European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

The xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) is widely used for keratinized mucosa augmentation around natural teeth and dental implants due to its consistent efficacy and the advantage of avoiding a second surgical site. However, the shrinkage rate of XCM after surgery exceeds 50%, which is not conducive to accurate preoperative design. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing XCM shrinkage.Fifteen participants with buccal keratinized tissue width (KTW) <2 mm around mandibular single implants underwent XCM-based KTW augmentation. Clinical parameters were recorded, and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected preoperatively and at 3-month follow-ups. Twenty cytokines in PICF were assessed using a commercial kit, with Spearman tests evaluating correlations between cytokines, clinical parameters, and shrinkage predictors.XCM significantly increased KTW from 1.39 ± 0.26 mm to 4.13 ± 1.19 mm at 3 months (p < 0.001), with a shrinkage rate of 60.12 ± 12%. The PICF showed significant decreases in C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), calprotectin (CLP), and keratin type II cytoskeletal 1 (K2C1) (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG) at 3 months (p < 0.05). Preoperative keratinized tissue thickness (KTT) and cathepsin K (CTSK), along with K2C1 at 3 months, correlated with XCM shrinkage.KTW augmentation alters cytokine expression. Thin preoperative KTT and high CTSK in PICF may predict high postoperative XCM shrinkage.Gingival phenotype significantly impacts XCM shrinkage after augmentation. PICF cytokine expression could serve as a predictive biomarker.The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, no. ChiCTR2500100933 (last updated on 17/04/2025).

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a plant of significant medical interest because of its abundance of bioactive compounds that exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Leaf extracts of M. oleifera are also rich in essential minerals and proteins, highlighting their potential as natural therapeutic agents for use in oral health care. Recent investigations have explored the efficacy of these extracts in the prevention of dental caries and the promotion of dental enamel remineralization. This review aimed to consolidate the current evidence regarding the role of M. oleifera in caries prevention and enamel remineralization potential, to provide a critical evaluation of the strengths and limitations of the current literature while offering insights into the plant's therapeutic prospects as a natural agent for use in caries prevention and enamel remineralization. The review was achieved through an extensive literature search conducted across the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The search was limited to original research articles, systematic reviews, and peer-reviewed publications written in English from 2005 to 2025. Letters to the editor, editorials, and case reports were excluded. While the preliminary findings indicated a promising therapeutic potential for M. oleifera in terms of preventing dental caries and promoting enamel remineralization, the existing literature is constrained by several limitations, including a lack of clinical trials, heterogeneity in the methodologies used, short study durations, and insufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, robust in vivo studies and collaborative efforts between researchers and clinicians are essential to facilitate the translation of laboratory findings regarding M. oleifera extracts into clinical dentistry applications.

The mechanical properties of 3D-printed dental resin materials are critical for their clinical success. Unfilled resin materials used in 3D printing for dental applications often exhibit reduced biaxial flexural strengths (BFSs) due to differences in material composition and printing processes. This article aims to evaluate and compare the BFS and fractographic characteristics of SLA-printed unfilled resin (UR) and composite (C) materials, and to identify factors influencing their mechanical properties.Two experimental groups were fabricated: an unfilled resin group (URG) and a leucite-reinforced composite group (CG; 35 wt% filler). The filler percentage is in an attempt to explore the possibility of slightly surpassing an already 3D printed 30 wt% ceramic composite concentrate-resin. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 20 per group) were printed using SLA and post-cured according to the manufacturer's recommendations. BFS was measured using the ball-on-ring test. Weibull analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess strength reliability and fracture features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the crystalline phase of the leucite filler against International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) standards. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons were conducted after confirming data normality and homogeneity of variances at p < 0.05.XRD analysis confirmed the presence of tetragonal potassium aluminum silicate (leucite) phase, aligning with ICDD reference codes. The mean BFS of the URG (228.83 MPa) was significantly higher than that of the CG (91.62 MPa). The URG exhibited brittle fracture with various hackle markings and minimal phase delamination, indicative of high flexibility and energy absorption due to increased TEGDMA ratio. The CG showed lower BFS values, with fractographic features such as porosities, minor filler particle agglomeration, and phase delamination due to settling filler particles. SEM images revealed a homogeneous distribution of filler particles in CG but also showed micro-cracks and voids that compromised its mechanical integrity. Weibull analysis revealed a higher Weibull modulus for URG (10.26) compared with CG (5.48), indicating more consistent mechanical performance.The URG showed significantly higher BFS than the CG, likely due to greater elastic deformation and energy absorption from its higher TEGDMA content. In contrast, the CG's lower BFS was linked to porosity and filler particle settling during printing. SEM analysis revealed challenges in achieving uniform filler distribution and adequate curing. Future studies should focus on optimizing filler properties, conversion rates, and incorporating nanofillers to enhance the flexural strength of 3D-printed dental composites.

Accurate space evaluation in malocclusion using arch length discrepancy (ALD) analysis is essential for effective orthodontic interceptive treatment during the mixed dentition (MD) phase and growth and development stage (GDS). The study aimed to analyze ALD using the Sitepu, Moyers, and Tanaka- Johnston methods and also the ALD measurement technique (brass wire and segmentation technique) in Surabayan children with Angle's Class I malocclusion during the MD and GDS.A total of 60 study models of Javanese children during MD and GDS at the Dental Hospital of Airlangga University were used based on the inclusion criteria. Cervical vertebral maturation stage was used to determine the GDS. Lateral cephalometry was investigated with Steiner's analysis < A point-nasion-B point to determine the skeletal malocclusion. ALD analysis was conducted based on the Moyers, Sitepu, and Tanaka-Johnston methods.There was significant difference in ALD for the maxillary arch (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in the mandibular arch (p > 0.05). There were significant differences between the Moyers and Sitepu methods in the maxillary arch (p < 0.05), but no significant difference between the Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston or Sitepu and Tanaka-Johnston methods (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the Moyers segmented and brass wire methods in the maxilla (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in the mandible (p > 0.05).The results of this MD and GDS study showed there were statistically significant differences in ALD among the Moyers, Sitepu, and Tanaka-Johnston methods for the maxilla, but not the mandibular arches.

To synthesize and characterize a novel self-adhesive bioactive and antibacterial dental composite with enhanced mechanical properties.All components were procured from Sigma Aldrich, United States. Commercially available Filtek Z250 and Nexcomp were used as control groups (C1 and C2, respectively). Four novel dental composite groups (C3, C4, C5, and C6) were prepared by mixing monomer solution and inorganic fillers (silica, chlorhexidine, MCPM, and β-TCP): in varying concentrations. The resulting dental composites were assessed for chemical, mechanical, and microscopic characterizations. Structural analysis and degree of conversion (DC) of prepared samples were evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the microscopic interface was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical characterizations included the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test and the shear bond strength (SBS) test. The obtained data were then analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe all the values for BFS, SBS, and DC. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test were used to compare the mean values. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.FTIR results showed a major alteration in DC by calculating the differences in unpolymerized and polymerized aliphatic (1,638 cm^-1) and aromatic (1,608 cm^-1) peaks. It was reduced due to the increased quantity of fillers. Commercial composite showed the least DC value, whereas C3 showed higher DC as compared to other novel composites. For BFS, all the groups showed statistically significant differences except C4, whereas SBS results showed an insignificant difference among all the groups. SEM images of the dentin composite interface showed that C1 and C2 composites were not properly bonded to the dentin. The novel dental composite (C3, C4, C5, and C6) showed good bonding with the dentin.The novel C3 dental composite showed high DC and BFS, whereas C4 had higher SBS but lower than C2. Moreover, effective bonding was achieved with C3 novel composite. It is crucial to optimize the monomer-to-filler ratio for the development of durable bioactive self-adhesive composites with antibacterial property.

This study aims to measure the effect of the lateral cutting efficiency of reciprocating and rotary NiTi files on the produced intracanal splitting forces (ICSF) during root canal preparation.Forty-eight mandibular anterior bovine teeth with straight roots were used to create 48 simulated premolar roots and 26 enamel-dentin disks. The required sample size was determined through power analysis conducted with G^*Power 3.1.9.7 software, utilizing data from preliminary studies. Based on a large effect size (0.8), significance level of 0.05, and statistical power of 80%, the analysis indicated a need for at least 21 specimens per group for splitting force evaluation and 10 specimens for cutting efficiency assessment. To maintain sufficient statistical power and accommodate possible sample attrition, the study employed 24 specimens per group for splitting force analysis and 13 specimens for cutting efficiency evaluation. The investigation examined two file systems with comparable heat treatment but distinct kinematics, geometries, and designs to assess the intracanal stress forces generated during preparation and their respective cutting abilities in dentin discs. The tested instruments were WaveOne-Gold (WOG) and Pro-Taper GOLD (PTG). Random allocation was performed using a computer-generated randomization sequence (Random.org). Specimens were numbered consecutively and assigned to groups using block randomization to ensure equal group sizes. Tests were carried out on a custom-made platform under automated conditions. The data collected by the force gauge is in newtons (N), and the cutting efficiency was calculated by measuring the depth of cut produced in dentin in mm. Data analysis was carried out with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way Anova.The splitting forces test was significantly higher in the PTG group (S1) file when compared to other PTG and WOG files. The force generated in WOG strokes presented an ascending manner as the file went deeper apically. The cutting efficiency of PTG (F2) was significantly higher than WOG's primary file. However, no significant correlation between splitting force and file cutting efficiency was detected.WOG single reciprocating file produced significantly lower splitting force values with significantly less aggressive dentin cutting compared to PTG multi-sequence rotary files. File design, kinematics, depth of strokes, and the maximum diameter of each file at the coronal third in relation to canal diameter may be influencing factors in generating splitting forces.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of nanoparticle saltwater fish powder on amelogenin expression and FABP-3 levels in fetal mice, with the goal of enhancing enamel density and supporting tooth mineralization. To date, this relationship has not been clearly explained in previous studies.This randomized experimental study involved 16 pregnant mice, divided into two groups: control and treatment. The treatment group received nanoparticle saltwater fish powder (2.14 mg/mL) orally three times daily, while the control group received distilled water. On gestational day 18, placental and fetal jaw tissues were collected. Amelogenin and FABP-3 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while enamel density was assessed using micro-computed tomography (µCT).Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and presented as mean ± SD. Group differences were tested using an independent t-test; results were considered significant at p < 0.05.IHC analysis revealed significantly increased amelogenin expression in the treatment group receiving nanoparticle saltwater fish powder (4.34 ± 3.26) compared to the control group (0.49 ± 0.40), with a p-value of 0.005. FABP-3 expression was also significantly higher in the treatment group (2.26 ± 0.85) than in the control (1.50 ± 0.40), with a p-value of 0.038. µCT imaging displayed differences in enamel density between the treatment group (228.73 ± 5.31) versus the control (220.75 ± 5.95), with a p-value of 0.022.Nanoparticle saltwater fish powder modulates amelogenin expression during enamel secretion and enhances FABP-3 expression, suggesting potential benefits for promoting enamel development through nutritional interventions. Moreover, µCT analysis revealed an increase in the mean enamel density.

Pediatric dental stress is a common barrier to effective treatment, often resulting in behavioral management challenges and long-term avoidance of dental care. Wearable technology, such as smart watches capable of measuring heart rate variability (HRV), may offer real-time, noninvasive tools to assess stress in clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate physiological stress responses in children undergoing different dental procedures by analyzing HRV across treatment phases.Eighty children aged 5 to 10 years (mean age = 7.2 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: dental hygiene, dental restorations with anesthesia, restorations without anesthesia, and sealant application. Stress levels were measured using Garmin smart watches that analyze HRV and convert the data into a stress score from 0 to 100. Stress was recorded at three time points-beginning, during, and end of the procedure-for a total of nine measurements per patient. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of treatment type and phase, along with post hoc tests and linear regression to assess age-related stress variation.While the type of treatment alone did not significantly influence stress levels, stress varied significantly across treatment phases (p = 0.0249), with a strong interaction between treatment and phase (p = 0.0004). Post hoc analyses revealed that dental hygiene led to a significant reduction in stress over time (p < 0.05), whereas restorations with anesthesia caused a significant increase in stress during the procedure (p = 0.0011). No significant changes were observed for restorations without anesthesia and sealant application. Age was inversely correlated with stress (p = 0.0003), although it explained only a small proportion of variance (R ² = 0.0527).The study confirms that pediatric dental stress is influenced by both the procedure type and the treatment phase. Smart watches represent a practical tool for monitoring stress in real time. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring behavior management strategies to the procedure and the patient's age, promoting individualized and stress-reducing approaches in pediatric dental care. From a clinical perspective, wearable stress monitoring can assist pediatric dentists in real-time identification of anxiety peaks, allowing timely behavioral adjustments and potentially improving treatment outcomes and patient cooperation.