Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology最新文献

Chronic pain populations exhibit greater prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription (vs. the general population) and greater likelihood of BZD use not as prescribed and dependence symptoms. Individuals report taking BZDs for pain relief, potentially contributing to maintenance/escalation of BZD use and hazardous couse with prescription opioids. Identifying cognitive factors underlying pain-BZD use relations represents a critical step toward understanding the role of pain in BZD use trajectories. Outcome expectancies for substance-related analgesia have been implicated in pain-substance use comorbidity (e.g., alcohol), and there is reason to believe these processes may extend to BZD use. The present study aimed to examine psychometric properties of a newly adapted Expectancies for Benzodiazepine Analgesia (EBA) scale and probe associations between EBA scores and prescription opioid use behaviors. Participants were 306 adults (38.9% females) endorsing chronic pain and current BZD prescription who completed an online survey. Results provided initial support for psychometric validity of the EBA: evidence of single-factor structure with good model fit (Bollen-Stine bootstrap p = .101), excellent internal consistency (α = .93), and evidence of concurrent validity via correlations with pain variables, likelihood of BZD use not as prescribed, BZD dependence symptoms, and self-reported BZD use for pain relief. Exploratory findings among participants prescribed opioids indicated positive covariation between EBA scores and behaviors associated with higher risk opioid use. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to assess analgesia expectancies for BZD use. BZD analgesic expectancies warrant further study as a treatment target in comorbid pain and BZD use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Pregaming represents a uniquely high-risk drinking event for young adults, and subfacets of impulsivity are robust predictors of alcohol use and related negative outcomes. Further, it is likely that pregame events contain social and physical stimuli that are particularly appealing for impulsive individuals, thus exacerbating risk for negative outcomes. However, no prior studies have investigated the extent to which impulsive personality traits interact with pregame events to confer alcohol-related risk. Thus, the present study examined the extent to which UPPS-P (urgency-perseverance-premeditation-sensation seeking-positive urgency) subfacets of impulsivity interact with the occurrence of pregaming to predict relations between pregaming, drinking quantity, and negative alcohol-related outcomes. College students (N = 737) completed a modified, online version of the 30-day Timeline Followback in which they reported drinking quantity, negative consequences, and whether they engaged in pregaming on a given day. Results indicated that sensation seeking and a lack of premeditation moderated relations between pregaming and drinking quantity such that those who are higher in sensation seeking and lower in their ability to plan ahead drank more on pregaming days. Sensation seeking and positive urgency moderated relations between pregaming and negative consequences such that those who are higher in positive urgency experience more consequences on pregaming days whereas those who are higher in sensation seeking experience less consequences. Future studies may benefit from more granular assessments of pregame-related risk as subfacets of impulsivity may confer momentary risk. Prevention efforts targeting the reduction of pregaming frequency, particularly among impulsive individuals, may lower overall risk for heavy drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cannabis use has been linked to deficient reward processing; however, little is known about its relation to the specific construct of reward learning, in which behavior is modified through associating novel stimuli with a positive outcome. The probabilistic reward task was used to objectively evaluate reward learning in 38 individuals who use recreational cannabis and 34 control comparison participants from the community. Reward learning was evidenced by the development of a response bias, which indicates the propensity to modulate behavior as a function of prior reinforcement. Both cannabis and control groups demonstrated reward learning, with no group differences in response bias development. Among cannabis participants, trending significant relationships between greater chronicity, r(36) = -.30, p = .077, self-reported potency, r(19) = -.33, p = .052, and poorer reward learning were found. Nonsignificant relationships were found between reward learning and frequency, age of initiation, weekly quantity or Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R) scores (all p > .05). The ability to form noncannabis reward associations is promising for the success of therapeutic interventions for problematic cannabis use; however, indications of severity of use in relation to poorer reward learning suggests a need for a better pharmacological and pharmacokinetic understanding of cannabis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Cigarette smoking puts individuals with or at risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in jeopardy of experiencing a major cardiovascular event. Contingency management (CM) for smoking cessation is an intervention wherein financial incentives are provided contingent on biochemically verified smoking abstinence. Conventional CM programs typically require frequent clinic visits for abstinence monitoring, a potential obstacle for patients with medical comorbidities who may face barriers to access. This preliminary study examined the feasibility and comparative efficacy of (a) usual care (UC; advice to quit smoking, self-help materials, quitline referral) versus (b) UC plus home-based CM for smoking cessation (UC + HBCM). HBCM entailed earning monetary-based vouchers contingent on self-reported 24-hr smoking abstinence biochemically verified by a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample ≤ 6 ppm. Participants were 20 outpatients with a CVD diagnosis or qualifying CVD risk factor randomly assigned 1:1 to the two conditions. Intervention participants received 14 in-home abstinence visits over 6 weeks. Voucher monetary value started at $10 and escalated by $2.50 for each subsequent negative sample (maximum earnings: $367.50). Positive samples earned no vouchers and reset voucher value to $10, but two negative samples following a positive allowed participants to continue earning vouchers at the prereset value. Primary outcome was point-prevalence smoking abstinence at Week 6 assessment. More participants assigned to UC + HBCM than UC were smoking abstinent at that Week 6 assessment (90% vs. 30%), χ²(1, N = 20) = 7.5, p < .01. These results provide initial evidence that HBCM can effectively promote smoking abstinence in CVD outpatients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study aims to determine whether performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a simulation of risk-taking when faced with loss, is associated with greater frequency of methamphetamine (MA) use and challenges reducing or stopping MA use. The parent mSTUDY is a Los Angeles County-based longitudinal study of substance use and HIV risk in predominately Black/African American and Latinx people assigned male at birth who have sex with men. The IGT was offered for a limited timeframe to mSTUDY participants, of whom 192 consented to and completed this one-time task. Separate random intercept binary logistic regressions tested whether the IGT total score and subscore for Blocks 4 and 5 (last 40 card draws) were associated with the outcomes, testing positive for MA in urine and self-reported inability to control or cease MA use in the past 6 months. Separate random intercept ordered logistic regressions tested whether IGT total score and subscore were associated with self-reported frequency of MA use in past 6 months. Higher IGT subscores for Blocks 4 and 5 (lower risk-taking) were associated with lower odds of testing MA-positive (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.99], p = .025) and less frequent MA use in the past 6 months (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.99], p = .006). Higher IGT total scores (lower risk-taking) were also associated with less frequent MA use (AOR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.97, 0.99], p = .038). Findings from this analysis suggest that IGT performance may be a useful indicator of MA use severity in nontreatment-seeking people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Ketamine is an anesthetic that has been identified as an effective therapy for depressive disorders and related symptoms. Some studies have identified ketamine as having the potential to reduce substance use among individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD)-alongside psychotherapy. Further, SUDs often co-occur with depressive disorders. Using the National Mental Health Services Survey 2020, this study examined a national sample of N = 134 U.S. mental health treatment facilities that provide ketamine infusion therapy (KIT) to identify their geographic locations; availability of individual, couples/family, and group counseling; payment options; and capacity to provide treatment for dually diagnosed mental health (MH) and substance use disorders. Approximately 63% (n = 85) of the facilities in this sample had dual diagnosis MH and SUD treatment. Having group therapy was associated with having dual diagnosis MH and SUD treatment. Alternatively, accepting Medicaid was not associated with having dual diagnosis MH and SUD treatment. This exploratory study estimates dual diagnosis MH and SUD treatment availability among MH treatment facilities offering KIT. Given evidence of KIT's ability to effectively treat depressive disorders and that SUDs often co-occur with them (ketamine's effectiveness in treating substance use disorders warrants further study), the present study's up-to-date information about the distribution salient characteristics of MH facilities that offer this effective treatment can inform future efforts to identify the potential of these facilities to treat co-occurring disorders with ketamine and psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Subjective effects generally describe the feelings one has when consuming substances. There are several tools available for measuring alcohol-related subjective effects but there are reasons to believe that effects are interpreted differently across participants. The assessment of alcohol-related subjective effects is further complicated by the fact that many people use other substances with alcohol, including cannabis. The present study used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate interpretations of 21 subjective effects used in common assessments among a college student sample (N = 99; primarily White [79%], Hispanic [60%] women [74%], 72% of which reported lifetime couse of alcohol and cannabis). We sought to (a) estimate the prevalence of each effect and the amount of alcohol/number of drinks (and, for those with simultaneous use, amount of cannabis/number of hits) required to experience each effect and (b) evaluate how participants interpreted each effect that they had ever experienced when drinking (for our sample who had used only alcohol) or when simultaneously using alcohol and cannabis (for our sample who had reported simultaneous use). Across both samples, we found that several effects were far more common than others and participants had varied interpretations of each subjective effect. Further, qualitative results demonstrated that participants interpreted some subjective effects in a way that differed from the original intention of the measure. Results suggest a degree of measurement error when using common subjective effects assessment tools. Findings lay the groundwork for standardized measures of subjective effects for simultaneous use and have implications for future real-world assessment and intervention work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined day-level associations between trouble sleeping and three cannabis-use indices (likelihood/quantity of use and impaired control). We evaluated behavioral and cognitive mediators of the association between trouble sleeping and cannabis outcomes. Youth (N = 86, ages 15-24, 48.8% female, 58.8% White, 18.6% Latine) who regularly used cannabis were recruited for an intervention study. This preregistered secondary data analysis leveraged data from a 1-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study completed prior to intervention. Trouble sleeping, cannabis use, and impaired control over use were assessed each morning; negative affect, risk-taking propensity, and cannabis craving were assessed multiple times and aggregated to create a daily average. Multilevel structural equation modeling evaluated hypothesized temporally sequenced associations and putative mechanisms at the day (i.e., within) and person (i.e., between) level. In bivariate analyses at the person level, there were large-effect associations between trouble sleeping and craving and negative affect, and between craving and cannabis-use likelihood and quantity (rs from .34 to .48). In multilevel analyses at the day level, participants were less likely to use cannabis the next day after reporting more trouble sleeping (β = -.65, p < .001). Trouble sleeping was not directly associated with subsequent cannabis-use quantity or impaired control, or indirectly via negative affect, risk-taking propensity, or craving. Trouble sleeping had differential relations with cannabis-use indices at the day and person levels. To promote youth health and reduce cannabis use, future research may consider the unique, person- and situation-driven mechanistic processes at play. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).