Sally MMH Omar, Marwa MA Ahmed, Ola AE SM Khalil, Marwa M Mady
Cisplatin is one of the most potent cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer, but clinical use is linked to testicular and liver damage. According to a number of studies, antioxidant supplementation may have an impact on the toxicity caused by cisplatin. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how vitamin-E supplementation protected rats from cisplatin-induced damage. Thirty laboratory adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I received saline orally, once daily for 21 days. Group II received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and were sacrificed on day 21. Group III received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and received orally vitamin E daily, starting 5 days before the first dose of cisplatin until day 21. Liver and both testes were obtained and fixed. Sections from the liver and both testes were stained by H&E and Trichrome stain, and then examined under light microscope. Alterations included a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the cisplatin group compared with the other groups (p value for comparing between control and each other group, statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05). Histopathologically, cisplatin induced signs of hepatic injury; it also showed signs of testicular degeneration in all rats. However, the cisplatin induced disturbances significantly improved by treatment with Vitamin E. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference among the three groups in all signs of injury (p<0.001). According to this research, cisplatin has a toxic impact on the liver and testicles, and when it is administered along with vitamin E, a noticeable improvement is seen.
{"title":"The possible ameliorative effects of vitamin E against cisplatin-induced injury on adult rat liver and testes","authors":"Sally MMH Omar, Marwa MA Ahmed, Ola AE SM Khalil, Marwa M Mady","doi":"10.52083/puih6269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/puih6269","url":null,"abstract":"Cisplatin is one of the most potent cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer, but clinical use is linked to testicular and liver damage. According to a number of studies, antioxidant supplementation may have an impact on the toxicity caused by cisplatin. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how vitamin-E supplementation protected rats from cisplatin-induced damage. Thirty laboratory adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I received saline orally, once daily for 21 days. Group II received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and were sacrificed on day 21. Group III received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and received orally vitamin E daily, starting 5 days before the first dose of cisplatin until day 21. Liver and both testes were obtained and fixed. Sections from the liver and both testes were stained by H&E and Trichrome stain, and then examined under light microscope. Alterations included a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the cisplatin group compared with the other groups (p value for comparing between control and each other group, statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05). Histopathologically, cisplatin induced signs of hepatic injury; it also showed signs of testicular degeneration in all rats. However, the cisplatin induced disturbances significantly improved by treatment with Vitamin E. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference among the three groups in all signs of injury (p<0.001). According to this research, cisplatin has a toxic impact on the liver and testicles, and when it is administered along with vitamin E, a noticeable improvement is seen.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77920185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeshina O Adekeye, Adedamola A Fafure, Darell E Asira, Ayoola E Ogunsemowo
Vanadium is a trace element that can induce oxidative damage in the brain due to excess accumulation, which leads to programmed neuronal cell death. Naringin as a natural flavonoid has been reported to have a broad range of pharmaceutical bioactivities. We aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of naringin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by vanadium exposure. Forty adults male Wistar rats were indiscriminately distributed into four (4) groups (n = 10). The groups received the followinh treatments: 5 ml/kg double distilled water (control), Naringin (Intraperitoneally, 30mg/kg BW), Vanadium & Naringin (Vanadium at 10mg/kg & Naringin at 30mg/kg respectively), Vanadium (Intraperitoneally, 10mg/ kg BW). The result of vanadium administration showed an increase in oxidative stress, as seen in the reduction of glutathione peroxidase and catalase level of the brain (hippocampus), a decrease in numbers of viable cells and significant increase in inflamed cells. A decrease in memory function following vanadium administration was also observed. Therapeutic administration with naringin following vanadium exposure showed an elevation of glutathione peroxidase levels and catalase level of the hippocampus, a significant decrease in the number of inflamed cell and an improvement in memory function. This study is a proof that naringin can serve as a neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress and inflammation following vanadium toxicity in the brain.
{"title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role of naringin against vanadium-induced neurotoxicity in adult Wistar rats","authors":"Adeshina O Adekeye, Adedamola A Fafure, Darell E Asira, Ayoola E Ogunsemowo","doi":"10.52083/eunf6102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/eunf6102","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium is a trace element that can induce oxidative damage in the brain due to excess accumulation, which leads to programmed neuronal cell death. Naringin as a natural flavonoid has been reported to have a broad range of pharmaceutical bioactivities. We aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of naringin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by vanadium exposure. Forty adults male Wistar rats were indiscriminately distributed into four (4) groups (n = 10). The groups received the followinh treatments: 5 ml/kg double distilled water (control), Naringin (Intraperitoneally, 30mg/kg BW), Vanadium & Naringin (Vanadium at 10mg/kg & Naringin at 30mg/kg respectively), Vanadium (Intraperitoneally, 10mg/ kg BW). The result of vanadium administration showed an increase in oxidative stress, as seen in the reduction of glutathione peroxidase and catalase level of the brain (hippocampus), a decrease in numbers of viable cells and significant increase in inflamed cells. A decrease in memory function following vanadium administration was also observed. Therapeutic administration with naringin following vanadium exposure showed an elevation of glutathione peroxidase levels and catalase level of the hippocampus, a significant decrease in the number of inflamed cell and an improvement in memory function. This study is a proof that naringin can serve as a neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress and inflammation following vanadium toxicity in the brain.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83226214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, K. Patil, V. Mahima, C. Sanjay
The Nasopalatine Canal (NPC) was investigated using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to better comprehend its significance and semantic attributes in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies and reconstructive surgeries involving the premaxilla, as it is more susceptible to progressive resorption and alterations in the morphometrics of the NPC, which increases its clinical significance. Axial, coronal, and sagittal CBCT sections were analysed in a sample of 60 individuals between the ages of 18 and 70. The chi-square test was used to examine differences between categorical variables, while the independent t test and the ANOVA test were used to examine differences between continuous variables. A statistically significant adjudication vis-à-vis the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the Stensen foramen in the axial section, the transverse dimension of the NPC at Level C, and the labial bone length and labial bone width at Level 2 in the sagittal section bequeathed scientific acreage to this study. The Labial bone length and Labial bone width at Level 2, which were not contemplated in other researches, constitute this study as yardstick for imminent inquiries of NPC in these demeanours. This interpretation made an assay of various parameters of NPC, elaborated on the relevance of NPC in the anterior maxilla, and emphasised chartering a protocol to facilitate excellent surgical planning techniques in the placement of dental implants and surgical implants in the premaxillary region, admonishing maxillofacial trauma impacting the aesthetics, and ministration of the various pathologies.
{"title":"The radioanatomization of the Nasopalatine canal on Cone Beam Computed Tomography – an eloquent study","authors":"Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, K. Patil, V. Mahima, C. Sanjay","doi":"10.52083/hjnd9247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/hjnd9247","url":null,"abstract":"The Nasopalatine Canal (NPC) was investigated using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to better comprehend its significance and semantic attributes in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies and reconstructive surgeries involving the premaxilla, as it is more susceptible to progressive resorption and alterations in the morphometrics of the NPC, which increases its clinical significance. Axial, coronal, and sagittal CBCT sections were analysed in a sample of 60 individuals between the ages of 18 and 70. The chi-square test was used to examine differences between categorical variables, while the independent t test and the ANOVA test were used to examine differences between continuous variables. A statistically significant adjudication vis-à-vis the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the Stensen foramen in the axial section, the transverse dimension of the NPC at Level C, and the labial bone length and labial bone width at Level 2 in the sagittal section bequeathed scientific acreage to this study. The Labial bone length and Labial bone width at Level 2, which were not contemplated in other researches, constitute this study as yardstick for imminent inquiries of NPC in these demeanours. This interpretation made an assay of various parameters of NPC, elaborated on the relevance of NPC in the anterior maxilla, and emphasised chartering a protocol to facilitate excellent surgical planning techniques in the placement of dental implants and surgical implants in the premaxillary region, admonishing maxillofacial trauma impacting the aesthetics, and ministration of the various pathologies.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73419066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Eswari Solayappan, Namrata Suresh
Identifying calcification of arteries in the head and neck region may aid in the diagnosis of advanced systemic conditions. In contrast, failure to recognize them can result in incorrect diagnoses and ineffective treatments. Radiographic analyses can be used to detect such calcifications. This report focuses on calcifications discovered in the facial, lingual, and infraorbital arteries following a routine dental care panoramic radiograph. This report is particularly notable because it is the second in the literature to highlight the calcification of all three arteries.
{"title":"Facial, lingual, and infraorbital artery calcification: A rare incidental radiographic finding","authors":"K. Patil, C. Sanjay, Eswari Solayappan, Namrata Suresh","doi":"10.52083/iyau7211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/iyau7211","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying calcification of arteries in the head and neck region may aid in the diagnosis of advanced systemic conditions. In contrast, failure to recognize them can result in incorrect diagnoses and ineffective treatments. Radiographic analyses can be used to detect such calcifications. This report focuses on calcifications discovered in the facial, lingual, and infraorbital arteries following a routine dental care panoramic radiograph. This report is particularly notable because it is the second in the literature to highlight the calcification of all three arteries.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72895448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The differences between the hands of men and women are mainly observed in the difference in the ratio of the lengths of the index and ring fingers (ratio 2d:4d) or in the difference in the proportional ratios of longitudinal and transverse dimensions, identified using classical morphometry methods, which give only indirect ideas about variations in the shape of the hand. The object of this study was digital images of radiographs of the right hands of 50 men and 50 women, on which 20 landmarks were located, the configuration and two-dimensional coordinates of which were studied using geometric morphometry methods. The predominance of the general variability of the hand’s shape was associated with a combined multidirectional transformation in the space of the elements of the II-V rays of the hand relative to the longitudinal axis with simultaneous compression or stretching of the shape relative to the transverse axis. At the same time, men have a stretching of the shape of the hand from the IV-V rays and compression from the II-III rays, while women have reverse changes. The relationship between the shape and size of the hand, regardless of gender, is minimal – 5.82% and 3.93% of hand allometry were detected in men and women, respectively. This study shows that the shape of the hand is markedly different in men and women, which indicates a significant sexual dimorphism affecting this trait. Based on the detected sexual differences, it is possible to distinguish the male and female morphological type of the hands.
{"title":"Patterns of variability of the shape of the human hand","authors":"Alexander Ermolenko","doi":"10.52083/ejrv7551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ejrv7551","url":null,"abstract":"The differences between the hands of men and women are mainly observed in the difference in the ratio of the lengths of the index and ring fingers (ratio 2d:4d) or in the difference in the proportional ratios of longitudinal and transverse dimensions, identified using classical morphometry methods, which give only indirect ideas about variations in the shape of the hand. The object of this study was digital images of radiographs of the right hands of 50 men and 50 women, on which 20 landmarks were located, the configuration and two-dimensional coordinates of which were studied using geometric morphometry methods. The predominance of the general variability of the hand’s shape was associated with a combined multidirectional transformation in the space of the elements of the II-V rays of the hand relative to the longitudinal axis with simultaneous compression or stretching of the shape relative to the transverse axis. At the same time, men have a stretching of the shape of the hand from the IV-V rays and compression from the II-III rays, while women have reverse changes. The relationship between the shape and size of the hand, regardless of gender, is minimal – 5.82% and 3.93% of hand allometry were detected in men and women, respectively. This study shows that the shape of the hand is markedly different in men and women, which indicates a significant sexual dimorphism affecting this trait. Based on the detected sexual differences, it is possible to distinguish the male and female morphological type of the hands.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. D'Angelo Del Campo, Sara Pastor, Laura Medialdea, Mónica Caballero Grijalba, Pamela García Laborde, M. Salemme, M. Campo Martín, A. González Martín, Verónica Verónica, Ricardo Anibal Guichón
Segmentation anomalies of the spine transformations are relatively common in humans, mainly in adjacent regions. Its aetiology is multifactorial, a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic interaction. A sample of 50 adult individuals of both sexes from two different sites and chronologies of the current Argentine territory was examined. This work proposes a new approach to analyse segmentation anomalies, considering the taphonomic characteristics of the spine, together with the most common occasional contour shifts of such anomalies. Likewise, a bibliographic review was conducted to compile the knowledge achieved to date on this topic. The results showed different patterns of expression of segmentation anomalies among the analysed samples, with the lumbosacral transformations being the most prevalent. The similarities and disparities observed between Southern Patagonian samples and Inuit populations suggest that cold, as an environmental factor, could play an important role in the phenotypic plasticity of human populations. Similarly, hypoxia could influence the sample from Pukará de Tilcara. Due to the scarce existing methodological standardization for addressing segmentation anomalies, a systematization of the methods used to analyse segmentation anomalies is recommended; our approach is a proposal for this purpose.
脊柱变形的分割异常在人类中比较常见，主要发生在邻近区域。其病因是多因素的，是遗传、环境和表观遗传相互作用的综合。研究人员从目前阿根廷领土的两个不同地点和年代选取了50个男女成年个体的样本。这项工作提出了一种新的方法来分析分割异常，考虑到脊柱的地语学特征，以及这种异常最常见的偶尔轮廓移位。同样，进行了书目审查，以汇编迄今为止在这一主题上取得的知识。结果显示，在分析的样本中，分割异常的表达模式不同，其中腰骶部转换最为普遍。南巴塔哥尼亚样本与因纽特人群之间的相似性和差异表明，寒冷作为一种环境因素，可能在人类种群的表型可塑性中发挥重要作用。同样，缺氧也会影响pukar de Tilcara的样品。由于处理分割异常的现有方法缺乏标准化，建议对用于分析分割异常的方法进行系统化;我们的做法就是为此目的提出建议。
{"title":"Possible environment influence in spine segmentation anomalies","authors":"M. D. D'Angelo Del Campo, Sara Pastor, Laura Medialdea, Mónica Caballero Grijalba, Pamela García Laborde, M. Salemme, M. Campo Martín, A. González Martín, Verónica Verónica, Ricardo Anibal Guichón","doi":"10.52083/rrxi5320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/rrxi5320","url":null,"abstract":"Segmentation anomalies of the spine transformations are relatively common in humans, mainly in adjacent regions. Its aetiology is multifactorial, a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic interaction. A sample of 50 adult individuals of both sexes from two different sites and chronologies of the current Argentine territory was examined. This work proposes a new approach to analyse segmentation anomalies, considering the taphonomic characteristics of the spine, together with the most common occasional contour shifts of such anomalies. Likewise, a bibliographic review was conducted to compile the knowledge achieved to date on this topic. The results showed different patterns of expression of segmentation anomalies among the analysed samples, with the lumbosacral transformations being the most prevalent. The similarities and disparities observed between Southern Patagonian samples and Inuit populations suggest that cold, as an environmental factor, could play an important role in the phenotypic plasticity of human populations. Similarly, hypoxia could influence the sample from Pukará de Tilcara. Due to the scarce existing methodological standardization for addressing segmentation anomalies, a systematization of the methods used to analyse segmentation anomalies is recommended; our approach is a proposal for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78256582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Patil, Sanjay Cj, Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, Vidya Gowdappa Doddawad, G. Ms, Shilpa Padar Shastry
Zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) of the temporal bone, has been characterized as the auxiliary air cells in the zygomatic process and articular eminence of the temporal bone. They present as unresectable findings in the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and articular tubercle. They are crucial, as they signify regions of weak resistance and the spread of disease. Comprehension of the decrepit regions in the zygomatic bones with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and the imaging of choice in maxillofacial disorders for its superior 3D anatomical reconstruction and minimal distortion, are indispensable in the diagnosis, treatment planning and placement of endosseous or basal dental implants to elude complications. 154 CBCT images of subjects aged between18 and 70 years with optimal diagnostic quality and area coverage satisfying the selection criteria without the history of maxillofacial fractures, pathologies, anomalies involving the middle one third of the face were analysed. The overall prevalence of ZACD was in 16 (10.4%) subjects, with 9 in females (56.25%) and in 7 males (43.75%). The men-to-women ratio was 1:1.28. It was also revealed that bilateral incidence of ZACD was more common and the prevalence of ZACD the highest 8 (50%) in the age group of 21- 30 years. This study highlights the importance of research on the prevalence of the ZACD on CBCT, which was exiguous in the past, and compares with similar studies done using panoramic radiographs. This study paves the way for more studies employing CBCT to justify the findings we have expressed.
{"title":"An irrefutable unambiguous insight into zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD)","authors":"K. Patil, Sanjay Cj, Lakshminarayana Kaiyoor Surya, Vidya Gowdappa Doddawad, G. Ms, Shilpa Padar Shastry","doi":"10.52083/qusg8782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/qusg8782","url":null,"abstract":"Zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) of the temporal bone, has been characterized as the auxiliary air cells in the zygomatic process and articular eminence of the temporal bone. They present as unresectable findings in the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and articular tubercle. They are crucial, as they signify regions of weak resistance and the spread of disease. Comprehension of the decrepit regions in the zygomatic bones with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), and the imaging of choice in maxillofacial disorders for its superior 3D anatomical reconstruction and minimal distortion, are indispensable in the diagnosis, treatment planning and placement of endosseous or basal dental implants to elude complications. 154 CBCT images of subjects aged between18 and 70 years with optimal diagnostic quality and area coverage satisfying the selection criteria without the history of maxillofacial fractures, pathologies, anomalies involving the middle one third of the face were analysed. The overall prevalence of ZACD was in 16 (10.4%) subjects, with 9 in females (56.25%) and in 7 males (43.75%). The men-to-women ratio was 1:1.28. It was also revealed that bilateral incidence of ZACD was more common and the prevalence of ZACD the highest 8 (50%) in the age group of 21- 30 years. This study highlights the importance of research on the prevalence of the ZACD on CBCT, which was exiguous in the past, and compares with similar studies done using panoramic radiographs. This study paves the way for more studies employing CBCT to justify the findings we have expressed.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89456662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fábio V da Silva, B. C. Ferreira-Pileggi, A. C. Rossi, F. Prado, A. Freire
The posterior wall of the orbit is composed by the sphenoid bone and exhibits the optic canal (OC) and the superior orbital fissure (SOF). The comprehensive knowledge of anatomical and morphometric observations of OC and SOF is vital for an accurate diagnosis and management of local pathology. The aim of this study was to conduct a morphometric analysis of the OC and the SOF in CT scans in a Brazilian population. A total of 40 computed tomography (CT) scans of dry human skulls were used (20 males and 20 females). The images were submitted to a segmentation in which the bony structures of interest in the orbit were selected. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the region and the measurements of the perimeter (mm) of the SOF and the volume (mm3) of the OC were performed. The statistical analysis was performed to verify if there was a difference in sex on each side for each anatomical structure. Regarding the OC, for the left side, there was a statistical difference between the sexes. For the SOF, neither the right side nor the left side showed statistical difference between the sexes. The present study showed new data about anatomical structures of the human orbit, bringing relevant knowledge for surgical and diagnostic procedures in the region. Especially for those anatomical structures evaluated that allow the passage of blood vessels and nerves, specific knowledge of their dimensions in different populations is valuable to avoid injuries during procedures in the orbital region.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure in a Brazilian sample – study in CT scans","authors":"Fábio V da Silva, B. C. Ferreira-Pileggi, A. C. Rossi, F. Prado, A. Freire","doi":"10.52083/drqp1689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/drqp1689","url":null,"abstract":"The posterior wall of the orbit is composed by the sphenoid bone and exhibits the optic canal (OC) and the superior orbital fissure (SOF). The comprehensive knowledge of anatomical and morphometric observations of OC and SOF is vital for an accurate diagnosis and management of local pathology. The aim of this study was to conduct a morphometric analysis of the OC and the SOF in CT scans in a Brazilian population. A total of 40 computed tomography (CT) scans of dry human skulls were used (20 males and 20 females). The images were submitted to a segmentation in which the bony structures of interest in the orbit were selected. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the region and the measurements of the perimeter (mm) of the SOF and the volume (mm3) of the OC were performed. The statistical analysis was performed to verify if there was a difference in sex on each side for each anatomical structure. Regarding the OC, for the left side, there was a statistical difference between the sexes. For the SOF, neither the right side nor the left side showed statistical difference between the sexes. The present study showed new data about anatomical structures of the human orbit, bringing relevant knowledge for surgical and diagnostic procedures in the region. Especially for those anatomical structures evaluated that allow the passage of blood vessels and nerves, specific knowledge of their dimensions in different populations is valuable to avoid injuries during procedures in the orbital region.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"78 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin C. Lin, Alexander In, V. Baribeau, J. Wisco
This study investigates the anatomy of a cadaveric hand presenting with a rare malformation that we identified as a form of brachydactyly. We performed a layer-by-layer dissection of the affected cadaveric hand and documented both the normal and variant anatomical compositions that were present. The osteology revealed complete aplasia of the proximal and middle phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits along with truncated distal phalanges of the fourth and fifth digits. The radius, ulna, carpal bones, and the first digit were unremarkable. Neurovasculature followed standard anatomical courses. Normal development of surrounding musculature was observed. Congenital hand malformations are infrequently observed in the anatomy lab and provide a unique learning opportunity for students and faculty alike. While hand deformities are frequently imaged through noninvasive techniques such as X-rays and CT imaging, they are infrequently dissected. Through dissection, clinicians and anatomists may be able to adopt a more tangible appreciation for the underlying anatomy of this condition.
{"title":"Congenital hand malformations in an anatomical donor: a potential case of brachydactyly type B","authors":"Dustin C. Lin, Alexander In, V. Baribeau, J. Wisco","doi":"10.52083/akec4012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/akec4012","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the anatomy of a cadaveric hand presenting with a rare malformation that we identified as a form of brachydactyly. We performed a layer-by-layer dissection of the affected cadaveric hand and documented both the normal and variant anatomical compositions that were present. The osteology revealed complete aplasia of the proximal and middle phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits along with truncated distal phalanges of the fourth and fifth digits. The radius, ulna, carpal bones, and the first digit were unremarkable. Neurovasculature followed standard anatomical courses. Normal development of surrounding musculature was observed. Congenital hand malformations are infrequently observed in the anatomy lab and provide a unique learning opportunity for students and faculty alike. While hand deformities are frequently imaged through noninvasive techniques such as X-rays and CT imaging, they are infrequently dissected. Through dissection, clinicians and anatomists may be able to adopt a more tangible appreciation for the underlying anatomy of this condition.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foot arches in humans are the complex musculo-skeletal-ligamentous structure that helps in shock absorption because of the elasticity and provides stability while transmitting the muscle force for walking. Primarily we observed the prevalence of flatfoot among adolescents going to college. Thereafter we determined the correlation of flatfoot with the body mass index and gender of the adolescents being studied. Footprint analysis of undergraduate students was obtained based on Harris – the Beath mat principle. Clarke’s angle, Chippaux-Smirak index, and Staheli arch index were observed in the footprints. Subsequently, the correlation between the flatfoot, body mass index, and gender of the participants was assessed. The prevalence of flatfoot in college-going adolescents was 18.28% by footprint analysis, presenting a female predilection (20% of the footprint analysis) for the condition. The most valid and reliable plantar arch index for diagnosing flatfoot was the Staheli arch index, followed by the Chippaux-Smirak index having a moderate to strong correlation (R = 0.7, 0.95; p < 0.05). Only 1.1% of females and up to 2.2% of males were observed to have flatfoot and were obese. Eighteen out of a hundred (approximately one–fifth) adolescents in the studied group had flatfoot. The gender predilection for females was observed. Contradictory to the findings of the previous study, obesity was not observed as a foot arch-altering factor in adolescents.
人类足弓是一种复杂的肌肉-骨骼-韧带结构，由于其弹性，有助于减震，并在传递行走肌肉力量时提供稳定性。本研究主要观察了大学生中扁平足的患病率。随后，我们确定了被研究青少年的身体质量指数和性别与扁平足的相关性。基于Harris - the heath mat原理对大学生足迹进行分析。在脚印中观察了Clarke角、Chippaux-Smirak指数和Staheli弓指数。随后，评估了参与者的扁平足、体重指数和性别之间的相关性。足印分析显示，大学生扁平足患病率为18.28%，呈现出女性偏好(足印分析占比20%)。诊断平底足最有效、最可靠的足底弓指数是Staheli足弓指数，其次是Chippaux-Smirak指数，相关性中至强(R = 0.7, 0.95;P < 0.05)。只有1.1%的女性和高达2.2%的男性被观察到有扁平足和肥胖。在研究小组中，一百名青少年中有十八名(大约五分之一)患有扁平足。观察到女性的性别偏好。与之前的研究结果相反，肥胖并没有被观察到是青少年足弓改变的因素。
{"title":"Flatfoot in the neglected age group of adolescents","authors":"A. Priya, Ravi Kant Narayan, Sanjib Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.52083/ueam4094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/ueam4094","url":null,"abstract":"The foot arches in humans are the complex musculo-skeletal-ligamentous structure that helps in shock absorption because of the elasticity and provides stability while transmitting the muscle force for walking. Primarily we observed the prevalence of flatfoot among adolescents going to college. Thereafter we determined the correlation of flatfoot with the body mass index and gender of the adolescents being studied. Footprint analysis of undergraduate students was obtained based on Harris – the Beath mat principle. Clarke’s angle, Chippaux-Smirak index, and Staheli arch index were observed in the footprints. Subsequently, the correlation between the flatfoot, body mass index, and gender of the participants was assessed. The prevalence of flatfoot in college-going adolescents was 18.28% by footprint analysis, presenting a female predilection (20% of the footprint analysis) for the condition. The most valid and reliable plantar arch index for diagnosing flatfoot was the Staheli arch index, followed by the Chippaux-Smirak index having a moderate to strong correlation (R = 0.7, 0.95; p < 0.05). Only 1.1% of females and up to 2.2% of males were observed to have flatfoot and were obese. Eighteen out of a hundred (approximately one–fifth) adolescents in the studied group had flatfoot. The gender predilection for females was observed. Contradictory to the findings of the previous study, obesity was not observed as a foot arch-altering factor in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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