N. Yuzbasıoglu, S. Sen, H. E. Yuzbasioglu, B. Şakul
Surgical complications may occur in the interforaminal area when course and morphological features of anatomical structures, which includes neurovascular structures in the mandible, cannot be defined correctly. The aim of this study is to determine the course and morphological characteristics of the mental foramen (MF) and the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in Turkish society. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is considered the gold standard for dental imaging; therefore, in this study 96 CBCT images were examined retrospectively. The width and the length of the MF, distance from the MF to the alveolar bone crest, lower border of the mandible, angulation of mental canal to buccal bone surface, the length of the MIC, the angle among mental foramenincisive canal and a horizontal plane parallel to the inferior border of the mandible, and the height of the angle were measured. At the endmost point of the MIC, the distance between the canal and inferior, labial, and lingual borders of the mandible was measured. The most common locations of MF were along the second premolar (23,4%). MIC was absent in 24,4% of the cases. The most common locations of the endmost point of MIC were along the first incisive (35,8%), MIC length was significantly longer in males. Although the structures show variation among individuals, the mean values in Turkish society are similar to the mean values in the literature.
{"title":"Evaluation of mandibular incisive canal and mental foramen in Turkish population by conical beam computed tomography","authors":"N. Yuzbasıoglu, S. Sen, H. E. Yuzbasioglu, B. Şakul","doi":"10.52083/lbpj5041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/lbpj5041","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical complications may occur in the interforaminal area when course and morphological features of anatomical structures, which includes neurovascular structures in the mandible, cannot be defined correctly. The aim of this study is to determine the course and morphological characteristics of the mental foramen (MF) and the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in Turkish society. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is considered the gold standard for dental imaging; therefore, in this study 96 CBCT images were examined retrospectively. The width and the length of the MF, distance from the MF to the alveolar bone crest, lower border of the mandible, angulation of mental canal to buccal bone surface, the length of the MIC, the angle among mental foramenincisive canal and a horizontal plane parallel to the inferior border of the mandible, and the height of the angle were measured. At the endmost point of the MIC, the distance between the canal and inferior, labial, and lingual borders of the mandible was measured. The most common locations of MF were along the second premolar (23,4%). MIC was absent in 24,4% of the cases. The most common locations of the endmost point of MIC were along the first incisive (35,8%), MIC length was significantly longer in males. Although the structures show variation among individuals, the mean values in Turkish society are similar to the mean values in the literature.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89056626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myocardial Bridge (MB) on the coronary artery and myocardial coat (MC) on the cardiac veins are usually detected in angiography and cadaveric dissection. Left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the left coronary artery is the most frequent site of MB. Rarely MB is also seen over the right coronary arterial branches. MB has proven association with ischemic heart disease and other critical cardiac consequences like myocardial infarction (MI) (Alegria et al., 2000; Soran et al., 2000). MC, on the other hand has not gained enough attention in previous studies. Large MB can be readily identified in angiograms, but minutes MB can be picked up by newer imaging studies like multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan (Tiryakioglu and Aliyu, 2020). Cadaveric dissection, however, holds its unique place in direct visualization and studying the macro and micro-anatomical characteristics. To study the prevalence and anatomical attributes of MB and MC in Indian population, ten adult cadaveric hearts (6 male and 4 female) were dissected as part of a routine undergraduate teaching at the Anatomy Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. MB over the coronary artery and MC over the cardiac vein were identified. Data pertaining to the MB and MC dimensions were measured with a digital vernier calliper. Histology of the MC was carried out to confirm its presence and observe the cytoarchitecture pattern. Relevant gross macroscopic and microscopic images were photographed and photomicrographed. 20% of the dissected cadavers revealed MB involving LAD in first heart while LAD and RCA both in second heart with lengths 5 mm, 18 mm and 2 mm respectively. MC was noted over coronary sinus and proximal few millimeters of great and middle cardiac veins. Histological examination revealed cardiac striated muscle in MC with typical cyto- architecture. The mean myocardial muscle index (MMI) of MBs ranged from 1.6 to 21.6. The present study highlights 20% prevalence of MBs in Indian population involving both right and left coronary artery. 10% of the subjects had histologically confirmed MC over cardiac veins. MC over the coronary sinus and other cardiac veins need more elaborate explorative studies to quantify the anatomic properties and to examine the possible association with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, anatomic attributes should be kept in mind to better appreciate MI in evolution and MI at evaluation in a case with MB.
冠状动脉上的心肌桥(MB)和心静脉上的心肌被膜(MC)常在血管造影和尸体解剖中发现。左冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)是MB最常见的部位，在右冠状动脉分支上也很少见到MB。MB已被证实与缺血性心脏病和其他关键心脏后果如心肌梗死(MI)有关(Alegria等，2000;Soran et al.， 2000)。另一方面，MC在以往的研究中没有得到足够的重视。大MB可以很容易地在血管造影中识别，但小MB可以通过新的成像研究，如多探测器计算机断层扫描(MDCT)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)扫描(Tiryakioglu和Aliyu, 2020)。然而，尸体解剖在直接可视化和研究宏观和微观解剖特征方面具有独特的地位。为了研究印度人群中MB和MC的患病率和解剖学特征，在印度新德里全印度医学研究所解剖系的常规本科教学中解剖了10具成人尸体心脏(6男4女)。冠状动脉上可见MB，心静脉上可见MC。有关MB和MC尺寸的数据用数字游标卡尺测量。对MC进行组织学检查以证实其存在并观察其细胞结构模式。对相关大体、宏观和显微图像进行拍照和显微照相。20%的解剖尸体显示MB累及第一心脏LAD，而LAD和RCA均累及第二心脏，长度分别为5mm、18mm和2mm。冠状窦及近端几毫米的心大静脉、心中静脉可见MC。组织学检查显示心肌横纹肌呈典型的细胞结构。MBs的平均心肌指数(MMI)为1.6 ~ 21.6。目前的研究表明，印度人口中左右冠状动脉均有20%的MBs患病率。10%的受试者有组织学证实的心静脉MC。冠状窦和其他心脏静脉上的MC需要更详细的探索性研究，以量化其解剖特性，并检查其与心血管疾病的可能关联。然而，为了更好地理解演化中的心肌梗死和MB患者在评估时的心肌梗死，应牢记解剖学属性。
{"title":"Myocardial bridge over coronary arteries and myocardial coat lining coronary sinus: clinical implications","authors":"D. Borthakur, Rajesh Kumar, R. Dada","doi":"10.52083/yqfo7375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/yqfo7375","url":null,"abstract":"Myocardial Bridge (MB) on the coronary artery and myocardial coat (MC) on the cardiac veins are usually detected in angiography and cadaveric dissection. Left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the left coronary artery is the most frequent site of MB. Rarely MB is also seen over the right coronary arterial branches. MB has proven association with ischemic heart disease and other critical cardiac consequences like myocardial infarction (MI) (Alegria et al., 2000; Soran et al., 2000). MC, on the other hand has not gained enough attention in previous studies. Large MB can be readily identified in angiograms, but minutes MB can be picked up by newer imaging studies like multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan (Tiryakioglu and Aliyu, 2020). Cadaveric dissection, however, holds its unique place in direct visualization and studying the macro and micro-anatomical characteristics. To study the prevalence and anatomical attributes of MB and MC in Indian population, ten adult cadaveric hearts (6 male and 4 female) were dissected as part of a routine undergraduate teaching at the Anatomy Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. MB over the coronary artery and MC over the cardiac vein were identified. Data pertaining to the MB and MC dimensions were measured with a digital vernier calliper. Histology of the MC was carried out to confirm its presence and observe the cytoarchitecture pattern. Relevant gross macroscopic and microscopic images were photographed and photomicrographed. 20% of the dissected cadavers revealed MB involving LAD in first heart while LAD and RCA both in second heart with lengths 5 mm, 18 mm and 2 mm respectively. MC was noted over coronary sinus and proximal few millimeters of great and middle cardiac veins. Histological examination revealed cardiac striated muscle in MC with typical cyto- architecture. The mean myocardial muscle index (MMI) of MBs ranged from 1.6 to 21.6. The present study highlights 20% prevalence of MBs in Indian population involving both right and left coronary artery. 10% of the subjects had histologically confirmed MC over cardiac veins. MC over the coronary sinus and other cardiac veins need more elaborate explorative studies to quantify the anatomic properties and to examine the possible association with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, anatomic attributes should be kept in mind to better appreciate MI in evolution and MI at evaluation in a case with MB.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89373363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asif Ali, Najma Baseer, Zilli Huma, Y. Yousafzai, Inayat Shah, Asad Zia, M. Alorini, Nick Sethia
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality models in anatomy teaching and learning at Kirkpatrick’s level I, using Peer Assisted Learning approach. This study was based on a single group, post-test study design and was carried out at three affiliated medical schools of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, over four months. A total of 97 first- and secondyear medical students from three medical schools were enrolled. All students received a basic introduction to the use of Hololens (Microsoft), the mixed-reality simulator-based course on the anatomy of the heart and liver via peer-assisted learning (PAL) method. Student satisfaction was evaluated at Kirkpatrick Level I of program evaluation using a validated and structured PAL questionnaire. Most students agreed or strongly agreed to the effectiveness of questions (mean ± SD 4.3±0.2, percentage 86±4.4%). There was no difference between the satisfaction scores of male and female students (p=0.34), whereas a slight difference was seen between 2nd- and 1st-year students’ satisfaction scores (88% versus 85%, p=0.03). There was also a statistically significant difference of perceptions between different medical schools’ students’ scores (p=.000). Students appear to be satisfied with the use of the mixed reality model for learning anatomy. A randomized trial to directly compare the satisfaction levels between traditional methods and mixed-reality model may be conducted and the effects of mixed-reality models on learning should be assessed.
{"title":"Mixed reality model for learning and teaching in anatomy using peer assisted learning approach","authors":"Asif Ali, Najma Baseer, Zilli Huma, Y. Yousafzai, Inayat Shah, Asad Zia, M. Alorini, Nick Sethia","doi":"10.52083/trad3516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/trad3516","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality models in anatomy teaching and learning at Kirkpatrick’s level I, using Peer Assisted Learning approach. This study was based on a single group, post-test study design and was carried out at three affiliated medical schools of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, over four months. A total of 97 first- and secondyear medical students from three medical schools were enrolled. All students received a basic introduction to the use of Hololens (Microsoft), the mixed-reality simulator-based course on the anatomy of the heart and liver via peer-assisted learning (PAL) method. Student satisfaction was evaluated at Kirkpatrick Level I of program evaluation using a validated and structured PAL questionnaire. Most students agreed or strongly agreed to the effectiveness of questions (mean ± SD 4.3±0.2, percentage 86±4.4%). There was no difference between the satisfaction scores of male and female students (p=0.34), whereas a slight difference was seen between 2nd- and 1st-year students’ satisfaction scores (88% versus 85%, p=0.03). There was also a statistically significant difference of perceptions between different medical schools’ students’ scores (p=.000). Students appear to be satisfied with the use of the mixed reality model for learning anatomy. A randomized trial to directly compare the satisfaction levels between traditional methods and mixed-reality model may be conducted and the effects of mixed-reality models on learning should be assessed.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74017697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Adeyemi, Paul Olugbemiga Awoniran, Ogheneyoma M Orumana, Kehinde Jolayemi
This experiment was designed to study the effects of caffeine on the histomorphology of the testes of prepubertal male Wistar rats. Prepubertal Wistar rats (25-28 days old), weighing between 50-60 g were randomly divided into three treatment groups (B, C and D) and control (A) of ten rats each. Group A rats received distilled water while Groups B, C, and D rats were respectively given daily dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of caffeine dissolved in distilled water for 14 days by gavage. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 24 hours after the last caffeine administration while the remaining rats were monitored for another three weeks for them to attain sexual maturity. The rats were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia and the testes were fixed by immersion in Bouin’s fluid. The tissues were processed for histomorphological and histomorphometric assessment. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test for comparison with control. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results showed that treatment with caffeine caused a significant decrease in testicular weight and a marked cellular degeneration and depletion of germ cells in the testes of rats in group D. The height of the germinal epithelium was significantly reduced when compared with control. This study concluded that prepubertal exposure of Wistar rats to caffeine reduced testicular growth and deleteriously alters testicular morphology.
{"title":"Histomorphological and histomorphometric changes in the testes of male Wistar rats following prepubertal exposure to caffeine","authors":"D. Adeyemi, Paul Olugbemiga Awoniran, Ogheneyoma M Orumana, Kehinde Jolayemi","doi":"10.52083/krmn9443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/krmn9443","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was designed to study the effects of caffeine on the histomorphology of the testes of prepubertal male Wistar rats. Prepubertal Wistar rats (25-28 days old), weighing between 50-60 g were randomly divided into three treatment groups (B, C and D) and control (A) of ten rats each. Group A rats received distilled water while Groups B, C, and D rats were respectively given daily dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of caffeine dissolved in distilled water for 14 days by gavage. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 24 hours after the last caffeine administration while the remaining rats were monitored for another three weeks for them to attain sexual maturity. The rats were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia and the testes were fixed by immersion in Bouin’s fluid. The tissues were processed for histomorphological and histomorphometric assessment. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test for comparison with control. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results showed that treatment with caffeine caused a significant decrease in testicular weight and a marked cellular degeneration and depletion of germ cells in the testes of rats in group D. The height of the germinal epithelium was significantly reduced when compared with control. This study concluded that prepubertal exposure of Wistar rats to caffeine reduced testicular growth and deleteriously alters testicular morphology.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74083780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract on Pb-induced kidney toxicity in Wistar rats. This investigation was carried out using 25 Wistar rat of both sexes, and the animals were divided into five groups: 5 rats per group. Group A served as the negative control group and was orally gavaged with 5mg/ kg body weight of normal saline daily. Group B served as the positive control and was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb acetate (Pb). Group C was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 20 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group D was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 40 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group 5 was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 60 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. All treatments were done for a period of 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day by cervical dislocation, then blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and kidneys were collected for histological profile. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), creatinine and urea level were all determined. There was marked elevation in MDA level with a concomitant depletion in urea and creatinine content in the group treated with only Pb when compared with the negative control group. There was a significant increase in proximal tubular area, distal tubular area, glomerular membrane thickness, area, perimeter and feret’s diameter and a significant decrease in proximal tubule, distal tubule ratio and cellularity in this group of rats when compared to the negative control. Oxidation and histological changes in the kidneys were successfully prevented by the pre- administration of Vernonia amygdalina as evidenced by creatinine and urea and MDA level. These were made evident as the morphological scores across all experimental groups were significantly different from those of the positive control (group 2). Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina successfully minimizes the deleterious effects in kidney function and histological coherence associated with nephrotoxicity by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, suppressing oxidative stress, and mitigating apoptosis.
{"title":"Rats kidney morphological particularities and functions post-treatment with vernonia amygdalina extract and low-dose lead acetate","authors":"G. G. Akunna, L. Saalu, A. Irozuoke, E. Joshua","doi":"10.52083/ztzk6810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ztzk6810","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract on Pb-induced kidney toxicity in Wistar rats. This investigation was carried out using 25 Wistar rat of both sexes, and the animals were divided into five groups: 5 rats per group. Group A served as the negative control group and was orally gavaged with 5mg/ kg body weight of normal saline daily. Group B served as the positive control and was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb acetate (Pb). Group C was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 20 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group D was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 40 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. Group 5 was treated with daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 8 mg/kg body weight of Pb along with 60 mg/kg body weight of Vernonia amygdalina extract orally. All treatments were done for a period of 28 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day by cervical dislocation, then blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and kidneys were collected for histological profile. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), creatinine and urea level were all determined. There was marked elevation in MDA level with a concomitant depletion in urea and creatinine content in the group treated with only Pb when compared with the negative control group. There was a significant increase in proximal tubular area, distal tubular area, glomerular membrane thickness, area, perimeter and feret’s diameter and a significant decrease in proximal tubule, distal tubule ratio and cellularity in this group of rats when compared to the negative control. Oxidation and histological changes in the kidneys were successfully prevented by the pre- administration of Vernonia amygdalina as evidenced by creatinine and urea and MDA level. These were made evident as the morphological scores across all experimental groups were significantly different from those of the positive control (group 2). Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina successfully minimizes the deleterious effects in kidney function and histological coherence associated with nephrotoxicity by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, suppressing oxidative stress, and mitigating apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78918703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a few years’ time, the electron microscope will be 100 years old. The ideas leading to the invention of the instrument emerged in Berlin between 1928 and 1933. Ernst Ruska is the undisputed inventor of the transmission electron microscope. In the mid-1930s, scientists from several European countries and especially from the United States, France, Canada and Japan became interested in contributing to the new technology. Ernst Ruska was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention.
{"title":"The electron microscope on the eve of its first centenary","authors":"Pedro J Mestres Ventura","doi":"10.52083/kosc8456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/kosc8456","url":null,"abstract":"In a few years’ time, the electron microscope will be 100 years old. The ideas leading to the invention of the instrument emerged in Berlin between 1928 and 1933. Ernst Ruska is the undisputed inventor of the transmission electron microscope. In the mid-1930s, scientists from several European countries and especially from the United States, France, Canada and Japan became interested in contributing to the new technology. Ernst Ruska was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83648119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Chmutin, G. Kariev, Rano O Ismailova, Hanifa M Khalimova, G. Musa, Adam Majer, Boris E Oleinikov
The incidence of bulbar syndrome in craniovertebral junction anomalies is between 12% and 35%. Although the use of evoked potentials intraoperatively and preoperatively has advanced in recent years, their use in predicting the development of neurological deficits remains a challenge. This research explores the predictive significance of evoked potentials in the diagnosis of bulbar syndrome in Chiari 1 anomaly. Data from 39 patients and 30 controls were reviewed. Standard multimodal neurophysiological investigations including Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS), and Electromyogram (EMG) were performed. All studies were conducted on the 4-channel complex “Synapsis” (Neurotech, Russia) with computer data processing. The threshold Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) value was 21.5 m/s. The sensitivity and specificity were 75.5% and 71.2% respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.96±0.36 (95% CI: 0.89-1.00) and p-value 0.004. The M-response amplitude threshold dividing the study group into high and low-risk groups was 1.01 microV. The sensitivity and specificity were 78.0 and 71.2%, respectively. The BAEPs interpeak intervals III-V and I-V were significantly prolonged (P˂ 0.05). SSEPs showed a decreased amplitude and reduced NCV (P ˂ 0.01). Glossopharyngeal nerve electroneuromyography is the most informative test. A decrease in M-response amplitude of bulbar muscles and NCV on efferent fibers is highly predictive of the development of bulbar disorders in patients with Chiari 1, even in subclinical cases.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of neurophysiological studies in the diagnosis of bulbar syndrome in patients with Chiari malformation Type 1","authors":"G. Chmutin, G. Kariev, Rano O Ismailova, Hanifa M Khalimova, G. Musa, Adam Majer, Boris E Oleinikov","doi":"10.52083/davg1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/davg1176","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of bulbar syndrome in craniovertebral junction anomalies is between 12% and 35%. Although the use of evoked potentials intraoperatively and preoperatively has advanced in recent years, their use in predicting the development of neurological deficits remains a challenge. This research explores the predictive significance of evoked potentials in the diagnosis of bulbar syndrome in Chiari 1 anomaly. Data from 39 patients and 30 controls were reviewed. Standard multimodal neurophysiological investigations including Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS), and Electromyogram (EMG) were performed. All studies were conducted on the 4-channel complex “Synapsis” (Neurotech, Russia) with computer data processing. The threshold Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) value was 21.5 m/s. The sensitivity and specificity were 75.5% and 71.2% respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.96±0.36 (95% CI: 0.89-1.00) and p-value 0.004. The M-response amplitude threshold dividing the study group into high and low-risk groups was 1.01 microV. The sensitivity and specificity were 78.0 and 71.2%, respectively. The BAEPs interpeak intervals III-V and I-V were significantly prolonged (P˂ 0.05). SSEPs showed a decreased amplitude and reduced NCV (P ˂ 0.01). Glossopharyngeal nerve electroneuromyography is the most informative test. A decrease in M-response amplitude of bulbar muscles and NCV on efferent fibers is highly predictive of the development of bulbar disorders in patients with Chiari 1, even in subclinical cases.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73441902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, V. Mahima, N. Doggalli, V. Doddawad
With the increasing popularity of sinus surgeries and the prolific advances in imaging technology, there is a major inclination towards the in-depth study of the anatomy of paranasal sinuses and the osteomeatal complex. Anatomical variations like deviation of nasal septum, paradoxical middle turbinate, double middle turbinate, and concha bullosa are seen in routine clinical examinations, but variations like Haller cells and Onodi cells require explicit radiological support. CBCT has the unique advantage of obtaining isometric images in all three planes with 3-Dimensional viewing and circumvent the obscurity of images due to superimposition. CBCT enables detection of even miniscule Haller cells along with discernment into the disease process and is a crucial preoperative planning tool. There has been a dearth of studies in the literature in this regard, and our study is a promising attempt to elucidate the significance of Haller cells with respect to surgical aspects
{"title":"Ubiquity and attribution of Haller cells – A CBCT study","authors":"K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, V. Mahima, N. Doggalli, V. Doddawad","doi":"10.52083/sedm6472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/sedm6472","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing popularity of sinus surgeries and the prolific advances in imaging technology, there is a major inclination towards the in-depth study of the anatomy of paranasal sinuses and the osteomeatal complex. Anatomical variations like deviation of nasal septum, paradoxical middle turbinate, double middle turbinate, and concha bullosa are seen in routine clinical examinations, but variations like Haller cells and Onodi cells require explicit radiological support. CBCT has the unique advantage of obtaining isometric images in all three planes with 3-Dimensional viewing and circumvent the obscurity of images due to superimposition. CBCT enables detection of even miniscule Haller cells along with discernment into the disease process and is a crucial preoperative planning tool. There has been a dearth of studies in the literature in this regard, and our study is a promising attempt to elucidate the significance of Haller cells with respect to surgical aspects","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87618435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zahariev, Andrés Berke, S. Cubas, A. Villar, G. A. Ugon
The lungs have three main fissures: in the right lung, the oblique and horizontal fissure, and in the left lung the oblique fissure. These can be complete, incomplete or absent. “Classical anatomy” textbooks frequently describe pulmonary fissures as complete, although knowledge of their variations is important both for thoracic surgery and to understand the spread of disease. The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and extension of the main pulmonary fissures, as well as to determine the frequency and location of accessory fissures in cadaveric material. An observational descriptive study was carried out and consisted of the dissection of 86 ex-situ lungs (43 right and 43 left lungs) of adult corpses from both sexes previously fixed in formaldehyde solution. The presence of complete, incomplete or absent main fissures and the presence of accessory fissures were assessed. For incomplete fissures, the integrity percentage of the fissure was calculated. In both lungs, incomplete fissures predominated; the oblique fissure of the right lung with a percentage of 65%, the horizontal fissure of 79% and the oblique fissure of the left lung of 58%. Regarding accessory fissures, the overall prevalence was 6%. The anatomy of pulmonary fissures is highly variable. In our study, incomplete fissures predominated in both lungs. There are differences between the studies regarding the prevalence of the completeness of the fissures because, actually, the literature is not concluding.
{"title":"Anatomical study of pulmonary fissures","authors":"A. Zahariev, Andrés Berke, S. Cubas, A. Villar, G. A. Ugon","doi":"10.52083/ekom2824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ekom2824","url":null,"abstract":"The lungs have three main fissures: in the right lung, the oblique and horizontal fissure, and in the left lung the oblique fissure. These can be complete, incomplete or absent. “Classical anatomy” textbooks frequently describe pulmonary fissures as complete, although knowledge of their variations is important both for thoracic surgery and to understand the spread of disease. The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and extension of the main pulmonary fissures, as well as to determine the frequency and location of accessory fissures in cadaveric material. An observational descriptive study was carried out and consisted of the dissection of 86 ex-situ lungs (43 right and 43 left lungs) of adult corpses from both sexes previously fixed in formaldehyde solution. The presence of complete, incomplete or absent main fissures and the presence of accessory fissures were assessed. For incomplete fissures, the integrity percentage of the fissure was calculated. In both lungs, incomplete fissures predominated; the oblique fissure of the right lung with a percentage of 65%, the horizontal fissure of 79% and the oblique fissure of the left lung of 58%. Regarding accessory fissures, the overall prevalence was 6%. The anatomy of pulmonary fissures is highly variable. In our study, incomplete fissures predominated in both lungs. There are differences between the studies regarding the prevalence of the completeness of the fissures because, actually, the literature is not concluding.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80514714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack D. Walsh, E. Talarico, Joseph G. Castaneda, Sana Wahab, Katelyn M. Paulus, Amy E. Stromberg, V. N. Olson, Griffin D Hall, Paul J. Janus, N. Rocco
Polyorchidism is a rare congenital disorder defined as the presence of more than two testicles for which the underlying etiology is unknown. Prior research in this laboratory suggested a new anatomical- functional description for polyorchidism of Type 3 Subgroup B, or supernumerary testis (SNT) attached to the draining epididymis and vas deferens without reproductive potential and SNT located outside the scrotal sac. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the mechanism underlying the role(s) of cadherins and catenins in the development of polyorchidism using genomic analysis of a cadaveric polyorchid. Formyl Fix Paraffin Embedded tissue samples of a SNT from a 96-year-old polyorchid were prepared using the Accel-NGS 2S Plus DNA Library Kit for whole exome sequencing (Integrated DNA Technology, Coralville, IA). Paired end sequencing was carried out using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system (Illumina, San Diego, CA) using 150 bp reads to an average depth of coverage of 44x. BLAST was used to analyze and compare the SNT sequence to reference genomes in the NCBI database. Sequence analysis of the SNT showed two missense mutations that resulted in single nucleotide variants (SNV) within exons of the N-Cadherin gene (CHD2), NT 23, T to C (Leu 8 to Pro) and NT 2441, A to G (Asn 845 to Ser), respectively. A mutation in the Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) gene was also demonstrated; NT 2393, G to A. The present research suggests a novel biomolecular mechanism based on N-Cad and p120 catenin underlying the development of polyorchidism with application to supernumerary organs in other systems and to metastasis of neoplasms.
多睾丸症是一种罕见的先天性疾病，定义为存在两个以上的睾丸，其潜在的病因不明。本实验室先前的研究提出了一种新的解剖-功能描述，用于3型B亚群多精症，或附于附睾和输精管而无生殖潜能的多余睾丸(SNT)和位于阴囊外的SNT。本研究的目的是通过对尸体多角体的基因组分析，探讨钙粘蛋白和连环蛋白在多角体发育中的作用机制。采用acel - ngs 2S Plus DNA文库试剂盒(Integrated DNA Technology, Coralville, IA)制备96岁多胎SNT包埋组织样本，用于全外外子组测序。使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000系统(Illumina, San Diego, CA)进行配对末端测序，使用150 bp的reads，平均覆盖深度为44x。利用BLAST将SNT序列与NCBI数据库中的参考基因组进行分析比较。SNT序列分析显示，在n -钙粘蛋白基因(CHD2)外显子内，NT 23从T到C (Leu 8到Pro)和NT 2441从A到G (Asn 845到Ser)两个错义突变分别导致单核苷酸变异(SNV)。desmocolin 2 (DSC2)基因也发生了突变;本研究提出了一种基于N-Cad和p120连环蛋白的新的生物分子机制，该机制可能在其他系统的多余器官和肿瘤转移中应用。
{"title":"Cadherins and catenins as a novel theoretical mechanism in a polyorchid cadaver","authors":"Jack D. Walsh, E. Talarico, Joseph G. Castaneda, Sana Wahab, Katelyn M. Paulus, Amy E. Stromberg, V. N. Olson, Griffin D Hall, Paul J. Janus, N. Rocco","doi":"10.52083/tkwn4852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/tkwn4852","url":null,"abstract":"Polyorchidism is a rare congenital disorder defined as the presence of more than two testicles for which the underlying etiology is unknown. Prior research in this laboratory suggested a new anatomical- functional description for polyorchidism of Type 3 Subgroup B, or supernumerary testis (SNT) attached to the draining epididymis and vas deferens without reproductive potential and SNT located outside the scrotal sac. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the mechanism underlying the role(s) of cadherins and catenins in the development of polyorchidism using genomic analysis of a cadaveric polyorchid. Formyl Fix Paraffin Embedded tissue samples of a SNT from a 96-year-old polyorchid were prepared using the Accel-NGS 2S Plus DNA Library Kit for whole exome sequencing (Integrated DNA Technology, Coralville, IA). Paired end sequencing was carried out using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system (Illumina, San Diego, CA) using 150 bp reads to an average depth of coverage of 44x. BLAST was used to analyze and compare the SNT sequence to reference genomes in the NCBI database. Sequence analysis of the SNT showed two missense mutations that resulted in single nucleotide variants (SNV) within exons of the N-Cadherin gene (CHD2), NT 23, T to C (Leu 8 to Pro) and NT 2441, A to G (Asn 845 to Ser), respectively. A mutation in the Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) gene was also demonstrated; NT 2393, G to A. The present research suggests a novel biomolecular mechanism based on N-Cad and p120 catenin underlying the development of polyorchidism with application to supernumerary organs in other systems and to metastasis of neoplasms.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79389127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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