This study aims to confirm how the external nasal nerve exits from the internal surface of the nasal bone to the dorsum of the nose and to determine the exact point of nerve emergence by macroscopic examination. Twenty external nasal nerves of both sexes from the elderly and adult age groups were dissected. The exit point of the external nasal nerve, the width of the nasocartilaginous joint, and the inferior border of the nasal bone from the midline to the nasomaxillary suture were measured. The nerve was classified according to its branching pattern. In this study, in the elderly group, the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose through the pyriform ligament and exits laterally to the nasocartilaginous joint. But in the adult age group the external nasal nerve exits between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage. We observed mainly three types of nerve but did not find any subtypes or variations in the branching pattern. Among this main classification of nerves, more cases (70%) of type I were observed. However, based on our study, we concluded that the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose either between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage, or it passes through the pyriform ligament and exits lateral to the nasocartilaginous joint. In rhinoplasty, knowledge about the course, exit point, branching pattern, and variations of the external nasal nerve is unavoidable.
本研究旨在确认外鼻神经是如何从鼻骨内表面到达鼻背的，并通过宏观检查确定神经出现的确切位置。研究人员解剖了 20 例老年人和成年人的男女外鼻神经。测量了外鼻神经的出神经点、鼻骨关节的宽度以及从中线到鼻颌缝的鼻骨下缘。根据神经的分支模式对其进行分类。在这项研究中，老年组的外鼻神经通过梨状韧带进入鼻背，并从侧面流出至鼻软骨关节。但在成年组中，外鼻神经从鼻骨和上鼻软骨之间流出。我们主要观察到三种类型的神经，但没有发现任何亚型或分支模式的变化。在这些主要的神经分类中，观察到的 I 型较多（70%）。然而，根据我们的研究，我们得出结论，外鼻神经进入鼻背的途径要么是在鼻骨和上鼻软骨之间，要么是穿过梨状韧带，从鼻软骨关节外侧流出。在鼻整形手术中，了解外鼻神经的走向、出口、分支模式和变化是不可避免的。
{"title":"Exit point of the external nasal nerve- cadaveric study","authors":"B. Elsy, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Lina E.S. Osman","doi":"10.52083/jaxa5021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/jaxa5021","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to confirm how the external nasal nerve exits from the internal surface of the nasal bone to the dorsum of the nose and to determine the exact point of nerve emergence by macroscopic examination. Twenty external nasal nerves of both sexes from the elderly and adult age groups were dissected. The exit point of the external nasal nerve, the width of the nasocartilaginous joint, and the inferior border of the nasal bone from the midline to the nasomaxillary suture were measured. The nerve was classified according to its branching pattern. In this study, in the elderly group, the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose through the pyriform ligament and exits laterally to the nasocartilaginous joint. But in the adult age group the external nasal nerve exits between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage. We observed mainly three types of nerve but did not find any subtypes or variations in the branching pattern. Among this main classification of nerves, more cases (70%) of type I were observed. However, based on our study, we concluded that the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose either between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage, or it passes through the pyriform ligament and exits lateral to the nasocartilaginous joint. In rhinoplasty, knowledge about the course, exit point, branching pattern, and variations of the external nasal nerve is unavoidable.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad A.T. Zavareh, M. H. K. Godaneh, Parnian Eslahi, Ali Younesi, Mohammad Mahdi Gheibi, Sanaz Ziaeipour, Shabboo Ansari, Ali Mohammad Hosein, M. S. Alvani, Fatemeh K. Godaneh, A. Aliaghaei, S. Abdi, Vahid Ebrahimi, M. Abdollahifar, A. Raoofi
Aging can have adverse effects on the chance of fertility in men. In fact, men over 40 years old usually suffer from low sperm quality, sperm motility, and low level of serum testosterone that leads to infertility. In addition, the structure of DNA is more vulnerable in aged testes due to the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide. However, it has been showed that insulin is able to decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis. Moreover, some studies showed that insulin can enhance both spermatogenesis and fertility. In this regard, we investigate the impacts of insulin on spermatogenesis, the number of sperm, and the level of gonadal hormones in aged testes of mice. Thirty-six adult male NMRI mice were used. They were kept under standard conditions. The animals were divided into two groups control and insulin. The insulin group received 100 µL insulin with a 72-hour interval by intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 33 weeks and the control group received water. At the 8, 12, and 33 weeks of treatment, the testes of mice were removed for histological, cellular (ROS and glutathione [GSH]) and molecular (Bcal2, caspase-3, and Bax) analysis. For measurement of the level of hormones (testosterone, LH, and FSH), the blood samples were collected from the heart. According to our findings, insulin could significantly increase the volume of the testes and the total number of spermatogonial stem cells, primary spermatocytes, round spermatids as well as leydig cells. In addition, activity of GPX was considerably high in the insulin group. Furthermore, in the insulin group, the level of ROS was reduced. In conclusion, insulin may be effective in enhancing the function of the testes in aged male mice.
{"title":"Insulin improves spermatogenesis in a mouse model of aging","authors":"Mohammad A.T. Zavareh, M. H. K. Godaneh, Parnian Eslahi, Ali Younesi, Mohammad Mahdi Gheibi, Sanaz Ziaeipour, Shabboo Ansari, Ali Mohammad Hosein, M. S. Alvani, Fatemeh K. Godaneh, A. Aliaghaei, S. Abdi, Vahid Ebrahimi, M. Abdollahifar, A. Raoofi","doi":"10.52083/wrte3240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/wrte3240","url":null,"abstract":"Aging can have adverse effects on the chance of fertility in men. In fact, men over 40 years old usually suffer from low sperm quality, sperm motility, and low level of serum testosterone that leads to infertility. In addition, the structure of DNA is more vulnerable in aged testes due to the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide. However, it has been showed that insulin is able to decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis. Moreover, some studies showed that insulin can enhance both spermatogenesis and fertility. In this regard, we investigate the impacts of insulin on spermatogenesis, the number of sperm, and the level of gonadal hormones in aged testes of mice. Thirty-six adult male NMRI mice were used. They were kept under standard conditions. The animals were divided into two groups control and insulin. The insulin group received 100 µL insulin with a 72-hour interval by intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 33 weeks and the control group received water. At the 8, 12, and 33 weeks of treatment, the testes of mice were removed for histological, cellular (ROS and glutathione [GSH]) and molecular (Bcal2, caspase-3, and Bax) analysis. For measurement of the level of hormones (testosterone, LH, and FSH), the blood samples were collected from the heart. According to our findings, insulin could significantly increase the volume of the testes and the total number of spermatogonial stem cells, primary spermatocytes, round spermatids as well as leydig cells. In addition, activity of GPX was considerably high in the insulin group. Furthermore, in the insulin group, the level of ROS was reduced. In conclusion, insulin may be effective in enhancing the function of the testes in aged male mice.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sani Baimai, S. Sricharoenvej, P. Lanlua, Narawadee Choompoo
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause gastric ulcers (GU), duodenal ulcers (DU), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Mucus-secreting cells secrete mucus, which aids in the neutralization of HCl and inhibits bacteria. DM can alter mucus-secreting cells. Due to a lack of mucosal defense, external stimuli such as bacteria or ethanol can lead to the development of GU, DU, and GERD. This research study used a STZ-induced diabetic rat model to examine the short- and long-term histopathology and ultrastructural alterations in mucus-secreting cells in the cardia, body, and pyloric regions of the stomach. Quantitative analysis was also employed in this study to examine the distribution of mucin granules across all three locations. Twenty-four male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized. Rats were divided into the control (n = 12) and DM (n = 12) groups. Each was separated into short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) rats. For DM induction, streptozotocin (STZ) can selectively destroy the beta cells of the pancreas. The DM was injected with STZ in citrate buffer at 60 mg/kg body weight. The control group was injected with citrate buffer. Histopathology was examined by Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff staining under a light microscope. Image analysis was applied to quantify mucin accumulation. The ultrastructure was explored using transmission electron microscopy. In short-term and long-term DM, there was superficial erosion of the gastric epithelium and a significant decrease in the percentage of mucin granule accumulations in both surface mucous cells (SMCs) and mucous neck cells (MNCs). In short-term DM, SMCs were degenerated with vacuolation, disrupted cristae of mitochondria, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). MNCs were swollen with destroyed organelles. In long-term DM, degenerative nuclei and electron-lucent regions with unidentified structures of SMCs were observed. Nuclear chromatin condensation and the disappearance of mucin granules were present in MNCs. In conclusion, under both LM and TEM, STZ-induced diabetic rats demonstrated both short- and long-term damage to the gastric mucosa and gastric gland structures.
{"title":"Histopathology and ultrastructural alterations in gastric mucus-secreting cells in diabetic model rats","authors":"Sani Baimai, S. Sricharoenvej, P. Lanlua, Narawadee Choompoo","doi":"10.52083/bihz6841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/bihz6841","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause gastric ulcers (GU), duodenal ulcers (DU), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Mucus-secreting cells secrete mucus, which aids in the neutralization of HCl and inhibits bacteria. DM can alter mucus-secreting cells. Due to a lack of mucosal defense, external stimuli such as bacteria or ethanol can lead to the development of GU, DU, and GERD. This research study used a STZ-induced diabetic rat model to examine the short- and long-term histopathology and ultrastructural alterations in mucus-secreting cells in the cardia, body, and pyloric regions of the stomach. Quantitative analysis was also employed in this study to examine the distribution of mucin granules across all three locations. Twenty-four male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized. Rats were divided into the control (n = 12) and DM (n = 12) groups. Each was separated into short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) rats. For DM induction, streptozotocin (STZ) can selectively destroy the beta cells of the pancreas. The DM was injected with STZ in citrate buffer at 60 mg/kg body weight. The control group was injected with citrate buffer. Histopathology was examined by Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff staining under a light microscope. Image analysis was applied to quantify mucin accumulation. The ultrastructure was explored using transmission electron microscopy. In short-term and long-term DM, there was superficial erosion of the gastric epithelium and a significant decrease in the percentage of mucin granule accumulations in both surface mucous cells (SMCs) and mucous neck cells (MNCs). In short-term DM, SMCs were degenerated with vacuolation, disrupted cristae of mitochondria, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). MNCs were swollen with destroyed organelles. In long-term DM, degenerative nuclei and electron-lucent regions with unidentified structures of SMCs were observed. Nuclear chromatin condensation and the disappearance of mucin granules were present in MNCs. In conclusion, under both LM and TEM, STZ-induced diabetic rats demonstrated both short- and long-term damage to the gastric mucosa and gastric gland structures.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"42 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arofi Kurniawan, Salma A. Athalia, Beshlina F.W.R. Prakoeswa, Beta N. Rizky, An’nisaa Chusida, Martinus Yudha, Karine Wijaya, Mieke S. Margaretha, Aspalilah Alias, Anand Marya
Accurate sex determination is a critical aspect of individual identification in various fields, including anthropology, forensic science, and archaeology. Various parameters from the skull, mandible, pelvis, and long bones are commonly utilized for this purpose. Recently, the potential of the maxillary sinus as a sex-discriminatory parameter has been studied by Khaitan et al. through the analysis of lateral cephalometric radiography. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the sex determination formula devised by Khaitan et al. for the adult population of Surabaya, Indonesia. For this purpose, 130 digital cephalometric radiographs of outpatients in the DHDC Dental Office in Surabaya, Indonesia, were assessed. The maxillary sinus height and width were measured to derive the maxillary sinus index (MSI) and calculate the discriminant score (D) for sex identification. This study revealed that the maxillary sinus’s average height in males was 37.111+5.13 mm, while in females, it was 34.538+4.36 mm. Males had an average maxillary sinus width of 44.152+4.11 mm, while in females it was of 38.849+3.33 mm. The MSI values for males (1.204±0.14) were higher than for females (1.135±0.10). The discriminant scores showed notable variations between males and females, with an 86% success rate for females and 27.8% for males. The present study provides evidence that the Khaitan formula can serve as a valuable complementary approach for sex determination in females. Sex determination based on the MSI is thought to be a population-dependent parameter in forensic sciences and requires careful interpretation in its application.
{"title":"Cephalometric radiograph-based approach for sex determination using maxillary sinus index in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"Arofi Kurniawan, Salma A. Athalia, Beshlina F.W.R. Prakoeswa, Beta N. Rizky, An’nisaa Chusida, Martinus Yudha, Karine Wijaya, Mieke S. Margaretha, Aspalilah Alias, Anand Marya","doi":"10.52083/dhpm3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/dhpm3206","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate sex determination is a critical aspect of individual identification in various fields, including anthropology, forensic science, and archaeology. Various parameters from the skull, mandible, pelvis, and long bones are commonly utilized for this purpose. Recently, the potential of the maxillary sinus as a sex-discriminatory parameter has been studied by Khaitan et al. through the analysis of lateral cephalometric radiography. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the sex determination formula devised by Khaitan et al. for the adult population of Surabaya, Indonesia. For this purpose, 130 digital cephalometric radiographs of outpatients in the DHDC Dental Office in Surabaya, Indonesia, were assessed. The maxillary sinus height and width were measured to derive the maxillary sinus index (MSI) and calculate the discriminant score (D) for sex identification. This study revealed that the maxillary sinus’s average height in males was 37.111+5.13 mm, while in females, it was 34.538+4.36 mm. Males had an average maxillary sinus width of 44.152+4.11 mm, while in females it was of 38.849+3.33 mm. The MSI values for males (1.204±0.14) were higher than for females (1.135±0.10). The discriminant scores showed notable variations between males and females, with an 86% success rate for females and 27.8% for males. The present study provides evidence that the Khaitan formula can serve as a valuable complementary approach for sex determination in females. Sex determination based on the MSI is thought to be a population-dependent parameter in forensic sciences and requires careful interpretation in its application.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"227 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilio Farfán, Felipe Araya, Manuel Barroilhet, Francisco Cornejo, Agustín Gutiérrez, Matías Vergara, Oscar Inzunza, Natalia Sánchez, Jaritza Tramolao, Verónica Inostroza
The anatomical variants of the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) are frequent, mostly unilaterally than bilaterally, and are associated with supernumerary muscle bellies, the total absence of the muscle or one of its heads, and variations in the points of origin and insertion. In the same way, the variants of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) can include alterations in its course, number of branches, or anatomical relations, whereas its absence is considered an atypical variation. The aim of this work was to report the absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of one accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle. Dissection of a female cadaver, fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, which did not present previous surgeries in the studied area was performed. Variations were noted in both upper limbs related to accessory muscle bellies and change in innervation. Anatomical relations of muscles and nerves were determined by following proximal to distal ends, relation, vascularization, and innervation pattern. The absence of MCN associated with the presence of one accessory head of the BBM were found bilaterally. These anatomical variations are atypical. Clinically, these variations can produce compressive symptoms that could generate confusing diagnostics and conduce to unnecessary procedures on the arm, inducing iatrogenic actions.
{"title":"Absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle: report of a bilateral case and its clinical implications","authors":"Emilio Farfán, Felipe Araya, Manuel Barroilhet, Francisco Cornejo, Agustín Gutiérrez, Matías Vergara, Oscar Inzunza, Natalia Sánchez, Jaritza Tramolao, Verónica Inostroza","doi":"10.52083/zloh6744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/zloh6744","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomical variants of the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) are frequent, mostly unilaterally than bilaterally, and are associated with supernumerary muscle bellies, the total absence of the muscle or one of its heads, and variations in the points of origin and insertion. In the same way, the variants of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) can include alterations in its course, number of branches, or anatomical relations, whereas its absence is considered an atypical variation. The aim of this work was to report the absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of one accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle. Dissection of a female cadaver, fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, which did not present previous surgeries in the studied area was performed. Variations were noted in both upper limbs related to accessory muscle bellies and change in innervation. Anatomical relations of muscles and nerves were determined by following proximal to distal ends, relation, vascularization, and innervation pattern. The absence of MCN associated with the presence of one accessory head of the BBM were found bilaterally. These anatomical variations are atypical. Clinically, these variations can produce compressive symptoms that could generate confusing diagnostics and conduce to unnecessary procedures on the arm, inducing iatrogenic actions.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Palacio-Gutiérrez, Sara Morales-Galeano, Jorge L. Obando-Castillo, Clara I. Saldarriaga-Naranjo, Sergio I. Tobón-Arroyave
This study aimed to determine, using a retrospective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment and a logistic regression analysis, which variations of the maxillary structures of interest in surgical, forensic, and anthropological practices might be linked to the sex trait in a representative sample of Colombian adults with different age and alveolar process status categories. A total of 208 CBCT scans obtained from 83 males and 125 females were evaluated. The protocol included the assessment of 40 parameters, of which 25 were bilateral and 15 were unique. The strength of association between the study variables and the sex of the individuals was examined individually and adjusted for confounding using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models. Although the age and alveolar process status had a confounding influence on the results, posterior maxillary region-related variables including maxillary sinus, infraorbital foramen, and greater palatine canal dimensions, but also anterior maxilla/upper middle line-related variables comprising nasopalatine canal length, anterior buccal bone thickness, and incisive foramen diameter, revealed higher values in males and remained strongly and independently associated with the male sex after adjusting for confounders. It was concluded that the maxillary bone can present several morphological variations, as well as dimensional differences that may be strongly liaised to sex, but are independent of age, side, and the state of the alveolar process of the population observed. Even so, both aging and alveolar process status should be considered when applying the anatomical variation data to the needs of the particular case.
{"title":"Logistic regression analysis of sex-related morphological and dimensional variations of maxillary bone: a cone-beam computed tomography-based retrospective study","authors":"Santiago Palacio-Gutiérrez, Sara Morales-Galeano, Jorge L. Obando-Castillo, Clara I. Saldarriaga-Naranjo, Sergio I. Tobón-Arroyave","doi":"10.52083/wqsj7197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/wqsj7197","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine, using a retrospective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment and a logistic regression analysis, which variations of the maxillary structures of interest in surgical, forensic, and anthropological practices might be linked to the sex trait in a representative sample of Colombian adults with different age and alveolar process status categories. A total of 208 CBCT scans obtained from 83 males and 125 females were evaluated. The protocol included the assessment of 40 parameters, of which 25 were bilateral and 15 were unique. The strength of association between the study variables and the sex of the individuals was examined individually and adjusted for confounding using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models. Although the age and alveolar process status had a confounding influence on the results, posterior maxillary region-related variables including maxillary sinus, infraorbital foramen, and greater palatine canal dimensions, but also anterior maxilla/upper middle line-related variables comprising nasopalatine canal length, anterior buccal bone thickness, and incisive foramen diameter, revealed higher values in males and remained strongly and independently associated with the male sex after adjusting for confounders. It was concluded that the maxillary bone can present several morphological variations, as well as dimensional differences that may be strongly liaised to sex, but are independent of age, side, and the state of the alveolar process of the population observed. Even so, both aging and alveolar process status should be considered when applying the anatomical variation data to the needs of the particular case.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heba El-Sayed Mostafa, Eman A. Alaa El-Din, Eman M. Kamel, Shimaa A. Fareed
Many studies on individual pesticide risk assessments are available, but the toxicity of combined usage is still to estimate. So, the current study investigated reproductive toxicity induced by exposure to cyfluthrin (CYF) and pestban (PES) and their mixture in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into four groups. All treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 60 days. Group I (control group): this group included 16 rats, divided into two equal subgroups: subgroup Ia (negative control) and subgroup Ib (a vehicle control), in which each rat received 2 ml of corn oil. Group II: CYF group (15.6 mg/kg). Group III; PES group (7.45 mg/kg). Group IV: CYF + PES. Individual CYF and PES exposure significantly decreased testicular weight, serum testosterone level, and epididymal sperm count when compared to the control group. These biochemical changes were confirmed by histological and ultra-structural disarray and reduced immunoreactions of Melan-A (also known as MART-1, Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-cells), but mutual exposure to both pesticides resulted in a highly significant difference compared to other treated groups. Co-administration of CYF and PES aggravated testicular toxicity, exhausting the endogenous antioxidant status, and down-regulating the immune expression of Melan-A. So, mixing both components can intensify the damaging effects of each compound on testes.
{"title":"Assessment of reproductive toxicity of Cyfluthrin and Pestban either individually or combined in adult male albino rats","authors":"Heba El-Sayed Mostafa, Eman A. Alaa El-Din, Eman M. Kamel, Shimaa A. Fareed","doi":"10.52083/mmck6104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/mmck6104","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies on individual pesticide risk assessments are available, but the toxicity of combined usage is still to estimate. So, the current study investigated reproductive toxicity induced by exposure to cyfluthrin (CYF) and pestban (PES) and their mixture in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into four groups. All treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 60 days. Group I (control group): this group included 16 rats, divided into two equal subgroups: subgroup Ia (negative control) and subgroup Ib (a vehicle control), in which each rat received 2 ml of corn oil. Group II: CYF group (15.6 mg/kg). Group III; PES group (7.45 mg/kg). Group IV: CYF + PES. Individual CYF and PES exposure significantly decreased testicular weight, serum testosterone level, and epididymal sperm count when compared to the control group. These biochemical changes were confirmed by histological and ultra-structural disarray and reduced immunoreactions of Melan-A (also known as MART-1, Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-cells), but mutual exposure to both pesticides resulted in a highly significant difference compared to other treated groups. Co-administration of CYF and PES aggravated testicular toxicity, exhausting the endogenous antioxidant status, and down-regulating the immune expression of Melan-A. So, mixing both components can intensify the damaging effects of each compound on testes.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"76 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There exists a bidirectional relation between the thymus gland and the hypothalamo- hypophysial-gonadal axis. The thymus secretes various hormones, some of which can regulate the reproductive axis. So, it is worth to explore the possible role of an additional thymus on the onset of puberty in male albino rats. Two groups of male rats aged 5 and 10 days were used for the study. Each subgroup consisted of 4 pups each in control and experimental group. Thymus glands for graft were obtained from newborn male rat pups. Depending on the age group, 5 day or 10-day-old male rat pup were anaesthetized, 2-3 mm incision was made, and a thymus gland was grafted to the axilla. Sham operations were performed to the control pups. Without handling, animals were observed daily for the onset of puberty. On the day of descent of testes, body weight of the animal was noted, blood was collected and used for radio immunoassay. All morphometric measurements were done using an occular micrometer. Volume fraction of seminiferous tubules, intertubular connective tissue of testes, cortex and medulla of the thymus were estimated by point count method. In both the age groups thymus graft advanced the age of descent of testes, and increased body weight and organ weight. It also increased the serum hormone levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that an additional thymus gland has a positive effect on the male reproductive system towards pro-gonadal action, and this effect is more pronounced in older-age groups of rats.
{"title":"The role of thymus graft on the onset of puberty in juvenile male rats","authors":"Satya V. Prasad","doi":"10.52083/suru3839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/suru3839","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a bidirectional relation between the thymus gland and the hypothalamo- hypophysial-gonadal axis. The thymus secretes various hormones, some of which can regulate the reproductive axis. So, it is worth to explore the possible role of an additional thymus on the onset of puberty in male albino rats. Two groups of male rats aged 5 and 10 days were used for the study. Each subgroup consisted of 4 pups each in control and experimental group. Thymus glands for graft were obtained from newborn male rat pups. Depending on the age group, 5 day or 10-day-old male rat pup were anaesthetized, 2-3 mm incision was made, and a thymus gland was grafted to the axilla. Sham operations were performed to the control pups. Without handling, animals were observed daily for the onset of puberty. On the day of descent of testes, body weight of the animal was noted, blood was collected and used for radio immunoassay. All morphometric measurements were done using an occular micrometer. Volume fraction of seminiferous tubules, intertubular connective tissue of testes, cortex and medulla of the thymus were estimated by point count method. In both the age groups thymus graft advanced the age of descent of testes, and increased body weight and organ weight. It also increased the serum hormone levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that an additional thymus gland has a positive effect on the male reproductive system towards pro-gonadal action, and this effect is more pronounced in older-age groups of rats.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several methods have been suggested to encourage greater student participation during lectures. Mind mapping is a learning tool that uses pictorial representations of concepts and their relationships. The objectives of this study were to compare the knowledge acquisition in anatomy and perceptions between didactic lectures and mind mapping among first year students at a medical college in India. First year undergraduate medical students (n=60 in one batch and n=149 in the next batch) were randomly divided into two groups which received either the mind-mapping intervention or a didactic lecture. Eight topics were covered in such a manner. After each topic, the groups crossed over and received the alternate intervention. Each intervention was followed by a ten-item single-best-response multiple-choice knowledge test. The perceptions of students were obtained using a questionnaire which had both quantitative and qualitative components. The data were summarized using means and standard deviations. Group differences were estimated using the independent sample T test. The mean scores on the multiple-choice-questions (MCQ) test were significantly higher after mind-mapping compared to didactic lectures in seven out of eight sessions. The perceptions of the students about mind mapping were largely positive, especially in relation to integration and interest. One drawback mentioned about the mind-mapping method was that it was relatively time-consuming. Mind mapping resulted in significantly greater knowledge acquisition as compared to didactic lectures, and was well received by the students. It has the potential to be used more widely in anatomy education.
{"title":"Effectiveness of mind mapping as compared to didactic lectures for teaching anatomy among first-year medical students - A randomized control study","authors":"Sunil Mathew, Stephen Dayal, Nachiket Shankar","doi":"10.52083/nqmt1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/nqmt1904","url":null,"abstract":"Several methods have been suggested to encourage greater student participation during lectures. Mind mapping is a learning tool that uses pictorial representations of concepts and their relationships. The objectives of this study were to compare the knowledge acquisition in anatomy and perceptions between didactic lectures and mind mapping among first year students at a medical college in India. First year undergraduate medical students (n=60 in one batch and n=149 in the next batch) were randomly divided into two groups which received either the mind-mapping intervention or a didactic lecture. Eight topics were covered in such a manner. After each topic, the groups crossed over and received the alternate intervention. Each intervention was followed by a ten-item single-best-response multiple-choice knowledge test. The perceptions of students were obtained using a questionnaire which had both quantitative and qualitative components. The data were summarized using means and standard deviations. Group differences were estimated using the independent sample T test. The mean scores on the multiple-choice-questions (MCQ) test were significantly higher after mind-mapping compared to didactic lectures in seven out of eight sessions. The perceptions of the students about mind mapping were largely positive, especially in relation to integration and interest. One drawback mentioned about the mind-mapping method was that it was relatively time-consuming. Mind mapping resulted in significantly greater knowledge acquisition as compared to didactic lectures, and was well received by the students. It has the potential to be used more widely in anatomy education.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"227 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of cadaveric material to study anatomy has been curbed by the requirements for its maintenance and use and by the anatomical contents in medical curricula, negatively affecting students. This study aimed to demonstrate the reported benefits of using cadaveric material in teaching anatomy. The benefits were categorized into 3 groups: audiovisual resources, teaching, and institutional cooperation and research. 1) Audiovisual resources: 2234 photographs, 256 videos, 16 websites, 28 anatomical replicas using 3D printing, the Laminario Anatómico, and a gymkhana online simulator. Students were surveyed about their perception and use of these resources. Their responses indicate they are considered useful tools for teaching and learning. 2) Teaching: all the practical activities with cadaveric material are comprehensively undertaken in different formats every year. 15 undergraduate programs have prosection activities, 9 graduate degree programs and 4 post-graduate qualification programs have prosection and dissection activities, and 22 graduate degree programs have cadaveric surgical training. 3) Institutional cooperation and research: 2 doctoral theses, 1 master’s thesis, and 37 publications. The use of cadaveric material is a contribution that strengthens all aspects of academia in the development of both instructors and institutions.
{"title":"Academic benefits of using cadaveric material in health sciences education: Report of an experience","authors":"Emilio Farfán, Oscar Inzunza","doi":"10.52083/xygx8978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/xygx8978","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cadaveric material to study anatomy has been curbed by the requirements for its maintenance and use and by the anatomical contents in medical curricula, negatively affecting students. This study aimed to demonstrate the reported benefits of using cadaveric material in teaching anatomy. The benefits were categorized into 3 groups: audiovisual resources, teaching, and institutional cooperation and research. 1) Audiovisual resources: 2234 photographs, 256 videos, 16 websites, 28 anatomical replicas using 3D printing, the Laminario Anatómico, and a gymkhana online simulator. Students were surveyed about their perception and use of these resources. Their responses indicate they are considered useful tools for teaching and learning. 2) Teaching: all the practical activities with cadaveric material are comprehensively undertaken in different formats every year. 15 undergraduate programs have prosection activities, 9 graduate degree programs and 4 post-graduate qualification programs have prosection and dissection activities, and 22 graduate degree programs have cadaveric surgical training. 3) Institutional cooperation and research: 2 doctoral theses, 1 master’s thesis, and 37 publications. The use of cadaveric material is a contribution that strengthens all aspects of academia in the development of both instructors and institutions.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"4 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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