Manuel J. Uribe Miranda, Héctor M. Vargas Portilla, Yahair G. Mendoza Gallegos, Estefanía Hernandez Velázquez
The teaching of human anatomy is done through virtual dissection tables, 3D models and the use of synthetic cadavers as effective tools that can help integrate morphological, surgical and clinical processes. On the other hand, synthetic cadavers must remain submerged in running water with common table salt and liquid detergent, while not in use, to keep them fresh and flexible for dissections. In the anatomy laboratory of the University Cuauhtémoc San Luis Potosí, Mexico, we use this type of synthetic cadavers for practical classes. Various procedures are performed, such as dissection of the abdominal cavity, dissection of muscles of the dorsum, spine, face and neck, and suture workshop.
{"title":"SynDaver®: as a tool for anatomical teaching and medical education","authors":"Manuel J. Uribe Miranda, Héctor M. Vargas Portilla, Yahair G. Mendoza Gallegos, Estefanía Hernandez Velázquez","doi":"10.52083/iqqt5640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/iqqt5640","url":null,"abstract":"The teaching of human anatomy is done through virtual dissection tables, 3D models and the use of synthetic cadavers as effective tools that can help integrate morphological, surgical and clinical processes. On the other hand, synthetic cadavers must remain submerged in running water with common table salt and liquid detergent, while not in use, to keep them fresh and flexible for dissections. In the anatomy laboratory of the University Cuauhtémoc San Luis Potosí, Mexico, we use this type of synthetic cadavers for practical classes. Various procedures are performed, such as dissection of the abdominal cavity, dissection of muscles of the dorsum, spine, face and neck, and suture workshop.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83871497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fareeha Mushtaq, Humaira Ali, Shan E. Rauf, Abdullah Qamar, Ayesha Ali, Rabya Khalid, Amna Shoaib
The aim of the study was to observe the effects of immobilization on the histomorphology of rats’ intervertebral disc (IVD) and observe the protective effects of widely used neutraceuticals, Omega 3 fatty acids and Co-enzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) on it. The animal experimental study was carried out in the National Institute of Health, Islamabad in collaboration with the Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Forty Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were chosen and grouped into 4 equal sets. Control group A was fed normal lab diet. In experimental group B, along with the lab diet, an Ilizarov apparatus was applied to the rats’ tails for immobilization. In experimental groups C and D, the rats’ tails were immobilized and given Omega 3 fatty acids (260 mg/kg body weight) and CoQ 10 (150 mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage. At completion of the study, IVDs of rats were analysed to see the histologic changes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). All the samples showed normal findings for NP in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value = 0.001) as compared to group C (p-value=0.005) and D (p-value=0.003). All the samples showed normal findings for AF in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value =0.000) as compared to group C (p-value=0.011) and D(p-value=0.003). Chronic immobilization of vertebral column induces degenerative changes in the cellular and matrix content of Intervertebral discs. However, consumption of neutraceuticals mitigates the consequences.
{"title":"Possible protective role of neutraceuticals in chronic intervertebral disc degeneration – A histological study","authors":"Fareeha Mushtaq, Humaira Ali, Shan E. Rauf, Abdullah Qamar, Ayesha Ali, Rabya Khalid, Amna Shoaib","doi":"10.52083/iwcu1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/iwcu1147","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to observe the effects of immobilization on the histomorphology of rats’ intervertebral disc (IVD) and observe the protective effects of widely used neutraceuticals, Omega 3 fatty acids and Co-enzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) on it. The animal experimental study was carried out in the National Institute of Health, Islamabad in collaboration with the Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Forty Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were chosen and grouped into 4 equal sets. Control group A was fed normal lab diet. In experimental group B, along with the lab diet, an Ilizarov apparatus was applied to the rats’ tails for immobilization. In experimental groups C and D, the rats’ tails were immobilized and given Omega 3 fatty acids (260 mg/kg body weight) and CoQ 10 (150 mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage. At completion of the study, IVDs of rats were analysed to see the histologic changes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). All the samples showed normal findings for NP in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value = 0.001) as compared to group C (p-value=0.005) and D (p-value=0.003). All the samples showed normal findings for AF in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value =0.000) as compared to group C (p-value=0.011) and D(p-value=0.003). Chronic immobilization of vertebral column induces degenerative changes in the cellular and matrix content of Intervertebral discs. However, consumption of neutraceuticals mitigates the consequences.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81627810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphological modularity is a concept that refers to the level of covariance between the components of a structure. Morphological modules are independent subsets of correlated features; in particular, in the human hand, these are the metacarpus (metapodium) and fingers (acropodium). The human hand has been studied as an integral morphological structure for a long time, but its modularity has not been evaluated within the framework of an integrative approach. The aim of this study is to assess the hypothesis of modularity of the metapodium and acropodium of the human hand in the context of their spatial conjugacy using geometric morphometry. Using geometric morphometric methods to determine the shape and location, both modules were examined in samples from 100 digital X-ray images of the right hands of men and women, using 16 two-dimensional landmarks. The modules were compared using partial least squares analysis and the Escoufier coefficient (RV). Against the background of weak allometric effects (4.6-4.86%, p<0.05), there is a moderate correlation between the blocks of landmarks of the metapodium and acropodium (RV=0.5, p<0.05). Partial Least Squares analysis demonstrates that the shape of the hand is more influenced by the shape of the acropodium, and the change in the shape of the metapodium turned out to be more conservative than that of the acropodium. The observed integration of metapodium and acropodium into human hands in this study indicates the plasticity of the hand, especially its fingers in the context of the diversity of its shape.
{"title":"Morphological integration and modularity of the human hand","authors":"Alexander Ermolenko","doi":"10.52083/cfcn4789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/cfcn4789","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological modularity is a concept that refers to the level of covariance between the components of a structure. Morphological modules are independent subsets of correlated features; in particular, in the human hand, these are the metacarpus (metapodium) and fingers (acropodium). The human hand has been studied as an integral morphological structure for a long time, but its modularity has not been evaluated within the framework of an integrative approach. The aim of this study is to assess the hypothesis of modularity of the metapodium and acropodium of the human hand in the context of their spatial conjugacy using geometric morphometry. Using geometric morphometric methods to determine the shape and location, both modules were examined in samples from 100 digital X-ray images of the right hands of men and women, using 16 two-dimensional landmarks. The modules were compared using partial least squares analysis and the Escoufier coefficient (RV). Against the background of weak allometric effects (4.6-4.86%, p<0.05), there is a moderate correlation between the blocks of landmarks of the metapodium and acropodium (RV=0.5, p<0.05). Partial Least Squares analysis demonstrates that the shape of the hand is more influenced by the shape of the acropodium, and the change in the shape of the metapodium turned out to be more conservative than that of the acropodium. The observed integration of metapodium and acropodium into human hands in this study indicates the plasticity of the hand, especially its fingers in the context of the diversity of its shape.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87749610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the economic burden caused by its treatment, people seek alternative medicine. Costus pictus D Don, belonging to the family Costaceae, commonly called Insulin plant/spiral ginger, is preferred by many in recent days. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don on the pancreas of diabetic-induced albino Wistar rats. Methanolic extract from C.pictus was prepared by soxhalation. The effect of this extract at the dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg bw was studied biochemically on blood glucose and blood insulin levels. Histological and histo-morphological observations were studied on the pancreas after 21 days of treatment. The parameters were compared with diabetic and normal rats. Glucose-lowering effect of the plant extract was observed biochemically in diabetic animals treated with both doses of the extracts. It was observed that the effect was more pronounced with 200 mg/kg BW of the extract. The presence of hyperchromic islet cells, granulated beta cells, increase in diameter of islets and number of beta cells as observed by histological examination and histo-morphometric analysis revealed the pancreatic beta cell regenerative property of Costus pictus D Don.
随着糖尿病患病率的增加和治疗带来的经济负担，人们寻求替代药物。Costus pictus D Don，属于Costaceae科，通常被称为胰岛素植物/螺旋姜，是最近许多人的首选。本研究旨在探讨木香叶甲醇提取物对糖尿病诱导的白化Wistar大鼠胰腺的影响。采用草酸法制备了桂皮醇提物。采用生物化学方法研究了100 mg和200 mg/kg bw剂量对大鼠血糖和胰岛素水平的影响。治疗21天后进行胰腺组织学和组织形态学观察。并与糖尿病大鼠和正常大鼠进行比较。用生物化学方法观察了两种剂量的植物提取物对糖尿病动物的降血糖作用。结果表明，当提取物浓度为200 mg/kg BW时，效果更为明显。通过组织学检查和组织形态学分析，观察到胰岛细胞增色、β细胞颗粒化、胰岛直径增大和β细胞数量增多，表明木香具有胰腺β细胞再生的特性。
{"title":"Pancreatic beta cell regenerative effect of Costus pictus D Don leaf extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetes on Wistar rats","authors":"Anitha Nancy, J. Raj, K. Manimekalai","doi":"10.52083/kkob4199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/kkob4199","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the economic burden caused by its treatment, people seek alternative medicine. Costus pictus D Don, belonging to the family Costaceae, commonly called Insulin plant/spiral ginger, is preferred by many in recent days. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don on the pancreas of diabetic-induced albino Wistar rats. Methanolic extract from C.pictus was prepared by soxhalation. The effect of this extract at the dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg bw was studied biochemically on blood glucose and blood insulin levels. Histological and histo-morphological observations were studied on the pancreas after 21 days of treatment. The parameters were compared with diabetic and normal rats. Glucose-lowering effect of the plant extract was observed biochemically in diabetic animals treated with both doses of the extracts. It was observed that the effect was more pronounced with 200 mg/kg BW of the extract. The presence of hyperchromic islet cells, granulated beta cells, increase in diameter of islets and number of beta cells as observed by histological examination and histo-morphometric analysis revealed the pancreatic beta cell regenerative property of Costus pictus D Don.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79016879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis Guédon, Bernard Moxham, Odile Plaisant, Emmanuel Houdart
Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are rare and usually discovered serendipitously; the persistent hypoglossal artery is the second most common, with an incidence of 0.29%. We present a very rare anatomical variant of a persistent hypoglossal artery. This variant was visualized on 2D and 3D angiography and on MRI. In the case reported here, the hypoglossal branch of the neuromeningeal trunk of the ascending pharyngeal artery communicated with the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (“type 2 persistent hypoglossal artery variant” of Uchino’s classification), but with a preserved junction with the vertebral artery, which is not hypoplastic (“ascending pharyngeal artery - vertebral artery anastomosis” of Lasjaunias’ description). A review of the literature was performed on the “type 1-2 persistent hypoglossal artery variant” (11 cases) and schematic representations of the different anatomic variants are illustrated. The pharyngo-cerebellar artery and pharyngo-vertebral anastomosis are variants of the persistent hypoglossal artery, these relatively small branches may be missed, with a risk of cerebellar infarction during embolization.
{"title":"Ascending pharyngeal artery supplying the posterior inferior cerebellar artery via the hypoglossal canal with preserved anastomosis to the vertebral artery: a rare variant of the persistent hypoglossal artery","authors":"Alexis Guédon, Bernard Moxham, Odile Plaisant, Emmanuel Houdart","doi":"10.52083/ovdg1869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ovdg1869","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are rare and usually discovered serendipitously; the persistent hypoglossal artery is the second most common, with an incidence of 0.29%. We present a very rare anatomical variant of a persistent hypoglossal artery. This variant was visualized on 2D and 3D angiography and on MRI. In the case reported here, the hypoglossal branch of the neuromeningeal trunk of the ascending pharyngeal artery communicated with the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (“type 2 persistent hypoglossal artery variant” of Uchino’s classification), but with a preserved junction with the vertebral artery, which is not hypoplastic (“ascending pharyngeal artery - vertebral artery anastomosis” of Lasjaunias’ description). A review of the literature was performed on the “type 1-2 persistent hypoglossal artery variant” (11 cases) and schematic representations of the different anatomic variants are illustrated. The pharyngo-cerebellar artery and pharyngo-vertebral anastomosis are variants of the persistent hypoglossal artery, these relatively small branches may be missed, with a risk of cerebellar infarction during embolization.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89893871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical schools have implemented strategies in response to neurophobia to counteract the negative perception and improve neuroscience experiences for undergraduate medical students. In this study, we explored the attitudes, perceptions and preferred learning approaches of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students toward the teaching, facilitation, learning and assessment of neuroanatomy, as well as their perceptions on its relevance in the South African medical curriculum. A total of 299 undergraduate and five postgraduate students from the University of Pretoria participated in this study. We used a multi-method approach in which the undergraduate students completed an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, while the postgraduate students participated in a qualitative focus- group discussion. Undergraduate medical students preferred lecture notes to study from above any other type of literature and mainly used laptop computers as preferred electronic devices in preparation for their assessments. The favourite topic was cranial nerves, and the least popular was histology of the nervous system. Postgraduate students shared their undergraduate neuroanatomy experiences and provided constructive feedback and suggestions to undergraduate students and lecturing staff. Ineffective teaching methods and limited contact time remain factors that contribute to neurophobia in South Africa. Students perceive neuroanatomy as an interesting and important subject in their medical degree. However, changes are needed to modernize neuroanatomy and make it more accessible and student-friendly. The challenge then remains: how do we, as lecturers, modernize neuroanatomy in the medical curriculum to make it contemporary and clinically applicable?
{"title":"Neurophobia: The inconvenient truth","authors":"G. Venter, Marius C. Bosman, J. C. Lubbe","doi":"10.52083/cukt7497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/cukt7497","url":null,"abstract":"Medical schools have implemented strategies in response to neurophobia to counteract the negative perception and improve neuroscience experiences for undergraduate medical students. In this study, we explored the attitudes, perceptions and preferred learning approaches of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students toward the teaching, facilitation, learning and assessment of neuroanatomy, as well as their perceptions on its relevance in the South African medical curriculum. A total of 299 undergraduate and five postgraduate students from the University of Pretoria participated in this study. We used a multi-method approach in which the undergraduate students completed an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, while the postgraduate students participated in a qualitative focus- group discussion. Undergraduate medical students preferred lecture notes to study from above any other type of literature and mainly used laptop computers as preferred electronic devices in preparation for their assessments. The favourite topic was cranial nerves, and the least popular was histology of the nervous system. Postgraduate students shared their undergraduate neuroanatomy experiences and provided constructive feedback and suggestions to undergraduate students and lecturing staff. Ineffective teaching methods and limited contact time remain factors that contribute to neurophobia in South Africa. Students perceive neuroanatomy as an interesting and important subject in their medical degree. However, changes are needed to modernize neuroanatomy and make it more accessible and student-friendly. The challenge then remains: how do we, as lecturers, modernize neuroanatomy in the medical curriculum to make it contemporary and clinically applicable?","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90374425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Quiñonero, C. Mesas, K. Doello, A. Láinez-Ramos-Bossini, G. Perazzoli
The traditional study of anatomy is based on cadaveric dissection. However, in recent years new teaching methodologies have been introduced with the aim of increasing the ability of students to learn about the structures of the human body using computerized representations. Despite the increasing implementation of these new methodologies, universities around the world continue to base the practical teaching of anatomy on dissections. However, biomedical students begin to study dissections without having been exposed to a corpse previously, which poses a risk of generating stress. Using a systematic review process, we have observed that a large majority of students feel psychologically affected by this experience, leading to physiological consequences derived from anxiety and fear, although these decrease throughout the year due to a process of habituation. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of stress factors that can be found in the anatomy laboratory to increase the transfer of knowledge between professor and student.
{"title":"Learning anatomy through dissection: emotional influence on the first-year medical student: a systematic review","authors":"F. Quiñonero, C. Mesas, K. Doello, A. Láinez-Ramos-Bossini, G. Perazzoli","doi":"10.52083/osur2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/osur2683","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional study of anatomy is based on cadaveric dissection. However, in recent years new teaching methodologies have been introduced with the aim of increasing the ability of students to learn about the structures of the human body using computerized representations. Despite the increasing implementation of these new methodologies, universities around the world continue to base the practical teaching of anatomy on dissections. However, biomedical students begin to study dissections without having been exposed to a corpse previously, which poses a risk of generating stress. Using a systematic review process, we have observed that a large majority of students feel psychologically affected by this experience, leading to physiological consequences derived from anxiety and fear, although these decrease throughout the year due to a process of habituation. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of stress factors that can be found in the anatomy laboratory to increase the transfer of knowledge between professor and student.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85220817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From my point of view, some questions concerning the SynDaver® synthetic cadaver deserve to be analyzed: 1. is the utility of synthetic cadavers different from the cheaper plastic models? 2. could this new resource replace the use of the human cadaver? 3. is it possible to dissect a synthetic cadaver? Regarding the first point, although the SynDaver® synthetic cadaver is offered as a highfidelity model, there is no proof of this material’s effectiveness in gross anatomy teaching, considering its expensive cost. The letter’s authors stated that students perform better on final exams when they dissect these types of material compared to 3D models and anatomical drawings, but there are no systematic studies about its effectiveness or comparison with other teaching resources. Supporting the synthetic cadaver effectiveness, the authors reference the work of Richardson et al. (2020), who explore this material’s utility and student perception in an undergraduate human anatomy course. Using a systematic study, the authors demonstrated its utility by improving student grades by comparing synthetic cadavers and models with only models, but not with other teaching resources. Another referenced author exposes the tool as a new technologic resource to the study of anatomy with clinical orientation, considering that it is adequate to study larger anatomical structures, different organs, and topography, but they omit the proof of their efficacy (Hecht and Larrazabal, 2018).
{"title":"SynDaver®: as a tool for anatomical teaching?","authors":"Blanca Mompeó","doi":"10.52083/nvxc7226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/nvxc7226","url":null,"abstract":"From my point of view, some questions concerning the SynDaver® synthetic cadaver deserve to be analyzed: 1. is the utility of synthetic cadavers different from the cheaper plastic models? 2. could this new resource replace the use of the human cadaver? 3. is it possible to dissect a synthetic cadaver? Regarding the first point, although the SynDaver® synthetic cadaver is offered as a highfidelity model, there is no proof of this material’s effectiveness in gross anatomy teaching, considering its expensive cost. The letter’s authors stated that students perform better on final exams when they dissect these types of material compared to 3D models and anatomical drawings, but there are no systematic studies about its effectiveness or comparison with other teaching resources. Supporting the synthetic cadaver effectiveness, the authors reference the work of Richardson et al. (2020), who explore this material’s utility and student perception in an undergraduate human anatomy course. Using a systematic study, the authors demonstrated its utility by improving student grades by comparing synthetic cadavers and models with only models, but not with other teaching resources. Another referenced author exposes the tool as a new technologic resource to the study of anatomy with clinical orientation, considering that it is adequate to study larger anatomical structures, different organs, and topography, but they omit the proof of their efficacy (Hecht and Larrazabal, 2018).","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82257554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Ríos, Isabel Pérez-Rubio, María Benito, Francisco Pastor
The vascular grooves on the lateral surface of the tibial diaphysis have been suggested as a qualitative indicator of mobility and physical activity. We study here the association between these grooves and an external index of cross-sectional circularity of the tibia, a biomechanical variable related to mobility. Three Iberian skeletal samples were selected for study, representing the Chalcolithic, Early Modern and Contemporary periods, a time span where a significant decrease in ambulatory activity has been documented in European samples. For each tibia, the circularity index and the presence of vascular grooves were recorded. The Chalcolithic sample presented a higher circularity index compared with the other two samples, indicating higher levels of ambulatory physical activity. It also presented a higher frequency of vascular grooves. The association between the circularity index and the presence of vascular grooves was significant, but considerable overlapping in the index was observed between tibiae with few and several grooves. These grooves are associated to the tibialis anterior muscle, which is activated during the gait cycle but also in what has been called “active rest” postures, and possibly in other nonambulatory activities involving foot hyperdorsiflexion. The age- and sex-related changes in the vascular system could be also important in the interpretation of these grooves. These grooves might be partially related to levels of ambulatory activity, but we conclude that its presence cannot be used alone as a qualitative marker of mobility. Its use as a general indicator of overall lower limb muscle activity should be explored.
{"title":"Tibial vascular grooves: ambulatory physical activity and overall muscle activation","authors":"Luis Ríos, Isabel Pérez-Rubio, María Benito, Francisco Pastor","doi":"10.52083/qawr7133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/qawr7133","url":null,"abstract":"The vascular grooves on the lateral surface of the tibial diaphysis have been suggested as a qualitative indicator of mobility and physical activity. We study here the association between these grooves and an external index of cross-sectional circularity of the tibia, a biomechanical variable related to mobility. Three Iberian skeletal samples were selected for study, representing the Chalcolithic, Early Modern and Contemporary periods, a time span where a significant decrease in ambulatory activity has been documented in European samples. For each tibia, the circularity index and the presence of vascular grooves were recorded. The Chalcolithic sample presented a higher circularity index compared with the other two samples, indicating higher levels of ambulatory physical activity. It also presented a higher frequency of vascular grooves. The association between the circularity index and the presence of vascular grooves was significant, but considerable overlapping in the index was observed between tibiae with few and several grooves. These grooves are associated to the tibialis anterior muscle, which is activated during the gait cycle but also in what has been called “active rest” postures, and possibly in other nonambulatory activities involving foot hyperdorsiflexion. The age- and sex-related changes in the vascular system could be also important in the interpretation of these grooves. These grooves might be partially related to levels of ambulatory activity, but we conclude that its presence cannot be used alone as a qualitative marker of mobility. Its use as a general indicator of overall lower limb muscle activity should be explored.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80482658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Namrata Suresh, Eswari Solayappan, CJ DrSanjay
Identifying Stafne bone cavities of the ramus mimics early diagnosis of cysts or tumours. In contrast, failure to recognize them can result in incorrect diagnoses and ineffective treatments. Clinical and radiological characteristics using orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography to make clinicians aware of such entities and help distinguish between this anatomical variant from benign tumours or cysts. This report attempts to broaden the understanding of this rare entity, as, to the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of the ramus variant of Stafne bone cavities have been reported in the literature.
{"title":"The unfamiliar entity in an unfamiliar location - Stafne bone cavity (Ramus variant)","authors":"K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Namrata Suresh, Eswari Solayappan, CJ DrSanjay","doi":"10.52083/nukd2624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/nukd2624","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying Stafne bone cavities of the ramus mimics early diagnosis of cysts or tumours. In contrast, failure to recognize them can result in incorrect diagnoses and ineffective treatments. Clinical and radiological characteristics using orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography to make clinicians aware of such entities and help distinguish between this anatomical variant from benign tumours or cysts. This report attempts to broaden the understanding of this rare entity, as, to the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of the ramus variant of Stafne bone cavities have been reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83841694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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