A.J. Ayang, J. Atawalna, Banjamin O. Emikpe, D. Abiliba, E.P. Dongbataazie, E. Adom, A.D. Asare, M.P. Amponsah
The application of artificial insemination in donkeys must be based on a knowledge of breeding soundness, while other reproductive physiology of the donkey including testicular morphometric parameters and sperm production is scanty in literature. This study sought to assess the testicular morphometry and epididymal sperm qualities of donkeys in Bolgatanga and to determine the effect of season on spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm parameters. Twelve sexually mature donkeys, aging 10 to 15 years old, had their testes and epididymis surgically harvested immediately after slaughter, semen parameters were assessed thereafter and testicular volume calculated. Epididymal sperm was harvested by retrograde flushing technique and sperm parameters were obtained. This study showed no significant difference (p-value >0.05) between the length, width and volume of the left and right testes, and that the rainy season showed greater values in seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial height, and luminal diameter. The study revealed that donkeys showed a greater level of spermatogenesis in the rainy season compared to the dry season, indicating that donkeys are seasonal breeders.
{"title":"Testicular morphometry and epididymal sperm qualities of donkeys in Bolgatanga, Ghana","authors":"A.J. Ayang, J. Atawalna, Banjamin O. Emikpe, D. Abiliba, E.P. Dongbataazie, E. Adom, A.D. Asare, M.P. Amponsah","doi":"10.52083/kvov3346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/kvov3346","url":null,"abstract":"The application of artificial insemination in donkeys must be based on a knowledge of breeding soundness, while other reproductive physiology of the donkey including testicular morphometric parameters and sperm production is scanty in literature. This study sought to assess the testicular morphometry and epididymal sperm qualities of donkeys in Bolgatanga and to determine the effect of season on spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm parameters. Twelve sexually mature donkeys, aging 10 to 15 years old, had their testes and epididymis surgically harvested immediately after slaughter, semen parameters were assessed thereafter and testicular volume calculated. Epididymal sperm was harvested by retrograde flushing technique and sperm parameters were obtained. This study showed no significant difference (p-value >0.05) between the length, width and volume of the left and right testes, and that the rainy season showed greater values in seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial height, and luminal diameter. The study revealed that donkeys showed a greater level of spermatogenesis in the rainy season compared to the dry season, indicating that donkeys are seasonal breeders.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatomical variations of the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary system are common, including those affecting the course and insertion point of the cystic duct. Adequate knowledge of such variations and an appropriate roadmap before any surgical, endoscopic or percutaneous procedure help in preventing associated iatrogenic complications. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can precisely delineate the anatomy of the biliary system preoperatively. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who presented with chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain of 6 months duration, which had acutely worsened over the previous 2 weeks, and no other comorbidities. Blood tests were normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a slight dilatation of the common hepatic duct (10 mm), but no gallstones or sludge were demonstrated. MRCP excluded choledocholithiasis but revealed a cystic duct coursing medial to the common bile duct before anastomosing at the level of the ampulla of Vater. Trifurcation (Type 2 variant) of the intra-hepatic bile system was also observed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first report to clearly document this exceptionally rare anatomic cystic duct anomaly on MRCP.
{"title":"An exceedingly rare case of separated drainage of the cystic duct, the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct documented on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography","authors":"N. Brandi, Marta Fiscaletti, Matteo Renzulli","doi":"10.52083/jhof9715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/jhof9715","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical variations of the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary system are common, including those affecting the course and insertion point of the cystic duct. Adequate knowledge of such variations and an appropriate roadmap before any surgical, endoscopic or percutaneous procedure help in preventing associated iatrogenic complications. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can precisely delineate the anatomy of the biliary system preoperatively. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who presented with chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain of 6 months duration, which had acutely worsened over the previous 2 weeks, and no other comorbidities. Blood tests were normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a slight dilatation of the common hepatic duct (10 mm), but no gallstones or sludge were demonstrated. MRCP excluded choledocholithiasis but revealed a cystic duct coursing medial to the common bile duct before anastomosing at the level of the ampulla of Vater. Trifurcation (Type 2 variant) of the intra-hepatic bile system was also observed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first report to clearly document this exceptionally rare anatomic cystic duct anomaly on MRCP.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. N. Watanabe, A. C. Rossi, Amanda L. Smith, B. C. Ferreira-Pileggi, E. Daruge Júnior, F. Prado, Alexandre R. Freire
Zygomatic arch and articular eminence are structures from the human skull involved in jaw muscle activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate three-dimensional morphological patterns of the zygomatic arch and its relationships with articular eminence in a Brazilian population. 122 computed tomography scans of human skulls were evaluated. The Mimics 18.0 software (Materialise, NV, Belgium) was used to perform segmentation of images from CT scans. 3D reconstructions of CT scans were imported into Rhinoceros 5.0 software (McNeel & Associates, Seattle, USA), in which linear measurements (mm) were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPAD Prism v.8 (San Diego, CA, USA). The normality of the sample was checked by Shapiro-Wilks and significance level of 5% was considered. Based on cross-sectional area classification, out of 116 male zygomatic arches the incidence was 59% of type elliptical (E) and 41% of type blade-like (Bl). Out of 102 female zygomatic arches the incidence was 38% of type E and 62% of type Bl. There was no incidence of type cylindrical (C). Based on the classification proposed in the present study, the incidence for males was 58% of type parentheses (P), 38% of type bracket (B) and 4% of type M-shaped (M); and the incidence for females was 33% (type P), 66% (type B) and 1% (type M). The elliptical and convex body of the zygomatic arch prevailed in males and the blade-like and straight body of the zygomatic arch prevailed in females. There is no relationship between zygomatic arch type and zygomatic arch and articular eminence distances.
{"title":"Three-dimensional characterization of zygomatic arch morphology and its relation to the articular eminence in a Brazilian population","authors":"L. N. Watanabe, A. C. Rossi, Amanda L. Smith, B. C. Ferreira-Pileggi, E. Daruge Júnior, F. Prado, Alexandre R. Freire","doi":"10.52083/htwu4773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/htwu4773","url":null,"abstract":"Zygomatic arch and articular eminence are structures from the human skull involved in jaw muscle activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate three-dimensional morphological patterns of the zygomatic arch and its relationships with articular eminence in a Brazilian population. 122 computed tomography scans of human skulls were evaluated. The Mimics 18.0 software (Materialise, NV, Belgium) was used to perform segmentation of images from CT scans. 3D reconstructions of CT scans were imported into Rhinoceros 5.0 software (McNeel & Associates, Seattle, USA), in which linear measurements (mm) were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPAD Prism v.8 (San Diego, CA, USA). The normality of the sample was checked by Shapiro-Wilks and significance level of 5% was considered. Based on cross-sectional area classification, out of 116 male zygomatic arches the incidence was 59% of type elliptical (E) and 41% of type blade-like (Bl). Out of 102 female zygomatic arches the incidence was 38% of type E and 62% of type Bl. There was no incidence of type cylindrical (C). Based on the classification proposed in the present study, the incidence for males was 58% of type parentheses (P), 38% of type bracket (B) and 4% of type M-shaped (M); and the incidence for females was 33% (type P), 66% (type B) and 1% (type M). The elliptical and convex body of the zygomatic arch prevailed in males and the blade-like and straight body of the zygomatic arch prevailed in females. There is no relationship between zygomatic arch type and zygomatic arch and articular eminence distances.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Montero-Peña, José M. Morales-De Pando, Alfredo Díaz-Gómez, Gloria González-Medina, A. Ribelles-García, Gonzalo Pérez-Arana, J. Prada-Oliveira
Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats are a useful animal model for studying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, this strain of rats exhibits poor fertility, so it is difficult to expand colonies. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized that alterations in the oestrous cycle of diabetic rats are related to ovarian histology. The aim of this study was to determine the histology of the ovaries of diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic rats to understand the poor fertility of this strain of diabetic rats. An experimental study was thus conducted. Eight GK rats and eight Wistar rats were utilized. The rats were age-adjusted into two groups called “young rats” and “mature rats” at two and fourteen months of age, respectively. After sacrificing the rats, the ovaries were dissected and processed by fixation and paraffin embedding to perform the histological study. The results included the number of corpora lutea and the percentage of follicular fraction in each ovary, as well as qualitative data such as the presence of follicles in different stages of development. Our findings revealed differences between GK and Wistar rats. The ovarian histological findings were related to the presence of T2DM, polycystic ovary syndrome and poor fertility in female GK rats; the link between these pathologies is insulin resistance. Future lines of investigation into metabolic treatment, which may help improve insulin resistance, could also benefit the previously described pathologies in female GK rats.
{"title":"Characterization of the histological changes in ovaries of Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats","authors":"Cristian Montero-Peña, José M. Morales-De Pando, Alfredo Díaz-Gómez, Gloria González-Medina, A. Ribelles-García, Gonzalo Pérez-Arana, J. Prada-Oliveira","doi":"10.52083/sjtl7284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/sjtl7284","url":null,"abstract":"Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats are a useful animal model for studying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, this strain of rats exhibits poor fertility, so it is difficult to expand colonies. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized that alterations in the oestrous cycle of diabetic rats are related to ovarian histology. The aim of this study was to determine the histology of the ovaries of diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic rats to understand the poor fertility of this strain of diabetic rats. An experimental study was thus conducted. Eight GK rats and eight Wistar rats were utilized. The rats were age-adjusted into two groups called “young rats” and “mature rats” at two and fourteen months of age, respectively. After sacrificing the rats, the ovaries were dissected and processed by fixation and paraffin embedding to perform the histological study. The results included the number of corpora lutea and the percentage of follicular fraction in each ovary, as well as qualitative data such as the presence of follicles in different stages of development. Our findings revealed differences between GK and Wistar rats. The ovarian histological findings were related to the presence of T2DM, polycystic ovary syndrome and poor fertility in female GK rats; the link between these pathologies is insulin resistance. Future lines of investigation into metabolic treatment, which may help improve insulin resistance, could also benefit the previously described pathologies in female GK rats.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Selcuk, N. U. Dogan, Mehmet Ozturk, A. Karabulut, Z. Fazlıoğulları
Measurements of the distal femur are highly variable among different subjects. To obtain the best stability and longevity of the knee implants, anthropometric data of the distal femur is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical structure of the distal femur according to age and gender and to determine the changes in the groups, of the patients with meniscopathy and controls. A total of 488 patients were included in the study according to age groups (0-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60, 61 and above). Intercondylar width, intercondylar anteroposterior distance, medial condylar width, lateral condylar width, bicondylar width, medial condyle anteroposterior distance, and lateral condyle anteroposterior distance were measured on axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Intercondylar width, medial condylar width, lateral condylar width and bicondylar width were significantly higher in men in all age groups compared to women (p < 0.05). Intercondylar anteroposterior distance, medial condyle anteroposterior distance and lateral condyle anteroposterior distance were statistically significantly higher in males than in females except 0-15 age group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in medial and lateral anteroposterior distance values in men (p > 0.05), and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) on the right and left side in women. Although personalized implant production is expensive compared to today’s conditions, we think that age and gender changes should be considered in the selection of prosthesis, since the dimensions of the distal femur will affect the stability and duration of use of knee implants.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of distal femur through MRI in Turkish population and review of the literature","authors":"Mehmet Selcuk, N. U. Dogan, Mehmet Ozturk, A. Karabulut, Z. Fazlıoğulları","doi":"10.52083/bwqv4453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/bwqv4453","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of the distal femur are highly variable among different subjects. To obtain the best stability and longevity of the knee implants, anthropometric data of the distal femur is required. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical structure of the distal femur according to age and gender and to determine the changes in the groups, of the patients with meniscopathy and controls. A total of 488 patients were included in the study according to age groups (0-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60, 61 and above). Intercondylar width, intercondylar anteroposterior distance, medial condylar width, lateral condylar width, bicondylar width, medial condyle anteroposterior distance, and lateral condyle anteroposterior distance were measured on axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Intercondylar width, medial condylar width, lateral condylar width and bicondylar width were significantly higher in men in all age groups compared to women (p < 0.05). Intercondylar anteroposterior distance, medial condyle anteroposterior distance and lateral condyle anteroposterior distance were statistically significantly higher in males than in females except 0-15 age group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in medial and lateral anteroposterior distance values in men (p > 0.05), and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) on the right and left side in women. Although personalized implant production is expensive compared to today’s conditions, we think that age and gender changes should be considered in the selection of prosthesis, since the dimensions of the distal femur will affect the stability and duration of use of knee implants.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"32 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work was to investigate the structural formations and angle of the internal nasal valve (INV) by using nasal endoscopy. A cross-sectional-description study was conducted on one hundred and thirty-nine students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy without the complaint of chronic nasal obstruction. They were examined the internal nasal areas by using endoscopy two times: before spraying decongestant, and after 15-30 minutes spraying of the decongestant into the nasal cavity to identify the types of the internal nasal valve according to Miman’s classification. The nasal valve angle value was determined by using Autocad software version 2007. The study was done at Can Tho University Hospital. Sharp angle type accounted for 32.01%, blunt angle type accounted for 12.23%, convex caudal border type accounted for 5.04%, concave caudal border type accounted for 5.04%, angle occupied by the septal body accounted for 34.17%, and twisted caudal border type accounted for 11.51% in our study, the average angle of 26°.8 ± 9°.28, with the smallest angle being 9° and the largest angle being 51°. When comparing the rate of internal nasal valve formation for each time in our study and that of Miman, we recognized that there is a difference among rates. Our nasal angle values were similar to those of Asians and different from those of Caucasians. By using endoscopy, we can easily determine the morphology of the internal nasal valve and measure the angle value of the internal nasal valve by using Autocad software version 2007.
{"title":"The first report of using endoscopy to evaluate the structure of the internal nasal valve and the measurement of internal nasal valve angle value in Vietnamese people","authors":"Nguyen Trieu Viet, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lien","doi":"10.52083/etel3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/etel3025","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to investigate the structural formations and angle of the internal nasal valve (INV) by using nasal endoscopy. A cross-sectional-description study was conducted on one hundred and thirty-nine students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy without the complaint of chronic nasal obstruction. They were examined the internal nasal areas by using endoscopy two times: before spraying decongestant, and after 15-30 minutes spraying of the decongestant into the nasal cavity to identify the types of the internal nasal valve according to Miman’s classification. The nasal valve angle value was determined by using Autocad software version 2007. The study was done at Can Tho University Hospital. Sharp angle type accounted for 32.01%, blunt angle type accounted for 12.23%, convex caudal border type accounted for 5.04%, concave caudal border type accounted for 5.04%, angle occupied by the septal body accounted for 34.17%, and twisted caudal border type accounted for 11.51% in our study, the average angle of 26°.8 ± 9°.28, with the smallest angle being 9° and the largest angle being 51°. When comparing the rate of internal nasal valve formation for each time in our study and that of Miman, we recognized that there is a difference among rates. Our nasal angle values were similar to those of Asians and different from those of Caucasians. By using endoscopy, we can easily determine the morphology of the internal nasal valve and measure the angle value of the internal nasal valve by using Autocad software version 2007.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burkay Akar, Zafer K. Coşkun, Yunus E. Kaban, Dilan Ece
This study aimed to examine the anatomical features and variation prevalence of human lung fissures and hilar structures. Anatomical variations can be seen in these structures and morphometrical data are not consistent. Studies in the literature were reviewed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The method of the study was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis [PRISMA] protocol. Data on the complete, incomplete, absent and accessory fissures, accessory fissure types, number of arteries, veins and bronchi were extracted and included in the analysis. The Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool was used in order to examine potential risks of bias within the included studies. Out of 302 studies initially evaluated, 68 were included in the analysis. It was determined that the prevalence of completion of horizontal fissure of the right lung (56,5%) was lower than oblique fissures, while the prevalence of incomplete and absent fissure (43,4%) were higher than oblique fissures. The prevalence of the left horizontal accessory fissure (9,9%) in the left lung and the inferior accessory fissure type (8,9%) in the right lung were found to be the highest. It has been found that the number of arteries and bronchi in the hilum of the right lung are different from the general anatomy. Although studies on lung fissure variations are more common, studies examining accessory fissures and hilar structures are rare. We think that this study will be useful for clinicians in interpreting radiological images, diagnosing lung pathologies, and applying surgical procedures.
本研究旨在探讨人类肺裂和肺门结构的解剖特征和变异发生率。这些结构在解剖学上存在变异，形态学数据也不一致。本研究使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库对文献中的研究进行了审查。研究方法按照《系统综述和元分析首选报告项目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis）[PRISMA]协议编写。研究提取了完整、不完整、缺失和附属裂隙、附属裂隙类型、动脉、静脉和支气管数量等数据，并将其纳入分析。解剖学质量评估（AQUA）工具用于检查纳入研究中潜在的偏倚风险。在初步评估的 302 项研究中，有 68 项被纳入分析。研究结果表明，右肺水平副裂的发生率（56.5%）低于斜裂，而不完全和缺失的发生率（43.4%）高于斜裂。左肺水平附属裂隙（9.9%）和右肺下附属裂隙（8.9%）的发病率最高。研究发现，右肺肺门的动脉和支气管数量与一般解剖结构不同。虽然有关肺裂变异的研究较为常见，但有关附属肺裂和肺门结构的研究却很少见。我们认为这项研究将有助于临床医生解读放射影像、诊断肺部病变和应用外科手术。
{"title":"A systematic literature study of anatomical variations in human lung fissures and hilar structures","authors":"Burkay Akar, Zafer K. Coşkun, Yunus E. Kaban, Dilan Ece","doi":"10.52083/ypwc5380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ypwc5380","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the anatomical features and variation prevalence of human lung fissures and hilar structures. Anatomical variations can be seen in these structures and morphometrical data are not consistent. Studies in the literature were reviewed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The method of the study was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis [PRISMA] protocol. Data on the complete, incomplete, absent and accessory fissures, accessory fissure types, number of arteries, veins and bronchi were extracted and included in the analysis. The Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool was used in order to examine potential risks of bias within the included studies. Out of 302 studies initially evaluated, 68 were included in the analysis. It was determined that the prevalence of completion of horizontal fissure of the right lung (56,5%) was lower than oblique fissures, while the prevalence of incomplete and absent fissure (43,4%) were higher than oblique fissures. The prevalence of the left horizontal accessory fissure (9,9%) in the left lung and the inferior accessory fissure type (8,9%) in the right lung were found to be the highest. It has been found that the number of arteries and bronchi in the hilum of the right lung are different from the general anatomy. Although studies on lung fissure variations are more common, studies examining accessory fissures and hilar structures are rare. We think that this study will be useful for clinicians in interpreting radiological images, diagnosing lung pathologies, and applying surgical procedures.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed F. AlDomairy, Ashraf Kotb, Manar A. Eldesouky, Mohamed A. Yehia, Yasmine H. Eisa, Ahmed T. Farag, Mahmoud M. Assem, Radwa M. Elsabban
The epiphyseal plates of cartilage of ulna and radius is responsible for bone elongation, the fusion of their distal ends and bodies is used for age estimation. Variation exists due to many factors including ethnicity; accordingly, it is important to create a national profile for age determination using an affordable easy method. The aim of the work was to follow up the ossification of the lower end of the radius and the ulna in the Egyptian population between 12-19 years using X-ray, validating the use of Greulich and Pyle atlas. 197 subjects (103 males and 94 females) aged between 12-19 years were included. Skeletal age was determined using a plain X-ray on the lower end of the radius and the ulna comparing it to Greulich and Pyle’s atlas, and also to chronological age. In males, the mean of chronological age, skeletal age, and the difference between them were 15.35, 15.53 and +0.18 years respectively. In females, the ages were 14.77, 14.92 and +0.15. There was high correlation in all age groups. Examination of the lower end of the radius and the ulna is a suitable method for age detection in Egyptians between the ages of 12-19 years old.
{"title":"Ossification pursue of the lower ends of radius and ulna and age determination in a sample of Egyptian population between 12 and 19 years","authors":"Ahmed F. AlDomairy, Ashraf Kotb, Manar A. Eldesouky, Mohamed A. Yehia, Yasmine H. Eisa, Ahmed T. Farag, Mahmoud M. Assem, Radwa M. Elsabban","doi":"10.52083/imgk7845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/imgk7845","url":null,"abstract":"The epiphyseal plates of cartilage of ulna and radius is responsible for bone elongation, the fusion of their distal ends and bodies is used for age estimation. Variation exists due to many factors including ethnicity; accordingly, it is important to create a national profile for age determination using an affordable easy method. The aim of the work was to follow up the ossification of the lower end of the radius and the ulna in the Egyptian population between 12-19 years using X-ray, validating the use of Greulich and Pyle atlas. 197 subjects (103 males and 94 females) aged between 12-19 years were included. Skeletal age was determined using a plain X-ray on the lower end of the radius and the ulna comparing it to Greulich and Pyle’s atlas, and also to chronological age. In males, the mean of chronological age, skeletal age, and the difference between them were 15.35, 15.53 and +0.18 years respectively. In females, the ages were 14.77, 14.92 and +0.15. There was high correlation in all age groups. Examination of the lower end of the radius and the ulna is a suitable method for age detection in Egyptians between the ages of 12-19 years old.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"28 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Amirtham, Ganesh Parasuraman, Jeya Lisha, D. V. Francis, Abel Livingston, Grace Rebekah, Elizabeth Vinod
Articular cartilage repair is challenging due to limited access to reparative cells and a lack of self-healing mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option, but their tendency to form fibrocartilage during repair necessitates the optimization of culture conditions. To overcome this limitation, optimizing in-vitro culture conditions with biological coating using extracellular matrix-derived proteins has been efficient in mimicking in-vivo cellular behavior. Fetal cartilage, with abundant collagen, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans has emerged as a potential source for cartilage repair. No studies have so far evaluated the effect of fetal cartilage-derived collagen on BM-MSCs. This study aimed to evaluate the chondro-inductive potential of decellularized collagen derived from fetal cartilage, which was used as a coating material for expansion of BM-MSCs. The extraction of fetal collagen was performed from the tibiofemoral joint of a 36+4-week gestational age fetus. The freeze-dried collagen type II was reconstituted at a concentration of 10μg/ml and used to coat the culture flasks. Passage 3 BM-MSCs were divided into two groups: a) standard expansion medium (BM-MSCs) and b) collagen-coated plasticware (collagen-coated BM-MSCs). Growth kinetics, surface markers, gene expression, and differentiation potential were assessed. The decellularized collagen coating did not influence the growth kinetics, surface marker and gene expression of BM-MSCs. However, it positively influenced GAG accumulation and collagen type II deposition. Further studies utilizing in-vivo models are warranted to evaluate the potential of collagen-coated BM-MSCs and exploit their adjuvant effect on chondrogenesis.
由于获得修复细胞的途径有限以及缺乏自我修复机制，关节软骨修复具有挑战性。骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）是一种很有前景的治疗选择，但它们在修复过程中易形成纤维软骨，因此必须优化培养条件。为克服这一限制，利用细胞外基质衍生蛋白的生物涂层优化体外培养条件，可有效模拟体内细胞行为。胎儿软骨含有丰富的胶原蛋白、蛋白聚糖和糖胺聚糖，已成为软骨修复的潜在来源。迄今为止，还没有研究评估过胎儿软骨来源的胶原蛋白对骨髓间充质干细胞的影响。本研究旨在评估胎儿软骨衍生的脱细胞胶原蛋白的软骨诱导潜力，并将其用作扩增 BM-MSCs 的涂层材料。胎儿胶原是从孕龄36+4周的胎儿的胫股关节中提取的。冷冻干燥的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白以10微克/毫升的浓度重组，用于包被培养瓶。将 3 期 BM-MSCs 分成两组：a) 标准扩增培养基（BM-MSCs）和 b) 涂有胶原蛋白的塑料容器（涂有胶原蛋白的 BM-MSCs）。对生长动力学、表面标记、基因表达和分化潜能进行了评估。脱细胞胶原涂层没有影响 BM-MSCs 的生长动力学、表面标记和基因表达。不过，它对凝胶体的积累和 II 型胶原的沉积有积极影响。有必要利用体内模型进行进一步研究，以评估胶原包被的 BM-MSCs 的潜力，并利用其对软骨形成的辅助作用。
{"title":"Decellularized fetal collagen exhibits chondroinductive potential for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing glycosaminoglycan production","authors":"S. M. Amirtham, Ganesh Parasuraman, Jeya Lisha, D. V. Francis, Abel Livingston, Grace Rebekah, Elizabeth Vinod","doi":"10.52083/kjjc3228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/kjjc3228","url":null,"abstract":"Articular cartilage repair is challenging due to limited access to reparative cells and a lack of self-healing mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option, but their tendency to form fibrocartilage during repair necessitates the optimization of culture conditions. To overcome this limitation, optimizing in-vitro culture conditions with biological coating using extracellular matrix-derived proteins has been efficient in mimicking in-vivo cellular behavior. Fetal cartilage, with abundant collagen, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans has emerged as a potential source for cartilage repair. No studies have so far evaluated the effect of fetal cartilage-derived collagen on BM-MSCs. This study aimed to evaluate the chondro-inductive potential of decellularized collagen derived from fetal cartilage, which was used as a coating material for expansion of BM-MSCs. The extraction of fetal collagen was performed from the tibiofemoral joint of a 36+4-week gestational age fetus. The freeze-dried collagen type II was reconstituted at a concentration of 10μg/ml and used to coat the culture flasks. Passage 3 BM-MSCs were divided into two groups: a) standard expansion medium (BM-MSCs) and b) collagen-coated plasticware (collagen-coated BM-MSCs). Growth kinetics, surface markers, gene expression, and differentiation potential were assessed. The decellularized collagen coating did not influence the growth kinetics, surface marker and gene expression of BM-MSCs. However, it positively influenced GAG accumulation and collagen type II deposition. Further studies utilizing in-vivo models are warranted to evaluate the potential of collagen-coated BM-MSCs and exploit their adjuvant effect on chondrogenesis.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"36 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waheeb S. Aggad, Gamal S Abd El-Aziz, Mervat M. Halawani, Emad Hindi, Rasha AlShali, R. Hamdy, Hamid Saleh
The knee menisci are fibrocartilaginous discs present in between the femur and the tibia. They play a pivotal role in withstanding the weight-bearing forces and help to maintain the stability of the knee joint. Descriptive knowledge of the menisci is essential to understand the mechanism and design of the appropriate management of their pathological lesions. Several investigations have identified the anatomical and morphological differences between the medial (MMi) and lateral menisci (LMi) in humans. What remains unclear, however, is the comparative analysis of histological and histometric parameters of these menisci, especially between males and females. To evaluate and compare the different histological, histometric and biochemical parameters of different structural components (collagen, proteoglycans, cellularity, and vascularity) of MMi and LMi in male and female human cadavers, twenty-four knee joints, 12 males and 12 females, were dissected, and the menisci were excised and labeled. The middle region of each meniscus was cross-sectioned and subjected to different histological, histometric and biochemical studies. Histological examination of MMi and LMi in both males and females yielded several observations regarding different meniscal components; the orientation of collagen fibers was circumferential with intermingled radial fibers. Both fibroblasts and fibrochondrocytes were arranged singly or in rows alongside the direction of the collagen fibers. Also, the blood vessels were present toward the periphery, whereas the proteoglycans-rich areas were more evident in the inner region of each meniscus. Nevertheless, collagen fibers organization, safranin-O staining intensity, and cellular arrangement were all different between males and females. The analysis of these changes was further compared histometrically between MMI and LMi in males and females. The gained comparative histological, histometric and biochemical findings of this work are critical for providing detailed information on the microstructure and composition of both MMi and LMi in males and females. The present results also highlight the detrimental effects of histological structure on different meniscal injuries.
{"title":"Dimorphic comparative histological and histometric study of the lateral and medial knee menisci in male and female human cadavers","authors":"Waheeb S. Aggad, Gamal S Abd El-Aziz, Mervat M. Halawani, Emad Hindi, Rasha AlShali, R. Hamdy, Hamid Saleh","doi":"10.52083/zcpm8648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/zcpm8648","url":null,"abstract":"The knee menisci are fibrocartilaginous discs present in between the femur and the tibia. They play a pivotal role in withstanding the weight-bearing forces and help to maintain the stability of the knee joint. Descriptive knowledge of the menisci is essential to understand the mechanism and design of the appropriate management of their pathological lesions. Several investigations have identified the anatomical and morphological differences between the medial (MMi) and lateral menisci (LMi) in humans. What remains unclear, however, is the comparative analysis of histological and histometric parameters of these menisci, especially between males and females. To evaluate and compare the different histological, histometric and biochemical parameters of different structural components (collagen, proteoglycans, cellularity, and vascularity) of MMi and LMi in male and female human cadavers, twenty-four knee joints, 12 males and 12 females, were dissected, and the menisci were excised and labeled. The middle region of each meniscus was cross-sectioned and subjected to different histological, histometric and biochemical studies. Histological examination of MMi and LMi in both males and females yielded several observations regarding different meniscal components; the orientation of collagen fibers was circumferential with intermingled radial fibers. Both fibroblasts and fibrochondrocytes were arranged singly or in rows alongside the direction of the collagen fibers. Also, the blood vessels were present toward the periphery, whereas the proteoglycans-rich areas were more evident in the inner region of each meniscus. Nevertheless, collagen fibers organization, safranin-O staining intensity, and cellular arrangement were all different between males and females. The analysis of these changes was further compared histometrically between MMI and LMi in males and females. The gained comparative histological, histometric and biochemical findings of this work are critical for providing detailed information on the microstructure and composition of both MMi and LMi in males and females. The present results also highlight the detrimental effects of histological structure on different meniscal injuries.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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