Kevin Doello, Cristina Mesas, Francisco Quiñonero, Gloria Perazzoli, Consolación Melguizo, Miguel Guirao, Jose Prados
The anatomical collections of fetuses are a valuable element of study and research in universities. At the University of Granada, the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology has a collection of 283 fetuses. The purpose of this article has been to carry out an exhaustive study on these fetuses to present data related to the malformations they presented. Regarding the results, it is worth noting the presence of a higher frequency of aborted fetuses between 4.5 and 6 months of development and the presence of macroscopically evident malformations in 56% of them. In conclusion, this study assesses the usefulness for teaching and research of this anatomical material and the results provide data of interest on fetal development and the etiology of spontaneous abortions.
{"title":"Macroscopic study of the collection of human fetuses from Granada University","authors":"Kevin Doello, Cristina Mesas, Francisco Quiñonero, Gloria Perazzoli, Consolación Melguizo, Miguel Guirao, Jose Prados","doi":"10.52083/nfxy2293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/nfxy2293","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomical collections of fetuses are a valuable element of study and research in universities. At the University of Granada, the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology has a collection of 283 fetuses. The purpose of this article has been to carry out an exhaustive study on these fetuses to present data related to the malformations they presented. Regarding the results, it is worth noting the presence of a higher frequency of aborted fetuses between 4.5 and 6 months of development and the presence of macroscopically evident malformations in 56% of them. In conclusion, this study assesses the usefulness for teaching and research of this anatomical material and the results provide data of interest on fetal development and the etiology of spontaneous abortions.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Abdolmohammadpour Bonab, D. Treytak, C. Azzopardi, Karthikeyan. P. Iyengar, Rajesh Botchu
Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is caused due to impingement of soft tissues between the ischium and the lesser trochanter of the femur, resulting in pain and discomfort. IFI can be caused due to anatomical abnormality, previous trauma and surgery. The quadratus femoris muscle is usually affected in these cases, which can become oedematous and show fatty atrophy. Management of IFI include analgesics, physiotherapy, image-guided intervention and surgery. This study aims to provide an overview of IFI, evaluate the ischiofemoral space in a cohort of ten patients, and suggest the safest position for image-guided interventions in patients with IFI. The ischiofemoral space and distance between the sciatic nerve and the medial part of the femoral neck were measured in supine and lateral positions on 10 consecutive patients by two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists on Computed Tomography (CT) axial sequence. There were 10 patients in the study (3 female and 7 males), with an average age of 29 years (11-70 years). A statistically significant increase in the ischiofemoral space and the distance between the sciatic nerve and the medial part of the femoral neck was found in the lateral position compared to the supine position. There was good intra- and inter-observer reliability, with a kappa value of 0.8. The increase in the ischiofemoral interval in the lateral position suggests that it is relatively safer to perform image-guided interventions and injections in the ischiofemoral interval in the lateral position with a potential reduction in the risk of incidental sciatic nerve injury.
{"title":"Is there a change in ischiofemoral space in lateral position in comparison to supine","authors":"H. Abdolmohammadpour Bonab, D. Treytak, C. Azzopardi, Karthikeyan. P. Iyengar, Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.52083/oaqd8529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/oaqd8529","url":null,"abstract":"Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is caused due to impingement of soft tissues between the ischium and the lesser trochanter of the femur, resulting in pain and discomfort. IFI can be caused due to anatomical abnormality, previous trauma and surgery. The quadratus femoris muscle is usually affected in these cases, which can become oedematous and show fatty atrophy. Management of IFI include analgesics, physiotherapy, image-guided intervention and surgery. This study aims to provide an overview of IFI, evaluate the ischiofemoral space in a cohort of ten patients, and suggest the safest position for image-guided interventions in patients with IFI. The ischiofemoral space and distance between the sciatic nerve and the medial part of the femoral neck were measured in supine and lateral positions on 10 consecutive patients by two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists on Computed Tomography (CT) axial sequence. There were 10 patients in the study (3 female and 7 males), with an average age of 29 years (11-70 years). A statistically significant increase in the ischiofemoral space and the distance between the sciatic nerve and the medial part of the femoral neck was found in the lateral position compared to the supine position. There was good intra- and inter-observer reliability, with a kappa value of 0.8. The increase in the ischiofemoral interval in the lateral position suggests that it is relatively safer to perform image-guided interventions and injections in the ischiofemoral interval in the lateral position with a potential reduction in the risk of incidental sciatic nerve injury.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"69 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ganesh Parasuraman, Elizabeth Vinod, Abel Livingston, Solomon Sathishkumar, Deepak Vinod Francis
Fixation is crucial for preserving tissue integrity during processing, and the most commonly used cross-linking fixative in immunohistochemistry is neutral buffered formalin, which requires antigen retrieval as a crucial step. The successful use of newer coagulant fixatives like methacarn and EMA to preserve isotopes and eliminate the need for antigen retrieval has been reported recently, but their role in decalcified osteochondral unit samples remains unknown. Limited information on the use of coagulant fixatives as formalin substitutes makes it important to comparatively evaluate their effects on osteochondral samples and the impact of antigen retrieval on different days. Osteochondral units from a patient with osteoarthritis who underwent total knee-replacement surgery were fixed with three studied fixatives (Formalin, Methacarn, EMA) and divided into four portions, for different time periods (Day 1, 3, 7, 10). Sections were decalcified, stained with Safranin O, Alcian Blue, Toluidine Blue, PicroSirius Red, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and immunohistochemical analysis of Collagen type II and type X with and without antigen retrieval was conducted. Formalin showed better hematoxylin uptake than coagulant-based fixatives, while all fixatives preserved tissue morphology without necrosis or cellular degeneration with comparable staining quality. Methacarn and EMA-fixed tissues showed higher uptake of collagen type II compared to formalin-fixed tissues, with collagen type II uptake occurring only in the cartilage region and collagen type X uptake occurring only in the bone region. The study highlights the effectiveness of methacarn and EMA as efficient alternatives to formalin, preserving tissue morphology and antigen specificity.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of the morphology and antigenicity of human osteochondral units using formalin and coagulant fixatives","authors":"Ganesh Parasuraman, Elizabeth Vinod, Abel Livingston, Solomon Sathishkumar, Deepak Vinod Francis","doi":"10.52083/cvzf3774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/cvzf3774","url":null,"abstract":"Fixation is crucial for preserving tissue integrity during processing, and the most commonly used cross-linking fixative in immunohistochemistry is neutral buffered formalin, which requires antigen retrieval as a crucial step. The successful use of newer coagulant fixatives like methacarn and EMA to preserve isotopes and eliminate the need for antigen retrieval has been reported recently, but their role in decalcified osteochondral unit samples remains unknown. Limited information on the use of coagulant fixatives as formalin substitutes makes it important to comparatively evaluate their effects on osteochondral samples and the impact of antigen retrieval on different days. Osteochondral units from a patient with osteoarthritis who underwent total knee-replacement surgery were fixed with three studied fixatives (Formalin, Methacarn, EMA) and divided into four portions, for different time periods (Day 1, 3, 7, 10). Sections were decalcified, stained with Safranin O, Alcian Blue, Toluidine Blue, PicroSirius Red, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and immunohistochemical analysis of Collagen type II and type X with and without antigen retrieval was conducted. Formalin showed better hematoxylin uptake than coagulant-based fixatives, while all fixatives preserved tissue morphology without necrosis or cellular degeneration with comparable staining quality. Methacarn and EMA-fixed tissues showed higher uptake of collagen type II compared to formalin-fixed tissues, with collagen type II uptake occurring only in the cartilage region and collagen type X uptake occurring only in the bone region. The study highlights the effectiveness of methacarn and EMA as efficient alternatives to formalin, preserving tissue morphology and antigen specificity.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parahiatal hernias are rare. They are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, as the clinical symptoms may be similar to hiatal and paraoesophageal hernias. Here, we report two cases of parahiatal hernia that were preoperatively diagnosed and successfully repaired laparoscopically; using the particular anatomic characteristics of this hernia, we also review the controversial oesophageal hiatal anatomy, as the surgical community often refers to the left bundle of the right crus as the left crus. There is no consensus on the indication or surgical technique to repair them. The first case is a 59-year-old woman with non-specific abdominal symptoms, in whom the preoperative gastroscopy and computed tomography (CT) raised the suspicion for parahiatal hernia. The second case is a 68-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with abdominal distention and nausea, but no vomiting. Preoperative CT raised the suspicion of an incarcerated parahiatal hernia. Both patients underwent laparoscopic repair of the parahiatal hernia and a Toupet fundoplication. They had an uneventful postoperative course. After more than 4 years of follow-up, they are both asymptomatic. Parahiatal hernias are a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia that occur through a diaphragmatic defect lateral to an anatomically normal oesophageal hiatus, with herniation of contents between the left portion of the right crus and the left crus. Up to five different anatomical variations have been described. The knowledge of these anatomical variations has an impact on the type of surgical repair that will need to be performed if a parahiatal hernia is found.
{"title":"Parahiatal hernia: A rare type of hernia and the answer to an anatomical challenge","authors":"Fátima Senra Lorenzana, Asunción Acosta Mérida, Noman Zafar, Alberto Martínez Isla","doi":"10.52083/yjge5299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/yjge5299","url":null,"abstract":"Parahiatal hernias are rare. They are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, as the clinical symptoms may be similar to hiatal and paraoesophageal hernias. Here, we report two cases of parahiatal hernia that were preoperatively diagnosed and successfully repaired laparoscopically; using the particular anatomic characteristics of this hernia, we also review the controversial oesophageal hiatal anatomy, as the surgical community often refers to the left bundle of the right crus as the left crus. There is no consensus on the indication or surgical technique to repair them. The first case is a 59-year-old woman with non-specific abdominal symptoms, in whom the preoperative gastroscopy and computed tomography (CT) raised the suspicion for parahiatal hernia. The second case is a 68-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with abdominal distention and nausea, but no vomiting. Preoperative CT raised the suspicion of an incarcerated parahiatal hernia. Both patients underwent laparoscopic repair of the parahiatal hernia and a Toupet fundoplication. They had an uneventful postoperative course. After more than 4 years of follow-up, they are both asymptomatic. Parahiatal hernias are a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia that occur through a diaphragmatic defect lateral to an anatomically normal oesophageal hiatus, with herniation of contents between the left portion of the right crus and the left crus. Up to five different anatomical variations have been described. The knowledge of these anatomical variations has an impact on the type of surgical repair that will need to be performed if a parahiatal hernia is found.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nermeen H.A. Lashine, Amany Shams, Shaima M. Almasry, Huda El-Tahry, Marwa Abd El-kader
Stressors affect the differentiation of stem cells in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). This study was designed to ensure the presence of progenitor cells in the adult adrenal gland and to evaluate their behavior under chronic stress and after recovery. Also, to assess their ability to recruit new glial and chromaffin cells. Three groups of adult male rats (6 rats each): control, chronic-stress (rats were placed individually in stainless restrainers 2h/day for six days), recovered (rats were housed in an enriched circumference for seven days after the same stress modality). Both chronic-stress and recovered groups showed increased adrenal glands weight and cortisol levels with vacuolation, hemorrhage, and edema in the cortex and medulla. The chronic-stress group illustrated a significant increase in the chromaffin reaction, which was reduced in the recovered group. Evaluation of the immunohistochemical results revealed a significant decrease in the Nestin and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) reactions, but an increase in the chromogranin-A reaction in the chronic-stress group. The recovered group demonstrated a significant increase in the Nestin and GFAP and a reduction in the chromogranin-A immunohistochemical reactions. These results indicate the differentiation of the progenitor (Nestin expressing) stem cells into chromaffin (chromogranin-A expressing) cells under stress conditions for stress adaptation. Conversely, under normal conditions, the differentiation moved toward the glial cells.
{"title":"The behavior of adrenal progenitor stem cells in response to chronic stress and recovery","authors":"Nermeen H.A. Lashine, Amany Shams, Shaima M. Almasry, Huda El-Tahry, Marwa Abd El-kader","doi":"10.52083/imov9344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/imov9344","url":null,"abstract":"Stressors affect the differentiation of stem cells in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). This study was designed to ensure the presence of progenitor cells in the adult adrenal gland and to evaluate their behavior under chronic stress and after recovery. Also, to assess their ability to recruit new glial and chromaffin cells. Three groups of adult male rats (6 rats each): control, chronic-stress (rats were placed individually in stainless restrainers 2h/day for six days), recovered (rats were housed in an enriched circumference for seven days after the same stress modality). Both chronic-stress and recovered groups showed increased adrenal glands weight and cortisol levels with vacuolation, hemorrhage, and edema in the cortex and medulla. The chronic-stress group illustrated a significant increase in the chromaffin reaction, which was reduced in the recovered group. Evaluation of the immunohistochemical results revealed a significant decrease in the Nestin and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) reactions, but an increase in the chromogranin-A reaction in the chronic-stress group. The recovered group demonstrated a significant increase in the Nestin and GFAP and a reduction in the chromogranin-A immunohistochemical reactions. These results indicate the differentiation of the progenitor (Nestin expressing) stem cells into chromaffin (chromogranin-A expressing) cells under stress conditions for stress adaptation. Conversely, under normal conditions, the differentiation moved toward the glial cells.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"11 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Keleş, Mehmet T. Yilmaz, Orhan Özbek, Duygu A. Saygin, Muzaffer Şeker
The glenoid cavity is a sliced egg-shaped joint surface located on the lateral margin of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. Recognition of variations in shape and dimensions of the glenoid cavity is important for a better comprehension of joint-associated diseases, especially in total shoulder arthroplasty procedures. The aim of this study was to perform morphometric measurements on the glenoid cavity. Glenoid cavities of 391 individuals (197 males [50.4%], 194 females [49.6%]) were reviewed by using Multi-detector Computed Tomography. The maximum length and maximum width of glenoid cavities, as well as the width, depth and circumference at the notch level were measured, and the index value was calculated. The glenoid cavity shapes were typed as pear, inverted comma and oval type. Furthermore, the metric values that provide the best differentiation between genders were identified through ROC analysis. The pear glenoid cavity type was detected in 53.2%, inverted comma type was detected in 28.4%, and oval type was detected in 18.4% of cases. In all of our morphometric measurements, male values were higher than female values, and there was significant difference between them. Results of ROC analysis revealed significant measurements for the maximum length and maximum width measurements of the glenoid for gender determination. Morphometric information of the glenoid cavity can be useful in order to increase clinical success in case of Bankart lesion, rotator cuff disease, and osteochondral defect. Recognition of different shapes and dimensions of the glenoid cavity is essential for the design of the glenoid component, especially for total shoulder arthroplasty procedure. We believe that the data obtained in our study would be useful for prosthesis designers and orthopaedic surgeons.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of cavitas glenoidalis with multidedector CT","authors":"Ali Keleş, Mehmet T. Yilmaz, Orhan Özbek, Duygu A. Saygin, Muzaffer Şeker","doi":"10.52083/mrfp5453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/mrfp5453","url":null,"abstract":"The glenoid cavity is a sliced egg-shaped joint surface located on the lateral margin of the scapula to form the shoulder joint. Recognition of variations in shape and dimensions of the glenoid cavity is important for a better comprehension of joint-associated diseases, especially in total shoulder arthroplasty procedures. The aim of this study was to perform morphometric measurements on the glenoid cavity. Glenoid cavities of 391 individuals (197 males [50.4%], 194 females [49.6%]) were reviewed by using Multi-detector Computed Tomography. The maximum length and maximum width of glenoid cavities, as well as the width, depth and circumference at the notch level were measured, and the index value was calculated. The glenoid cavity shapes were typed as pear, inverted comma and oval type. Furthermore, the metric values that provide the best differentiation between genders were identified through ROC analysis. The pear glenoid cavity type was detected in 53.2%, inverted comma type was detected in 28.4%, and oval type was detected in 18.4% of cases. In all of our morphometric measurements, male values were higher than female values, and there was significant difference between them. Results of ROC analysis revealed significant measurements for the maximum length and maximum width measurements of the glenoid for gender determination. Morphometric information of the glenoid cavity can be useful in order to increase clinical success in case of Bankart lesion, rotator cuff disease, and osteochondral defect. Recognition of different shapes and dimensions of the glenoid cavity is essential for the design of the glenoid component, especially for total shoulder arthroplasty procedure. We believe that the data obtained in our study would be useful for prosthesis designers and orthopaedic surgeons.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"227 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135116418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhagath K. Potu, Bader M.M. Saleem, Amer Almarabheh
Morton’s toe results in an uneven distribution of pressure across the feet. Awareness about Morton’s toe and its associated risk factors is clinically important. Although studies have reported the prevalence of Morton’s toe, not many studies appear in literature discussing its impact on the associated risk factors such as hammertoe, bunion deformity, overpronation and plantar fasciitis, respectively. Hence, we have undertaken this study to analyze the prevalence of Morton’s toe in the Gulf region to assess its impact on the foot. A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was carried out between November 2021 and December 2022 on the feet of 100 individuals (male=50; female=50) with ages ranging from 17 to 75 years. The study included the Bahraini & non-Bahraini residents. Individuals with severe foot injuries and deformities resulting from surgery were excluded. A total of 56 Morton’s toe cases (male=18; female=38) were noted in the study sample. The overall prevalence of Morton’s toe was 28% and majority of the participants with Morton’s toe were females (67.9%). Of 56 Morton’s toe cases, the majority were seen in the age group from 30 to 40 years, particularly in females. Our findings clearly showed a significant association between Morton’s toe and hammertoe (p=0.044), bunion and usage of high heels (p<0.001), respectively. However, the association between Morton’s toe and other risk factors such as plantar fasciitis and overpronation of the foot were found to be statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). Our study provides baseline data for the first time on the prevalence of Morton’s toe and associated risk factors.
{"title":"Prevalence of Morton’s toe and assessment of the associated risk factors: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Bhagath K. Potu, Bader M.M. Saleem, Amer Almarabheh","doi":"10.52083/zojg4094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/zojg4094","url":null,"abstract":"Morton’s toe results in an uneven distribution of pressure across the feet. Awareness about Morton’s toe and its associated risk factors is clinically important. Although studies have reported the prevalence of Morton’s toe, not many studies appear in literature discussing its impact on the associated risk factors such as hammertoe, bunion deformity, overpronation and plantar fasciitis, respectively. Hence, we have undertaken this study to analyze the prevalence of Morton’s toe in the Gulf region to assess its impact on the foot. A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was carried out between November 2021 and December 2022 on the feet of 100 individuals (male=50; female=50) with ages ranging from 17 to 75 years. The study included the Bahraini & non-Bahraini residents. Individuals with severe foot injuries and deformities resulting from surgery were excluded. A total of 56 Morton’s toe cases (male=18; female=38) were noted in the study sample. The overall prevalence of Morton’s toe was 28% and majority of the participants with Morton’s toe were females (67.9%). Of 56 Morton’s toe cases, the majority were seen in the age group from 30 to 40 years, particularly in females. Our findings clearly showed a significant association between Morton’s toe and hammertoe (p=0.044), bunion and usage of high heels (p<0.001), respectively. However, the association between Morton’s toe and other risk factors such as plantar fasciitis and overpronation of the foot were found to be statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). Our study provides baseline data for the first time on the prevalence of Morton’s toe and associated risk factors.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135370176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pieter-Jan Bosman, Surasha M. Surandernath, Baron Quinton, Daniel Ziqubu, Muhammad Khan, Faatimah Asmal, B. Kramer
The human body is known to contain many variations in its normal structure which, while of interest to teachers of anatomy, may be vexing to health sciences students when compared to the description of “normal” anatomy in their textbooks. However, these variations, and even dysmorphologies, pose interesting and sometimes challenging learning experiences to students during dissection of the body. Such an instance occurred for undergraduate medical students in the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, when three unrelated dysmorphologies were discovered while undertaking a full dissection of a donor’s body. An aberrant right subclavian artery was found in the thoracic cavity and two further dysmorphologies, a supernumerary kidney and accessory indentations on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver presented on dissection of the abdominal cavity. The aberrant right subclavian conformed with previous descriptions of the anomaly. However, the supernumerary kidney lacked a ureter, was lobulated and contained large blood-filled spaces, with histological evidence of urinary tubules in the intervening connective tissue. The accessory hepatic indentations varied in depth, with the deeper one forming a fissure and the less deep indentation, a sulcus. While the described dysmorphologies vary in their incidence, the occurrence of a cluster of three within one body provided a significant opportunity for the students to review the normal anatomy, and especially the complex development of the structures, as well as the clinical significance of each.
{"title":"A cluster of dysmorphologies in a male human body: The value of anatomical variants in health sciences student training","authors":"Pieter-Jan Bosman, Surasha M. Surandernath, Baron Quinton, Daniel Ziqubu, Muhammad Khan, Faatimah Asmal, B. Kramer","doi":"10.52083/czaa2387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/czaa2387","url":null,"abstract":"The human body is known to contain many variations in its normal structure which, while of interest to teachers of anatomy, may be vexing to health sciences students when compared to the description of “normal” anatomy in their textbooks. However, these variations, and even dysmorphologies, pose interesting and sometimes challenging learning experiences to students during dissection of the body. Such an instance occurred for undergraduate medical students in the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, when three unrelated dysmorphologies were discovered while undertaking a full dissection of a donor’s body. An aberrant right subclavian artery was found in the thoracic cavity and two further dysmorphologies, a supernumerary kidney and accessory indentations on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver presented on dissection of the abdominal cavity. The aberrant right subclavian conformed with previous descriptions of the anomaly. However, the supernumerary kidney lacked a ureter, was lobulated and contained large blood-filled spaces, with histological evidence of urinary tubules in the intervening connective tissue. The accessory hepatic indentations varied in depth, with the deeper one forming a fissure and the less deep indentation, a sulcus. While the described dysmorphologies vary in their incidence, the occurrence of a cluster of three within one body provided a significant opportunity for the students to review the normal anatomy, and especially the complex development of the structures, as well as the clinical significance of each.","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79314654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lycopene attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and biochemical fluctuations induced by bisphenol A in the kidney of rats","authors":"Mohammed Alorini","doi":"10.52083/fgzo9858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52083/fgzo9858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11978,"journal":{"name":"European journal of anatomy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88007008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nahla S. Saad, Ghada S. El-dien Abdelkader, Noha A.H. Salem, M. H. Mohammed Ali, M. El-Fark
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that leads to pancreatic fibrosis. The current treatment of the disease is not efficient or adequate. Therefore, more efficient interventions are required to diminish the substantial burden of the disease. The present study aimed to assess the potential therapeutic value of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or taurine supplementation in CP-induced, using intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. Forty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups (9 rats each): 1) control group, 2) CP group, 3) CP+BMSCs, 4) CP+Taurine, and 5) CP+BMSCs+Taurine. At the end of the experimental period, the pancreatic tissues were collected, weighed, and prepared for light, electron, and immunohistochemical (α-SMA) microscopic examination. The CP group showed destruction of the pancreatic tissues including fatty degeneration, minimal zymogen granules, and focal degranulation of the rER. Some of the islets degenerated with intense immunoreactivity of α-SMA in the stroma. The groups treated with BMSCs or taurine alone showed improvement of the pancreatic architecture with the presence of some cytoplasmic vacuolation, fewer zymogen granules than the control group, and minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate. The CP+BMSCs+Taurine group showed apparently normal architecture. The combined therapy of both BMSCs and taurine could ameliorate CP progression by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis.
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