Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110357
Shuoshuo Liang , Ping He , Qingnan Chu , Wentian He , Ruochen Li , Xinpeng Xu , Rong Jiang , Shuang Liu , Linkui Cao , Zhimin Sha
The possible solutions for maintaining rice productivity while minimizing environmental impacts under climate change remain unclear. We developed a DNDC-Random Forest (DNDC-RF) framework coupling the process-based DNDC model with random forest machine learning to evaluate rice yield, NH₃ volatilization, and greenhouse gas emissions, and explored optimization potential through multi-objective fertilizer management. The DNDC model demonstrated superior performance in simulating rice yield (R² = 0.83) compared to gaseous emissions (R² = 0.80–0.86), while the DNDC-RF framework achieved enhanced predictive accuracy (R² = 0.93–0.97). Multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-III algorithm identified distinct regional variations in optimal fertilizer management strategies across Yangtze River Delta region, with partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (MF) maintaining comparable yields while reducing GHG emissions by 25–35 % compared to conventional practices (CT). Under the SSP126 scenario, both treatments-maintained productivity gains throughout 2021–2100 with yield increases of 21.8–22.4 % during the early period, while SSP585 led to progressive yield declines reaching 42.3 % below baseline levels. Spatial analysis revealed that northern counties demonstrated greater climate resilience, while southern coastal counties showed increased vulnerability. The findings of our study provide scientific support for developing climate-smart agricultural practices that simultaneously enhance productivity and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of rice production and environmental sustainability under climate change in the Yangtze River Delta: A DNDC-random forest framework approach","authors":"Shuoshuo Liang , Ping He , Qingnan Chu , Wentian He , Ruochen Li , Xinpeng Xu , Rong Jiang , Shuang Liu , Linkui Cao , Zhimin Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possible solutions for maintaining rice productivity while minimizing environmental impacts under climate change remain unclear. We developed a DNDC-Random Forest (DNDC-RF) framework coupling the process-based DNDC model with random forest machine learning to evaluate rice yield, NH₃ volatilization, and greenhouse gas emissions, and explored optimization potential through multi-objective fertilizer management. The DNDC model demonstrated superior performance in simulating rice yield (R² = 0.83) compared to gaseous emissions (R² = 0.80–0.86), while the DNDC-RF framework achieved enhanced predictive accuracy (R² = 0.93–0.97). Multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-III algorithm identified distinct regional variations in optimal fertilizer management strategies across Yangtze River Delta region, with partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (MF) maintaining comparable yields while reducing GHG emissions by 25–35 % compared to conventional practices (CT). Under the SSP126 scenario, both treatments-maintained productivity gains throughout 2021–2100 with yield increases of 21.8–22.4 % during the early period, while SSP585 led to progressive yield declines reaching 42.3 % below baseline levels. Spatial analysis revealed that northern counties demonstrated greater climate resilience, while southern coastal counties showed increased vulnerability. The findings of our study provide scientific support for developing climate-smart agricultural practices that simultaneously enhance productivity and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110322
Ayman M.S. Elshamly , Modhi O. Alotaibi , Mashael M. Alotibi , Maged M. Alharbi , Esawy Mahmoud , Samar Swify , Kassem A.S. Mohammed , Saudi A. Rekaby , Adel M. Ghoneim , Wael A. Mahmoud , Rashid Iqbal , Maximilian Lackner
Objectives
Currently, there is a gap in understanding how fixed partial root-zone irrigation (FDI) and phosphorus (P) levels interact to affect stressed peanut yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), with a particular need for data on their dynamic responses and potential to enhance FDI in arid conditions. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was designed using a split-split plot system to evaluate the impact of partial root-zone irrigation techniques, P application rates, and irrigation levels on peanuts. The experiment's goal was to determine how these factors influence the physio-chemical properties, root development, PUE, overall yield, and water productivity (WP).
Methods
The experimental setup involved two partial root-zone irrigation techniques in the main plots, FDI and alternate partial root-zone driplines (ADI), each with dripline distances of 15 cm and 30 cm from the plant rows, creating four treatments: FDI-15, FDI-30, ADI-15, and ADI-30. Two irrigation levels were applied to the sub-plots, consisting of 100 % and 75 % of the required peanut irrigation. Within these sub-plots, three different P application rates were distributed in the sub-sub plots: 0 kg P ha−1, 45 kg P ha−1, and 72 kg P ha−1.
Results
Variations in wetted area, peanut responses, PUE, yield, and WP were observed depending on the adopted irrigation technique, irrigation level, and P rate. Under FDI-30, the combination of 75 % irrigation level and 72 Kg P ha−1 led to positive outcomes in peanut crops, including higher nutrient content, improved root traits, increased relative water content, greater carbohydrate levels, and enhanced peanut yield and WP. Irrigating plants with 75 % of peanut irrigation amounts and applying 45 Kg P ha−1 using ADI-30 technique resulted in the highest recorded wetted area percentage, relative water content, total chlorophyll, root weight density, K, PUE, overall yield, and WP.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, applying 75 % irrigation level and adopting ADI-30 and 45 kg P ha−1 was recommended to boost peanut yield, PUE, and WP; while achieving efficient use of irrigation and P fertilization amounts. This approach leads to increased profitability, a more resilient farming system, and serves as a model for sustainable water and input management in similar crops and arid regions.
目前，在了解固定部分根区灌溉（FDI）和磷(P)水平如何相互作用影响胁迫花生产量和磷利用效率（PUE）方面存在空白，特别需要关于它们在干旱条件下的动态响应和提高FDI潜力的数据。为此，设计了一项为期2年的田间试验，采用裂畦法评价部分根区灌溉技术、施磷量和灌溉水平对花生的影响。试验的目的是确定这些因素如何影响理化性质、根系发育、PUE、总产量和水分生产力（WP）。方法采用FDI和ADI两种部分根区灌溉技术，分别距植株行15 cm和30 cm，分别设置4种处理：FDI-15、FDI-30、ADI-15和ADI-30。子田施2个灌溉水平，分别为花生需水量的100% %和75% %。在这些子样地中，3个不同的施磷率分布在子样地：0 kg P ha−1、45 kg P ha−1和72 kg P ha−1。结果不同灌溉方式、灌水量和施磷量对受水面积、花生反应、PUE、产量和WP的影响不同。在FDI-30条件下，75% %的灌溉水平和72 Kg P ha - 1的组合对花生作物产生了积极的影响，包括提高养分含量，改善根系性状，增加相对含水量，提高碳水化合物水平，提高花生产量和WP。以花生灌水量的75% %灌溉植株，并使用ADI-30技术施用45 Kg P ha - 1，可获得最高的湿面积百分比、相对含水量、总叶绿素、根重密度、K、PUE、总产量和WP。结论建议以75% %的灌溉水平、ADI-30和45 kg P ha - 1灌溉可提高花生产量、PUE和WP；同时实现灌溉和磷肥用量的有效利用。这种方法提高了盈利能力，增强了农业系统的抵御能力，并可作为类似作物和干旱地区可持续水和投入管理的典范。
{"title":"Utilizing unique irrigation techniques and different phosphorus rates as strategies to improve peanut growth, phosphorus use efficiency and water productivity","authors":"Ayman M.S. Elshamly , Modhi O. Alotaibi , Mashael M. Alotibi , Maged M. Alharbi , Esawy Mahmoud , Samar Swify , Kassem A.S. Mohammed , Saudi A. Rekaby , Adel M. Ghoneim , Wael A. Mahmoud , Rashid Iqbal , Maximilian Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Currently, there is a gap in understanding how fixed partial root-zone irrigation (FDI) and phosphorus (P) levels interact to affect stressed peanut yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), with a particular need for data on their dynamic responses and potential to enhance FDI in arid conditions. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was designed using a split-split plot system to evaluate the impact of partial root-zone irrigation techniques, P application rates, and irrigation levels on peanuts. The experiment's goal was to determine how these factors influence the physio-chemical properties, root development, PUE, overall yield, and water productivity (WP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The experimental setup involved two partial root-zone irrigation techniques in the main plots, FDI and alternate partial root-zone driplines (ADI), each with dripline distances of 15 cm and 30 cm from the plant rows, creating four treatments: FDI-15, FDI-30, ADI-15, and ADI-30. Two irrigation levels were applied to the sub-plots, consisting of 100 % and 75 % of the required peanut irrigation. Within these sub-plots, three different P application rates were distributed in the sub-sub plots: 0 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, 45 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>, and 72 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Variations in wetted area, peanut responses, PUE, yield, and WP were observed depending on the adopted irrigation technique, irrigation level, and P rate. Under FDI-30, the combination of 75 % irrigation level and 72 Kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> led to positive outcomes in peanut crops, including higher nutrient content, improved root traits, increased relative water content, greater carbohydrate levels, and enhanced peanut yield and WP. Irrigating plants with 75 % of peanut irrigation amounts and applying 45 Kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> using ADI-30 technique resulted in the highest recorded wetted area percentage, relative water content, total chlorophyll, root weight density, K, PUE, overall yield, and WP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on the findings, applying 75 % irrigation level and adopting ADI-30 and 45 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> was recommended to boost peanut yield, PUE, and WP; while achieving efficient use of irrigation and P fertilization amounts. This approach leads to increased profitability, a more resilient farming system, and serves as a model for sustainable water and input management in similar crops and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110432
Mounica Talasila, Maria Morrogh Bernard, Chad Lee, Ole Wendroth, Thiago Berton Ferreira, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Montserrat Salmerón
{"title":"Simulated impacts of irrigation, planting date, and cultivar maturity on soybean yield and water productivity in a humid subtropical climate","authors":"Mounica Talasila, Maria Morrogh Bernard, Chad Lee, Ole Wendroth, Thiago Berton Ferreira, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Montserrat Salmerón","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110456
Lucas Borras, Alejo Ruiz, Matheus Dalsente Krause, Chris Zinselmeier, Nick Hoffman, Dean Podlich, Matthew Smalley
{"title":"US maize yield gains have decoupled from the need for higher plant densities","authors":"Lucas Borras, Alejo Ruiz, Matheus Dalsente Krause, Chris Zinselmeier, Nick Hoffman, Dean Podlich, Matthew Smalley","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147496091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110458
Xiaozhou Li, Fu Liu, Yunfei Ren, Jinxia Wang, Haibo Hu, Shuangguo Zhu, Fei Mo
Micronutrients are critical regulators for wheat productivity, yet, the effects of micronutrient fertilization on yield and its key component traits remain poorly understood especially under frequent drought conditions. Moreover, whether long-term micronutrient accumulation poses a latent threat to wheat production remains largely unexplored. Prolonged micronutrient fertilization may also increase their concentrations in wheat grain, thereby influencing dietary intake and potential human health risks.
{"title":"38 years of micronutrient fertilization, particularly copper, enhance winter wheat yield during drought on the Loess Plateau without yield penalties","authors":"Xiaozhou Li, Fu Liu, Yunfei Ren, Jinxia Wang, Haibo Hu, Shuangguo Zhu, Fei Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110458","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrients are critical regulators for wheat productivity, yet, the effects of micronutrient fertilization on yield and its key component traits remain poorly understood especially under frequent drought conditions. Moreover, whether long-term micronutrient accumulation poses a latent threat to wheat production remains largely unexplored. Prolonged micronutrient fertilization may also increase their concentrations in wheat grain, thereby influencing dietary intake and potential human health risks.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110455
Zhiwei Tang, Xin Zhang, Aixing Deng, Jun Zhang, Zhenwei Song, Xiangcheng Zhu, Jin Chen, Min Xie, Fu Chen, Weijian Zhang
Water management plays a crucial role in determining rice yield, methane (CH₄) emissions from paddy fields, and cadmium (Cd) level in rice grains. Controlled irrigation can significantly reduce CH₄ emissions from paddy fields, but may increase Cd level in rice grain and decrease yield through excessive drought. To innovate water management practices is urgent to achieve the synergistic goals of higher yields while lowering both CH₄ emissions and Cd level.
{"title":"Dense planting coupled with optimized irrigation improves rice yield while reducing Cd level in rice grain and CH4 emission from field","authors":"Zhiwei Tang, Xin Zhang, Aixing Deng, Jun Zhang, Zhenwei Song, Xiangcheng Zhu, Jin Chen, Min Xie, Fu Chen, Weijian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110455","url":null,"abstract":"Water management plays a crucial role in determining rice yield, methane (CH₄) emissions from paddy fields, and cadmium (Cd) level in rice grains. Controlled irrigation can significantly reduce CH₄ emissions from paddy fields, but may increase Cd level in rice grain and decrease yield through excessive drought. To innovate water management practices is urgent to achieve the synergistic goals of higher yields while lowering both CH₄ emissions and Cd level.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110457
Chen Ni, Jiahao Zhang, Changjin Zhu, Qiuqian Hu, Zhongyang Huo, Qigen Dai, Ke Xu, Guohui Li
Rice yield relies on the efficient allocation of carbon assimilates from source to sink organs. The regulation of carbon flow direction through phloem transport and carbon metabolism is a key factor in determining yield. Identifying factors that determine the allocation of carbon assimilates is crucial for balancing biomass and yield in rice.
{"title":"Sucrose metabolism and translocation regulate stem–grain biomass partitioning to enhance grain yield in rice","authors":"Chen Ni, Jiahao Zhang, Changjin Zhu, Qiuqian Hu, Zhongyang Huo, Qigen Dai, Ke Xu, Guohui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110457","url":null,"abstract":"Rice yield relies on the efficient allocation of carbon assimilates from source to sink organs. The regulation of carbon flow direction through phloem transport and carbon metabolism is a key factor in determining yield. Identifying factors that determine the allocation of carbon assimilates is crucial for balancing biomass and yield in rice.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is the primary food grain for more than half of the world’s population, and is becoming important in Ethiopia. Despite increased rice production in the country, no comprehensive studies have been made so far to quantify the genetic gains made over the years from the national breeding programs.
{"title":"Rice genetic gains in Ethiopia's rainfed high and low elevation ecologies","authors":"Mulugeta Atnaf, Abebaw Dessie, Zelalem Zewdu, Desta Abebe, Altaye Tiruneh, Assaye Berie, Fisseha Worede, Taddesse Lakew, Assaye Birhanu, Gedifew Gebrie, Solomon Admasu, Geleta Gerema, Tesfaye Mitiku, Negussie Zenna","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2026.110452","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the primary food grain for more than half of the world’s population, and is becoming important in Ethiopia. Despite increased rice production in the country, no comprehensive studies have been made so far to quantify the genetic gains made over the years from the national breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-15Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110296
Yanze Ma , Yansen Xu , Xintong Hu , Evgenios Agathokleous , Kazuhiko Kobayashi , Xinyou Yin , Rong Cao , Zhaozhong Feng
Context
Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) negatively affects both assimilate production (source) and accumulation (sink), leading to reductions in wheat yield. However, the effects of elevated O3 on source-sink relationships during grain filling in wheat remain unknown.
Objective
The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of elevated O3 on source supply, sink growth and their relationship, and to identify the key factors underlying differences in O3 sensitivity among wheat cultivars.
Methods
A two-year field experiment was conducted at a Free-Air O3–Concentration Enrichment (O3–FACE) facility in China to investigate the effects of elevated O3 on 12 wheat cultivars. A model-based analysis of grain weight and aboveground biomass dynamics was used to evaluate the effects of elevated O3 on the source-sink relationship.
Results and conclusions
Elevated O3 significantly reduced grain yield by 12.7 % across cultivars, with yield losses ranging from 2.4 % to 24.7 %. A significant trade-off between grain yield and O3 sensitivity indicated that high-yielding cultivars tend to be more sensitive to O3. Elevated O3 significantly decreased the rate and duration of post-anthesis source supply and sink growth, but the source was more sensitive to O3 than the sink. The remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves was increased by elevated O3, partially mitigating the negative effects of O3 on sink growth in the O3-sensitive cultivars. The sensitivity of cultivars to O3 is primarily attributable to the response of source supply to elevated O3.
Implications
In summary, reducing O3-induced impairment of source capacity and increasing remobilization of carbon reserves under high O3 level are critical strategies for breeding high-yielding and O3-tolerant wheat cultivars.
{"title":"Response of source capacity to elevated ozone during grain filling determines ozone sensitivity of wheat cultivars","authors":"Yanze Ma , Yansen Xu , Xintong Hu , Evgenios Agathokleous , Kazuhiko Kobayashi , Xinyou Yin , Rong Cao , Zhaozhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Elevated tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) negatively affects both assimilate production (source) and accumulation (sink), leading to reductions in wheat yield. However, the effects of elevated O<sub>3</sub> on source-sink relationships during grain filling in wheat remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of elevated O<sub>3</sub> on source supply, sink growth and their relationship, and to identify the key factors underlying differences in O<sub>3</sub> sensitivity among wheat cultivars.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-year field experiment was conducted at a Free-Air O<sub>3</sub>–Concentration Enrichment (O<sub>3</sub>–FACE) facility in China to investigate the effects of elevated O<sub>3</sub> on 12 wheat cultivars. A model-based analysis of grain weight and aboveground biomass dynamics was used to evaluate the effects of elevated O<sub>3</sub> on the source-sink relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Elevated O<sub>3</sub> significantly reduced grain yield by 12.7 % across cultivars, with yield losses ranging from 2.4 % to 24.7 %. A significant trade-off between grain yield and O<sub>3</sub> sensitivity indicated that high-yielding cultivars tend to be more sensitive to O<sub>3</sub>. Elevated O<sub>3</sub> significantly decreased the rate and duration of post-anthesis source supply and sink growth, but the source was more sensitive to O<sub>3</sub> than the sink. The remobilization of pre-anthesis carbon reserves was increased by elevated O<sub>3</sub>, partially mitigating the negative effects of O<sub>3</sub> on sink growth in the O<sub>3</sub>-sensitive cultivars. The sensitivity of cultivars to O<sub>3</sub> is primarily attributable to the response of source supply to elevated O<sub>3</sub>.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>In summary, reducing O<sub>3</sub>-induced impairment of source capacity and increasing remobilization of carbon reserves under high O<sub>3</sub> level are critical strategies for breeding high-yielding and O<sub>3</sub>-tolerant wheat cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 110296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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