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Transnational Associational Life and Political Mobilization of Ecuadorians and Argentines in Spain and Italy: What Role for Sending State Policies? 厄瓜多尔人和阿根廷人在西班牙和意大利的跨国交往生活和政治动员:派遣国政策的作用?
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.254
A. Margheritis
Abstract:To what extent and how can sending states encourage migrant organizational efforts and transnational political engagements? This study addresses this question for the cases of Ecuadorians and Argentines in Spain and Italy. The findings show that both sending states have recently innovated, reaching out to citizens abroad through a similar combination of policy instruments: rhetorical changes, institutional developments, enfranchisement, and linkage programs. The scope, intensity, and results of outreach efforts differ not only across migrant communities but also localities, suggesting the need to explore factors such as domestic and intrastate politics, migrants' socioeconomic and educational profile and perceptions of state institutions, spatial distance, and the type of private-public policy networks at migrant destinations. The conclusions indicate that states have been relatively effective in tapping into migrants' symbolic and emotional attachments to the homeland, but they have obtained meager results in terms of grounding such attachment in strong organizations, persistent transnational political engagement, and partnership links. The modality of policy implementation resulted in a sporadic and "sentimental" political mobilization of both Ecuadorian and Argentine emigrant communities, which still confront serious organizational problems and remain far from working as strong influential groups at home or ethnic lobbies in receiving countries.
摘要:移民输出国在多大程度上以及如何鼓励移民组织努力和跨国政治参与?本研究针对厄瓜多尔人和阿根廷人在西班牙和意大利的情况解决了这个问题。调查结果表明,这两个派遣国最近都进行了创新,通过类似的政策工具组合来接触海外公民:修辞变化、制度发展、选举权和联系项目。外延工作的范围、强度和结果不仅因移民社区而异,也因地区而异,这表明有必要探索国内和州内政治、移民的社会经济和教育状况以及对国家机构的看法、空间距离以及移民目的地公私政策网络类型等因素。结论表明,各国在挖掘移民对祖国的象征和情感依恋方面相对有效,但在将这种依恋根植于强大的组织、持久的跨国政治参与和伙伴关系方面,它们取得的成果甚微。政策执行的方式导致厄瓜多尔和阿根廷移民社区进行零星和"感情用事"的政治动员,这些社区仍然面临严重的组织问题,远远不能在国内成为有影响力的团体或在接收国成为族裔游说团体。
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引用次数: 6
Connection without Engagement: Paradoxes of North American Armenian Return Migration 没有接触的联系:北美亚美尼亚返回移民的悖论
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.147
Daniel Fittante
Abstract:Return migration from the diaspora to the ancestral homeland has emerged as an important sub-field within migration studies. The scholarship has introduced new ways of understanding migratory trajectories by exploring the roles of migrants' ethnicity and imagination and has identified novel ways of unpacking migratory patterns whose motivations are not centered on economic mobility. But the scholarship has introduced a paradox by documenting both returnees' ethnic and sentimental motivations and the unexpected difficulties they encounter once they have settled in their perceived homelands. The current research project investigates the experiences of North American Armenians who have "returned" to Armenia. It seeks to extend the existing theoretical framework by demonstrating how ancestral returnees sustain a powerful feeling of connection to a country while simultaneously harboring a sense of disengagement from local practices.
摘要:从流散到祖先家园的回归移民已经成为移民研究的一个重要分支领域。该奖学金通过探索移民的种族和想象力的作用,引入了理解移民轨迹的新方法,并确定了揭示其动机不以经济流动为中心的移民模式的新方法。但这项奖学金引入了一个悖论,它既记录了返乡者的种族和情感动机,也记录了他们在自己的家园定居后遇到的意想不到的困难。目前的研究项目调查已“返回”亚美尼亚的北美亚美尼亚人的经历。它试图扩展现有的理论框架,证明祖籍返回者如何保持与一个国家的强烈联系感,同时又有一种脱离当地习俗的感觉。
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引用次数: 9
Imputing Diaspora: An Examination of Turkish Political Rhetoric in Germany 归咎侨民:对德国土耳其政治修辞的考察
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.170
C. Thibos
Abstract:In this article, I examine two different frames of diasporic identity found within the rhetoric of Turkish politicians when they address audiences in Germany. I analyze speeches given in 2011 by the then Turkish prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and leader of the opposition, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, during the fiftieth anniversary celebrations of Turkish labor migration to Germany. I argue that both wove narratives of identity that emphasized the continuing relevance of Turkey to the lives of expatriate Turks as well as their continued inclusion in Turkish society. I suggest that these were deliberate attempts to construct or maintain imagined communities of diasporic Turks as part of broader political projects. Such transnational reinterpretations of "domestic" issues constitute an understudied dimension of diasporic engagement and diasporic identity formation.
摘要:在本文中,我研究了土耳其政治家在德国演讲时所表达的两种不同的侨民身份框架。我分析了2011年时任土耳其总理雷杰普·塔伊普Erdoğan和反对派领袖凯末尔Kılıçdaroğlu在土耳其劳工移民德国50周年庆典上发表的演讲。我认为,两者都编织了身份叙事,强调了土耳其与外籍土耳其人生活的持续相关性,以及他们在土耳其社会中的持续包容性。我认为,这些都是有意构建或维持想象中的散居土耳其人社区,作为更广泛政治计划的一部分。这种对“国内”问题的跨国重新解释构成了散居参与和散居身份形成的一个未被充分研究的维度。
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引用次数: 1
Ancestral and Territorial Homelands: The Politics of the Indian Diaspora in Kenya 祖传和领土家园:印度侨民在肯尼亚的政治
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.329
G. Desai
Abstract:This is a review essay of Sana Aiyar's book Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora. I frame the discussion in the context not only of Indians in Kenya but also in other parts of Africa, particularly South Africa. The rhetoric of the clash of civilizations is introduced, and its implicit and explicit resonance in solidarities and tensions between Indians and Africans is discussed. After highlighting the many merits of Aiyar's account, I end with a call for a more explicit engagement with matters of gender and the role of women in this history.
摘要:本文是对萨那·艾亚尔的著作《印度人在肯尼亚:散居的政治》的一篇评论文章。我不仅在肯尼亚的印度人的背景下进行讨论,而且在非洲其他地区,特别是南非,也进行了讨论。介绍了文明冲突的修辞,并讨论了其在印度人和非洲人之间的团结和紧张关系中隐含和明确的共鸣。在强调了艾亚尔的叙述的诸多优点之后,我最后呼吁对性别问题和女性在这段历史中的作用进行更明确的探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Diaspora and the Poetics of "What?" in Fred Wah's Diamond Grill 后散居与“什么?”的诗学,出自华华的《钻石烧烤》
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.229
J. Rollins
Fred Wah's auto-/bio-fictional Diamond Grill (1996) is an accretion of narrative fragments with which Wah tells the story of his compound, multiethnic identity. Employing an interrogative strategy or a poetics of "What?" he raises a number of difficult questions regarding the contested nature of diasporas and diasporans. This paper examines the problems of identity foregrounded in Diamond Grill and outlines the advantages and liabilities of diaspora as a critical framework with which to address the slippery indeterminacy of Wah's narrative. This study concludes by proposing the inclusive, open-ended term "post-diaspora" as a useful alternative approach to the variety of identities that Wah explores in his writing.
《钻石烧烤》(Diamond Grill, 1996)是一部由自动/生物虚构作品组成的作品,是华的叙事片段的集合,华用它讲述了自己复杂的、多种族的身份。他采用了一种质疑的策略或“什么?”的诗学,提出了一些关于流散者和流散者的争议性的难题。本文考察了《钻石烧烤》中突出的身份问题,并概述了散居侨民作为解决华的叙事不确定性的关键框架的优点和缺点。本研究最后提出了一个包容性的、开放式的术语“后散居”,作为华在其著作中探索的各种身份的有用替代方法。
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引用次数: 2
Rethinking Diversity in Europe: Lessons from the New World 重新思考欧洲的多样性:来自新世界的教训
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.343
Olivia Sheringham
Abstract:Can creolization offer new ways of conceptualizing social and cultural transformations in contemporary Europe? And what are the implications of transferring a concept that is deeply rooted in the violent history of slavery and exploitation to new contexts and settings? Through an in-depth review of Creolizing Europe, this review article explores these questions among others. It is argued that, used with caution and in dialogue with other understandings of diversity, creolization can contribute to new and potentially radical ways of critically rethinking attitudes towards difference in Europe.
摘要:克里奥尔化能否为当代欧洲的社会和文化转型提供新的概念化途径?将一个深深植根于奴隶制和剥削的暴力历史的概念转移到新的背景和环境中,意味着什么?通过对克里奥尔化欧洲的深入回顾,这篇评论文章探讨了这些问题。有人认为,谨慎使用并与其他对多样性的理解进行对话,克里奥尔化可以有助于以新的和潜在的激进方式批判性地重新思考欧洲对差异的态度。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Constructions of Malaysian Indian Class Dynamics: K.S. Maniam's The Return and Preeta Samarasan's Evening Is the Whole Day 马来西亚印度阶级动态的比较建构:K.S. Maniam的《归来》和Preeta Samarasan的《夜晚是一整天》
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.312
S. Pillai, R. K. Shangeetha
Abstract:This article presents a glimpse into the literary writings emanating from a community that has, at best, remained at the margins of global South Asian diasporic literary scholarship: that of the Indian diaspora in Malaysia. It begins with a brief historical overview of the Malaysian Indian community together with an overview and cartography of Malaysian Indian writings. It then develops a comparative analysis of the representation of an issue quite central to Malaysian Indian identity politics, that of caste and class, in two novels: The Return by K.S. Maniam, an established Malaysian writer, and Evening Is the Whole Day by Preeta Samarasan, the newest writer to emerge from this community. The ultimate aim of this article is to show that if one steps closer to the canvas and look deeper at the representations of the community in literary texts that contextualize and individualize the Malaysian Indian experience, then intra-ethnic heterogeneity and conflicts within the diasporic community, as well as the forms of subaltern positioning, become visible, and they insistently reveal that such a community is as heterogeneous as its global counterparts.
摘要:本文介绍了一个在全球南亚流散文学研究中处于边缘地位的群体的文学作品:马来西亚的印度流散。它以马来西亚印第安人社区的简要历史概述以及马来西亚印第安人著作的概述和制图开始。然后,本文对马来西亚印度人身份政治的一个核心问题——种姓和阶级——在两部小说中的表现进行了比较分析:一部是马来西亚知名作家K.S. Maniam的《归来》,另一部是这个群体最新出现的作家Preeta Samarasan的《晚上就是一整天》。本文的最终目的是表明,如果一个人走近画布,更深入地观察文学文本中社区的表现,这些文学文本将马来西亚印度人的经历语境化和个体化,那么流散社区内部的种族异质性和冲突,以及次等定位的形式,就会变得清晰可见,它们不断地揭示出这样一个社区与全球同行一样是异质性的。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping Chinese Return Migration from New Zealand: A Quantitative Data Analysis from a Comparative Perspective 中国从新西兰返回的移民:一个比较视角下的定量数据分析
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.195
L. Liu, R. Didham, Jun Lu
Abstract:The People's Republic of China (PRC) has remained the second largest source for residence approvals in New Zealand since 1997. This large immigration flow also generated significant counterflow toward the homeland. Using data from Statistic New Zealand, this research analyzes the permanent and long-term (PLT) departure and arrival data of New Zealand for five migrant groups from the Asia-Pacific region (Korean, Indian, Chinese from the PRC, Chinese from Taiwan, and Pacific Islanders from Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa) in order to show some distinct features of return migration of the PRC migrants in terms of volume, age, and sex. It is suggested here that both the immigration and the return migration patterns of the PRC migrants are reflective not only of China's recent economic strength but also of New Zealand's positioning in the global migration system. The study of PRC return migration in the New Zealand context contributes to an understanding of the changing power relations between immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving countries.
摘要:自1997年以来,中国一直是新西兰第二大移民来源国。这种大规模的移民流动也产生了大量的回流。本文利用新西兰统计局的数据,分析了亚太地区5个移民群体(韩国人、印度人、中国大陆华人、台湾华人以及斐济、汤加和萨摩亚的太平洋岛民)在新西兰的永久和长期(PLT)离境和入境数据,以揭示中国移民在数量、年龄和性别方面的一些明显特征。本文认为,中国移民的移民和回流模式不仅反映了中国近期的经济实力,也反映了新西兰在全球移民体系中的定位。研究新西兰背景下的中国移民归国,有助于理解移民输出国和移民接受国之间权力关系的变化。
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引用次数: 0
The Homeland in the Literature and Music of Syrian-Lebanese Immigrants and their Descendants in Brazil 叙利亚-黎巴嫩移民及其后裔在巴西的文学和音乐中的家园
Pub Date : 2017-05-18 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.2-3.280
Robbie Moser, A. J. Racy
In this study, we examine the notion of homeland among Syrian-Lebanese immigrants and their descendants in Brazil, a community that for almost one hundred years has established a prominent presence in the host country and has undergone significant social, political, and economic transformation. As we investigate the representations of the homeland in the realms of literature and music across several generations, we seek a better understanding of how this community has perceived and interpreted the concepts of roots, or place of origin. While exploring Syrian-Lebanese cultural production in light of the broader discourses on immigration/diaspora, our research addresses the position of the homeland in the immigrants' experience, as well as their own history and life in the new world.
在本研究中,我们研究了叙利亚-黎巴嫩移民及其后裔在巴西的家园概念,这个社区在东道国建立了近一百年的突出存在,并经历了重大的社会、政治和经济转型。当我们在几代人的文学和音乐领域调查祖国的表现时,我们寻求更好地理解这个社区是如何感知和解释根源或起源的概念的。在探索叙利亚-黎巴嫩文化生产的同时,根据更广泛的关于移民/散居的话语,我们的研究解决了家园在移民经历中的地位,以及他们自己在新世界的历史和生活。
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引用次数: 3
Diaspora by Design?: Multiple Allegiances and Belonging in Contemporary Global Catholicism 设计侨民?当代全球天主教的多重忠诚与归属
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.3138/DIASPORA.19.1.04
Ester Gallo
The article explores the semantic and experiential meanings of diaspora within the context of global Catholicism. Drawing from research conducted in Italy, the United Kingdom, and Turkey with the reformist movement known as the Neocatechumenal Way (NCW), the analysis delves into the broader question of how the refashioning of global religions is transforming the relation between people, places, and belonging and is contributing to the emotional, practical, and organizational dimensions of diaspora. The discussion first delves into the role of new missionary subjects in cementing a new proximity between the world Catholic population and Mediterranean and Middle-Eastern holy centers of Catholicism. Second, it draws from current definitions of diaspora to consider how a diasporic identity is constructed by dispersed NCW communities in daily lives and rituals. The analysis goes beyond the dimensions of ethnicity and migration, and claims the need to reassert the importance of religious case studies in our understanding of contemporary diaspora. The case of the NCW holds relevance here, insofar as it unravels how a reformist movement, by gaining progressive institutionalization within the Catholic Church, is also undermining some of its consolidated features by creating renewed cartographies of religious belonging. The article argues that the traditional semantics of diaspora—those developed in religious paradigms—deserve renewed attention in the social sciences in order to map ongoing transformations in world religions, and the attendant shifting identifications that characterize even more institutionalized religions like Catholicism.
本文探讨了在全球天主教背景下散居的语义和经验意义。根据在意大利、英国和土耳其进行的被称为新天主教道路(NCW)的改革主义运动的研究,该分析深入探讨了更广泛的问题,即全球宗教的重塑如何改变人与人、地点和归属感之间的关系,并对侨民的情感、实践和组织层面做出贡献。讨论首先深入探讨了新的传教对象在巩固世界天主教徒与地中海和中东天主教神圣中心之间的新接近中的作用。其次,它借鉴了目前对散居侨民的定义,以考虑散居侨民身份是如何由分散的NCW社区在日常生活和仪式中构建的。分析超越了种族和移民的维度,并声称有必要重申宗教案例研究在我们理解当代侨民中的重要性。NCW的案例与此相关,因为它揭示了一场改革运动是如何通过在天主教会内部获得渐进式的制度化,同时通过创造新的宗教归属地图,破坏了天主教会的一些巩固特征。这篇文章认为,散居者的传统语义学——那些在宗教范式中发展起来的语义学——值得社会科学的重新关注,以便描绘世界宗教正在进行的转变,以及伴随而来的、以天主教等更制度化的宗教为特征的身份转移。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
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