Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597790
A. Fuchs, B. Kortschak, G. Holler, H. Wegleiter, G. Brasseur
This paper describes a combined measurement of material density and particle velocity for dense bulk solids flow in pipelines. The measurement is based on electrical capacitance tomography techniques, enhanced by an insertion of artificial disturbances upstream the capacitive sensor. Obtained material velocity and material density allow for the estimation of the mass flow even for totally homogenous material flow. The applicability of this principle for parameter estimation is discussed, presenting theoretical considerations as well as preliminary measurement results
{"title":"Flow property determination in homogeneous media by means of perturbation injection","authors":"A. Fuchs, B. Kortschak, G. Holler, H. Wegleiter, G. Brasseur","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a combined measurement of material density and particle velocity for dense bulk solids flow in pipelines. The measurement is based on electrical capacitance tomography techniques, enhanced by an insertion of artificial disturbances upstream the capacitive sensor. Obtained material velocity and material density allow for the estimation of the mass flow even for totally homogenous material flow. The applicability of this principle for parameter estimation is discussed, presenting theoretical considerations as well as preliminary measurement results","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"281 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127505875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597901
Á. Ágoston, E. Svasek, B. Jakoby
Recently a number of sensor principles for the online monitoring of lubrication oil in combustion engines have been investigated, where the utilized sensors aim at determining physical and chemical properties of the oil, which can be used as indicators for the deterioration of the oil. A crucial property of lubrication oil is its corrosiveness as it directly relates to the corrosive wear of engine parts. More than a decade ago, Japanese researchers proposed the utilization of resistive sensors, which would directly detect the corrosion of metallic parts. In our work, we investigate sensors utilizing the decomposition of metallic thin films in oil and relate their output to the oil's corrosive properties as characterized in a laboratory analysis (in particular its acidity and sulfur content). We report on the fabrication and testing of sensor prototypes employing copper thin films using oil samples from artificial aging tests in the laboratory
{"title":"A novel sensor monitoring corrosion effects of lubrication oil in an integrating manner","authors":"Á. Ágoston, E. Svasek, B. Jakoby","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597901","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a number of sensor principles for the online monitoring of lubrication oil in combustion engines have been investigated, where the utilized sensors aim at determining physical and chemical properties of the oil, which can be used as indicators for the deterioration of the oil. A crucial property of lubrication oil is its corrosiveness as it directly relates to the corrosive wear of engine parts. More than a decade ago, Japanese researchers proposed the utilization of resistive sensors, which would directly detect the corrosion of metallic parts. In our work, we investigate sensors utilizing the decomposition of metallic thin films in oil and relate their output to the oil's corrosive properties as characterized in a laboratory analysis (in particular its acidity and sulfur content). We report on the fabrication and testing of sensor prototypes employing copper thin films using oil samples from artificial aging tests in the laboratory","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127414528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597829
Z. Fan, J.G. Lu
Zinc oxide nanowires were configured as n-channel field-effect transistors. These transistors were implemented as chemical sensors for detection of various gases. The ammonia sensing behavior of nanowires was observed to switch from oxidizing to reducing when temperature increased from 300 to 500 K. This effect is attributed to the temperature dependent chemical potential shift. Carbon monoxide was found to increase the nanowire conductance in the presence of oxygen. In addition, nanowire detection sensitivity dependence on the diameter was investigated
{"title":"Chemical sensing with ZnO nanowires","authors":"Z. Fan, J.G. Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597829","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanowires were configured as n-channel field-effect transistors. These transistors were implemented as chemical sensors for detection of various gases. The ammonia sensing behavior of nanowires was observed to switch from oxidizing to reducing when temperature increased from 300 to 500 K. This effect is attributed to the temperature dependent chemical potential shift. Carbon monoxide was found to increase the nanowire conductance in the presence of oxygen. In addition, nanowire detection sensitivity dependence on the diameter was investigated","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132761007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597642
J. Frutos, D. Vernier, F. Bastien, M. de Labachelerie, Y. Bailly
A large displacement electrostatic valve has been designed and realized for a realistic turbulent boundary layer control. This actuator consists of a pair of rigid electrodes and a flexible film having a S-shape providing local high electrostatic forces required for controling rather large pressure differences. The aim is the reattachment of the boundary layer near an aircraft flap trailing edge by transferring momentum energy via high speed pulsated micro air jets. The valve controls the frequency and the speed of the micro jets. An array of fifteen actuators has been manufactured and characterized by particles images velocimetry (PIV) and hot wire anemometry (HWA). The devices are able to control pressure differences up to 27 kPa with a supply voltage of 400 V. For this maximum pressure, the corresponding jet velocity downstream a 45 degree skew micro orifice (0.4 mm diameter) is close to 100 ms-1
{"title":"An electrostatically actuated valve for turbulent boundary layer control","authors":"J. Frutos, D. Vernier, F. Bastien, M. de Labachelerie, Y. Bailly","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597642","url":null,"abstract":"A large displacement electrostatic valve has been designed and realized for a realistic turbulent boundary layer control. This actuator consists of a pair of rigid electrodes and a flexible film having a S-shape providing local high electrostatic forces required for controling rather large pressure differences. The aim is the reattachment of the boundary layer near an aircraft flap trailing edge by transferring momentum energy via high speed pulsated micro air jets. The valve controls the frequency and the speed of the micro jets. An array of fifteen actuators has been manufactured and characterized by particles images velocimetry (PIV) and hot wire anemometry (HWA). The devices are able to control pressure differences up to 27 kPa with a supply voltage of 400 V. For this maximum pressure, the corresponding jet velocity downstream a 45 degree skew micro orifice (0.4 mm diameter) is close to 100 ms-1","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122217385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688
J. Park, D.-W. Lee, U. Gysin, S. Rast, E. Meyer, M. Despont, C. Gerber
We have proposed a fabrication method of the ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever and evaluated their mechanical properties under several conditions. A spring constant of the fabricated cantilever was less than 0.0001 N/m and minimum detectable force was around 10-16 N at room temperature. With them, we performed the measurement of the vacuum dependent and temperature dependent. First the change of a quality factor was measured as a function of vacuum. A big increase of the quality factor is observed in a range of 1 to 0.1 Pa. The quality factor these cantilever are very high (Q=68840+/-1184) in a high vacuum. In the second experiment we measured the temperature dependent of the resonance frequency and the internal friction. By decreasing the operating temperature, the resonance frequency is slightly increased due to the change of Young's modules. The internal friction is observed the minimum at 20K and the maximum at 160K. The best sensitivity is achieved at 20K, where a factor of 10 is compared to room temperature
{"title":"Fabrication of ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever for magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"J. Park, D.-W. Lee, U. Gysin, S. Rast, E. Meyer, M. Despont, C. Gerber","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed a fabrication method of the ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever and evaluated their mechanical properties under several conditions. A spring constant of the fabricated cantilever was less than 0.0001 N/m and minimum detectable force was around 10-16 N at room temperature. With them, we performed the measurement of the vacuum dependent and temperature dependent. First the change of a quality factor was measured as a function of vacuum. A big increase of the quality factor is observed in a range of 1 to 0.1 Pa. The quality factor these cantilever are very high (Q=68840+/-1184) in a high vacuum. In the second experiment we measured the temperature dependent of the resonance frequency and the internal friction. By decreasing the operating temperature, the resonance frequency is slightly increased due to the change of Young's modules. The internal friction is observed the minimum at 20K and the maximum at 160K. The best sensitivity is achieved at 20K, where a factor of 10 is compared to room temperature","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597893
Yi Zhang, C. Gu, A. Schwartzberg, J.Z. Zhang
Fiber SERS probes have great potential in chemical and biological sensing. To our knowledge, there has been no demonstration of any single-fiber SERS probes where both the excitation beam and SERS signals are transmitted through the same fiber with a significant length, which is required for a flexible probe. In this paper, we report our proof-of-concept demonstration of a single-fiber SERS probe with a 1 m long fiber. We demonstrate various configurations of the fiber probe, where the SERS substrate is coated on either a side-polished or end-polished fiber surface. While the side-polished fibers provide a large platform for signal generation, the end polished fibers are easy to manipulate and can transmit SERS signals back through the fiber. In our experiments, we have successfully detected SERS signals both at the end where the fiber is polished and coated with the SERS substrate and at the end where the excitation light is coupled into the fiber, using R6G as a testing sample
{"title":"Single-fiber probe based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)","authors":"Yi Zhang, C. Gu, A. Schwartzberg, J.Z. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597893","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber SERS probes have great potential in chemical and biological sensing. To our knowledge, there has been no demonstration of any single-fiber SERS probes where both the excitation beam and SERS signals are transmitted through the same fiber with a significant length, which is required for a flexible probe. In this paper, we report our proof-of-concept demonstration of a single-fiber SERS probe with a 1 m long fiber. We demonstrate various configurations of the fiber probe, where the SERS substrate is coated on either a side-polished or end-polished fiber surface. While the side-polished fibers provide a large platform for signal generation, the end polished fibers are easy to manipulate and can transmit SERS signals back through the fiber. In our experiments, we have successfully detected SERS signals both at the end where the fiber is polished and coated with the SERS substrate and at the end where the excitation light is coupled into the fiber, using R6G as a testing sample","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"2 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131166394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597741
Heng Huang, C. Fu
This paper presented a novel method for the fabrication of out-of-plane hollow polymer micro-needle arrays. This method of the fabrication combined two different back-side exposure procedures was able to produce hollow micro needles with a nearly vertical internal wall and a tapered outside wall by one lithography step. Micro-fluidic channels can be integrated with the needle array by this approach simultaneously. The arrays are able to fabricate on a flexible membrane such as PDMS for compliant applications. Different types of the needles had been successfully realized and demonstrated in this paper
{"title":"Out-of-plane polymer hollow micro needle array integrated on a microfluidic chip","authors":"Heng Huang, C. Fu","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597741","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented a novel method for the fabrication of out-of-plane hollow polymer micro-needle arrays. This method of the fabrication combined two different back-side exposure procedures was able to produce hollow micro needles with a nearly vertical internal wall and a tapered outside wall by one lithography step. Micro-fluidic channels can be integrated with the needle array by this approach simultaneously. The arrays are able to fabricate on a flexible membrane such as PDMS for compliant applications. Different types of the needles had been successfully realized and demonstrated in this paper","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597820
A. Wixted, D. Thiel, D. James, A. Hahn, C. Gore, D. Pyne
Fitness development of elite athletes requires an understanding of physiological factors such as athlete energy expenditure (EE). For athletes involved in football at the elite level, it is necessary to understand the energy demands during competition to develop training regimes. By identifying an appropriate EE estimator in triaxial accelerometer data, in conjunction with identifying sources of inter-athlete variance in that estimator, signal processing was developed to extract the estimator. In this system, low-power signal processing was implemented to extract both the EE estimator and other information of physiological and statistical interest
{"title":"Signal processing for estimating energy expenditure of elite athletes using triaxial accelerometers","authors":"A. Wixted, D. Thiel, D. James, A. Hahn, C. Gore, D. Pyne","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597820","url":null,"abstract":"Fitness development of elite athletes requires an understanding of physiological factors such as athlete energy expenditure (EE). For athletes involved in football at the elite level, it is necessary to understand the energy demands during competition to develop training regimes. By identifying an appropriate EE estimator in triaxial accelerometer data, in conjunction with identifying sources of inter-athlete variance in that estimator, signal processing was developed to extract the estimator. In this system, low-power signal processing was implemented to extract both the EE estimator and other information of physiological and statistical interest","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134148726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597756
U. Buder, A. Berns, E. Obermeier, R. Petz, W. Nitsche
Design, simulation, manufacturing, calibration, and basic characterization of a MEMS wall hot-wire anemometer is presented. A highly sensitive nickel thin film resistor spanning a reactive ion etched cavity in a polyimide foil is employed. This sensor is the first in literature to feature both a thermally insulating cavity and a flexible base material. The polyimide base material allows adopting of the sensor to aerodynamic surfaces, e.g. airfoils and turbine blades. A mismatch of curvature of aerodynamic surface and silicon sensor surface, as observed with previously presented MEMS hot-wire anemometers, is avoided. The combination of polyimide's low thermal conductivity and a cavity featuring FEM-optimized dimensions accounts for a very low power consumption (<30 mW). Fluctuations in wall shear stress up to 80 kHz can be resolved in constant-temperature mode. An average sensitivity of 0.44 V/(N/m2) is achieved in a wall shear stress range from 0 to 0.25 N/m2
{"title":"AeroMEMS wall hot-wire anemometer on polyimide foil for measurement of high frequency fluctuations","authors":"U. Buder, A. Berns, E. Obermeier, R. Petz, W. Nitsche","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597756","url":null,"abstract":"Design, simulation, manufacturing, calibration, and basic characterization of a MEMS wall hot-wire anemometer is presented. A highly sensitive nickel thin film resistor spanning a reactive ion etched cavity in a polyimide foil is employed. This sensor is the first in literature to feature both a thermally insulating cavity and a flexible base material. The polyimide base material allows adopting of the sensor to aerodynamic surfaces, e.g. airfoils and turbine blades. A mismatch of curvature of aerodynamic surface and silicon sensor surface, as observed with previously presented MEMS hot-wire anemometers, is avoided. The combination of polyimide's low thermal conductivity and a cavity featuring FEM-optimized dimensions accounts for a very low power consumption (<30 mW). Fluctuations in wall shear stress up to 80 kHz can be resolved in constant-temperature mode. An average sensitivity of 0.44 V/(N/m2) is achieved in a wall shear stress range from 0 to 0.25 N/m2","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132079007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597632
Yuyan Zhang, S. Tadigadapa
A new and independent method to investigate biological reactions and their products based upon the accurate and real-time measurement of the thermal conductivity of the reacting samples is presented. A micromachined thermopile based thermal sensor integrated with a planar heater and microfluidic channel has been fabricated for these measurements. The device was calibrated by measuring the thermal conductivity of standard fluids such as DI water and isopropyl alcohol. The calibrated device was then used to measure the thermal properties of biological molecules such as glucose, urea, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Human Fibrinogen (HF), their antibodies, and the bound product. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the observation of the real-time monitoring of antibody-antigen binding based on the change in the thermal properties of the reacting fluids
{"title":"A novel immunosensing technique based on the thermal properties of biochemicals","authors":"Yuyan Zhang, S. Tadigadapa","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597632","url":null,"abstract":"A new and independent method to investigate biological reactions and their products based upon the accurate and real-time measurement of the thermal conductivity of the reacting samples is presented. A micromachined thermopile based thermal sensor integrated with a planar heater and microfluidic channel has been fabricated for these measurements. The device was calibrated by measuring the thermal conductivity of standard fluids such as DI water and isopropyl alcohol. The calibrated device was then used to measure the thermal properties of biological molecules such as glucose, urea, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Human Fibrinogen (HF), their antibodies, and the bound product. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the observation of the real-time monitoring of antibody-antigen binding based on the change in the thermal properties of the reacting fluids","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133776846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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