J. Jessy, Rajesh Kumar, A. Kaur, K. Kapoor, M. Sharma, Amandeep Kaur
VACTERL association occurs in 1 in 10000- 40000 live births and is associated with vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal dysplasia and limb defects. A 19-week-old male foetus with antenatal diagnosis of foetal hydronephrosis on antenatal ultrasound in the left kidney was medically terminated and brought for foetal autopsy. No other malformation was reported on antenatal scan. On autopsy, facial abnormalities, upper and lower limb defects, coronal vertebral clefts and imperforate anus with a two vesselumbilical cord were found. Both environmental and genetic factors are considered to be responsible for this association. The present case illustrates the importance of foetal autopsy for making a definitive diagnosis in the missed sonographic findings like anal atresia and absence of upper- and lower-limb bones.
{"title":"Significance of foetal autopsy in diagnosis of VACTERL association","authors":"J. Jessy, Rajesh Kumar, A. Kaur, K. Kapoor, M. Sharma, Amandeep Kaur","doi":"10.52083/winx3037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/winx3037","url":null,"abstract":"VACTERL association occurs in 1 in 10000- 40000 live births and is associated with vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal dysplasia and limb defects. A 19-week-old male foetus with antenatal diagnosis of foetal hydronephrosis on antenatal ultrasound in the left kidney was medically terminated and brought for foetal autopsy. No other malformation was reported on antenatal scan. On autopsy, facial abnormalities, upper and lower limb defects, coronal vertebral clefts and imperforate anus with a two vesselumbilical cord were found. Both environmental and genetic factors are considered to be responsible for this association. The present case illustrates the importance of foetal autopsy for making a definitive diagnosis in the missed sonographic findings like anal atresia and absence of upper- and lower-limb bones.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
of the hepatic veins and any variation thereof is pivotal for successful hepatic surgeries, as these vessels serve as a hepatic field guideline in living donor liver transplantations (LDLT) and hepatic resections. To date, numerous morphological variations in different populations other than a South African population have been published and thus the following research study was conducted to investigate and document morphological variations in a South African population. The following descriptive study aimed to contribute to a better preoperative understanding of hepatic vein anatomy impacting surgeries conducted in South Africa. This research study was conducted on 40 livers from donated bodies of 20 females and 20 males, used for academic purposes in the Department of Human Biology, at the University of Cape Town. The age range was between 33 to 105 years old with an average age of 75. The livers were removed, and the liver tissue was scraped away to expose the hepatic veins from their origin of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to their terminating branching points within the various hepatic segments. All the livers presented all three major hepatic veins, 90.0% of the livers had a common trunk (n = 36), and the remaining 10.0% had no common trunk (n = 4). The major and minor hepatic veins were observed for all the livers. This study found various morphological variations in a South African population that are of clinical significance with a high prevalence of accessory right hepatic veins.
{"title":"The anatomical variations of the hepatic veins in a South African sample","authors":"L. Pretorius, G. Gunston, K. Mpolokeng","doi":"10.52083/uhpv1823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/uhpv1823","url":null,"abstract":"of the hepatic veins and any variation thereof is pivotal for successful hepatic surgeries, as these vessels serve as a hepatic field guideline in living donor liver transplantations (LDLT) and hepatic resections. To date, numerous morphological variations in different populations other than a South African population have been published and thus the following research study was conducted to investigate and document morphological variations in a South African population. The following descriptive study aimed to contribute to a better preoperative understanding of hepatic vein anatomy impacting surgeries conducted in South Africa. This research study was conducted on 40 livers from donated bodies of 20 females and 20 males, used for academic purposes in the Department of Human Biology, at the University of Cape Town. The age range was between 33 to 105 years old with an average age of 75. The livers were removed, and the liver tissue was scraped away to expose the hepatic veins from their origin of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to their terminating branching points within the various hepatic segments. All the livers presented all three major hepatic veins, 90.0% of the livers had a common trunk (n = 36), and the remaining 10.0% had no common trunk (n = 4). The major and minor hepatic veins were observed for all the livers. This study found various morphological variations in a South African population that are of clinical significance with a high prevalence of accessory right hepatic veins.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82297291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several tendons can be used as autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the choice often depends on the surgeons’ preferences. The quadriceps tendon is a commonly used autograft. This study presented, for the first time, the morphometry of the harvestable area of the QT using a simple tracing method. Adult cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were carefully dissected to expose the tendon. Then the tendon outline (premarked to enhance visibility) was then traced on a firmly secured wax paper which assumed the curvature of the tendon in situ. The tracing was then scanned (with its inscribed scale bar) and the morphometrics were measured on the digitized images using an imageJ software. The limb length was also measured in order to normalize all the measurements. Despite the observable difference in the surface area of the quadriceps tendon in each individual, there was no significant difference. For the other measurements, there were no side or sex differences except for the straight distal width which is sexually dimorphic. Some paired parameters showed a strong correlation but the correlation between the limb length and other measurements was weak. These data will be useful for pre-operative planning of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and will shed more light into the usability of the quadriceps tendon as a graft with respect to healing at the donor site and the return of knee function.
{"title":"Morphometry of the harvestable surface area of quadriceps tendon using a simple tracing method: A common ACL autograft","authors":"Sabiha Latiff, O. Olateju","doi":"10.52083/tdbn2622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/tdbn2622","url":null,"abstract":"Several tendons can be used as autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and the choice often depends on the surgeons’ preferences. The quadriceps tendon is a commonly used autograft. This study presented, for the first time, the morphometry of the harvestable area of the QT using a simple tracing method. Adult cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were carefully dissected to expose the tendon. Then the tendon outline (premarked to enhance visibility) was then traced on a firmly secured wax paper which assumed the curvature of the tendon in situ. The tracing was then scanned (with its inscribed scale bar) and the morphometrics were measured on the digitized images using an imageJ software. The limb length was also measured in order to normalize all the measurements. Despite the observable difference in the surface area of the quadriceps tendon in each individual, there was no significant difference. For the other measurements, there were no side or sex differences except for the straight distal width which is sexually dimorphic. Some paired parameters showed a strong correlation but the correlation between the limb length and other measurements was weak. These data will be useful for pre-operative planning of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and will shed more light into the usability of the quadriceps tendon as a graft with respect to healing at the donor site and the return of knee function.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81232453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Mingorance Álvarez, R. Martínez Quintana, A. M. Pérez Pico, Raquel Mayordomo
Nail consistency is a little studied characteristic of the nail plate. Numerous factors can influence its determination, including the anatomy of the nail apparatus, the structure of the nail plate, and the type and quantity of keratins present. To study the relationship between nail consistency and the expression level of type I keratins, a sample was chosen of 32 individuals in the same age group (49.94 ± 3.38 years), 18 with hard consistency nails and 14 with soft consistency nails, with the same number of individuals for each gender. Two buffers with different concentrations of reducing agent (50mM and 200mM) and two antibodies to various type I keratins were analyzed by immunoblotting. The mean extracted protein concentration at 50mM was significantly higher than the concentration at 200mM (p-value<0.001). The expression level obtained with the AE13 antibody did not vary with gender or nail consistency (p-values≥0.942). With the cytokeratin 17 antibody (CTK17), no differences were found by gender (p-value=0.341). However, significant differences were established between hard-consistency and soft-consistency nails (p-values≤0.007) for the two concentrations, and between concentrations for soft consistency nails (p-value=0.001). Hard-consistency nails had a higher expression level of K17. Adding to the elemental analysis between layers and the flexural behavior of the nail plate studied reported in previous studies, this work demonstrates that nail consistency also depends
{"title":"Determining nail consistency by quantification of type I keratins","authors":"Esther Mingorance Álvarez, R. Martínez Quintana, A. M. Pérez Pico, Raquel Mayordomo","doi":"10.52083/xkzr3881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/xkzr3881","url":null,"abstract":"Nail consistency is a little studied characteristic of the nail plate. Numerous factors can influence its determination, including the anatomy of the nail apparatus, the structure of the nail plate, and the type and quantity of keratins present. To study the relationship between nail consistency and the expression level of type I keratins, a sample was chosen of 32 individuals in the same age group (49.94 ± 3.38 years), 18 with hard consistency nails and 14 with soft consistency nails, with the same number of individuals for each gender. Two buffers with different concentrations of reducing agent (50mM and 200mM) and two antibodies to various type I keratins were analyzed by immunoblotting. The mean extracted protein concentration at 50mM was significantly higher than the concentration at 200mM (p-value<0.001). The expression level obtained with the AE13 antibody did not vary with gender or nail consistency (p-values≥0.942). With the cytokeratin 17 antibody (CTK17), no differences were found by gender (p-value=0.341). However, significant differences were established between hard-consistency and soft-consistency nails (p-values≤0.007) for the two concentrations, and between concentrations for soft consistency nails (p-value=0.001). Hard-consistency nails had a higher expression level of K17. Adding to the elemental analysis between layers and the flexural behavior of the nail plate studied reported in previous studies, this work demonstrates that nail consistency also depends","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82309019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akinlolu, A. Oyewopo, R. Kadir, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen, Victor Owoniyi, Fauzeeyah Adam, Shukrat Okeleye
Arsenic-induced carcinogenesis can result in cancers of the liver in exposed organisms. This study evaluated anticancer potentials of MLF1 and AMF1 extracted from Morinda lucida and Annona muicata leaves respectively in Sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was control. Group 2 received 5-weeks administrations of 10 mg/kg bodyweight of SA. Groups 3-6 received SA-dose for 2 weeks followed by 3-weeks posttreatments with MLF1-doses and AMF1-doses respectively. Groups 7-10 received only 5-weeks administrations of MLF1-doses and AMF1- doses respectively. Groups 11 and 12 received 5-weeks co-administrations of SA-dose with highdoses of MLF1 and AMF1 respectively. Drugs/ extracts were administered orally. Liver histopathology (Heamatoxylin and Eosin) and ELISA concentrations of sera Melatonin and TNF-alpha were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituricacid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed. Results showed normal liver histology in Groups 1-12. Post-treatments of SA-induced toxicity with MLF1 and AMF1 resulted in significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant decreased levels (P≥0.05) of Malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha and p53, but significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant increased Melatonin levels (P≥0.05) in Groups 3-12 compared with Group 2. MLF1 and AMF1 possess anticancer, antioxidant, pro-Melatonin, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective potentials.
{"title":"Morinda lucida and Annona muricata reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and promoted melatonin/TNFα/p53-mediated apoptosis in sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in rats","authors":"A. Akinlolu, A. Oyewopo, R. Kadir, Mubarak Oloduowo Ameen, Victor Owoniyi, Fauzeeyah Adam, Shukrat Okeleye","doi":"10.52083/gsij9555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/gsij9555","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic-induced carcinogenesis can result in cancers of the liver in exposed organisms. This study evaluated anticancer potentials of MLF1 and AMF1 extracted from Morinda lucida and Annona muicata leaves respectively in Sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was control. Group 2 received 5-weeks administrations of 10 mg/kg bodyweight of SA. Groups 3-6 received SA-dose for 2 weeks followed by 3-weeks posttreatments with MLF1-doses and AMF1-doses respectively. Groups 7-10 received only 5-weeks administrations of MLF1-doses and AMF1- doses respectively. Groups 11 and 12 received 5-weeks co-administrations of SA-dose with highdoses of MLF1 and AMF1 respectively. Drugs/ extracts were administered orally. Liver histopathology (Heamatoxylin and Eosin) and ELISA concentrations of sera Melatonin and TNF-alpha were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituricacid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed. Results showed normal liver histology in Groups 1-12. Post-treatments of SA-induced toxicity with MLF1 and AMF1 resulted in significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant decreased levels (P≥0.05) of Malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha and p53, but significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant increased Melatonin levels (P≥0.05) in Groups 3-12 compared with Group 2. MLF1 and AMF1 possess anticancer, antioxidant, pro-Melatonin, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective potentials.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83072281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayla Arslan, E. Balcıoğlu, M. Nisari, B. Yalçın, M. Ülger, Emel Güler, Gökçe Bağcı Uzun, N. Acer
The electromagnetic field (EMF) has an effect on various organs, including the female reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of carnosine on ovarian follicle number and diameter in rats exposed to a 900 Megahertz (Mhz) electromagnetic field. In this study, six different groups were used. 40 female rats divided into groups were evaluated. The ovaries of the rats were removed at the end of the study. Routine histological procedures were performed on ovarian tissues. Follicle number and diameter of all groups were calculated and evaluated under the light microscope. When primary follicle number and diameters were compared statistically among the groups, there was a remarkably meaningful difference between the EMF group and the control, 20 mg carnosine and EMF+20 mg carnosine groups (p<0.05). There were significant irregularities in the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, especially in the EMF-treated groups. However, the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte in the EMF+20 mg carnosine group showed a more regular structure compared to the EMF group. In this study, it can be concluded that the number and diameter of ovarian follicles decreased in rats exposed to electromagnetic field and 20 mg of carnosine may prevent damage caused by EMF.
{"title":"Effect of carnosine on ovarian follicle in rats exposed to electromagnetic field","authors":"Ayla Arslan, E. Balcıoğlu, M. Nisari, B. Yalçın, M. Ülger, Emel Güler, Gökçe Bağcı Uzun, N. Acer","doi":"10.52083/tesq7230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/tesq7230","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic field (EMF) has an effect on various organs, including the female reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of carnosine on ovarian follicle number and diameter in rats exposed to a 900 Megahertz (Mhz) electromagnetic field. In this study, six different groups were used. 40 female rats divided into groups were evaluated. The ovaries of the rats were removed at the end of the study. Routine histological procedures were performed on ovarian tissues. Follicle number and diameter of all groups were calculated and evaluated under the light microscope. When primary follicle number and diameters were compared statistically among the groups, there was a remarkably meaningful difference between the EMF group and the control, 20 mg carnosine and EMF+20 mg carnosine groups (p<0.05). There were significant irregularities in the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, especially in the EMF-treated groups. However, the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte in the EMF+20 mg carnosine group showed a more regular structure compared to the EMF group. In this study, it can be concluded that the number and diameter of ovarian follicles decreased in rats exposed to electromagnetic field and 20 mg of carnosine may prevent damage caused by EMF.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85375287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subsequent implementation of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities to keep the students away from the institutions. The aim of the study was to conduct a survey through medical colleges among anatomy teachers along with an exploration of optimization of the transitions which can assist to improve the quality of online teaching. The objectives were to identify the virtual learning interventions implemented by different medical colleges in India during Covid-19 pandemic periods, and to identify suitable technological intervention for teaching anatomy from the educator’s point of view. A cross sectional study was conducted by convenience sampling method. A differential rating scale questionnaire study was conducted. A hundred participants from the department of anatomy of 100 medical colleges with a minimum of 3 years of experience in teaching in the field were the samples. Faculty other than anatomy department of medical colleges was excluded. Consents were taken from each participant and participant information was shared by email. The teachers were from both from Government and from Private Institutions. For most teachers, the biggest difficulty in implementing online teaching during the initial year of online teaching at 2020 was the unstable online teaching environments, platforms and tools (47%), followed by their unfamiliarity with online teaching techniques, platforms and tools (26%). Further, 17% had problems due to insufficient training and management of online teaching from college. This study assists to improve the design and quality of online teaching by suggesting for the change in infrastructure by arranging online portal handson coaching for rendering online education.
{"title":"A cross sectional study on the online teaching strategies of gross anatomy and histology during the COVID-19 pandemic periods","authors":"Divia Paul A, Manisha R Gaikwad, Ranajit Das","doi":"10.52083/yrtb9630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/yrtb9630","url":null,"abstract":"The subsequent implementation of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities to keep the students away from the institutions. The aim of the study was to conduct a survey through medical colleges among anatomy teachers along with an exploration of optimization of the transitions which can assist to improve the quality of online teaching. The objectives were to identify the virtual learning interventions implemented by different medical colleges in India during Covid-19 pandemic periods, and to identify suitable technological intervention for teaching anatomy from the educator’s point of view. A cross sectional study was conducted by convenience sampling method. A differential rating scale questionnaire study was conducted. A hundred participants from the department of anatomy of 100 medical colleges with a minimum of 3 years of experience in teaching in the field were the samples. Faculty other than anatomy department of medical colleges was excluded. Consents were taken from each participant and participant information was shared by email. The teachers were from both from Government and from Private Institutions. For most teachers, the biggest difficulty in implementing online teaching during the initial year of online teaching at 2020 was the unstable online teaching environments, platforms and tools (47%), followed by their unfamiliarity with online teaching techniques, platforms and tools (26%). Further, 17% had problems due to insufficient training and management of online teaching from college. This study assists to improve the design and quality of online teaching by suggesting for the change in infrastructure by arranging online portal handson coaching for rendering online education.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81502830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gnanasekaran, Raveendranath Veeramani, A. Karuppusamy
This study was aimed to evaluate the anatomical variations and morphometry of long extrinsic tendons of the thumb namely, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Fiftyfive upper limbs of formalin embalmed adult cadavers were dissected. The variation in muscle belly, tendon, its course within dorsal wrist compartment and mode of insertion were noted. The extensor pollicis longus was duplicated in 5.5%. Around 25% tendons were fused with extensor pollicis brevis and through the extensor hood insert into the base of the distal phalanx. The extensor pollicis brevis was absent in 2% and tendon was also duplicated in 2%. In case of absent extensor pollicis brevis tendon, one of the slips from the abductor pollicis longus insert into base of the proximal phalanx instead of the extensor pollicis brevis. The extensor pollicis brevis tendon showed various modes of insertion. The overall length of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis were 121 mm and 90 mm respectively. The thickness of the extensor pollicis longus at the proximal, middle and distal level of insertion were 1.25 mm, 0.76 mm and 0.55 mm respectively, whereas for the extensor pollicis brevis it was 1mm, 0.75 mm and 0.53 mm. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the hand surgeons in the management of extensor tendon injuries of the thumb, its reconstructive procedures and in differential diagnosis of dorsal wrist pain.
{"title":"Morphometry of extensors of the thumb with comprehensive review","authors":"D. Gnanasekaran, Raveendranath Veeramani, A. Karuppusamy","doi":"10.52083/pmcg7678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/pmcg7678","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to evaluate the anatomical variations and morphometry of long extrinsic tendons of the thumb namely, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Fiftyfive upper limbs of formalin embalmed adult cadavers were dissected. The variation in muscle belly, tendon, its course within dorsal wrist compartment and mode of insertion were noted. The extensor pollicis longus was duplicated in 5.5%. Around 25% tendons were fused with extensor pollicis brevis and through the extensor hood insert into the base of the distal phalanx. The extensor pollicis brevis was absent in 2% and tendon was also duplicated in 2%. In case of absent extensor pollicis brevis tendon, one of the slips from the abductor pollicis longus insert into base of the proximal phalanx instead of the extensor pollicis brevis. The extensor pollicis brevis tendon showed various modes of insertion. The overall length of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis were 121 mm and 90 mm respectively. The thickness of the extensor pollicis longus at the proximal, middle and distal level of insertion were 1.25 mm, 0.76 mm and 0.55 mm respectively, whereas for the extensor pollicis brevis it was 1mm, 0.75 mm and 0.53 mm. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the hand surgeons in the management of extensor tendon injuries of the thumb, its reconstructive procedures and in differential diagnosis of dorsal wrist pain.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87678752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to assess the characteristics of the internal iliac artery and to examine correlations between the internal iliac artery and other anatomic structures in the pelvis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between October 2019 and May 2020. Eighteen samples of the left and right internal iliac arteries were taken from formaldehyde-embalmed female cadavers at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Anatomy. The study showed that the origins of most internal iliac arteries were located by the lumbar vertebrae 4-5. The mean distance from the origin of the internal iliac artery origin to the sacral promontory was 33.95 ± 3.35 mm (on the left), and 31.70 ± 4.64 mm (on the right). The internal iliac artery always had two big branches – anterior and posterior. A third branch was an ilio-lumbar artery, often seen by 43.33%. The diameters of those internal iliac artery branches were comparable on both sides, and the branches of similar name had a little larger diameter on the left than on the right. The internal iliac artery always has two large anterior and posterior branches; in some cases, it has a third branch called ilio-lumbar artery. The internal iliac artery’s length from its origin to the initial branch division is comparable for both right and left sides. The distance from the internal iliac artery’s origin to the sacral promontory is suggestive for surgeons to find the internal iliac artery after determining the sacral promontory.
{"title":"Insight into Vietnamese women’s internal iliac artery anatomy","authors":"T. Vo, T. Nguyen, Hoang Pham, B. Nguyen, B. Vo","doi":"10.52083/flot6898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/flot6898","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the characteristics of the internal iliac artery and to examine correlations between the internal iliac artery and other anatomic structures in the pelvis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between October 2019 and May 2020. Eighteen samples of the left and right internal iliac arteries were taken from formaldehyde-embalmed female cadavers at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Anatomy. The study showed that the origins of most internal iliac arteries were located by the lumbar vertebrae 4-5. The mean distance from the origin of the internal iliac artery origin to the sacral promontory was 33.95 ± 3.35 mm (on the left), and 31.70 ± 4.64 mm (on the right). The internal iliac artery always had two big branches – anterior and posterior. A third branch was an ilio-lumbar artery, often seen by 43.33%. The diameters of those internal iliac artery branches were comparable on both sides, and the branches of similar name had a little larger diameter on the left than on the right. The internal iliac artery always has two large anterior and posterior branches; in some cases, it has a third branch called ilio-lumbar artery. The internal iliac artery’s length from its origin to the initial branch division is comparable for both right and left sides. The distance from the internal iliac artery’s origin to the sacral promontory is suggestive for surgeons to find the internal iliac artery after determining the sacral promontory.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74456201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The group of drugs known as Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are among the most widely prescribed CNS-depressant drugs. Alprazolam (Alp) is a member of the BDZs family, commonly prescribed as an antipsychotic and anxiolytic agent. Induction of oxidative stress, impairment of cognitive functions and psychomotor skills, conformational alterations in hemoglobin structure and elevation of liver enzymes are among the side effects reported on the use of alprazolam. Several studies have found that alprazolam could favor hepatotoxicity, whereas other studies contradicted those findings. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been studied as a novel approach for treatment of liver diseases. The current study was designed to assess the biochemical, histopathological and molecular liver alterations in response to oral administration of alprazolam at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in adult male albino rats and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs on the alprazolam- induced alterations. Forty adult male albino rats (Sprague Dawley strain; 170-200 g mean body weight) were used. Liver enzymes were measured, isolation and preparation of BM- MSCs were done, and immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin and FGF2 were assessed. Moreover, histological and ultrastructural liver tissue examination and PCR detection of SOD, TNF-α and mirNA-192 were investigated. Animals exposed to alprazolam developed liver injury characterized by significant increase in TNF-α and significant decrease in SOD and miRNA- 192 expression. Histological findings provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses. Treatment with stem cells caused a significant alleviation of the alprazolam- induced findings. In conclusion, alprazolam was found to induce liver injury and oxidative stress, which were ameliorated by BM-MSCs administration.
{"title":"Modification of alprazolam-induced liver injury by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the role of miRNA-192","authors":"Heba M Ali Labib","doi":"10.52083/ivll6465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ivll6465","url":null,"abstract":"The group of drugs known as Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are among the most widely prescribed CNS-depressant drugs. Alprazolam (Alp) is a member of the BDZs family, commonly prescribed as an antipsychotic and anxiolytic agent. Induction of oxidative stress, impairment of cognitive functions and psychomotor skills, conformational alterations in hemoglobin structure and elevation of liver enzymes are among the side effects reported on the use of alprazolam. Several studies have found that alprazolam could favor hepatotoxicity, whereas other studies contradicted those findings. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been studied as a novel approach for treatment of liver diseases. The current study was designed to assess the biochemical, histopathological and molecular liver alterations in response to oral administration of alprazolam at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in adult male albino rats and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs on the alprazolam- induced alterations. Forty adult male albino rats (Sprague Dawley strain; 170-200 g mean body weight) were used. Liver enzymes were measured, isolation and preparation of BM- MSCs were done, and immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin and FGF2 were assessed. Moreover, histological and ultrastructural liver tissue examination and PCR detection of SOD, TNF-α and mirNA-192 were investigated. Animals exposed to alprazolam developed liver injury characterized by significant increase in TNF-α and significant decrease in SOD and miRNA- 192 expression. Histological findings provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses. Treatment with stem cells caused a significant alleviation of the alprazolam- induced findings. In conclusion, alprazolam was found to induce liver injury and oxidative stress, which were ameliorated by BM-MSCs administration.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91268577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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