Field Crops Research最新文献_第7页

Rice ratooning reduces greenhouse gas emissions from rice-wheat rotation in China 在中国，水稻再生产减少了稻麦轮作的温室气体排放

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110293

Penghui Jin , Tianyu Wang , Shichen Wang , Zhijun Wei , Kaifu Song , Jing Ma , Ligan Zhang , Shaobing Peng , Guangbin Zhang , Hua Xu

Context

Ratoon rice cultivation is expanding in Southern China, but the effects of cropping system change on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to quantify the impact of converting rice-wheat rotation (RW) to ratoon rice on annual GHG emissions, and to elucidate the mechanisms driving the distinct emission patterns in paddy fields.

Methods

A two-year field experiment quantified CH₄ and N₂O emissions and investigated associated microbial processes in the ratoon rice-milk vetch system (RR) converted from RW.

Results

Compared to RW, RR reduced annual CH₄ emissions by 24.9 %, through collectively suppressed methanogenesis (depleted Methanocellales) and enhanced oxidation (enriched Methylocystis/Methylococcus) during the rice season. Within RR, CH₄ emissions were 87.5 % lower in the ratoon season than in the medium-rice season, driven by a 2.4-fold enhancement in CH₄ oxidation. Furthermore, RR decreased annual N₂O emissions by 70.4 %, primarily from low nitrogen input in the non-rice season. However, nitrogen application around medium rice harvest triggered two N₂O flux peaks, associated with 37.1–52.4 % increases in nitrification and denitrification potentials and a 5.97- to 9.67-fold rise in the ratio of genes encoding N₂O-producing (nirS+nirK) to N₂O-reducing (nosZ) enzymes. Overall, RR reduced annual GHG emissions by 29.2 % and GHG intensity by 8.61 %, despite a 3.62 Mg ha⁻¹ reduction in grain yield.

Conclusions

RR reduced annual CH₄ emissions by limiting methanogenesis and enhancing oxidation during rice seasons, while concurrently lowering N₂O emissions through diminished nitrogen inputs during non-rice seasons.

Significance

These findings elucidate the mechanisms of GHG mitigation in ratoon rice converted from rice-wheat rotation, demonstrating its significant potential for sustainable low-emission rice cultivation in China.

背景中国南方水稻种植规模不断扩大，但种植制度变化对温室气体排放的影响及其潜在机制尚不清楚。目的定量分析稻麦轮作水稻对稻田年温室气体排放的影响，并探讨稻田不同排放模式的驱动机制。方法通过为期2年的田间试验，定量测定水稻-豇豆转化体系中CH4和N2O的排放，并对相关微生物过程进行研究。结果与RW相比，RW在水稻季节通过共同抑制甲烷生成（减少甲烷细胞）和增强氧化（增加甲基藻/甲基球菌），减少了24.9 %的年CH4排放量。在稻谷内，由于CH4氧化增加了2.4倍，稻谷中期CH4排放量比中期减少了87.5 %。此外，RR使N2O年排放量减少了70.4 %，这主要是由于非水稻季节的低氮投入。然而，在中稻收获前后施氮触发了两个N2O通量峰值，与硝化和反硝化电位增加371 - 52.4 %有关，编码N2O产生（nirS+nirK）与N2O还原（nosZ）酶的基因比例增加5.97- 9.67倍。总体而言，尽管小麦产量减少了3.62 Mg ha - 1，但抗旱性措施使年温室气体排放量减少了29.2% %，温室气体强度减少了8.61 %。结论srr通过限制水稻季节的甲烷生成和促进氧化来减少年CH4排放，同时通过减少非水稻季节的氮输入来减少N2O排放。这些研究结果阐明了稻麦轮作转化为再生稻的温室气体减排机制，显示了其在中国可持续低排放水稻种植中的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking potassium sustainability: Rice-crab co-culture system enhances potassium balance 解锁钾的可持续性：稻蟹共养系统增强钾平衡

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110289

Haixia Liu , Xuran Liu , Feng Zhang , Hongwei Han , Yinghao Li , XiaoLi Wu , Guangyan Liu , Daocai Chi , Jun Meng , Taotao Chen

Context

Rice-aquatic animal coculture leverages ecological synergies to improve nutrient cycling. However, the potassium (K) utilization and balance, critical determinants of system sustainability, remain poorly understood.

Objective

A two-year field experiment was conducted in Liaoning Province, the primary hub for the rice-crab coculture system in China. We present the first comprehensive investigation to quantify soil available K, K utilization, environmental K losses, system-level balances, yield, and the economic benefits of rice-crab coculture.

Results

Results showed that rice-crab coculture significantly enhanced K retention. Soil exchangeable K was 5.23–7.06 % higher, and soil solution K⁺ concentrations in subsurface layers (20–40 cm) were 13.79–16.61 % higher than in rice monoculture. The system exhibited significantly higher aboveground K uptake in rice while supporting crab production, although K leaching was 14.43–24.49 % higher, a trade-off offset resulting from substantial K balance improvements. Crucially, rice-crab coculture exhibited superior K sustainability, with 13.51–15.77 % and 16.83–18.78 % higher apparent and total K balances, respectively, than in rice monoculture. Partial least squares path modeling identified aboveground K uptake and soil exchangeable K as pivotal drivers of total K balance in the rice-crab coculture system. Additionally, rice-crab coculture achieved significantly higher economic benefits than rice monoculture through obtaining additional crab yield without affecting rice yield.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrated the potential of rice-crab coculture to enhance K utilization and reduce K deficiency while providing considerable economic benefits. The results provide insights for developing policies and encouraging more farmers to adopt rice-crab coculture.

Significance

The study established a quantitative framework for optimizing K management in coculture systems, a crucial advancement for increasing the sustainability of the rice-aquaculture frontier.

水产动物共养利用生态协同效应来改善养分循环。然而，钾的利用和平衡，系统可持续性的关键决定因素，仍然知之甚少。目的在中国稻蟹共养系统的主要枢纽辽宁省进行为期两年的田间试验。本文首次对土壤速效钾、钾利用、环境钾损失、系统平衡、产量和稻蟹共养的经济效益进行了量化研究。结果稻蟹共培养显著提高了水稻的保钾能力。土壤交换性K比单作高5.23 ~ 7.06 %，土壤溶液K +在近地表（20 ~ 40 cm）的浓度比单作高13.79 ~ 16.61 %。该系统在支持螃蟹生产的同时，水稻的地上钾吸收量显著增加，但钾淋溶率高出14.43-24.49 %，这是由于钾平衡的显著改善而产生的权衡抵消。最重要的是，稻蟹共养表现出更强的钾可持续性，其钾的表观平衡和全钾平衡分别比水稻单养高13.51 ~ 15.77 %和16.83 ~ 18.78 %。偏最小二乘路径模型确定了地上钾吸收和土壤交换钾是水稻-蟹共养系统钾平衡的关键驱动因素。此外，在不影响水稻产量的情况下，稻蟹共养取得了显著高于水稻单作的经济效益。结论稻蟹共养可提高水稻对钾的利用，减少缺钾现象，同时具有显著的经济效益。研究结果为制定政策和鼓励更多农民采用稻蟹共养提供了参考。本研究建立了优化共养系统钾管理的定量框架，对提高水稻-水产养殖前沿的可持续性具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Silicon-mediated drought stress tolerance in wheat: Impacts on yield, nutrient uptake, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant responses 硅介导的小麦抗旱性：对产量、养分吸收、渗透调节和抗氧化反应的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110284

Jahanshah Saleh, Akbar Soliemanzadeh

Climate change has severely impacted wheat productivity in the MENA region, where water shortages and drought stress are major challenges. To address these issues, strategic approaches, such as applying silicon (Si) during critical wheat growth phases, are essential. For this purpose, split-plot field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (2020/21 and 2021/22) to evaluate the effects of four Si application levels including control (Si0), fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ (Si1), foliar spray with 2.5 kg ha⁻¹ (Si2), and foliar spray with 5 kg ha⁻¹ (Si3) combined with two irrigation regimes (100 % of the irrigation requirement, I100 and 60 % of the irrigation requirement, I60) on wheat yield performance. The results revealed that silicon application, especially the Si1 treatment followed by Si3, reduced the impact of water stress on stem length, kernel number per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, and grain yield across both seasons. For instance, applying the Si1 treatment under deficit irrigation increased grain yield by 16 % in the first year and 24 % in the second year compared with the control. The straw and grain nutrient contents were also affected by Si application and irrigation regimes. Under deficit irrigation, fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ Si significantly increased nitrogen (N) content in both straw and grain, by 6 % in the first year, and by 13 % (grain) and 23 % (straw) in the second year. The interaction between Si application and irrigation regimes significantly influenced proline, reducing sugar, and glycine betaine levels; for instance, while proline content rose under water stress conditions in both growing seasons, the Si1, Si2, and Si3 treatments significantly reduced it. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced in wheat plants under drought stress, particularly when combined with Si application. In contrast, catalase activity decreased under water stress; however, Si application significantly boosted its activity. In conclusion, fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ Si during the stem extension phase demonstrated the best performance in mitigating drought stress, enhancing wheat yield components, improving nutrient uptake, and regulating physiological responses, making it a promising strategy to strengthen wheat resilience under water-limited conditions.

气候变化严重影响了中东和北非地区的小麦产量，缺水和干旱是该地区面临的主要挑战。为了解决这些问题，在小麦生长的关键阶段应用硅（Si）等战略方法是必不可少的。为此,裂区田间试验进行了两个生长季节(2020/21和2021/22)评估的影响四个如果应用程序级别包括控制(Si0),灌溉施肥与20 公斤 公顷⁻¹ (Si1),叶面喷2.5 公斤 公顷⁻¹ (Si2)和叶面喷雾5 公斤 公顷⁻¹ (Si3)结合两个灌溉制度(100 %的灌溉需求,I100和60 %的灌溉需求,I60)对小麦产量的性能。结果表明，施硅，特别是先施硅1后施硅3，降低了水分胁迫对茎秆长、穗粒数、千粒重、生物产量和籽粒产量的影响。例如，在亏缺灌溉条件下施用Si1处理，第一年比对照增产16% %，第二年比对照增产24% %。施硅和灌溉对秸秆和籽粒养分含量也有影响。亏缺灌溉条件下，施20 kg ha⁻¹ Si可显著提高秸秆和籽粒氮素含量，第一年提高6 %，第二年提高13 %（籽粒）和23 %（秸秆）。施硅和灌溉之间的相互作用显著影响脯氨酸、还原糖和甘氨酸甜菜碱的水平；在水分胁迫条件下，脯氨酸含量在两个生长季节均呈上升趋势，但Si1、Si2和Si3处理显著降低了脯氨酸含量。干旱胁迫下小麦超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强，特别是配施硅处理。水分胁迫下，过氧化氢酶活性降低；然而，硅的应用显著提高了其活性。综上所述，茎伸期施20 kg ha¹ Si在缓解干旱胁迫、提高小麦产量组成成分、改善养分吸收和调节生理反应方面表现最佳，是提高小麦在水分限制条件下抗逆性的一种有前景的策略。

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引用次数: 0

The proliferation of maize deep root systems is beneficial for enhancing the water use efficiency of the maize-soybean intercropping system 玉米深根系的增殖有利于提高玉米-大豆间作系统的水分利用效率

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110282

Shiming Duan , Xiangyu Li , Jian Kang , Xiuwei Liu , Shichao Chen , Bin Du , Taisheng Du

Context or problem

The maize-soybean intercropping system, as a typical resource-intensive agricultural model, exhibits constrained productivity due to resource competition caused by interspecific root niche overlap.

Objective or research question

We proposes a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy that accounts for the spatiotemporal water demands of intercropped crops, aiming to improve interspecific water complementarity and decrease rhizosphere competition.

Methods

Four irrigation treatments were implemented: MSW1 (conventional irrigation, full irrigation for both crops), MSW2 (full maize with RDI soybean), MSW3 (RDI maize with full soybean), and MSW4 (RDI for both crops).

Results

Two-year field trials demonstrated that compared to MSW1 treatment, the MSW2 treatment stimulated maize deep root proliferation (+ 11–65 % in root tissue density), enabling maize to better utilize subsoil water originally accessed by soybean (+ 182–284 %). This strategy reduced irrigation volume by 9.4 %-17 % without compromising yield, while achieving a 29 % reduction in evapotranspiration and an 12 % improvement in water equivalence ratio (WER). Water use efficiency (WUE) and economic water use efficiency (EWUE) increased by 28–29 %, respectively. Grain yield under MSW2 surpassed other deficit treatments (MSW3 and MSW4) by 46 %-49 %, with 30 %-34 % of this yield advantage attributed to root spatial niche superposition effects and 70 %-167 % enhancement in interspecific hydraulic compensation effects.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that RDI can serve as an effective management tool to intentionally reshape root system interactions in maize–soybean intercropping, shifting belowground relationships from strong competition toward more complementary water use. Prioritizing full irrigation for maize while applying moderate and growth stage–specific deficits to soybean emerges can conserve water and enhances both WUE and economic returns without compromising yield.

Implications or significance

The proposed “full maize with RDI soybean” strategy can be readily implemented in existing drip irrigated intercropping systems and provides a concrete pathway for sustainable intensification of maize–soybean production in water limited agroecosystems. Future work combining this framework with high throughput root and canopy phenotyping, sensor based smart drip irrigation control and multi-site evaluations will be important to optimize and scale this approach under diverse climatic and management conditions.

玉米-大豆间作系统作为典型的资源密集型农业模式，由于种间根位重叠引起的资源竞争，限制了生产效率。本研究提出了一种考虑间作作物时空水分需求的调控亏缺灌溉策略，旨在提高种间水分互补性，减少根际竞争。方法采用MSW1（常规灌溉，两种作物全灌）、MSW2（全玉米加RDI大豆）、MSW3（全玉米加RDI大豆）和MSW4（两种作物全灌）4种灌溉处理。结果2年的田间试验表明，与MSW1处理相比，MSW2处理促进了玉米深根增殖（根组织密度+ 11-65 %），使玉米能够更好地利用大豆获取的地下水（+ 181 - 284 %）。该策略在不影响产量的情况下减少了9.4 %-17 %的灌水量，同时实现了29 %的蒸散减少和12 %的水当量比（WER）改善。水利用效率（WUE）和经济水利用效率（EWUE）分别提高了28 ~ 29% %。MSW2处理的产量比其他处理（MSW3和MSW4）高出46 % ~ 49 %，其中30 % ~ 34 %归因于根空间生态位叠加效应，70 % ~ 167 %归因于种间水力补偿效应。结论RDI可以作为一种有效的管理工具，有目的地重塑玉米-大豆间作根系的相互作用，将地下关系从激烈的竞争转向更互补的水分利用。优先对玉米进行充分灌溉，而对大豆苗期进行适度和特定生育阶段的亏水，可以在不影响产量的情况下节约用水，提高水分利用效率和经济回报。建议的“全玉米+ RDI大豆”策略可以在现有的滴灌间作系统中很容易地实施，并为水资源有限的农业生态系统中玉米-大豆生产的可持续集约化提供了具体途径。未来的工作将这一框架与高通量根和冠层表型、基于传感器的智能滴灌控制和多站点评估相结合，将对在不同气候和管理条件下优化和扩展该方法具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating cotton plant population effects on irrigation management and yield stability 评价棉花植株种群对灌溉管理和产量稳定性的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110285

Miller W. Hayes , Wesley M. Porter , John L. Snider , Lavesta C. Hand , George Vellidis

Context

The rising cost of crop inputs has driven farmers to reduce costs. One area they have focused on is the seeding rate in an effort to minimize seed cost. Numerous studies have been completed every few years to evaluate optimum seeding rates across the U.S. cotton belt. However, few of these have focused on plant population effects on irrigation requirements and water use.

Objectives and methods

To bridge this research gap, a two-year research trial was conducted at the University of Georgia’s Stripling Irrigation Research Park near Camilla, Georgia. This trial was implemented using a variable-rate overhead lateral irrigation system to irrigate nine treatments independently. The cotton cultivar Deltapine 2038 B3XF was planted and hand-thinned to represent Georgia's high, moderate, and low plant populations. Each population had a corresponding plot that was irrigated based on the UGA SmartIrrigation Cropfit app, another irrigated using a 45 kPa weighted average soil water tension (SWT) threshold, and a rainfed check in a factorial arrangement. Each treatment was replicated three times and had custom-built probes with Watermark tensiometers integrated at 8, 16, and 24 in. (Irrometer Co. Riverside, CA) attached to Realm5 telemetry (Realm, Lincoln, NE) installed randomly into two of the three replicates. SWT was logged hourly for all treatments and used for daily irrigation scheduling of appropriate plots.

Results and key findings

As populations increased, sensor-based irrigation requirements were reduced for the highest population density in both years by at least one 18 mm irrigation event compared to lower plant densities. There were no statistical correlations between crop density and yield, IWUE, or profitability, but rather irrigation treatments in 2023. Because reductions in seed input cost estimates were offset by increased irrigation input cost, which allowed for no significant benefit to reduced plant density in cotton grown in the southeastern U.S. Therefore a practical application of these findings suggest targeting a final population of 50,000 plants ha⁻¹ as a middle ground compromise both scientifically documented yield stability and increased irrigation requirements

农作物投入成本的上升促使农民降低成本。他们关注的一个领域是播种率，以尽量减少种子成本。每隔几年就会完成大量的研究来评估美国棉花带的最佳播种率。然而，这些研究很少关注植物种群对灌溉需求和用水的影响。为了弥补这一研究差距，在佐治亚州卡米拉附近的佐治亚大学的Stripling灌溉研究园进行了为期两年的研究试验。本试验采用可变速率架空侧灌系统，对9个处理进行独立灌溉。棉花品种Deltapine 2038 B3XF种植和手工修剪，以代表格鲁吉亚的高，中等和低植物种群。每个群体都有一个相应的地块，根据UGA smartirrirrigation Cropfit应用程序进行灌溉，另一个地块使用45 kPa加权平均土壤水张力（SWT）阈值进行灌溉，并在阶因安排中进行降雨检查。每个处理重复三次，并在8、16和24 in处集成了定制探针和水印张力计。（Irrometer Co. Riverside， CA）连接到Realm5遥测技术（Realm, Lincoln， NE），随机安装在三个重复中的两个中。所有处理每小时记录一次SWT，并用于适当地块的每日灌溉计划。结果和主要发现：随着种群数量的增加，在两年中，与低密度相比，在最高种群密度下，基于传感器的灌溉需求至少减少了一次18 mm的灌溉事件。2023年作物密度与产量、IWUE或盈利能力之间没有统计学相关性，但灌溉处理与产量、IWUE或盈利能力之间存在统计学相关性。由于种子投入成本的减少被灌溉投入成本的增加所抵消，这使得美国东南部棉花种植密度的降低没有显著的好处。因此，这些研究结果的实际应用表明，将最终数量定为50,000株/公顷作为折衷方案，既能保证科学记录的产量稳定，又能增加灌溉需求

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling decisive attributes for yield maximization in conservation agriculture: A five-year analysis of rice-chickpea system in South Asian rice ecologies 揭示保护性农业产量最大化的决定性属性：南亚水稻生态系统中水稻-鹰嘴豆系统的五年分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110288

C.P. Nath , Narendra Kumar , Asik Dutta , Mukesh Kumar , C.S. Praharaj , Raghavendra Singh , Suman Sen , Rajeev Kumar Verma , G.P. Dixit

Context

Conservation agriculture (CA) is increasingly promoted for sustaining crop productivity and climate resilience in diverse agro-ecologies. However, yield gain under CA is not often uniform and significant compared to conventional tillage (CT). A deeper understanding of decisive crop traits driving yields under CA is critical for higher yield gain.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of CA and CT-based systems with weed management practices on growth, physiological, and yield traits of rice and chickpea, and to delineate the key functional traits of these crops for yield maximization under CA.

Methods

A five-year field experiment (2016–2021) was conducted on a rice–chickpea rotation in split-plot design with three replications with system-based CT and zero tillage (ZT) combined with residue retention (RR) in main plot and weed management practices in subplot. The key functional traits of growth and yields were identified using structural equation modelling (SEM), regression and multivariate analysis.

Results

The CA practice such as ZT dry seeded rice (ZTDSR) followed by ZT chickpea with added residues (ZTDSR–ZTC+RR) improved rice dry matter and root dry weight by 16–28 % over transplanted puddled rice (TPR) – CT chickpea without crop residues (TPR–CTC–NR). The yields in CA system were constrained by 20–39 % higher unfilled grains panicle⁻¹ than CT. In chickpea, CA practice enhanced pod number, root dry weight, and nodulation, resulting in a 10 % higher mean yield over CT. The CA reduced rice chlorophyll by 7–8 %, but increased chickpea chlorophyll by 4–5 %. The SEM revealed that unfilled grains panicle⁻¹ (–24.6 % than CT) dominated yield losses in CA-based ZTDSR, while pod weight and nodule number plant⁻¹ strongly influenced ZT chickpea yields. System productivity was initially higher under CT, but CA with pre + post emergence herbicides (pendimethalin–metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl in rice and oxyfluorfen–propaquizafop in chickpea) outperformed from second year onwards.

Conclusion and significance

The present study identified unfilled grains panicle⁻¹ in rice and pod/nodulation traits in chickpea as decisive yield factors in CA. The major trade-offs for higher yields under CA were unfilled grains panicle⁻¹ for rice and higher vegetative biomass vis-à-vis reduced pod weight plant⁻¹ for chickpea. Therefore, concerted efforts are required to develop improved trait specific adaptable varieties and for yield maximization for CA.

保护性农业（CA）越来越多地得到推广，以维持作物生产力和不同农业生态系统的气候适应能力。然而，与常规耕作（CT）相比，CA下的产量增加往往不均匀和显著。更深入地了解在CA下驱动产量的决定性作物性状对于获得更高的产量至关重要。目的比较基于CA和ct的系统与杂草管理措施对水稻和鹰嘴豆生长、生理和产量性状的影响。方法采用3个重复的水稻-鹰嘴豆分块轮作5年田间试验（2016-2021），主区采用基于系统的CT和免耕（ZT）加留茬（RR），次区采用杂草管理。利用结构方程模型（SEM）、回归分析和多变量分析，确定了水稻生长和产量的关键功能性状。结果ZT干种稻(ZTDSR) + ZT添加残茬鹰嘴豆（ZTDSR - ztc +RR）比移栽水煮稻(TPR) - CT无残茬鹰嘴豆（TPR - ctc - nr）的水稻干物质和根系干重提高了16-28 %。CA体系的产量受穗- 1粒未灌浆比CT高出20-39 %的制约。在鹰嘴豆中，CA实践增强了豆荚数，根干重和结瘤，导致比CT平均产量高出10 %。CA使水稻叶绿素降低7 - 8% %，而使鹰嘴豆叶绿素增加4 - 5% %。扫描电镜显示，未灌浆的穗粒- 1（比CT -24.6 %）是ZT鹰嘴豆产量损失的主要原因，而荚果重和根瘤数对ZT鹰嘴豆产量影响较大。系统生产力最初在CT下较高，但从第二年开始，使用孕前+ 孕后除草剂的CA（水稻中使用对二甲甲烷-甲磺隆-甲基+氯脲-乙基，鹰嘴豆中使用氟虫酮-丙咪唑）表现优于其他除草剂。结论和意义本研究确定了水稻穗- 1未灌浆和鹰嘴豆的荚果/结瘤性状是人工增收的决定性产量因素。在人工增收条件下，水稻穗- 1未灌浆和鹰嘴豆更高的营养生物量（-à-vis减少了荚果重量）是提高产量的主要权衡因素。因此，需要共同努力，开发改良的性状特异性适应性品种，实现玉米产量最大化。

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引用次数: 0

Synergizing root growth and carboxylate release enhance seed yield in maize-soybean intercropping on acidic karst soils 酸性岩溶土壤上根系生长和羧酸盐释放协同作用提高玉米-大豆间作种子产量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110286

Cheng-Xi Yi , Yi Jin , Long-Gui Li , Yu-Mei Wang , Yu Dai , Qiao Zhu , Xiao-Li Wang , Yinglong Chen , Xiao-Min Wu , Jin He , Sanwei Yang

Context

Southwest China is one of the largest karst regions, where nitrogen (N) deficiency and poor management limit crop productivity. Maize-soybean intercropping is a widely adopted planting model used by farmers across China. Therefore, innovative crop management practices to improve productivity in this region are essential to ensure China’s food security.

Objective and methods

Ridge-furrow with film mulching (RFM) combined with N supply was introduced for the first time into the maize-soybean intercropping system. Eight treatment combinations (maize and soybean monocultures (M), maize-soybean intercropping with RFM and with ridge-furrow (RF) under 0 (N0) and 150 (N150) kg N ha⁻¹ supply) were used to investigate changes in seed yield, land use efficiency, biomass, N uptake, and root morphological and physiological traits from 2020 to 2023 in Southwest China.

Results

The results showed that introduction of RFM into the maize-soybean intercropping system significantly increased maize (13 %) and soybean (42 %) seed yields and land equivalent ratio (LER) (25 %) compared to ridge-furrow without film mulching. Meanwhile, N150 significantly increased maize (33 %) and soybean (24 %) seed yields compared to N0 across four years. The high LER was attributed to the increased yields of maize and soybean, which were associated with higher biomass and N uptake under RFM. The promotion of root growth, such as increased root length and carboxylate release with RFM, enhanced N uptake in both maize and soybean was observed across three years (2021–2023). In addition, N application significantly increased biomass accumulation, N uptake, root length, and carboxylate release at two developmental stages across two years (2022 and 2023), thus contributing to higher seed yields in maize and soybean.

Conclusion

RFM combined with N supply can further increase crop yield and land use efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping systems in karst areas. This improvement is explained by the enhancement of the “N-capture”, related to root morphological traits, and “N-mining”, related to carboxylate release, which together increase N uptake, biomass, and ultimately seed yield.

Implications

RFM combined with N addition could be considered an efficiency strategy to increase crop productivity in maize-soybean intercropping systems in karst agroecosystems. Our results provided insights into the effects of crop management practices and N addition on N-acquisition strategies and their roles in nutrition uptake and yield formation.

中国西南是最大的喀斯特地区之一，氮素缺乏和管理不善限制了作物的生产力。玉米-大豆间作是中国农民普遍采用的种植模式。因此，创新作物管理实践以提高该地区的生产力对于确保中国的粮食安全至关重要。目的与方法首次在玉米-大豆间作系统中引入垄沟覆膜配施氮肥。研究了2020 - 2023年西南地区玉米-大豆单作、玉米-大豆RFM间作和垄沟复合（RFM）处理下0 （N0）和150 (N150) kg N ha−1的种子产量、土地利用效率、生物量、氮素吸收和根系形态生理性状的变化。结果玉米-大豆间作系统采用RFM后，玉米和大豆种子产量（13 %）和土地等效比（25 %）显著高于垄沟不覆盖。与N0相比，N150显著提高了玉米（33 %）和大豆（24 %）的种子产量。高LER归因于玉米和大豆产量的增加，这与RFM下的生物量和氮吸收量增加有关。在2021-2023年的3年中，研究人员观察到RFM对玉米和大豆的根系生长有促进作用，如增加根长和羧酸盐释放，增强对氮的吸收。此外，在2022年和2023年的两个发育阶段，施氮显著增加了玉米和大豆的生物量积累、氮吸收、根长和羧酸盐释放，从而提高了玉米和大豆的种子产量。结论岩溶地区玉米-大豆间作氮肥配施可进一步提高作物产量和土地利用效率。这种改善可以解释为与根系形态性状相关的“N捕获”和与羧酸盐释放相关的“N挖掘”的增强，它们共同增加了N的吸收、生物量和最终的种子产量。结论在喀斯特农业生态系统中，玉米-大豆间作复合施氮可作为提高作物生产力的有效策略。我们的研究结果揭示了作物管理措施和氮素添加对氮素获取策略的影响及其在营养吸收和产量形成中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation mulching with plastic film in maize field of arid irrigation region: Agronomic performance, economic, and environmental effects 干旱灌区玉米地膜保护性覆盖：农艺、经济和环境效应

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110283

Xiao-Bin Xiong , Ze-Ying Zhao , Peng-Yang Wang , Xiao-Yu Lu , Ying Zhu , Meng Hao , Ning Wang , Meng-Ying Li , Xiao-Feng Zhang , Hong-Yan Tao , You-Cai Xiong

Context

Agricultural plastic film mulching (PFM) threatens agroecosystem sustainability, making pollution mitigation strategies an urgent priority. Conservation mulching with plastic film (CM) (i.e. mulching once but continuing use for two or more years) – shows a promise for reducing residual plastic pollution in arid irrigated regions, yet remains critically understudied.

Objectives

This work quantifies CM’s effects on soil quality, crop productivity, and plastic film residuals in arid irrigated farmland.

Methods

A two-year experiment (2019–2020) was conducted in maize field with three mulching treatments (half plastic film mulching, HM; CM and full plastic film mulching, FM) and one control group (CK, non-mulching). And each plot area was 5.5 × 5 m (27.5 m²). Soil physicochemical properties, yield components, and film physical integrity were monitored to evaluate economic - environmental trade - offs.

Results

CM enabled soil temperature, moisture, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) comparable to those of HM and FM (p > 0.05), and also significantly resulted in better growth performance (height, leaf area index - LAI) than HM and CK did (p < 0.05). Crucially, CM was observed to improve soil quality as: macro-aggregates (39.8 % vs. HM 34.7 %/FM 33.8 %), total nitrogen (+9.5 % vs. CK), and microbial activity (readily oxidizable carbon +26.8 %, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen +21.0/26.4 %) exceeded HM/FM (p < 0.05). Particularly, CM harvested the highest net economic benefit (NEB, 4834 USD/ha) with lower plastic input and residue, demonstrating superior sustainability.

Conclusion

In summary, CM avoids exacerbating residual film pollution in arid irrigated regions while delivering peak profitability through lower inputs and enhanced crop yields. It further improves soil quality, though inherent limitations warrant further investigation.

农业地膜覆盖（PFM）威胁着农业生态系统的可持续性，使污染缓解战略成为当务之急。保护性地膜覆盖（即覆盖一次，但持续使用两年或更长时间）显示出减少干旱灌区残留塑料污染的希望，但仍未得到充分研究。目的定量研究CM对干旱灌区土壤质量、作物生产力和地膜残留的影响。方法在玉米田进行为期2年（2019-2020年）的试验，采用半地膜覆盖（HM）、全地膜覆盖（CM）和全地膜覆盖（FM） 3种覆盖处理和1个对照组（CK，不覆盖）。每个样地面积为5.5 × 5 m（27.5 m2）。对土壤理化性质、产量成分和薄膜物理完整性进行了监测，以评估经济与环境的权衡。结果土壤温度、水分、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）与HM和FM相当（p >； 0.05），生长性能（高度、叶面积指数- LAI）显著优于HM和CK （p <； 0.05）。最重要的是，CM对土壤质量的改善效果是：宏观团聚体（39.8 % vs HM 34.7 %/FM 33.8 %）、总氮（+9.5 % vs CK）和微生物活性（易氧化碳+26.8 %，微生物生物量碳和氮+21.0/26.4 %）超过HM/FM （p <； 0.05）。特别是，CM收获了最高的净经济效益（NEB， 4834美元/公顷），塑料投入和残留物较少，显示出优越的可持续性。综上所述，CM避免了干旱灌区残膜污染的加剧，同时通过降低投入和提高作物产量实现了最高收益。它进一步改善了土壤质量，尽管其固有的局限性值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing irrigation regimes and split nitrogen topdressing enhances grain yield and bread baking quality in strong gluten wheat 优化灌溉制度和分氮追肥可提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和面包烘烤品质

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110280

Chuan Zhong , Jing Ma , Xiaoru Liu , Shuping Shi , Mengyu Li , Yanjie Zhang , Fan Li , Tao Yang , Mingrong He , Xinglong Dai

Context:

Strong gluten wheat is economically vital for bread production but faces a persistent yield-quality tradeoff. While irrigation boosts yield, it often dilutes grain protein, compromising bread baking quality. Split nitrogen (N) topdressing can enhance protein, but its synergistic effects with irrigation regimes remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to (1) quantify the interactive effects of irrigation regimes and split N topdressing on grain yield and bread baking quality in strong gluten wheat, and (2) elucidate water-N synergy regulating protein composition and dough functionality.

Methods:

A two-year field experiment (2022–2024) employed a split-split plot design with two strong gluten wheat cultivars (JM5022: Jimai 5022, SN44: Shannong 44), three irrigation regimes (W1: 45 mm at jointing stage; W2: 45 mm at jointing stage + 45 mm at anthesis; W3: 45 mm at jointing stage + 45 mm at anthesis + 45 mm at grain filling stage), and two N topdressing patterns (SNT_3:7: 30 % basal + 70 % jointing stage; SNT_3:5:2: 30 % basal + 50 % jointing stage + 20 % anthesis). Measurements included yield and its components, plant N accumulation, protein and its components, dough rheology, protein secondary structure, and bread quality.

Results:

The W3SNT_3:5:2 treatment maximized grain yield (17.29 % – 26.10 % higher than W1SNT_3:7), attributed to increased spike number (8.27 % and 9.19 % in JM5022) and 1,000-kernel weight (7.26 % and 9.81 % in SN44). However, W2SNT_3:5:2 optimally balanced yield and quality: it elevated grain protein by enhancing post-anthesis N remobilization, increased glutenin and HMW-GS content (by 7.47 % – 23.85 % and 28.34 % – 49.48 %, respectively, compare to W3SNT_3:7), and stabilized protein secondary structure (higher β-sheet, α-helix and lower β-turn random coil). Consequently, it improved farinograph stability and extensograph resistance, with bread volume and scores increasing by 9.85 % – 10.04 % and 8.81 % – 9.63 %, respectively, compare to W3SNT_3:7.

Conclusions

Synergistic optimizing irrigation regimes and split N topdressing, specifically 90 mm irrigation (45 mm at jointing + 45 mm at anthesis) with 30 % basal + 50 % jointing + 20 % anthesis N, simultaneously enhances yield and bread baking quality. This regimen mitigates irrigation-induced protein dilution by promoting plant post-anthesis N assimilation, optimizing glutenin composition, and stabilizing protein conformation, providing a practical strategy for high yield, premium quality strong gluten wheat production.

背景：强筋小麦在经济上对面包生产至关重要，但面临着持续的产量质量权衡。虽然灌溉可以提高产量，但往往会稀释谷物蛋白质，影响面包的烘焙质量。氮肥追肥可以提高蛋白质含量，但其与灌溉制度的协同效应尚不清楚。目的本研究旨在(1)量化灌溉制度和分施氮追肥对强筋小麦籽粒产量和面包烘焙品质的交互影响，(2)阐明水氮协同作用对蛋白质组成和面团功能的调节。方法:两年田间试验(2022 - 2024)采用晚稻设计有两个强筋小麦品种(JM5022: 5022年Jimai SN44: Shannong 44),三个灌溉制度(W1: 45 mm在拔节期;W2: 45 毫米拔节期+ 45 毫米开花;W3: 45 毫米拔节期+ 45 毫米开花+ 45 mm在灌浆期阶段),和两个N表面处治模式(SNT3:7: 30 %基底+ 70 %拔节;SNT3:5:2: 30 % 50 基底+ %拔节期+ 20 %开花)。测定指标包括产量及其组成、植株氮素积累、蛋白质及其组成、面团流变学、蛋白质二级结构和面包品质。结果：W3SNT3:5:2处理籽粒产量最高（比W1SNT3:7提高17.29 % ~ 26.10 %），这主要是由于穗数增加（JM5022增加8.27 %、9.19 %），千粒重增加（SN44增加7.26 %、9.81 %）。然而，W2SNT3:5:2在产量和品质上达到了最佳平衡：通过提高花后氮的再活化来提高籽粒蛋白质，增加谷蛋白和HMW-GS含量（与W3SNT3:7相比分别提高了7.47 % ~ 23.85 %和28.34 % ~ 49.48 %），稳定了蛋白质二级结构（较高的β-片、α-螺旋和较低的β-转随机线圈）。结果表明，与W3SNT3:7相比，其面包体积和分数分别提高了9.85 % ~ 10.04 %和8.81 % ~ 9.63 %。结论以30 %基灌+ 50 %拔节+ 20 %花期氮素90 mm灌溉（拔节期45 mm +花期45 mm）为优化灌溉方式和分施氮肥，可同时提高产量和面包烘烤品质。该方案通过促进植物花后氮同化、优化谷蛋白组成和稳定蛋白质构象来减轻灌溉引起的蛋白质稀释，为高产优质强筋小麦生产提供了实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Yield production efficiencies as affected by nutrient management strategies under different rice cropping systems 不同水稻种植制度下养分管理策略对产量生产效率的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110273

Zhuo Xu , Ping He , Xinyou Yin , Paul C. Struik

Context

Smart nutrient management strategies enhance rice yield while conserving resources. Nutrient Expert® (NE) was designed to offer fertilisation decision support for smallholders to improve productivity compared with farmers’ practice (FP) and commonly used soil testing-based management (ST). So far, NE-led yield increase in rice was analysed in terms of nutrient use efficiency. However, the crop physiological basis of the yield increase has not been investigated in detail, especially not in terms of the crucial parameter “radiation use efficiency (RUE)”.

Methods

We analysed data from multi-location field experiments conducted in 2019 and 2020, varying in management of the cropping system and nutrient supply. Yield formation was dissected into components, consisting of the efficiency of intercepting incident radiation by the canopy (ε_i), the efficiency of converting intercepted radiation into biomass (ε_c, or RUE), and the efficiency of partitioning biomass to grains (ε_p, or harvest index).

Results

Overall, season-long values of ε_i with suitable fertilisation were in the range of 0.7–0.8; ε_c ranged from 0.6 to 1.9 g MJ^–1, depending on soil nutrients, environmental conditions, and genotype. ε_p values were in the range of 0.5 – 0.6. Despite higher ε_i of FP due to the increase in N input, NE had a slight yield advantage, mainly attributed to the improved ε_c and ε_p. Across most rice cropping systems, correlations of yield were strongest with ε_c, followed by the correlation with ε_i, among the three efficiencies.

Conclusions and implications

We identified ε_c as the major, and ε_i as the second important, physiological parameter underlying the yield increase by NE-based nutrient management. This differs from the results of crop improvement during the Green Revolution when ε_p primarily contributed to yield gain in major cereal crops.

智能营养管理策略在节约资源的同时提高了水稻产量。nutrition Expert®（NE）旨在为小农提供施肥决策支持，与农民实践（FP）和常用的基于土壤测试的管理（ST）相比，提高生产力。到目前为止，从养分利用效率的角度分析了ne对水稻增产的影响。然而，作物增产的生理基础尚未得到详细的研究，特别是在关键参数“辐射利用效率”（RUE）方面。方法分析了2019年和2020年在不同种植制度和养分供应管理下进行的多地点田间试验数据。产量形成被分解为三个组成部分，分别是冠层拦截入射辐射的效率（εi）、将拦截辐射转化为生物量的效率（εc，即RUE）和将生物量分配给籽粒的效率（εp，即收获指数）。结果总体而言，适宜施肥时εi的全季值在0.7 ~ 0.8之间；εc随土壤养分、环境条件和基因型的不同变化范围为0.6 ~ 1.9 g MJ-1。εp值在0.5 ~ 0.6之间。尽管由于N投入的增加，FP的εi增加，但NE的产量略有优势，这主要是由于εc和εp的提高。在大多数水稻种植制度中，产量与εc的相关性最强，与εi的相关性次之。结论与意义εc和εi分别为ne型养分管理增产的主要生理参数和次要生理参数。这与绿色革命期间作物改良的结果不同，当时εp主要对主要谷类作物的产量增加做出了贡献。

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