Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of concentration and period on the transient pool boiling heat transfer of Fe3O4-based aqueous nanofluids","authors":"Abutaleb Ramezani ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Faghih Khorasani ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Ayoobi","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high conductivity of metal nanoparticles and the flowability of the base fluid led to significant changes in heat transfer rates when ferrofluids are used in the boiling process. Pool boiling tests were conducted in this study using Fe₃O₄/water ferrofluid at concentrations of 0.01 %, 0.05 %, and 0.1 % under transient conditions lasting from 1 s to 5000 s. In the present study, the ferrofluid was prepared through a two-step process. A horizontal nickel-chrome wire served as the heater and the heat flux was assessed as a quadratic polynomial function for each period, with a linear increase in applied voltage. Results showed that increasing nanoparticle concentration accelerates the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) and raises critical heat flux (CHF) by up to 137 %. However, longer periods lead to delayed ONB, increased superheat temperature, a maximum 25 % reduction in CHF, and a maximum 96 % reduction in heat transfer coefficient at the CHF point in any given nanoparticle concentration. at concentrations of 0.01 %, 0.05 %, and 0.1 %, the heat transfer coefficient at the CHF point experiences a decline of 96.5 %, 95.15 %, and 89.7 %, respectively, with an increased period compared to the baseline period of t = 1 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of droplet freezing front and surface temperature on cold surface under forced convection","authors":"Xueqiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Duo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Pan ,&nbsp;Weidong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of freezing front and surface temperature in droplet freezing process under forced convection condition was studied. The influence mechanism of convective heat transfer on the droplet freezing front was explored through the surface temperature change. A prediction model for droplet freezing under forced convection was established by considering the effect of convective heat transfer. The results indicated that in the peak freezing mode, the rise of the freezing front is driven by the heat conduction of the cold surface, while in the peakless freezing mode, the freezing front will reach thermal equilibrium, and its movement is driven by the frost induced inter-droplet nucleation. Affected by the force-convective heat transfer, the temperature difference inside the droplet increases significantly. The higher droplet surface temperature on the windward makes the freezing front and isotherm tilt towards the windward. As airflow velocity increase, the larger convective heat transfer leads to slower temperature decrease in the solidification stage. By analyzing the freezing front moving process on the windward and leeward separately, the evolution of the freezing front and solidification time can be predicted accurately by the model for the peak freezing mode, and the calculated critical criterion for freezing mode transition agrees well with the experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of Dean-vortices oscillation downstream of a 90° Bend","authors":"Bilal Ben Haroual ,&nbsp;Julie Albagnac ,&nbsp;Pierre Brancher ,&nbsp;Sébastien Cazin ,&nbsp;Didier Boldo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Thibert ,&nbsp;Romain Mathis","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work experimentally investigates the dynamics of a pipe flow downstream of a 90° bend in turbulent regime. The study is carried out on two different test benches, enabling to cover a decade in Reynolds numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>∈</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>). Laser-based metrology techniques are employed to capture the three velocity components in several flow sections, namely, cross-sections orthogonal to the main flow and vertical diametral planes (parallel to the main flow direction). Time-resolved and long-time decorrelated measurements allow the characterisation of both the dynamics and the statistics of the flow. These measurements highlight the behaviour of the fully three-dimensional flow generated downstream of the bend. In particular, an oscillation of the dipolar structure generated by the bend, known as the Dean vortices, is measured and analysed using a Lamb–Chaplygin analytical model. The dependency of the flow behaviour as a function of both the Reynolds number and the distance downstream of the bend and the return to axisymmetric flow are evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on gravity effect on frosting characteristics on surfaces of cold surface under natural convection","authors":"Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Mengjie Song ,&nbsp;Seyyed Hossein Hosseini ,&nbsp;Haikun Zheng ,&nbsp;Huan Su ,&nbsp;Yingjie Xu ,&nbsp;Sheng-Lun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frosting phenomenon is widely seen in nature and also observed in space station. To deeply understand the gravity effect on frosting characteristics, and thus accurately predict and control the frosting process in space station, series of frosting experiments were designed and conducted on cold surface with three different placement angles at surface temperatures of −25 °C and −15 °C under natural convection. The results show that gravity primarily affects the frosting characteristics by changing the flow field of water vapor and the heat transfer capability near the frost layer surface. As cold surface placement moves from horizontal to vertical to inverted, the peak value of average frost layer thickness during the early stage increases to 206.43 × 10⁻⁶ m and 297.14 × 10⁻⁶ m, and the peak frosting rate is reduced to 4.98 × 10⁻⁶ m/s and 3.47 × 10⁻⁶ m/s throughout the whole frosting process, respectively. With the changing of cold surface placement, the time when the first reverse melting occurs on the frost layer surface was extended by 121.53 % and 57.37 %, the frequency of reverse melting was reduced by 30 % and 40 %, and the maximum value of reverse melting was reduced by 79.53 % and 91.09 %, respectively. This study could serve as a reference for frosting models, or development of anti-frosting or defrosting technologies in space station.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic pressure generated from laser-induced bubble collapse near an elastic membrane","authors":"Jingdong Shen ,&nbsp;Huiying Xu ,&nbsp;Yuying Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Gao ,&nbsp;Fei Xu ,&nbsp;Fubing Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the acoustic pressure signals are measured and analyzed to investigate the characteristics of the shock waves generated from a laser-induced bubble collapsing near an elastic membrane. A high-speed shadowgraph imaging system is utilized to visualize bubble evolution, and a needle probe hydrophone is employed to detect the accompanying acoustic transients. The influences of dimension distance, <em>γ</em>, on the acoustic pressure and the collapse shock wave energy are examined. In each case, two notable peaks are observed in the acoustic pressure profile, corresponding to the shock waves emitted at the optical breakdown of the laser pulse and at the first collapse of the bubble when it reaches its minimum volume. Asymmetrical collapse of the bubble can lead to the emission of multiple shock waves and a decreased in the pressure peak. Moreover, the normalized shock wave energy in our experiments varies between 2.61 % and 13.65 %, initially decreasing and then increasing with the decrease of dimensionless distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of fuel adhesion from wall-impinging spray with various injection mass ratios","authors":"Feixiang Chang ,&nbsp;Hongliang Luo ,&nbsp;Chang Zhai ,&nbsp;Yu Jin ,&nbsp;Peiyou Xiong ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Song ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Keiya Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, interactions between spray and wall surfaces are a common phenomenon. This interaction results in fuel adhering to the surfaces of the cylinder and piston, which in turn greatly influences both combustion efficiency and emission levels. This work explored the influence of various injection mass ratios (D25-75, D50-50, D75-25) on fuel adhesion properties, employing the refractive index matching (RIM) technique in both non-evaporation and evaporation environments. Findings indicated that the split injection mass ratios notably affected fuel adhesion. Under the non-evaporation condition, the highest adhesion mass ratio was observed for D50-50, which was 14.5 %, whereas D25-75 and D75-25 exhibited adhesion mass ratios of 11.9 % and 12.5 % at 60 ms after the start of injection (ASOI). This increase was attributed to two factors: “fuel adhesion thickness” and “penetration velocity”, both of which contributed to enhance splashing and ultimately resulted in the highest adhesion mass of D50-50. However, under the evaporation condition, the adhesion mass of D50-50 declined quickly in comparison to those of other injection mass ratios. This rapid decrease was caused by the uneven adhesion of D50-50, which tended to collapse and evaporate faster at high ambient temperatures, as the uniformity of D50-50 was poorer than those of other injection mass ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into wax deposition challenges: Experimental investigation across varied pipeline curvatures","authors":"Nura Makwashi ,&nbsp;Donglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Bingxing Wang ,&nbsp;Mukhtar Abdulkadir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umar Garba","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the intricate phenomenon of wax deposition in oil pipelines, with a primary focus on enhancing the understanding of wax deposition mechanisms. Special attention is given to the role of pipe curvature in influencing these deposition processes, exploring how bends in pipeline structures may alter the behaviour of wax deposition, potentially leading to operational challenges. A novel flow rig was designed and commissioned to simulate wax deposition in straight pipes and pipes with 45° and 90° bends at both horizontal and inclined positions. The objective of the work is to quantify the impact of flow parameters, such as the temperature and flow rate, on wax buildup under different pipe configurations. The results demonstrate that the temperature and flow rate are critical factors influencing wax deposition processes. Specifically, lower temperatures (ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C) and laminar flow conditions (Re &lt; 2000) significantly aggravate wax deposition. It was found that pipe curvature plays a crucial role in the severity of wax buildup. For instance, the pipes with 45° and 90° bends exhibited deposition rates up to 8 % and 10 % higher than those observed in straight pipes, under the same flow conditions. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating pipe curvature effects into wax deposition models, especially in pipelines with complex geometries. This study provides new insights into enhancing the accuracy of predictive models for wax deposition. It highlights the importance of incorporating additional mechanisms, such as Brownian diffusion and gravity settling, in conjunction with traditional factors like molecular diffusion and shear dispersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind tunnel experimental investigation on aerodynamic noise characteristics of full-scale pantographs with single or double contact strips","authors":"Kailong Jin ,&nbsp;Yamin Ma ,&nbsp;Sijun Huang ,&nbsp;Rong Jia ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Mou ,&nbsp;Jiahui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Huadong Yao ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the train speed continuous increase, the noise caused by high-speed trains has long troubled residents along the railway. The pantograph protrudes from the surface of the train and is the main source of train aerodynamic noise. This study aims to understand the aerodynamic noise characteristics of pantographs to assist in the development of higher-speed trains, the aerodynamic noise from two types of full-scale pantographs with single contact strip and double contact strips was measured using various microphones in wind tunnel tests, and a comparative analysis was conducted. Subsequently, based on the analysis results and engineering experience, a new low-noise pantograph design idea is proposed. The research results are as follows: The spatial distribution of the main noise source is affected by both model and operation status of the pantograph. Based on the noise map of specific frequencies, the panhead and base frame have been identified as the primary noise sources. Due to the complex structure of the arm knuckle in the double contact strips pantograph, it is prone to generating high-intensity noise. Both distribution and intensity of the surface acoustic load in the panhead area of the pantograph with the single contact strip are significantly affected by the operation status, with differences in overall sound pressure level reaching up to 15 dB. In the airflow speed range of 160 km/h to 324 km/h, the overall sound energy of the pantograph far-field noise increases with the speed raised to the power of 5.60–6.01. For pantographs designed for speeds of up to 400 km/h, a streamlined design and optimization on the base frame are very necessary. The data and conclusions obtained in this study are highly significant for guiding the use, design, and noise control of pantographs for high-speed trains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of combination degree effects on characteristics of twin round impinging jets","authors":"Jiaqi Chen ,&nbsp;Mengcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xikun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the velocity distribution of impinging twin jets at various spacing distances, heights, and Reynolds numbers using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results indicate that the velocity on the symmetry line can be used to determine the positions of the merging point (MP) and the combined point (CP), independent of the Reynolds number. For round jets, the position of MP varies linearly with spacing, facilitating the assessment of twin jets development. Furthermore, the mean velocity increase along the symmetry line in the merging region follows a modified exponential-Gaussian distribution. Three specific degrees of combination are defined based on the interaction of the twin jets with the impingement plate: combined, incompletely combined, and separated. Additionally, three distinct flow field structures in the impinging jet region may emerge depending on the degree of combination. In the case of incompletely combined twin jets with a relatively low combination degree, a pair of counter-rotating vortices exists above the plate in the impinging region.<!--> <!-->There exists a critical height and spacing that results in the disappearance of vortices. This study is expected to provide guidance for predicting the degree of combination and the flow field characteristics of the impinging twin jets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of the unsteady wall shear stress vector using multi-aperture defocusing microscopic particle tracking velocimetry","authors":"Joachim Klinner,&nbsp;Christian E. Willert","doi":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2024.111395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A volumetric, three component microscopic particle tracking velocimetry (μPTV) system is presented which relies on single window optical access for both high-speed tracer illumination and image recording. Similar to the triple aperture “defocusing” concept originally introduced by Willert and Gharib (1992), the wall distance of individual particles is obtained from the size of projected particle image triplets formed by a triplet of apertures on the entrance pupil of the microscope lens. The measurement principle is validated with particle tracking measurements of a canonical turbulent boundary layer (TBL) within the closed test section of a wind tunnel at free-stream velocities of <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>≤</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>U</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><mo>≤</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></math></span> with corresponding shear Reynolds numbers of <span><math><mrow><mn>560</mn><mo>≤</mo><msub><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>1630</mn></mrow></math></span>. Velocity profiles and higher order statistics are obtained by bin averaging of the particle velocity data up to the inner turbulence peak at a wall distance of <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>ν</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span> with a spatial resolution better than 5<!--> <!-->µm. Excellent agreement with DNS data was obtained at similar Reynolds numbers. The unsteady wall shear stress (WSS) is estimated from particle tracking data sampled in the viscous sub-layer (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>). The joint probability density distributions of stream- and spanwise WSS components are reliably obtained down to probability densities of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> which, to date, has rarely been achieved through measurements. Fluctuations of the WSS components follow the Reynolds number dependency of the correlations reported in the literature but were found to be systematically underestimated with increasing distance of the sampling volume from the wall, affecting the spanwise component to a higher degree. A correction method is suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12294,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 111395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}