degenerating hepatocytes evidenced by the comparable reduction in AST, ALT and ALP levels with the glibenclamide’s and diabetic’s groups. \u0000Conclusion: The overall results showed that Triumfetta cordifolia leaf possesses blood sugar lowering and liver hepatocytes regenerating potentials while the pharmacognostic profiling of the plant can serve as a reference and guide for future researchers.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930486
Abdalsalam Kmail, Bayan Mansour, Reem Hanaisheh, G. Omar, N. Jaradat, Omer Said, B. Saad
Background: Ficus sycomorus is one of the recommended antipsoriatic medicinal plants in the traditional Greco-Arab herbal medicine. However, the knowledge on its action mechanisms is limited. Aims: Cytotoxic, cytostatic, and anti-inflammatory effects of water/ethanolic extracts of Ficus sycomorus leaves and fruits were evaluated to test their role in the traditionally known antipsoriatic properties. Place and Duration of Study: All the experiments were done in the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Arab American University-Palestine in 2020. Plants were collected from the Northern region of the West Bank/Palestine during the fall months in 2019 and given (Voucher code: Pharm-PCT-1030) at An-Najah National University. Methodology: MTT assay was used to evaluate cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Ficus sycomorus extracts in human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), human monocytic cell line (THP-1)-derived macrophages, and their co-cultures. Commercial ELISA kits were applied to measure the cytokine levels. Results: Both extracts exhibited cytostatic effects with IC 50 of 656 μg/mL and 886 μg/mL for HaCat and co-culture, respectively. Leaves and fruits extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently the LPS-induced NO production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 65 μM to 19 μM and 16 μM, respectively. The fruit extracts showed higher effects than the leaf extracts and reduced the TNF-α levels from 709 pg/mL to 208 pg/mL. The fruit extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 74 pg/mL to 90 pg/mL. Conclusion: Ficus sycomorus extracts probably exert their antipsoriatic effects through cytostatic effects and modulation of the production levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
{"title":"Modulatory Effects of Leave and Fruit Extracts of Ficus sycomorus on Cytostatic and Inflammatory Mediators in Monocultures and Co-cultures of Human Keratinocyte (HaCat) and Human Monocyte (THP-1) Cell Lines","authors":"Abdalsalam Kmail, Bayan Mansour, Reem Hanaisheh, G. Omar, N. Jaradat, Omer Said, B. Saad","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i930486","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ficus sycomorus is one of the recommended antipsoriatic medicinal plants in the traditional Greco-Arab herbal medicine. However, the knowledge on its action mechanisms is limited. \u0000Aims: Cytotoxic, cytostatic, and anti-inflammatory effects of water/ethanolic extracts of Ficus sycomorus leaves and fruits were evaluated to test their role in the traditionally known antipsoriatic properties. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: All the experiments were done in the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Arab American University-Palestine in 2020. Plants were collected from the Northern region of the West Bank/Palestine during the fall months in 2019 and given (Voucher code: Pharm-PCT-1030) at An-Najah National University. \u0000Methodology: MTT assay was used to evaluate cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of Ficus sycomorus extracts in human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), human monocytic cell line (THP-1)-derived macrophages, and their co-cultures. Commercial ELISA kits were applied to measure the cytokine levels. \u0000Results: Both extracts exhibited cytostatic effects with IC 50 of 656 μg/mL and 886 μg/mL for HaCat and co-culture, respectively. Leaves and fruits extracts significantly reduced dose-dependently the LPS-induced NO production by THP-1-derived macrophages from 65 μM to 19 μM and 16 μM, respectively. The fruit extracts showed higher effects than the leaf extracts and reduced the TNF-α levels from 709 pg/mL to 208 pg/mL. The fruit extracts increased the production levels of IL-10 from 74 pg/mL to 90 pg/mL. \u0000Conclusion: Ficus sycomorus extracts probably exert their antipsoriatic effects through cytostatic effects and modulation of the production levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87406280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830484
Prashant Hande, B. Kumar, V. Jha, A. Bhosale, S. Gangurde
With the advancement in various molecular diagnostic tools, DNA Barcoding has emerged as a gold standard molecular diagnostic tool across the globe. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for treating a variety of ailments. Plants of the genus Andrographis have been extensively used for treating different types of ailments. In this study, rarely studied medicinal plant species were isolated, sequenced at the genetic level and studied for their evolutionary characteristics using phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, the identity of A. echioides was confirmed by targeting different barcoding genes such as ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, internal transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase-beta subunit, maturase K, and photosystem II protein D1 genes using a phylogenetic approach. After successful isolation and amplification of genomic DNA, specific primers were utilised for sequencing of each barcoding gene, followed by nucleotide BLAST analysis to determine the sequence percent identity of each gene with that from other plant species. The best homologs were then utilised for conducting phylogenetic analysis which confirmed the identity of the plant as Andrographis echioides.
{"title":"Andrographis Echioides Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Study Using DNA Barcoding Technique","authors":"Prashant Hande, B. Kumar, V. Jha, A. Bhosale, S. Gangurde","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i830484","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement in various molecular diagnostic tools, DNA Barcoding has emerged as a gold standard molecular diagnostic tool across the globe. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for treating a variety of ailments. Plants of the genus Andrographis have been extensively used for treating different types of ailments. In this study, rarely studied medicinal plant species were isolated, sequenced at the genetic level and studied for their evolutionary characteristics using phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, the identity of A. echioides was confirmed by targeting different barcoding genes such as ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, internal transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase-beta subunit, maturase K, and photosystem II protein D1 genes using a phylogenetic approach. After successful isolation and amplification of genomic DNA, specific primers were utilised for sequencing of each barcoding gene, followed by nucleotide BLAST analysis to determine the sequence percent identity of each gene with that from other plant species. The best homologs were then utilised for conducting phylogenetic analysis which confirmed the identity of the plant as Andrographis echioides.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81503871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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