Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献

Depression and anxiety cause substantial functional disabilities, and current treatments often have limited efficacy and notable adverse effects. Developing adjunctive therapies may help address these shortcomings. With established neuroprotective and antidepressant properties, citicoline may improve outcomes and minimize adverse effects. To assess citicoline as an adjuvant to bupropion in a lipopolysaccharide-induced model of depression and anxiety. Six-week-old male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were assigned to control or experimental groups receiving lipopolysaccharide alone or followed by daily bupropion (60 or 100 mg/kg), citicoline (25 or 75 mg/kg), or their combination. On Day 14, behavioral evaluations were performed in 8-week-old mice using the elevated plus maze, open field test, and forced swimming test, and hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were assessed. Coadministration of low-dose bupropion (60 mg/kg) with an otherwise ineffective dose of citicoline (25 mg/kg) significantly improved anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced swimming test and reduced hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide metabolites. These effects were consistently greater than those of bupropion (60 mg/kg) alone and were comparable or even superior to those achieved with the higher bupropion dose (100 mg/kg). Citicoline appears to positively potentiate bupropion's efficacy against depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models of these human disorders, at least in part through attenuation of neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes. These findings suggest a promising experimental strategy that may help guide future clinical studies, particularly for unresponsive individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Cannabis use has increased in parallel with college-aged individuals as recreational cannabis legalization increases. Temporal discounting studies with licit and illicit substances have shown that substance use frequency is positively associated with steeper discount rates. However, temporal discounting studies targeting cannabis use have shown either a small or no positive association between substance use frequency and discount rates. A previous social discounting study reported that current cannabis use participants showed significantly steeper discount rates relative to participants who self-reported no cannabis use. The present study extends those findings by focusing on current cannabis use participants to determine whether cannabis use frequency is correlated with decreased cannabis sharing. In addition, given the purported social nature of cannabis use, the present study examined associations between cannabis use frequency and self-report social use patterns. Eighty-nine college students self-reported current cannabis use rates via a cannabis engagement questionnaire and completed a social discounting task for cannabis. Results showed that cannabis use participants above the median (>4 cannabis use days in the past 30 days) shared significantly less hypothetical cannabis, relative to participants below the median (≤4 use days in the past 30 days). In addition, participants above the median were significantly less likely to self-report using cannabis "always or almost always with other people." These results extend previous findings that social discount rates are significantly associated with increased cannabis use within a social context. Implications for quantitative models assessing cannabis value and potential clinical diagnosis are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS)-repeated unwanted, intrusive anxiogenic thoughts and ritualistic distress-suppressing behaviors-are comorbid with persistent cigarette smoking. This clinical laboratory experiment tested a dual-mechanism conceptualization of OCS-smoking comorbidity, which purports that people with OCS persistently smoke because they are hypersensitive to smoking's sensorimotor-ritualistic and nicotine-pharmacologic negative reinforcing properties. Cigarette-smoking adults (n = 129) completed a baseline session to assess clinically significant OCS (yes/no), followed by four overnight tobacco-deprived 8-hr sessions involving exposure to each of four study conditions in a within-subject 2 × 2 factorial randomized design crossing a (a) sensorimotor manipulation that modeled the tobacco self-administration ritual's effects independent of nicotine (smoking very low nicotine cigarettes [VLNC] hourly vs. no smoking) and (b) pharmacologic manipulation that modeled nicotine's effects independent of tobacco self-administration (double-blind 21 mg nicotine vs. placebo transdermal patch). Experimental session outcome measures included self-reported smoking urge (range: 0-5), nicotine withdrawal symptoms (range: 0-5), physical pain (range: 0-10), and negative affect and a behavioral task assessing motivation to reinstate usual brand cigarette smoking. Consistent with hypotheses, participants with versus without clinically significant OCS were more sensitive to the urge-suppressing effects of smoking VLNCs versus no smoking (OCS × VLNC, B = -.14, 95% CI [-.24, -.04]; p = 01) and the pain-suppressing effects of nicotine versus placebo (OCS × Nicotine, B = -.14, 95% CI [-.24, -.03]; p = 02). Counter to hypotheses, participants with clinically significant OCS experienced weaker nicotine-induced withdrawal symptom suppression (OCS × Nicotine, B = .16, 95% CI [.09, .24]; p < .001). Other OCS × VLNC or OCS × Nicotine interactions were nonsignificant. Findings from this study partially support a conceptualization that OCS-smoking comorbidity is explained by a hypersensitivity to some of smoking's nicotine-pharmacologic and sensorimotor-ritualistic negative reinforcing properties (i.e., urge and pain suppression). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

An economon is a dyadic economic unit of two participants who exchange mutually reinforcing commodities (e.g., addictive substances for money). A human economon often consists of a buyer providing money to a supplier, while the supplier reciprocally provides some commodity to the buyer. Here, we develop the quantitative economon model to characterize transactional behavior between individual buyers and suppliers. According to the model, transactions between a buyer and supplier depend on their respective economic demand for the commodities exchanged. Additionally, the model assumes that demand for a given commodity will fluctuate across sequential transaction opportunities. When transactions succeed, commodities are exchanged and consumed, and demand declines on the subsequent encounter due to satiation. When transactions fail, commodities are not exchanged, and demand increases on the subsequent encounter due to deprivation. Using a computational implementation of the quantitative economon model, we simulated transaction patterns maintained by four hypothetical situations with high or low levels of deprivation crossed with high or low levels of satiation (i.e., a 2 × 2 matrix of conditions). Simulations revealed distinct patterns of transactional behavior depending on the specific levels of satiation and deprivation. When deprivation levels were high and satiation levels were low, simulated transaction rates were characteristic of the high consumption rates observed with addictive commodities such as drugs. In sum, the quantitative economon model provides a framework for modeling, investigating, and predicting patterns of human transactional behavior, applicable to the trajectory of substance use disorders at an individual and group level in the context of real-world markets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Alcohol use is common among college students and often linked to negative consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) can reduce alcohol use and related harms. This study examined whether dating/sexual PBS provide unique protective effects beyond alcohol PBS. We tested three hypotheses: (1) dating/sexual PBS would predict fewer drinks at follow up, controlling for alcohol PBS; (2) dating/sexual PBS would predict fewer alcohol-related consequences at follow up, controlling for alcohol PBS; and (3) drinks per week would moderate the association between dating/sexual PBS and consequences, with stronger protection for heavier drinkers. Participants (n = 324; 78.1% female, M_age = 19.2, SD = 2.2, 71.3% White) completed baseline and 1-month follow-up surveys measuring alcohol PBS, dating/sexual PBS, typical drinks per week, and alcohol-related consequences. Baseline dating/sexual PBS did not predict follow-up drinks per week after controlling for alcohol PBS, logistic regression χ²(7) = 100.59, Cragg-Uhler R² = .281. However, dating/sexual PBS predicted fewer follow-up alcohol-related consequences (incident rate ratios [IRR] = 0.73, p = .022), with drinks per week moderating this effect. Contrary to expectation, dating/sexual PBS were protective at low levels of drinking (IRR = 0.57, p = .002) but not at high levels (IRR = 0.88, p = .391). Dating/sexual PBS reduce alcohol-related consequences over 1-month, particularly among students with low to average drinking levels. These findings emphasize the importance of both alcohol-specific and dating/sexual PBS in college alcohol risk reduction interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Substance use (and polysubstance use in particular) is prevalent and associated with a range of negative outcomes among young adults. The Substance Use Protective Strategies Scale (SUPSS) was originally developed and validated using a Polish sample and is a substance-general measure of cognitive-behavioral strategies aimed at reducing substance-related harms associated with the use of multiple substances. The present study developed an adapted version of the SUPSS for the purposes of examining the psychometric properties and validity of this measure in a large sample of U.S. college students (n = 2,566) recruited across 10 universities who reported past-month substance use. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found an adequate fit for a four-factor model, consistent with the developmental sample. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we found support for scalar invariance of the SUPSS across distinct sociodemographic groups and those using distinct substances. Generally, the SUPSS subscales were positively associated with alcohol and cannabis protective behavioral strategies use and negatively associated with alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes (frequency, consequences, disorder symptoms). The present study was limited by its cross-sectional design and exclusive reliance on retrospective self-reports. Future research using longitudinal and experimental designs can determine the prospective and causal effects of these substance-general protective behavioral strategies on substance-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Subjective responses to alcohol (alcohol stimulation, sedation, liking, and wanting more) are important predictors of hazardous drinking. These are typically measured in real time via fixed-dose laboratory alcohol challenge or ecological momentary assessment (EMA), methods that can be prohibitively time- and resource-intensive. The present study examined the correspondence between self-report measures of anticipated alcohol responses and those same responses measured via the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, Brief Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, and Drug Effects Questionnaire during a naturalistic drinking episode and a controlled laboratory alcohol challenge. Participants were 220 heavy-drinking adults (42% female; M_age = 26.3 years) who completed the anticipated Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale and the anticipated Drug Effects Questionnaire and versions of these scales during a single high-resolution EMA of a naturalistic drinking episode. A subset of participants (n = 83) also completed versions of these scales during a fixed-dose laboratory alcohol challenge (0.8 g/kg alcohol). Anticipated stimulation, sedation, liking, and wanting more each significantly predicted their corresponding high-resolution EMA counterparts. Models predicting laboratory-derived subjective responses 30 and 60 min after beverage consumption found that alcohol stimulation and sedation were strong predictors of corresponding responses in the lab, but the same was not true for alcohol liking or wanting more. The present study extends prior work and suggests that heavy drinkers can predict their real-time subjective responses to alcohol with relative accuracy. Findings also provide further support for the use of self-report measures of anticipated alcohol responses, particularly stimulation and sedation, when real-time assessment methods (i.e., EMA or laboratory alcohol challenge) are not feasible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Data systematicity has been an important area of consideration for behavioral economic demand. Stein et al. (2015) introduced criteria and an accompanying algorithm to aid researchers in identifying data series that may be considered "nonsystematic"-that is, data that may not follow empirically based assumptions such as an overall decrease in consumption as the cost of a commodity increases and consistency in decreases in consumption. However, those criteria and algorithm are only directly applicable to own-price demand, or demand for a commodity that is increasing in price. Cross-price demand, or demand for a second commodity that changes as a function of some other commodity, does not have a similar set of criteria or algorithm for assessing cross-commodity demand systematicity. Cross-price or cross-commodity demand is useful in understanding how changes in one substance or commodity may change the consumption of another substance or commodity. Thus, we extend Stein et al.'s criteria and algorithm to classify if a cross-commodity can be considered a substitute, complement, or independent, and then assess its systematicity based on its classification. We demonstrate this algorithm on three different cross-commodity demand data sets and describe important considerations regarding data exclusions to prevent biasing results from own-price and cross-price demand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Standard brief alcohol and drug use interventions focus on motivating reductions in use and associated harms and have shown reliable reductions in these outcomes. However, effect sizes are small, and dissemination is limited by low rates of help seeking. Incorporating intervention elements focused on enhancing wellness, mood, and goal pursuit might enhance efficacy and appeal. The substance-free activity session (SFAS) integrates behavioral economic and motivational interviewing elements to enhance goal-directed and mood-enhancing activity patterns that might provide alternatives to alcohol- and drug-related reward. We conducted a narrative review of 15 empirical studies that investigated the efficacy of the SFAS and evaluated mechanisms of behavior change. We then provide an overview of how to conduct the SFAS, including a session vignette. There is support for the efficacy of the SFAS when integrated with standard brief alcohol interventions for college students. There is also evidence that the SFAS reduces negative affective symptoms and increases self-regulation and proportionate reinforcement from substance-free activities. Evidence for cannabis use reductions is less robust. The SFAS has been successfully implemented as an adjunct to intensive alcohol and drug treatment for adults, but not in the context of adequately powered efficacy trials. The clinical vignette and intervention manual provides a model for how to motivate an individual to pursue reductions in substance use supported by increased engagement in goal-directed and enjoyable substance-free activities. The SFAS shows promise as a brief intervention that supports substance use reductions via motivating patterns of substance-free activities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Poor sleep and problematic drinking share a bidirectional relationship. Recent studies have targeted sleep as a novel means of improving drinking outcomes, including a prior pilot trial by our group which showed that a digital insomnia intervention (Sleep Healthy Using the Internet [SHUTi]) significantly improved sleep and drinking outcomes to a greater degree than a patient education (PE) program. In the present study, we aimed to replicate and extend our prior findings by assessing diary-derived measures of sleep and alcohol use as well as mental health outcomes in a larger sample. One hundred thirteen heavy drinkers with insomnia were randomly assigned to either the SHUTi (n = 61) or a sleep PE program (n = 52). Participants completed assessments immediately following the intervention period (9 weeks) and again at 3- and 6-months postintervention. Linear mixed-effects models showed that those in the SHUTi condition reported significantly greater improvements in sleep and greater reductions in drinking frequency relative to the PE condition. Additionally, those in the SHUTi condition reported greater reductions in depression symptoms and sleep medication use relative to the PE condition. Limitations include relatively high attrition, reliance on self-report measures, and demographic homogeneity. These findings replicate and extend the pilot trial results and support the utility of incorporating sleep interventions into alcohol use disorder prevention and treatment efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).