Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688
J. Park, D.-W. Lee, U. Gysin, S. Rast, E. Meyer, M. Despont, C. Gerber
We have proposed a fabrication method of the ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever and evaluated their mechanical properties under several conditions. A spring constant of the fabricated cantilever was less than 0.0001 N/m and minimum detectable force was around 10-16 N at room temperature. With them, we performed the measurement of the vacuum dependent and temperature dependent. First the change of a quality factor was measured as a function of vacuum. A big increase of the quality factor is observed in a range of 1 to 0.1 Pa. The quality factor these cantilever are very high (Q=68840+/-1184) in a high vacuum. In the second experiment we measured the temperature dependent of the resonance frequency and the internal friction. By decreasing the operating temperature, the resonance frequency is slightly increased due to the change of Young's modules. The internal friction is observed the minimum at 20K and the maximum at 160K. The best sensitivity is achieved at 20K, where a factor of 10 is compared to room temperature
{"title":"Fabrication of ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever for magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"J. Park, D.-W. Lee, U. Gysin, S. Rast, E. Meyer, M. Despont, C. Gerber","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597688","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed a fabrication method of the ultrafloppy single-crystal silicon cantilever and evaluated their mechanical properties under several conditions. A spring constant of the fabricated cantilever was less than 0.0001 N/m and minimum detectable force was around 10-16 N at room temperature. With them, we performed the measurement of the vacuum dependent and temperature dependent. First the change of a quality factor was measured as a function of vacuum. A big increase of the quality factor is observed in a range of 1 to 0.1 Pa. The quality factor these cantilever are very high (Q=68840+/-1184) in a high vacuum. In the second experiment we measured the temperature dependent of the resonance frequency and the internal friction. By decreasing the operating temperature, the resonance frequency is slightly increased due to the change of Young's modules. The internal friction is observed the minimum at 20K and the maximum at 160K. The best sensitivity is achieved at 20K, where a factor of 10 is compared to room temperature","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597883
C. Tsai, Y.L. Song, S. Tsai, Y. Chou, J. Cheng
This paper reports for the first time on successful atomization and pumping using microfabricated silicon-based high frequency ultrasonic nozzles of a novel design. The nozzle is made of a piezoelectric drive section with transducers isolated from the liquid and a silicon-resonator consisting of multiple Fourier horns with a central channel for liquid flow. Such nozzles possess a number of advantages over conventional metal-based bulk-type ultrasonic nozzles such as microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-based microfabrication technology for mass production, much higher ultrasonic frequency and thus much smaller drop diameter, much narrower drop-size distribution, and much lower electric drive power requirement. Monodispersed droplets (mist) are produced at the resonance frequency due to pure capillary wave atomization mechanism. For example, more than 93% of the droplets 7.0 mum in diameter were produced at ultrasonic resonance frequency of 484.5 kHz. Pumping is also achieved at the resonance frequency as in atomization
{"title":"Silicon-based high-frequency multiple-Fourier horn ultrasonic nozzles for atomization and pumping","authors":"C. Tsai, Y.L. Song, S. Tsai, Y. Chou, J. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597883","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports for the first time on successful atomization and pumping using microfabricated silicon-based high frequency ultrasonic nozzles of a novel design. The nozzle is made of a piezoelectric drive section with transducers isolated from the liquid and a silicon-resonator consisting of multiple Fourier horns with a central channel for liquid flow. Such nozzles possess a number of advantages over conventional metal-based bulk-type ultrasonic nozzles such as microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-based microfabrication technology for mass production, much higher ultrasonic frequency and thus much smaller drop diameter, much narrower drop-size distribution, and much lower electric drive power requirement. Monodispersed droplets (mist) are produced at the resonance frequency due to pure capillary wave atomization mechanism. For example, more than 93% of the droplets 7.0 mum in diameter were produced at ultrasonic resonance frequency of 484.5 kHz. Pumping is also achieved at the resonance frequency as in atomization","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115343965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597891
Yufeng Dong, M. Kraft, W. Redman-White
Previous work on sigma delta (SigmaDelta) interfaces for micromachined vibratory gyroscopes were based on lowpass SigmaDelta modulators. However, for a lowpass SigmaDelta interface the signal band is a relatively small fraction of the sampling frequency fs , which increases the noise aliasing and result in a relatively high noise floor in the signal band. Due to the characteristic of narrowband amplitude-modulated signals of vibratory rate gyroscopes, a bandpass SigmaDelta interface is more attractive. A bandpass SigmaDelta interface is superior as it is relatively immune to 1/f noise compared to a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. To achieve a similar noise floor with a given oversampling ratio (OSR), the sampling frequency of a bandpass SigmaDelta interface can be much lower than that of a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. Furthermore, some high order SigmaDelta loop topologies have favorable noise shaping characteristics for electronic noise originating from the pickoff circuit and signal anti-aliasing. Therefore, the requirements for the electronic circuits can be considerably relaxed
{"title":"High Order Bandpass Sigma Delta Interface for Vibratory Gyroscopes","authors":"Yufeng Dong, M. Kraft, W. Redman-White","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597891","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work on sigma delta (SigmaDelta) interfaces for micromachined vibratory gyroscopes were based on lowpass SigmaDelta modulators. However, for a lowpass SigmaDelta interface the signal band is a relatively small fraction of the sampling frequency fs , which increases the noise aliasing and result in a relatively high noise floor in the signal band. Due to the characteristic of narrowband amplitude-modulated signals of vibratory rate gyroscopes, a bandpass SigmaDelta interface is more attractive. A bandpass SigmaDelta interface is superior as it is relatively immune to 1/f noise compared to a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. To achieve a similar noise floor with a given oversampling ratio (OSR), the sampling frequency of a bandpass SigmaDelta interface can be much lower than that of a lowpass SigmaDelta interface. Furthermore, some high order SigmaDelta loop topologies have favorable noise shaping characteristics for electronic noise originating from the pickoff circuit and signal anti-aliasing. Therefore, the requirements for the electronic circuits can be considerably relaxed","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115233692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597791
A. Nishitani, Y. Nishida, H. Mizoguch
Rapid construction of the human activity observation system at low cost is necessary with respect to research into human activities and commercialization. The authors have developed an ultrasonic 3D tag system that uses ultrasonic transmitters/receivers for observing human activities. The newly developed system monitors the positions of objects to which transmitters are attached. The ultrasonic 3D tag system can be installed in a wide variety of environments, but the time and the installation cost required to install the numerous required receivers are prohibitive. Therefore, the present authors developed an omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor. The omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor is useful because the number of sensors to be attached can be reduced. The present paper proposes an omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor and reports its feasibility
{"title":"Omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor","authors":"A. Nishitani, Y. Nishida, H. Mizoguch","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597791","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid construction of the human activity observation system at low cost is necessary with respect to research into human activities and commercialization. The authors have developed an ultrasonic 3D tag system that uses ultrasonic transmitters/receivers for observing human activities. The newly developed system monitors the positions of objects to which transmitters are attached. The ultrasonic 3D tag system can be installed in a wide variety of environments, but the time and the installation cost required to install the numerous required receivers are prohibitive. Therefore, the present authors developed an omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor. The omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor is useful because the number of sensors to be attached can be reduced. The present paper proposes an omnidirectional ultrasonic location sensor and reports its feasibility","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123373718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597915
S. Prakash, P. Abshire
We describe a CMOS capacitance sensor for measuring the capacitive behavior of living cells in a culture environment, in the presence of weak electric fields. The underlying physical phenomenon results primarily from polarization of the ionic cloud surrounding the cell in aqueous medium. The measured capacitance depends on a variety of factors including cell morphology, membrane integrity, medium pH and extra cellular ionic concentration and serves as an indicator of cell health. The capacitance sensor uses the principle of charge sharing and maps sensed capacitance values to voltages. The sensor chip has been fabricated in a commercially available 0.5 mum, 2-poly 3-metal CMOS technology. The sensors have been successfully used for long term monitoring of cell viability in vitro
{"title":"A CMOS capacitance sensor that monitors cell viability","authors":"S. Prakash, P. Abshire","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597915","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a CMOS capacitance sensor for measuring the capacitive behavior of living cells in a culture environment, in the presence of weak electric fields. The underlying physical phenomenon results primarily from polarization of the ionic cloud surrounding the cell in aqueous medium. The measured capacitance depends on a variety of factors including cell morphology, membrane integrity, medium pH and extra cellular ionic concentration and serves as an indicator of cell health. The capacitance sensor uses the principle of charge sharing and maps sensed capacitance values to voltages. The sensor chip has been fabricated in a commercially available 0.5 mum, 2-poly 3-metal CMOS technology. The sensors have been successfully used for long term monitoring of cell viability in vitro","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124291846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597868
P. Kaspersen, O. Bjoroey, I. Linnerud, V. Avetisov
Gas analyzers for industrial applications must have high reliability and require little maintenance. Analyzers for in situ measurements using tuneable diode laser spectroscopy in the near infrared have proven to meet these requirements. A brief description of the measurement principle and the LaserGas II analyzer is given. Some examples of practical industrial applications where this measurement technique is superior to most other techniques are presented
{"title":"Practical industrial applications of TDL analyzers","authors":"P. Kaspersen, O. Bjoroey, I. Linnerud, V. Avetisov","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597868","url":null,"abstract":"Gas analyzers for industrial applications must have high reliability and require little maintenance. Analyzers for in situ measurements using tuneable diode laser spectroscopy in the near infrared have proven to meet these requirements. A brief description of the measurement principle and the LaserGas II analyzer is given. Some examples of practical industrial applications where this measurement technique is superior to most other techniques are presented","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121700420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597946
S. Chinnayelka, M. Mcshane
This paper demonstrates a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (RET) sensor system, wherein a competitive binding (CB) assay is encapsulated into microcapsules. For CB approaches intended as smart tattoos, microcapsules are superior to hydrogel microparticle systems, as they provide space in the capsule interior for the free movement of the sensing elements while maintaining constant sensing assay concentration. Previously-developed CB glucose sensors suffer from toxicity, nonspecificity, lack of efficient encapsulation technology, and poor reversibility. To overcome some of these limitations, apo-glucose-oxidase (AG) was used as a glucose binding protein and was entrapped in polyelectrolyte microcapsules. The glucose-sensitive change in RET of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and tetramethylrhodamine isothio-cyanate (TRITC)-AG entrapped in microcapsules showed 5times more specificity towards glucose over other sugars, with a sensitivity of 0.035units/mM in the range of 0-40mM. These response characteristics appear to be suitable for glucose monitoring in diabetic patients
{"title":"Competitive binding assays in microcapsules as \"smart tattoo\" biosensors","authors":"S. Chinnayelka, M. Mcshane","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (RET) sensor system, wherein a competitive binding (CB) assay is encapsulated into microcapsules. For CB approaches intended as smart tattoos, microcapsules are superior to hydrogel microparticle systems, as they provide space in the capsule interior for the free movement of the sensing elements while maintaining constant sensing assay concentration. Previously-developed CB glucose sensors suffer from toxicity, nonspecificity, lack of efficient encapsulation technology, and poor reversibility. To overcome some of these limitations, apo-glucose-oxidase (AG) was used as a glucose binding protein and was entrapped in polyelectrolyte microcapsules. The glucose-sensitive change in RET of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and tetramethylrhodamine isothio-cyanate (TRITC)-AG entrapped in microcapsules showed 5times more specificity towards glucose over other sugars, with a sensitivity of 0.035units/mM in the range of 0-40mM. These response characteristics appear to be suitable for glucose monitoring in diabetic patients","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121705401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597957
J.M. Cones, J. Bravo, F. Arregui, I. Matías
In this work, an indirect method for the detection of voltage unbalance in electrical engines using an optical fiber sensor is presented. The in-line fiber etalon structure has been designed and used to detect 0-5% voltage unbalances in the frequency range up to 500 Hz. The interferometric sensing mechanism of the sensor allows a high sensitivity with the additional advantages of EMI immunity and high dielectric isolation. In order to prove this claim, a 1.5 kW squirrel cage induction motor is unbalanced and its vibration analyzed. It is shown that a precise unbalance factor can be detected without accessing to the electric part of the machine and an accurate monitoring can be obtained using the analysis proposed. This scheme can be applied to reduce the oscillating electromagnetic torque, power losses and temperature rise due to unbalance, and leading to a higher efficiency and the extension of the life of the machine
{"title":"Unbalance Detection in Electrical Engines Using an In-Line Fiber Etalon","authors":"J.M. Cones, J. Bravo, F. Arregui, I. Matías","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597957","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an indirect method for the detection of voltage unbalance in electrical engines using an optical fiber sensor is presented. The in-line fiber etalon structure has been designed and used to detect 0-5% voltage unbalances in the frequency range up to 500 Hz. The interferometric sensing mechanism of the sensor allows a high sensitivity with the additional advantages of EMI immunity and high dielectric isolation. In order to prove this claim, a 1.5 kW squirrel cage induction motor is unbalanced and its vibration analyzed. It is shown that a precise unbalance factor can be detected without accessing to the electric part of the machine and an accurate monitoring can be obtained using the analysis proposed. This scheme can be applied to reduce the oscillating electromagnetic torque, power losses and temperature rise due to unbalance, and leading to a higher efficiency and the extension of the life of the machine","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122060970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597764
F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak
We have developed Markov chain-based techniques for infield modeling the missing and faulty data for the widely used MICA2 sensor motes. These models help designers of sensor nodes and sensor networks to gain insights into the behavior of any particular sensor platform. The models also enable users of sensor networks to collect high integrity data from the deployed networks in a more efficient and reliable way. The new approach for development and validation of faults and missing data has two phases. In the first phase, we conduct exploratory analysis of data traces collected from the deployed sensor networks. In the second phase, we use the density estimation-based procedure to derive semi Markov models that best capture the patterns and statistics of missing and faulty data in the analyzed sensor data streams. We have applied the fault detection and missing data modeling procedure on light, temperature and humidity sensors on MICA2 motes in sensor networks deployed in office space and natural habitats. The technical highlight of the research presented in this paper include: (i) exploratory data analysis and studying the properties of the sensor data streams; and (ii) adoption of a new class of semi Markov-chain models for capturing and predicting missing and faulty data in actual data trace streams
{"title":"Markov chain-based models for missing and faulty data in MICA2 sensor motes","authors":"F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597764","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed Markov chain-based techniques for infield modeling the missing and faulty data for the widely used MICA2 sensor motes. These models help designers of sensor nodes and sensor networks to gain insights into the behavior of any particular sensor platform. The models also enable users of sensor networks to collect high integrity data from the deployed networks in a more efficient and reliable way. The new approach for development and validation of faults and missing data has two phases. In the first phase, we conduct exploratory analysis of data traces collected from the deployed sensor networks. In the second phase, we use the density estimation-based procedure to derive semi Markov models that best capture the patterns and statistics of missing and faulty data in the analyzed sensor data streams. We have applied the fault detection and missing data modeling procedure on light, temperature and humidity sensors on MICA2 motes in sensor networks deployed in office space and natural habitats. The technical highlight of the research presented in this paper include: (i) exploratory data analysis and studying the properties of the sensor data streams; and (ii) adoption of a new class of semi Markov-chain models for capturing and predicting missing and faulty data in actual data trace streams","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120963210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-31DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597885
K. Hou, Chih-Hsiung Shen
In this paper, a novel architecture of a thermopile array imager for high speed target's position identification is presented. The sensor array fully integrated in CMOS standard technology, features pixel access and in a particular topology also position detection. According to the description given, with larger absorbing area of floating membrane and therefore less thermal conductance per pixel, is used for the quick estimation of the rough values for spot position and intensity. The winner-take-all (WTA) circuit is used in combination with readout circuit for determining which of the 16 times 16 pixels have received the largest amount of infrared radiation. It is a parallel structure of 16 times 16 cells connected to a common control line. The results obtained so far have shown that integrated thermopile array have reached a high level of development and reliability that are suited for high accuracy infrared tracking applications
{"title":"A new architecture of thermopiles array with WTA implementation","authors":"K. Hou, Chih-Hsiung Shen","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597885","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel architecture of a thermopile array imager for high speed target's position identification is presented. The sensor array fully integrated in CMOS standard technology, features pixel access and in a particular topology also position detection. According to the description given, with larger absorbing area of floating membrane and therefore less thermal conductance per pixel, is used for the quick estimation of the rough values for spot position and intensity. The winner-take-all (WTA) circuit is used in combination with readout circuit for determining which of the 16 times 16 pixels have received the largest amount of infrared radiation. It is a parallel structure of 16 times 16 cells connected to a common control line. The results obtained so far have shown that integrated thermopile array have reached a high level of development and reliability that are suited for high accuracy infrared tracking applications","PeriodicalId":119985,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors, 2005.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129382119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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