Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630471
D. Sharma, Naimish Purohit, Shiwa Chaubey, M. Tiwari, Mradu Bhadauriya, .. Mohit, Nilam Bhasker, Dharmendra Kumar
Aloe vera, a popular succulent perennial medicinal plant with a wide range of phytochemicals that have shown various pharmacological activities including anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, wound healing promotion and so on. Acemannan, aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, and emodin are widely investigated active constituents that show various pharmacological activities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight previous pharmacological studied conducted in vivo, in vitro and human assays over the past decades. As current pharmacological research is focused on anticancer and neurological action, it would be interesting and important to study the main compounds present in Aloe vera for therapeutic purposes.
{"title":"A Review on Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Aloe barbadensis Miller","authors":"D. Sharma, Naimish Purohit, Shiwa Chaubey, M. Tiwari, Mradu Bhadauriya, .. Mohit, Nilam Bhasker, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630471","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera, a popular succulent perennial medicinal plant with a wide range of phytochemicals that have shown various pharmacological activities including anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, wound healing promotion and so on. Acemannan, aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, and emodin are widely investigated active constituents that show various pharmacological activities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight previous pharmacological studied conducted in vivo, in vitro and human assays over the past decades. As current pharmacological research is focused on anticancer and neurological action, it would be interesting and important to study the main compounds present in Aloe vera for therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630469
Okolonkwo, Benjamin Nnamdi, Amadi, Chikadibia Fyneface, C. Okeke, Nyenke, Clement Ugochukwu
Paraquat is a highly toxic chemical used in weed control. Paraquat is known for its ability to generate reactive oxygen species that attack cells and membranes. Vitamin E is a group of vitamins which dissolves in fat and possess antioxidant properties which act as a defense to the cells against oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen species, whereas Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin and a very potent antioxidant which protects the cells of the body from free radicals. The study aim was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of a combination therapy of vitamin E and C on biochemical markers of paraquat induced male albino rats. 200 male albino rats with 0.2±0.02 kg mean weight were used. The 200 rats were divided into four main groups with 50 rats within a group. The groups were labeled A, B C and D. The “A” group was neutral; “B” group was induced with 0.02 g, “C” 0.06g, and “D” 0.06 g of paraquat per kg rat every two weeks for three months. The main groups further had subgroups. “A” group had “A0” and “AVEC” subgroups; “B” group had “B0” and “BVEC” subgroups; “C” group had “C0” and “CVEC” subgroups; “D” group had “D0” and “DVEC” subgroups. “A0”, “B0”, “C0” and “D0” subgroups were not administered with vitamin E + C therapy while “AVEC”, “BVEC”, “CVEC” and “DVEC” were treated orally with 500 mg of vitamin E weekly and 2000 mg/l of vit C medicated water for one month. After then, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and analyzed for the liver function; T. bilirubin, D. bilirubin, T. protein, albumin, and globulin. ANOVA intergroup comparison of A0, B0, C0 and D0 was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intergroup comparison of AVEC, BVEC, CVEC and DVEC was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intra-group comparison showed significant difference only in total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin levels, p-value<0.05. This study therefore has shown that weekly treatment with Vit E + C in one month can treat liver toxicity in rats.
{"title":"The Comparative Effects of Vitamin E + C on the Chronic Toxicity of Paraquat in Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Okolonkwo, Benjamin Nnamdi, Amadi, Chikadibia Fyneface, C. Okeke, Nyenke, Clement Ugochukwu","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i630469","url":null,"abstract":"Paraquat is a highly toxic chemical used in weed control. Paraquat is known for its ability to generate reactive oxygen species that attack cells and membranes. Vitamin E is a group of vitamins which dissolves in fat and possess antioxidant properties which act as a defense to the cells against oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen species, whereas Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin and a very potent antioxidant which protects the cells of the body from free radicals. The study aim was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of a combination therapy of vitamin E and C on biochemical markers of paraquat induced male albino rats. 200 male albino rats with 0.2±0.02 kg mean weight were used. The 200 rats were divided into four main groups with 50 rats within a group. The groups were labeled A, B C and D. The “A” group was neutral; “B” group was induced with 0.02 g, “C” 0.06g, and “D” 0.06 g of paraquat per kg rat every two weeks for three months. The main groups further had subgroups. “A” group had “A0” and “AVEC” subgroups; “B” group had “B0” and “BVEC” subgroups; “C” group had “C0” and “CVEC” subgroups; “D” group had “D0” and “DVEC” subgroups. “A0”, “B0”, “C0” and “D0” subgroups were not administered with vitamin E + C therapy while “AVEC”, “BVEC”, “CVEC” and “DVEC” were treated orally with 500 mg of vitamin E weekly and 2000 mg/l of vit C medicated water for one month. After then, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and analyzed for the liver function; T. bilirubin, D. bilirubin, T. protein, albumin, and globulin. ANOVA intergroup comparison of A0, B0, C0 and D0 was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intergroup comparison of AVEC, BVEC, CVEC and DVEC was statistically significant, p-value<0.05 except for globulin. Intra-group comparison showed significant difference only in total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin levels, p-value<0.05. This study therefore has shown that weekly treatment with Vit E + C in one month can treat liver toxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85433274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530466
Cleide Alves Bispo Mafra, Rosânia Barbosa Coelho, J. Borges, M. Paiva, Christiane Rodrigues de Paula Marques, V. Rodrigues, Jéssyka Viana Valadares Franco, Ilzamar de Sousa Silva Alencar, R. F. Diogo, João Paulo Silva Azeredo, N. Yamashita, P. Vellano, Yara Silveira, Vanderson Ramos Mafra
Traditional medicine covers the rescue of the methodologies and techniques of cure, therapy, and prevention of diseases using medicinal plants. The objective of this paper is to conduct a literature review on the use of herbal medicines in skin treatment. The methodology used was a literature review conducted between 2015 and 2022 in national journals. The databases used were Google Scholar, SciELO, VHL, PubMed, and LILACS, using the following descriptors: "use of herbal medicines in skin treatments", "herbal medicines in skin treatments" and, "phytotherapy". The most commonly used medicinal plants were babosas (Aloe vera L.), arnica (Arnica acaulis L.), and barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), confrei (Symphytum officinale L.), calendula (Calendula arvensis L.) and melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia L.). The most commonly used parts were leaves and bark, and infusion (tea) was the most commonly used preparation method. Most of the medicinal plants cited have their healing power evidenced by the scientific literature, thus favoring the quality of life of the individual who uses them. Thus, this article, obtained expressive results for human health, moreover, they establish an important step of bioprospecting, assisting in the choice of target plants for pharmacological verifications.
{"title":"Review: Use of Herbal Medicinal Products in Skin Treatments","authors":"Cleide Alves Bispo Mafra, Rosânia Barbosa Coelho, J. Borges, M. Paiva, Christiane Rodrigues de Paula Marques, V. Rodrigues, Jéssyka Viana Valadares Franco, Ilzamar de Sousa Silva Alencar, R. F. Diogo, João Paulo Silva Azeredo, N. Yamashita, P. Vellano, Yara Silveira, Vanderson Ramos Mafra","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530466","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine covers the rescue of the methodologies and techniques of cure, therapy, and prevention of diseases using medicinal plants. The objective of this paper is to conduct a literature review on the use of herbal medicines in skin treatment. The methodology used was a literature review conducted between 2015 and 2022 in national journals. The databases used were Google Scholar, SciELO, VHL, PubMed, and LILACS, using the following descriptors: \"use of herbal medicines in skin treatments\", \"herbal medicines in skin treatments\" and, \"phytotherapy\". The most commonly used medicinal plants were babosas (Aloe vera L.), arnica (Arnica acaulis L.), and barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), confrei (Symphytum officinale L.), calendula (Calendula arvensis L.) and melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia L.). The most commonly used parts were leaves and bark, and infusion (tea) was the most commonly used preparation method. Most of the medicinal plants cited have their healing power evidenced by the scientific literature, thus favoring the quality of life of the individual who uses them. Thus, this article, obtained expressive results for human health, moreover, they establish an important step of bioprospecting, assisting in the choice of target plants for pharmacological verifications. ","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79075852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530467
A. Abdullahi, A. C. Adebajo, M. Ayoola, S. Odediran, B. Kolawole
Aims: To evaluate blood glucose-lowering ability of leaf ashes and compare anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Annona muricata leaf extract and ash. Study Design: Ashes and extract of medicinal plants were assayed using glucose-loaded rats model. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2017 and February 2020. Methodology: Adequately prepared ashes of seven plants and A. muricata methanol extract were assayed for anti-hyperglycaemic potentials, using glucose-loaded (10 g/kg, p.o.) Wistar rats that were hyperglycaemic [blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L] thirty minutes thereafter (T0.0). Groups of 5 rats each, were administered 100, 150, 200 mg/kg of different ashes and A. muricata extract (200 mg/kg). Normal saline and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were negative and positive controls, respectively. Their blood glucose levels were determined at 0-4 hours post-extract/ash/drug administration; results analysed using ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls’ and Dunnett post-hoc tests. P ˂ .05 was considered significantly different. Results: 100 mg/kg of Momordica charantia, Azadirachta indica and Eugenia malaccensis leaf ashes was their most active dose, indicating significantly higher extrapancreatic activity. 32, 37, 54, 59 and 36, 43, 50, 48 % reductions elicited by Chromolaena odorata (COLA) and A. muricata (AMLA) ashes (200 mg/kg) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours, respectively made them the most active ashes. Also, blood glucose levels in glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)-, COLA-, AMLA- and its extract (200 mg/kg)-treated rats were comparable (P > .05) and their anti-hyperglycaemic activity was suggested to be due to the pancreatic (insulinotropic) and extra-pancreatic actions of their constituents. Conclusion: Study justified anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal use of plant-ashes in Nigeria, while doses were recommended for the optimum folkloric usage of these leaf ashes in managing diabetes in the rural areas of Nigeria. The leaf ashes may contain elements with glucose postprandial tolerance factor and insulin stimulating properties.
{"title":"Anti-hyperglycaemic Effects of the Ashes of Some Nigerian Anti-diabetic Ethnomedicinal Plants","authors":"A. Abdullahi, A. C. Adebajo, M. Ayoola, S. Odediran, B. Kolawole","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530467","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate blood glucose-lowering ability of leaf ashes and compare anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Annona muricata leaf extract and ash. \u0000Study Design: Ashes and extract of medicinal plants were assayed using glucose-loaded rats model. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2017 and February 2020. \u0000Methodology: Adequately prepared ashes of seven plants and A. muricata methanol extract were assayed for anti-hyperglycaemic potentials, using glucose-loaded (10 g/kg, p.o.) Wistar rats that were hyperglycaemic [blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L] thirty minutes thereafter (T0.0). Groups of 5 rats each, were administered 100, 150, 200 mg/kg of different ashes and A. muricata extract (200 mg/kg). Normal saline and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were negative and positive controls, respectively. Their blood glucose levels were determined at 0-4 hours post-extract/ash/drug administration; results analysed using ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls’ and Dunnett post-hoc tests. P ˂ .05 was considered significantly different. \u0000Results: 100 mg/kg of Momordica charantia, Azadirachta indica and Eugenia malaccensis leaf ashes was their most active dose, indicating significantly higher extrapancreatic activity. 32, 37, 54, 59 and 36, 43, 50, 48 % reductions elicited by Chromolaena odorata (COLA) and A. muricata (AMLA) ashes (200 mg/kg) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours, respectively made them the most active ashes. Also, blood glucose levels in glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)-, COLA-, AMLA- and its extract (200 mg/kg)-treated rats were comparable (P > .05) and their anti-hyperglycaemic activity was suggested to be due to the pancreatic (insulinotropic) and extra-pancreatic actions of their constituents. \u0000Conclusion: Study justified anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal use of plant-ashes in Nigeria, while doses were recommended for the optimum folkloric usage of these leaf ashes in managing diabetes in the rural areas of Nigeria. The leaf ashes may contain elements with glucose postprandial tolerance factor and insulin stimulating properties.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78669847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530465
Kwabena Dabie, Felix Adulley, Boansi Adu Ababio, Emmanuel Peprah Yamoah, Elizabeth Owusuaa
Aims: Alpha (α)-amylase inhibitors from plants are preferable for type 2 diabetes treatment because of their relative potency and safety. This study examined, in vitro, the inhibitory effect of Anthocleista nobilis leaf extract on starch hydrolysis catalyzed by α -amylase (extracted from moated sorghum). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry (School of Biological Sciences) and Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, between June 2021 and August 2021. Methodology: Leaves of A. nobilis were air-dried, pulverized, and macerated in 70% aqueous ethanol for 72 hrs. The filtrate was concentrated and reconstituted in 0.02M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) for further analysis including Phytoconstituents screening. In vitro analysis of α -amylase activity as well as inhibitory effect of A. nobilis extract on α -amylase was performed. The Lineweaver-Burk plot was employed in the inhibition analysis to determine the inhibition type, maximum initial reaction rate (Vmax), as well as the Michaelis constant (KM). Results: The percentage inhibition of α-amylase ranged from 25.0 ± 0.46% - 85.7 ± 2.17% for 0.1mg/mL and 0.9mg/mL of the A. nobilis leaf extract respectively. The mode of α-amylase inhibition was found from the Lineweaver-Burk plot as mixed noncompetitive. The KM and Vmax were determined as 0.2043 mM and 0.1282 mM/min respectively. In contrast, KM for the control were 0.1537mM and Vmax of 0.09750 mM/min. The inhibition property of A. nobilis could be attributed to its phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids that were present. Conclusion: Anthocleista Nobilis leaf extract contains certain naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds and could be explored for treating type 2 diabetic patients. These findings, however, need further work to validate the exact bioactive constituents responsible for the inhibitory effect.
{"title":"Alpha (α)-amylase Inhibitory Property of Anthocleista nobilis Leaf Extract","authors":"Kwabena Dabie, Felix Adulley, Boansi Adu Ababio, Emmanuel Peprah Yamoah, Elizabeth Owusuaa","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530465","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Alpha (α)-amylase inhibitors from plants are preferable for type 2 diabetes treatment because of their relative potency and safety. This study examined, in vitro, the inhibitory effect of Anthocleista nobilis leaf extract on starch hydrolysis catalyzed by α -amylase (extracted from moated sorghum). \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry (School of Biological Sciences) and Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana, between June 2021 and August 2021. \u0000Methodology: Leaves of A. nobilis were air-dried, pulverized, and macerated in 70% aqueous ethanol for 72 hrs. The filtrate was concentrated and reconstituted in 0.02M Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) for further analysis including Phytoconstituents screening. In vitro analysis of α -amylase activity as well as inhibitory effect of A. nobilis extract on α -amylase was performed. The Lineweaver-Burk plot was employed in the inhibition analysis to determine the inhibition type, maximum initial reaction rate (Vmax), as well as the Michaelis constant (KM). \u0000Results: The percentage inhibition of α-amylase ranged from 25.0 ± 0.46% - 85.7 ± 2.17% for 0.1mg/mL and 0.9mg/mL of the A. nobilis leaf extract respectively. The mode of α-amylase inhibition was found from the Lineweaver-Burk plot as mixed noncompetitive. The KM and Vmax were determined as 0.2043 mM and 0.1282 mM/min respectively. In contrast, KM for the control were 0.1537mM and Vmax of 0.09750 mM/min. The inhibition property of A. nobilis could be attributed to its phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids that were present. \u0000Conclusion: Anthocleista Nobilis leaf extract contains certain naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds and could be explored for treating type 2 diabetic patients. These findings, however, need further work to validate the exact bioactive constituents responsible for the inhibitory effect.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86294839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530464
Rui Zhang, Kaat Verzelen, R. Tsobou, W. Vanhove, V. Nguetsop, P. Damme
Background: In Cameroon, numerous people rely on medicinal plants and possess knowledge on the use of these plants. Plant knowledge from indigenous people is rapidly disappearing due to environmental, social and economic pressure, processes and changes. In view of this, ethnobotanical studies have been carried out in the area where medicinal plants are the main source of health care in order to preserve traditional knowledge of plant use. This study aims to document and quantify medicinal plant knowledge on the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions of Menoua Division, West Cameroon. Methods: Information related to medicinal plant species and plant remedies was collected through semi-structured interviews with 34 informants accompanied by homegarden sampling, walk-in-the-woods and snowball sampling. Quantitative methods were used to determine cultural importance index, relative frequency of citation and fidelity level which represent informants’ consensus. Results: A total of 49 medicinal plant species representing 26 different botanical families were recorded in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions of Menoua Division, West Cameroon. Most-cited plant families were Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Rhamnaceae. Plant species Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Asystasia spp., Cymbopogon citratus, Gouania spp., Persea americana, Sonchus oleraceus and Vernonia amygdalina were considered as relatively important plants for treating diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments. Conclusions: The study indicated the unique knowledge of medicinal plants used for treating diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions. Our findings not only confirm uses of medicinal plants documented elsewhere, but also add interesting new information that should be confirmed through formal biochemical analysis and clinical trials.
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal Study of Plants Used for Treatment of Diabetes, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Ailments in Fokoue and Santchou Subdivisions, Menoua Division of West Cameroon","authors":"Rui Zhang, Kaat Verzelen, R. Tsobou, W. Vanhove, V. Nguetsop, P. Damme","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530464","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Cameroon, numerous people rely on medicinal plants and possess knowledge on the use of these plants. Plant knowledge from indigenous people is rapidly disappearing due to environmental, social and economic pressure, processes and changes. In view of this, ethnobotanical studies have been carried out in the area where medicinal plants are the main source of health care in order to preserve traditional knowledge of plant use. This study aims to document and quantify medicinal plant knowledge on the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions of Menoua Division, West Cameroon. \u0000Methods: Information related to medicinal plant species and plant remedies was collected through semi-structured interviews with 34 informants accompanied by homegarden sampling, walk-in-the-woods and snowball sampling. Quantitative methods were used to determine cultural importance index, relative frequency of citation and fidelity level which represent informants’ consensus. \u0000Results: A total of 49 medicinal plant species representing 26 different botanical families were recorded in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions of Menoua Division, West Cameroon. Most-cited plant families were Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Rhamnaceae. Plant species Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Asystasia spp., Cymbopogon citratus, Gouania spp., Persea americana, Sonchus oleraceus and Vernonia amygdalina were considered as relatively important plants for treating diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments. \u0000Conclusions: The study indicated the unique knowledge of medicinal plants used for treating diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular ailments in Fokoue and Santchou subdivisions. Our findings not only confirm uses of medicinal plants documented elsewhere, but also add interesting new information that should be confirmed through formal biochemical analysis and clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74457394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530463
C. Almeida, F. França, M. Chaves, K. T. Santos, M. C. F. Santos, E. Menezes, Sandra de Sousa Araujo, C. Araújo, V. Royo
Aims: The objective of this work was to analyze the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the fractions of ethyl acetate from the leaves of D. pubipetala. Methodology: Liquid-liquid partitioning was performed, the ethyl acetate partition was eluted in classical liquid chromatography, followed by thin layer chromatography. Antioxidant activity was performed by the DPPH photochlorimetric method and the levels of interleukin (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and nitric oxide (NO) were identified in supernatants of cell cultures. Results: Fractions F4, F5 and F10 showed antioxidant activity. The F10 fraction indicated efficient anti-inflammatory activity by the production of IL-10 and nitric oxides. Fractions F4, F5 and F9 stimulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion: These results indicate a possible synergistic action of the extract and the partition of ethyl acetate, since after fractionation the potential presented in previous studies was lower.
{"title":"Analysis of the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of the Fractions Obtained From the Ethyl Acetate Partition of the Leaves of Diplopterys Pubipetala","authors":"C. Almeida, F. França, M. Chaves, K. T. Santos, M. C. F. Santos, E. Menezes, Sandra de Sousa Araujo, C. Araújo, V. Royo","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i530463","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The objective of this work was to analyze the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of the fractions of ethyl acetate from the leaves of D. pubipetala. \u0000Methodology: Liquid-liquid partitioning was performed, the ethyl acetate partition was eluted in classical liquid chromatography, followed by thin layer chromatography. Antioxidant activity was performed by the DPPH photochlorimetric method and the levels of interleukin (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and nitric oxide (NO) were identified in supernatants of cell cultures. \u0000Results: Fractions F4, F5 and F10 showed antioxidant activity. The F10 fraction indicated efficient anti-inflammatory activity by the production of IL-10 and nitric oxides. Fractions F4, F5 and F9 stimulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. \u0000Conclusion: These results indicate a possible synergistic action of the extract and the partition of ethyl acetate, since after fractionation the potential presented in previous studies was lower. \u0000","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86401248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430462
Choundong Yemele Christine, N. E. Laure, Bogning Zangueu Calvin, Magne Fongang Annie Laure, Mbock Armel Junior, Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise, Dongmo Alain Bertrand
Aims: Nauclea vanderguchtii (N. vanderguchtii) species belongs to the family Rubiaceae and it is widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine against inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism and gastric disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of a methanol extracts of leaves, stems, roots and barks with multiparametric analyses through in vitro assays and an in vivo model. Methodology: Leaves, stems, barks and roots of N. vanderguchtii were air-dried and a methanolic extract was further obtained. Red blood cell membrane stabilization and protein denaturation were carried out as screening assays for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, following by Diphenyl picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’- azino-bis – (3 - ethylbenzothiazoline -6- sulfonique (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ( FRAP) antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory capacity of leaves and stems methanolic extract was evaluated in vivo by carrageenan-induced oedema. Results: Each part of Nauclea vanderguchtii, effectively and significantly stabilized red blood cell membrane. The methanol leaves extract exhibited better effect (53.12%), followed by stems (50.55%), barks (50.98%) and roots (49.6%) compare to an ibuprofen (51.16%), a standard reference drug. Those extracts also inhibited the denaturation of the egg albumin (P ˂ .05; P ˂ .01). Methanol stem and leaves extracts from plant were the effective scavengers of ABTS - radical (95.92 ± 0.37%), DPPH - radical (91.12 ± 0.13%). FRAP of methanolic extract was concentration-dependent. Moreover, methanol leaves extract of Nauclea vanderguchtii, significantly (P<.01) prevented paw edema with the maxima 58.97% (200 mg / kg). Conclusion: This study shows that N. vanderguchtii extracts possess significant anti-inflammatory and antiradical activities. These activities are more pronounced in leaves than other parts of plant and justify the traditional use.
{"title":"In vivo and In vitro Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Methonolic Extract of Different Parts from Nauclea vanderguchtii De Wild (Rubiaceae)","authors":"Choundong Yemele Christine, N. E. Laure, Bogning Zangueu Calvin, Magne Fongang Annie Laure, Mbock Armel Junior, Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise, Dongmo Alain Bertrand","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430462","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Nauclea vanderguchtii (N. vanderguchtii) species belongs to the family Rubiaceae and it is widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine against inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism and gastric disorders. The present study was aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of a methanol extracts of leaves, stems, roots and barks with multiparametric analyses through in vitro assays and an in vivo model. \u0000Methodology: Leaves, stems, barks and roots of N. vanderguchtii were air-dried and a methanolic extract was further obtained. Red blood cell membrane stabilization and protein denaturation were carried out as screening assays for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, following by Diphenyl picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’- azino-bis – (3 - ethylbenzothiazoline -6- sulfonique (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ( FRAP) antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory capacity of leaves and stems methanolic extract was evaluated in vivo by carrageenan-induced oedema. \u0000Results: Each part of Nauclea vanderguchtii, effectively and significantly stabilized red blood cell membrane. The methanol leaves extract exhibited better effect (53.12%), followed by stems (50.55%), barks (50.98%) and roots (49.6%) compare to an ibuprofen (51.16%), a standard reference drug. Those extracts also inhibited the denaturation of the egg albumin (P ˂ .05; P ˂ .01). Methanol stem and leaves extracts from plant were the effective scavengers of ABTS - radical (95.92 ± 0.37%), DPPH - radical (91.12 ± 0.13%). FRAP of methanolic extract was concentration-dependent. Moreover, methanol leaves extract of Nauclea vanderguchtii, significantly (P<.01) prevented paw edema with the maxima 58.97% (200 mg / kg). \u0000Conclusion: This study shows that N. vanderguchtii extracts possess significant anti-inflammatory and antiradical activities. These activities are more pronounced in leaves than other parts of plant and justify the traditional use.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90824862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430459
Rita M. Sunday, Bartholomew O. Ibeh
The plant, Asparagus africanus is used for treating diabetes mellitus and other diseases in traditional medicine. This research work was aimed at determining the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Asparagus africanus root aqueous extract in Wistar rats induced with diabetes using streptozotocin. Oral administration of 10 g glucose/ kg body weight was used for physiological induction of diabetes and intaperitoneal administration of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight was used for chemical induction of diabetes. The animals were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg Asparagus africanus extract orally. The concentration of glucose in the blood was measured in minutes and days. The concentration of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and reduced glutathione [GSH]) in the liver tissues and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level was determined. Asparagus africanus root aqueous extract decreased the concentration of blood glucose and increased antioxidant enzymes (catalase and GSH) levels significantly (p < 0.05) in 21 days treated animals when compared to the untreated animals (control). Asparagus africanus extract decreased TBARS concentration significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with the control. A. africanus extract at 400 mg/kg had a higher antidiabetic and antioxidant activities when compared with 100 mg/kg. This research work suggests that Asparagus africanus root posses antidiabetic and antioxidant properties; and it also reduced lipid peroxidation in 21 days treated diabetic rats.
{"title":"Effect of Asparagus africanus on Glucose Level and Enzymatic Antioxidants: Antidiabetic Study","authors":"Rita M. Sunday, Bartholomew O. Ibeh","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430459","url":null,"abstract":"The plant, Asparagus africanus is used for treating diabetes mellitus and other diseases in traditional medicine. This research work was aimed at determining the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Asparagus africanus root aqueous extract in Wistar rats induced with diabetes using streptozotocin. Oral administration of 10 g glucose/ kg body weight was used for physiological induction of diabetes and intaperitoneal administration of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight was used for chemical induction of diabetes. The animals were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg Asparagus africanus extract orally. The concentration of glucose in the blood was measured in minutes and days. The concentration of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and reduced glutathione [GSH]) in the liver tissues and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level was determined. Asparagus africanus root aqueous extract decreased the concentration of blood glucose and increased antioxidant enzymes (catalase and GSH) levels significantly (p < 0.05) in 21 days treated animals when compared to the untreated animals (control). Asparagus africanus extract decreased TBARS concentration significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with the control. A. africanus extract at 400 mg/kg had a higher antidiabetic and antioxidant activities when compared with 100 mg/kg. This research work suggests that Asparagus africanus root posses antidiabetic and antioxidant properties; and it also reduced lipid peroxidation in 21 days treated diabetic rats.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i330457
T. Chadda, A. C. Rana
Dementia is a brain disorder marked by cognitive dys functioning which causes loss of learning , thinking and memory .Various drugs that possess nootropic activity are used for treatment of dementia but emerges side effects. To overcome these side effects plants with medicinal importance came into existence. India has wide variety of medicinal plants (Centella asiatica, Clitoria ternatea ,Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa etc) that has been claimed for nootropic activity with limited side effects. Nootropic activity of medicinal plants can be screened with various animals models that has been able to identify chemicals with potential therapeutic efficacy. The current review article rehabilitates knowledge of medicinal plants with nootropic action, as well as the animal models needed to screen them.
{"title":"A Review on Medicinal Plants with Potential Nootropic Activity along with Animal Models Needed for their Screening","authors":"T. Chadda, A. C. Rana","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i330457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i330457","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a brain disorder marked by cognitive dys functioning which causes loss of learning , thinking and memory .Various drugs that possess nootropic activity are used for treatment of dementia but emerges side effects. To overcome these side effects plants with medicinal importance came into existence. India has wide variety of medicinal plants (Centella asiatica, Clitoria ternatea ,Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa etc) that has been claimed for nootropic activity with limited side effects. Nootropic activity of medicinal plants can be screened with various animals models that has been able to identify chemicals with potential therapeutic efficacy. The current review article rehabilitates knowledge of medicinal plants with nootropic action, as well as the animal models needed to screen them.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82240988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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