Sushma S. Mandala, P. Dass, M. Pai, R. Vadgaonkar, R. Rai, B. Murlimanju, Lakshmisha Rao
Management of soft tissue loss around the posterior aspect of the elbow region is most challenging for clinicians, as it may require reconstructive methods for the better healing of wounds. One of the options for reconstructive surgery is local muscle rotational flaps by the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and brachioradialis (BR). This study aimed to explore the morphometry and vascular anatomy of FCU and BR. Thirty formalin-embalmed cadaveric upper extremities (16 right and 14 left) were utilized for this study. The average length of the FCU muscle belly was 28.96 ±2.16 cm within a range of 24.3 to 32.5 cm, and the average length of the tendon was 10.05 ± 2.2 cm, with a range of 6.9 to 14.3 cm. The number of vascular pedicles for FCU was one in 5, two in 21, and three and four in 2 specimens respectively. All the pedicles arose from the ulnar artery. The average length of the BR muscle was 28.2 ±3.58 cm, with a range of 22.8 to 36.8 cm, and the average length of its tendon was 8.2 cm, with a range of 5.7 to 13.5 cm. In 90% of specimens, BR had only one vascular pedicle and in 10% there were two pedicles. These pedicles arose from the radial recurrent artery and the radial artery. Detailed morphometric and topographic anatomy of the vascular pedicles of FCU and BR are provided in this study, which can be considered the morphological database for the South Indian population.
{"title":"Anatomic study of flexor carpi ulnaris and brachioradialis muscles and their implication in reconstructive surgeries","authors":"Sushma S. Mandala, P. Dass, M. Pai, R. Vadgaonkar, R. Rai, B. Murlimanju, Lakshmisha Rao","doi":"10.52083/lexe5555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/lexe5555","url":null,"abstract":"Management of soft tissue loss around the posterior aspect of the elbow region is most challenging for clinicians, as it may require reconstructive methods for the better healing of wounds. One of the options for reconstructive surgery is local muscle rotational flaps by the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and brachioradialis (BR). This study aimed to explore the morphometry and vascular anatomy of FCU and BR. Thirty formalin-embalmed cadaveric upper extremities (16 right and 14 left) were utilized for this study. The average length of the FCU muscle belly was 28.96 ±2.16 cm within a range of 24.3 to 32.5 cm, and the average length of the tendon was 10.05 ± 2.2 cm, with a range of 6.9 to 14.3 cm. The number of vascular pedicles for FCU was one in 5, two in 21, and three and four in 2 specimens respectively. All the pedicles arose from the ulnar artery. The average length of the BR muscle was 28.2 ±3.58 cm, with a range of 22.8 to 36.8 cm, and the average length of its tendon was 8.2 cm, with a range of 5.7 to 13.5 cm. In 90% of specimens, BR had only one vascular pedicle and in 10% there were two pedicles. These pedicles arose from the radial recurrent artery and the radial artery. Detailed morphometric and topographic anatomy of the vascular pedicles of FCU and BR are provided in this study, which can be considered the morphological database for the South Indian population.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gras-Cabrerizo, María Martel-Martín, M. Casasayas-Plass, J. C. Villatoro-Sologaistoa
Transorbital expanded endoscopic approaches allow different areas of the skull base to be approached. The aim of our study is to analyse the main anatomical bone and neurovascular structures of the middle cranial fossa by means of a transpalpebral transorbital lateral endoscopic approach (TTLEA). An anatomical study was performed on 12 orbital cavities corresponding to 6 cadaver heads. All specimens were previously injected with colored latex through both carotid systems. The mean distance from the orbital rim to the zygomatic-facial foramen and to the zygomatic-temporal foramen was 11 mm and 16 mm respectively. In all cases the meningo-orbital foramen was found at a mean distance from the orbital rim of 34 mm. The superior orbital fissure (SOF) was located posterior to the meningo-orbital foramen at 39 mm. The foramen rotundum and foramen ovale were located separated from each other by 10 mm on average. Anterior to the foramen ovale a bony prominence was observed in all cases. In 11 cases (92%) the entrance of the accessory meningeal artery into the foramen ovale was evident and in one case an accessory foramen was observed. The middle meningeal artery was located in all dissections within the foramen spinosum. The TTLEA offers a wide and direct exposure of the middle cranial fossa. It should be considered as an alternative to transcranial approaches in certain lesions invading the lateral region of the middle cranial fossa, the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus or the infratemporal fossa.
{"title":"Transpalpebral transorbital endoscopic lateral approach to the middle cranial fossa: anatomical study in cadaver","authors":"J. Gras-Cabrerizo, María Martel-Martín, M. Casasayas-Plass, J. C. Villatoro-Sologaistoa","doi":"10.52083/hnnk7711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/hnnk7711","url":null,"abstract":"Transorbital expanded endoscopic approaches allow different areas of the skull base to be approached. The aim of our study is to analyse the main anatomical bone and neurovascular structures of the middle cranial fossa by means of a transpalpebral transorbital lateral endoscopic approach (TTLEA). An anatomical study was performed on 12 orbital cavities corresponding to 6 cadaver heads. All specimens were previously injected with colored latex through both carotid systems. The mean distance from the orbital rim to the zygomatic-facial foramen and to the zygomatic-temporal foramen was 11 mm and 16 mm respectively. In all cases the meningo-orbital foramen was found at a mean distance from the orbital rim of 34 mm. The superior orbital fissure (SOF) was located posterior to the meningo-orbital foramen at 39 mm. The foramen rotundum and foramen ovale were located separated from each other by 10 mm on average. Anterior to the foramen ovale a bony prominence was observed in all cases. In 11 cases (92%) the entrance of the accessory meningeal artery into the foramen ovale was evident and in one case an accessory foramen was observed. The middle meningeal artery was located in all dissections within the foramen spinosum. The TTLEA offers a wide and direct exposure of the middle cranial fossa. It should be considered as an alternative to transcranial approaches in certain lesions invading the lateral region of the middle cranial fossa, the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus or the infratemporal fossa.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyanka Parmesh, Roshni Sadashiv, U. Dinesh, Anil Bargale
The complex phenomenon of renal development involves several signaling molecules. Any alteration in the developmental process could largely influence the organogenesis, thus predisposing to several adulthood diseases. Leptin is a pleiotropic gene secreted by adipose cells. However, the purview of its actions is much beyond merely the extent of human adipose reserve. It regulates several cellular mechanisms such as cell proliferation, inflammation, vasculogenesis, and the production of collagen fibres. Further leptins are thought to play a putative role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The aim of thIS study was to investigate the localization of the protein in fetal and cancer kidney in an attempt to understand the role of the protein in fetal kidney development and in renal cancer. Leptin expression was evaluated by subjecting tissue sections from paraffin-embedded blocks of renal tissues (fetal, adult and cancer) to immunohistochemistry staining. The tissues were scored based on the staining pattern and percentage of immunoreactive cells. The tissues were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin stain before performing immunohistochemistry. The images were analyzed and photographed. Mild staining for leptin was observed in the tubules of fetal and adult kidneys. Mild to moderate staining was seen in membranes of renal cell carcinoma tissues. It appears such that leptin may not be a key factor or rather a temporary factor in the developmental process of the kidney. The low levels of leptin in normal adult renal tissues may be physiologically significant. The role of leptin in the renal cell carcinoma progression is sceptible.
{"title":"Expression analysis of leptin in nephrogenesis and renal carcinogenesis","authors":"Priyanka Parmesh, Roshni Sadashiv, U. Dinesh, Anil Bargale","doi":"10.52083/myaz1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/myaz1507","url":null,"abstract":"The complex phenomenon of renal development involves several signaling molecules. Any alteration in the developmental process could largely influence the organogenesis, thus predisposing to several adulthood diseases. Leptin is a pleiotropic gene secreted by adipose cells. However, the purview of its actions is much beyond merely the extent of human adipose reserve. It regulates several cellular mechanisms such as cell proliferation, inflammation, vasculogenesis, and the production of collagen fibres. Further leptins are thought to play a putative role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The aim of thIS study was to investigate the localization of the protein in fetal and cancer kidney in an attempt to understand the role of the protein in fetal kidney development and in renal cancer. Leptin expression was evaluated by subjecting tissue sections from paraffin-embedded blocks of renal tissues (fetal, adult and cancer) to immunohistochemistry staining. The tissues were scored based on the staining pattern and percentage of immunoreactive cells. The tissues were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin stain before performing immunohistochemistry. The images were analyzed and photographed. Mild staining for leptin was observed in the tubules of fetal and adult kidneys. Mild to moderate staining was seen in membranes of renal cell carcinoma tissues. It appears such that leptin may not be a key factor or rather a temporary factor in the developmental process of the kidney. The low levels of leptin in normal adult renal tissues may be physiologically significant. The role of leptin in the renal cell carcinoma progression is sceptible.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The variants in the origin of the trunks of the aortic arch are very heterogeneous. Among them, it is worth highlighting the variants that involve the origin of the vertebral artery and more specifically the left vertebral artery. We present the case of a 62-year-old patient in whom an aberrant vertebral artery was incidentally described in a computed tomography for oncological evaluation. This anatomical variant is asymptomatic in up to 5% of cases and can give rise to clinical problems of a vascular nature.
{"title":"Aberrant origin of the left vertebral artery: clinical case and scientific literature","authors":"C. Mesas, F. Quiñonero, G. Perazzoli, K. Doello","doi":"10.52083/ewno7926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ewno7926","url":null,"abstract":"The variants in the origin of the trunks of the aortic arch are very heterogeneous. Among them, it is worth highlighting the variants that involve the origin of the vertebral artery and more specifically the left vertebral artery. We present the case of a 62-year-old patient in whom an aberrant vertebral artery was incidentally described in a computed tomography for oncological evaluation. This anatomical variant is asymptomatic in up to 5% of cases and can give rise to clinical problems of a vascular nature.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141043083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Onodi cells, also known as sphenoethmoidal air cells, are a variant of the most posterior ethmoid cells and are closely related to the optic canal. The presence of Onodi cells may increase the risk of optic nerve injury and result in confusion with sphenoid sinuses during endoscopic sinus surgery, leading to the oversight of sphenoid sinus pathology. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of Onodi cells and their relationship with the optic nerve on CT scans. A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing CT scans of paranasal sinuses in 196 posterior ethmoid air cells from 98 patients (30 males and 68 females) aged 18 or older, without abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses and optic nerve anatomy. The prevalence of Onodi cells was 38.78%, with 26.32% on the left, 44.74% on the right, and 28.94% bilaterally. Onodi cell pneumatization was observed in the order of Type I > Type II > Type III on both sides. The most common relationship between Onodi cells and the optic nerve was Type A on both sides. The incidence of the optic nerve bulging into Onodi cells was 50%, and the exposure of the optic nerve into Onodi cells was 7.89%. The study investigated the prevalence and relationship between Onodi cells and the optic nerve. CT scans proved to be a crucial diagnostic tool in providing essential information about Onodi cells before surgery.
奥诺迪细胞又称蝶窦气细胞，是乙状结肠最后部细胞的变种，与视神经管密切相关。奥诺迪细胞的存在可能会增加视神经损伤的风险，并在内窥镜鼻窦手术中与蝶窦混淆，导致蝶窦病变的疏忽。本研究旨在通过 CT 扫描检查奥诺迪细胞的特征及其与视神经的关系。研究人员进行了一项横断面研究，分析了 98 名年龄在 18 岁或 18 岁以上、鼻旁窦和视神经解剖结构无异常的患者（男性 30 人，女性 68 人）196 个乙状窦后气室的鼻旁窦 CT 扫描结果。奥诺迪细胞的发病率为 38.78%，其中左侧 26.32%，右侧 44.74%，双侧 28.94%。两侧奥诺迪细胞气化的顺序为 I 型 > II 型 > III 型。两侧奥诺迪细胞与视神经之间最常见的关系是A型。视神经鼓入奥诺迪细胞的发生率为50%，视神经暴露于奥诺迪细胞的发生率为7.89%。该研究调查了奥诺迪细胞和视神经的发病率和关系。事实证明，CT扫描是一种重要的诊断工具，可在手术前提供有关奥诺迪细胞的重要信息。
{"title":"The relationship between optic nerve and Onodi cells on CT scan","authors":"Lam Thi Huyen Tran, Nguyen Le Vinh Thuan","doi":"10.52083/uwji9217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/uwji9217","url":null,"abstract":"The Onodi cells, also known as sphenoethmoidal air cells, are a variant of the most posterior ethmoid cells and are closely related to the optic canal. The presence of Onodi cells may increase the risk of optic nerve injury and result in confusion with sphenoid sinuses during endoscopic sinus surgery, leading to the oversight of sphenoid sinus pathology. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of Onodi cells and their relationship with the optic nerve on CT scans. A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing CT scans of paranasal sinuses in 196 posterior ethmoid air cells from 98 patients (30 males and 68 females) aged 18 or older, without abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses and optic nerve anatomy. The prevalence of Onodi cells was 38.78%, with 26.32% on the left, 44.74% on the right, and 28.94% bilaterally. Onodi cell pneumatization was observed in the order of Type I > Type II > Type III on both sides. The most common relationship between Onodi cells and the optic nerve was Type A on both sides. The incidence of the optic nerve bulging into Onodi cells was 50%, and the exposure of the optic nerve into Onodi cells was 7.89%. The study investigated the prevalence and relationship between Onodi cells and the optic nerve. CT scans proved to be a crucial diagnostic tool in providing essential information about Onodi cells before surgery.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sanjay, Karthikeya Patil, Christopher Varusha Sharon, Vikram Jain
Labial ankyloglossia is a rare condition where the lingual frenum is found to be continuous with the labial frenum. It is a rare condition that can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate intervention can lead to substantial improvements in speech, oral hygiene, and overall well-being. This case report underscores the importance of considering labial ankyloglossia as a differential diagnosis in patients with lip-related issues and highlights the potential benefits of surgical correction in improving lip function and aesthetics.
{"title":"Labial ankyloglossia - a case report on fusion of frenums","authors":"C. Sanjay, Karthikeya Patil, Christopher Varusha Sharon, Vikram Jain","doi":"10.52083/llmp7366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/llmp7366","url":null,"abstract":"Labial ankyloglossia is a rare condition where the lingual frenum is found to be continuous with the labial frenum. It is a rare condition that can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate intervention can lead to substantial improvements in speech, oral hygiene, and overall well-being. This case report underscores the importance of considering labial ankyloglossia as a differential diagnosis in patients with lip-related issues and highlights the potential benefits of surgical correction in improving lip function and aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karthikeya Patil, C. Sanjay, K. Mahesh, Eswari Solayappan, Christopher Varusha Sharon, Namrata Suresh
The foramen transversarium is a vital feature found in the cervical vertebrae of the spine. It serves as a protective passageway for the vertebral artery and vertebral vein, supplying blood to the brain and spinal cord. Any compromise to these structures within the foramen can lead to severe neurological complications, emphasizing its clinical significance. The study was carried out on 83 subjects of typical cervical vertebrae. Among them were 42 males and 41 females. All the foramen transversaria were observed for any anatomical variations. The anteroposterior, transverse diameters of all the foramen transversaria and the distance between the medial margin of uncinate process to the foramen transversarium were measured. The average transverse diameter of typical cervical vertebrae and seventh cervical vertebrae were ± 0.84mm and 5.13 ± 1.22 mm respectively. The average anteroposterior diameters of typical and seventh cervical vertebrae were 4.84 ± 0.69 mm and 3.91 ± 1.17 mm respectively. The distance from medial border of uncinate process to foramen transversaria was 4.28 ± 0.77 mm in typical and 5.44 ± 1.28 mm in seventh cervical vertebrae. The incidence of double bubble foramen in typical cervical vertebrae was reported to be17.5%. The incidence of double foramen transversaria was 12.5% in the seventh cervical vertebrae. Osteophytes were obstructing the foramen transversarium and narrowing it in 25% of vertebrae. In cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the foramen transversarium plays a pivotal role in precise imaging of the cervical spine. Its significance lies in providing clear visualization of anatomical structures and potential abnormalities, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for various spinal conditions, thus enhancing patient care.
{"title":"A cone beam computed tomographic study on foramen transversarium","authors":"Karthikeya Patil, C. Sanjay, K. Mahesh, Eswari Solayappan, Christopher Varusha Sharon, Namrata Suresh","doi":"10.52083/cjiy2659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/cjiy2659","url":null,"abstract":"The foramen transversarium is a vital feature found in the cervical vertebrae of the spine. It serves as a protective passageway for the vertebral artery and vertebral vein, supplying blood to the brain and spinal cord. Any compromise to these structures within the foramen can lead to severe neurological complications, emphasizing its clinical significance. The study was carried out on 83 subjects of typical cervical vertebrae. Among them were 42 males and 41 females. All the foramen transversaria were observed for any anatomical variations. The anteroposterior, transverse diameters of all the foramen transversaria and the distance between the medial margin of uncinate process to the foramen transversarium were measured. The average transverse diameter of typical cervical vertebrae and seventh cervical vertebrae were ± 0.84mm and 5.13 ± 1.22 mm respectively. The average anteroposterior diameters of typical and seventh cervical vertebrae were 4.84 ± 0.69 mm and 3.91 ± 1.17 mm respectively. The distance from medial border of uncinate process to foramen transversaria was 4.28 ± 0.77 mm in typical and 5.44 ± 1.28 mm in seventh cervical vertebrae. The incidence of double bubble foramen in typical cervical vertebrae was reported to be17.5%. The incidence of double foramen transversaria was 12.5% in the seventh cervical vertebrae. Osteophytes were obstructing the foramen transversarium and narrowing it in 25% of vertebrae. In cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the foramen transversarium plays a pivotal role in precise imaging of the cervical spine. Its significance lies in providing clear visualization of anatomical structures and potential abnormalities, aiding in the accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for various spinal conditions, thus enhancing patient care.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physiological integrity of the gastric mucosa is dependent on the balance between the mucosal protective and aggressive factors. Medicinal plants or their derivatives generally exhibit gastroprotective effect by promoting the protective factors against the aggressive factors of the gastric mucosa. The study was conducted to elucidate the gastroprotective mechanism of the methanol extract of C. owariensis (MECo) in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which include control groups A and B – given distilled water – and treated groups C and D – animals given 100 and 300 mg/kg MECo respectively for 28 days. After the treatment period, gastric mucosal injury was induced for groups B-D by pyloric ligation method. The gastric tissue of animals was collected, processed for histology (haematoxylin and eosin technique), histochemistry (periodic acid-schiff technique) and immunohistochemical staining (for Bcl-2 & Bax proteins). The results of the gastric histomorphology showed prominent and widespread mucosal erosion in positive control group B compared to normal control group A, while treated groups C and D showed only mild or focal mucosal erosion. Furthermore, the histochemical results showed significant increase in mucous cell population in treated groups C and D compared to positive control group B. The immunostaining results showed significant up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the treated groups C and D compared to the control groups A and B. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the increased mucous cell population and modulation of apoptotic signaling highlights the mechanism of gastroprotective activity of MECo.
胃黏膜的生理完整性取决于黏膜保护因子和侵蚀因子之间的平衡。药用植物或其衍生物通常通过促进保护因子对抗胃黏膜的侵袭因子而表现出胃黏膜保护作用。本研究旨在阐明 C. owariensis 甲醇提取物（MECo）对大鼠胃保护作用的机制。研究人员将 20 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为四组，其中对照组 A 和 B（给予蒸馏水），治疗组 C 和 D（分别给予 100 mg 和 300 mg/kg MECo，持续 28 天）。治疗期结束后，采用幽门结扎法诱导 B-D 组动物的胃黏膜损伤。收集动物的胃组织，进行组织学（血色素和伊红技术）、组织化学（周期性酸-希夫技术）和免疫组化染色（Bcl-2 和 Bax 蛋白）处理。胃组织形态学结果显示，与正常对照组 A 相比，阳性对照组 B 的粘膜糜烂明显且广泛，而治疗组 C 和 D 的粘膜糜烂仅为轻度或局灶性。免疫染色结果显示，与对照组 A 和 B 相比，治疗组 C 和 D 的抗凋亡 Bcl-2 蛋白显著上调，促凋亡 Bax 蛋白显著下调。
{"title":"Increased mucous cell population and modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 factors characterize in vivo gastroprotective activity of Cissampelos owariensis in rats","authors":"Oluwasegun Olatomide, Dayo Omotoso","doi":"10.52083/qkpm8082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/qkpm8082","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological integrity of the gastric mucosa is dependent on the balance between the mucosal protective and aggressive factors. Medicinal plants or their derivatives generally exhibit gastroprotective effect by promoting the protective factors against the aggressive factors of the gastric mucosa. The study was conducted to elucidate the gastroprotective mechanism of the methanol extract of C. owariensis (MECo) in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which include control groups A and B – given distilled water – and treated groups C and D – animals given 100 and 300 mg/kg MECo respectively for 28 days. After the treatment period, gastric mucosal injury was induced for groups B-D by pyloric ligation method. The gastric tissue of animals was collected, processed for histology (haematoxylin and eosin technique), histochemistry (periodic acid-schiff technique) and immunohistochemical staining (for Bcl-2 & Bax proteins). The results of the gastric histomorphology showed prominent and widespread mucosal erosion in positive control group B compared to normal control group A, while treated groups C and D showed only mild or focal mucosal erosion. Furthermore, the histochemical results showed significant increase in mucous cell population in treated groups C and D compared to positive control group B. The immunostaining results showed significant up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in the treated groups C and D compared to the control groups A and B. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the increased mucous cell population and modulation of apoptotic signaling highlights the mechanism of gastroprotective activity of MECo.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ozkan Kose, Levent Sarikcioglu, M. B. Ertan, Faruk Aykanat, Omer Faruk Egerci, Cemil Gurses
This observational study aimed to determine the prevalence of accessory carpal ossicles (ACO) using a computerized tomography examination. The digital imaging database of the authors’ institution was retrospectively reviewed, and all wrist computerized tomography examinations for any indication were identified between 2014 and 2021. Patients with previous wrist surgery and severely impaired carpal anatomy, such as severe osteoarthritis or congenital or acquired deformities that may preclude evaluation and identification of accessory carpal ossicles, were excluded from the study. Four orthopedic surgeons reviewed the computerized tomography scans and identified patients with accessory carpal ossicles on two-dimensional (coronal, axial, and sagittal planes) and three-dimensional computerized tomography reconstructions. Two thousand two hundred thirteen patients, with a mean age of 36.8±12.8 years, were identified and included. Accessory carpal ossicles were detected in 156 (7.1%) subjects, with 186 ACOs identified. The most common accessory carpal ossicles were os praetrapezium (n:34, 1.536%), os triquetrum secundarium (n:28, 1.265%), os epitriquetrum (n:20, 0.903%), os hamuli proprium (n:18, 0.813%), os ulnostyloideum (n:16, 0.723%), os epilunatum (n:12, 0.542%) and os styloideum (n:11, 0.497%) respectively. The study provides valuable information on the prevalence and distribution of accessory carpal ossicles, which can aid in accurately diagnosing and managing wrist pathologies. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical significance and potential impact of rare accessory carpal ossicles on wrist disorders.
{"title":"Prevalence of accessory carpal ossicles - a CT-based survey","authors":"Ozkan Kose, Levent Sarikcioglu, M. B. Ertan, Faruk Aykanat, Omer Faruk Egerci, Cemil Gurses","doi":"10.52083/zfnx1794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/zfnx1794","url":null,"abstract":"This observational study aimed to determine the prevalence of accessory carpal ossicles (ACO) using a computerized tomography examination. The digital imaging database of the authors’ institution was retrospectively reviewed, and all wrist computerized tomography examinations for any indication were identified between 2014 and 2021. Patients with previous wrist surgery and severely impaired carpal anatomy, such as severe osteoarthritis or congenital or acquired deformities that may preclude evaluation and identification of accessory carpal ossicles, were excluded from the study. Four orthopedic surgeons reviewed the computerized tomography scans and identified patients with accessory carpal ossicles on two-dimensional (coronal, axial, and sagittal planes) and three-dimensional computerized tomography reconstructions. Two thousand two hundred thirteen patients, with a mean age of 36.8±12.8 years, were identified and included. Accessory carpal ossicles were detected in 156 (7.1%) subjects, with 186 ACOs identified. The most common accessory carpal ossicles were os praetrapezium (n:34, 1.536%), os triquetrum secundarium (n:28, 1.265%), os epitriquetrum (n:20, 0.903%), os hamuli proprium (n:18, 0.813%), os ulnostyloideum (n:16, 0.723%), os epilunatum (n:12, 0.542%) and os styloideum (n:11, 0.497%) respectively. The study provides valuable information on the prevalence and distribution of accessory carpal ossicles, which can aid in accurately diagnosing and managing wrist pathologies. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical significance and potential impact of rare accessory carpal ossicles on wrist disorders.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macrodontia (or megadontia) is a rare dental anomaly characterized by excessive enlargement of all tooth structures, and in few cases may be associated with morphological anomalies. The goal of this study was to find out how common macrodontia of the maxillary central incisors was among Delta State University students in Abraka. The Research and Ethical Committee of the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, gave approval for this study. A descriptive cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 102 subjects was conducted (58 female and 44 male). The method used was a simple random sampling technique. The age and sex of each subject were obtained using a data form, and intra-oral measurements of the mesio-distal width of the maxillary right central incisors were taken. Results were arranged according to age and sex to ascertain the occurrence of sexual dimorphism; independent sample t test and chi-square test were used as inferential statistical tools. The prevalence of macrodontia was 35.3%; there was a significant sex difference, as p value was <0.05; there was no significant difference within the age groups, as p-value was > 0.05. The mean mesio-distal width was 8.54±0.25 mm in those who did not have macrodontia and 9.63±0.54 mm in those who did have macrodontia. Macrodontia of central incisors is dominant amid Delta State University learners in Abraka.
{"title":"A study of macrodontia of the permanent maxillary central incisors among Delta State University students in Abraka, Nigeria","authors":"E. Anibor, O. Godswill, Rosemary Obaremi","doi":"10.52083/pvzf3619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/pvzf3619","url":null,"abstract":"Macrodontia (or megadontia) is a rare dental anomaly characterized by excessive enlargement of all tooth structures, and in few cases may be associated with morphological anomalies. The goal of this study was to find out how common macrodontia of the maxillary central incisors was among Delta State University students in Abraka. The Research and Ethical Committee of the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, gave approval for this study. A descriptive cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 102 subjects was conducted (58 female and 44 male). The method used was a simple random sampling technique. The age and sex of each subject were obtained using a data form, and intra-oral measurements of the mesio-distal width of the maxillary right central incisors were taken. Results were arranged according to age and sex to ascertain the occurrence of sexual dimorphism; independent sample t test and chi-square test were used as inferential statistical tools. The prevalence of macrodontia was 35.3%; there was a significant sex difference, as p value was <0.05; there was no significant difference within the age groups, as p-value was > 0.05. The mean mesio-distal width was 8.54±0.25 mm in those who did not have macrodontia and 9.63±0.54 mm in those who did have macrodontia. Macrodontia of central incisors is dominant amid Delta State University learners in Abraka.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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