Forensic science international最新文献_第8页

Postmortem distribution of isotonitazene and its three metabolites in the first lethal case observed in France 在法国第一例死亡病例中观察到异烟肼及其三种代谢物的死后分布。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112763

J.-J. Bendjilali-Sabiani , C. Eiden , M. Lossois , L. Martrille , H. Peyriere , O. Mathieu

Background

Isotonitazene (IZN) is a potent synthetic opioid associated with a growing number of fatal intoxications worldwide. Despite its increasing presence in forensic cases, postmortem data regarding the distribution of IZN and its metabolites in human tissues remain limited.

Case presentation

We report the first documented case of fatal IZN intoxication in France, involving a 39-year-old man with a history of heroin use. Comprehensive postmortem toxicological analysis was conducted using a LC-MS/MS quantification method. Quantification of IZN and its three active metabolites: N-desethyl-isotonitazene, 4’hydroxy-nitazene, and 5-amino-isotonitazene was performed in multiple matrices, including blood, urine, bile, and solid organs.

Results

IZN was detected in femoral and cardiac blood, with concentrations of 1.20 ng/mL and 1.74 ng/mL, respectively. High concentrations were observed in the heart (20 ng/g), lungs (32.6 ng/g), and brain (7.9 ng/g), consistent with marked postmortem redistribution. Active metabolites showed variable distribution: N-desethyl isotonitazene was detected in lung tissue and brain, 5-amino isotonitazene in both brain and lungs, while 4’-hydroxy-nitazene appeared to be predominantly eliminated via the biliary route. A high concentration of IZN at the injection site (343.2 ng/mL) indicated intravenous administration. Ethanol and cetirizine were also present at non-lethal concentrations.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported fatal IZN intoxication with comprehensive postmortem analysis, including quantification of active metabolites in solid organs. The case is marked by low peripheral blood levels, extensive redistribution, and selective tissue accumulation. Active metabolites: N-desethyl IZN, 4′-hydroxy-nitazene, and 5-amino IZN showed distinct distribution and elimination profiles. These findings highlight the high potency, rapid metabolism, and complex toxicokinetic of IZN.

背景：异烟肼（IZN）是一种强效的合成阿片类药物，在世界范围内与越来越多的致命中毒有关。尽管IZN在法医案件中的出现越来越多，但关于IZN及其代谢物在人体组织中的分布的尸检数据仍然有限。病例介绍：我们报告了法国第一例致命的IZN中毒病例，涉及一名有海洛因使用史的39岁男子。采用LC-MS/MS定量方法对死后动物进行全面毒理学分析。在血液、尿液、胆汁和实体器官等多种基质中定量IZN及其三种活性代谢物：n -去乙基-异戊二烯、4′-羟基-硝基和5-氨基-异戊二烯。结果：在股血和心血中检测到IZN，浓度分别为1.20 ng/mL和1.74 ng/mL。在心脏（20 ng/g）、肺（32.6 ng/g）和脑（7.9 ng/g）中观察到高浓度，与死后明显的再分布一致。活性代谢物分布多变：n -去乙基异硝基苯存在于肺组织和脑中，5-氨基异硝基苯存在于脑和肺中，而4′-羟基硝基苯似乎主要通过胆道途径被清除。注射部位高浓度IZN（343.2 ng/mL）提示静脉给药。乙醇和西替利嗪也以非致死浓度存在。结论：据我们所知，这是首次报道的具有全面尸检分析的致死性IZN中毒，包括实体器官中活性代谢物的量化。该病例的特点是低外周血水平，广泛的再分布和选择性组织积累。活性代谢物：n -去乙基IZN、4′-羟基-nitazene和5-氨基IZN的分布和消除特征明显。这些发现强调了IZN的高效、快速代谢和复杂的毒性动力学。

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引用次数: 0

MicroCT X-ray profile of dental biomaterials as a tool for identification in forensic odontology 牙科生物材料的显微ct x线轮廓作为法医牙科学鉴定的工具。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112765

F. Gerard , C. Catteau , N. Vanderesse , T. Colard

This study evaluates the potential of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to characterize the radiological signatures of dental biomaterials and to support forensic human identification. Dental restorations are frequently used in forensic odontology due to their resistance to post-mortem degradation; however, the detection and discrimination of tooth-colored materials could remain challenging.

A total of 26 extracted permanent teeth were restored with eight commonly used biomaterials, including resin composites, resin-modified glass ionomer, ceramics, polymethyl methacrylate, and temporary cements. All samples were scanned using high-resolution micro-CT, and grayscale profiles were extracted from enamel, dentin, and each restorative material. Gray values were normalized using hydroxyapatite phantoms to enable inter-scan comparison.

Each biomaterial demonstrated a distinct and reproducible radiological signature, with grayscale levels varying significantly according to composition. Zirconia-based ceramics presented the highest radiopacity, whereas lithium disilicate ceramics showed values closer to natural enamel. Linear regression models confirmed a strong correlation (R² = 0.997–1.000) between grayscale level and physical density for reference phantoms; however, notable deviations were observed in biomaterials, underscoring the influence of atomic number and X-ray attenuation beyond density alone.

These findings demonstrate that micro-CT enables non-destructive and quantitative differentiation of restorative materials based on their radiological profiles, offering a promising complementary tool for forensic odontology, particularly when ante-mortem dental records are incomplete or conventional imaging is insufficient. Future work should assess the stability of these radiological fingerprints under varied post-mortem conditions and explore their integration into automated identification systems and forensic reference databases.

本研究评估了x射线微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）的潜力，以表征牙科生物材料的放射学特征，并支持法医人类鉴定。牙科修复体因其抗死后降解而经常用于法医牙科学；然而，牙齿颜色材料的检测和鉴别仍然具有挑战性。采用树脂复合材料、树脂改性玻璃离聚体、陶瓷、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、临时骨水泥等8种常用生物材料修复26颗拔牙。使用高分辨率微型ct扫描所有样品，并提取牙釉质、牙本质和每种修复材料的灰度剖面。灰度值使用羟基磷灰石幻影归一化，以便进行扫描间比较。每种生物材料都表现出独特的、可重复的放射学特征，其灰度水平根据成分的不同而显著变化。氧化锆基陶瓷具有最高的射线透明度，而二硅酸锂陶瓷的射线透明度更接近天然珐琅。线性回归模型证实了参考幻影的灰度级与物理密度之间有很强的相关性（R²= 0.997-1.000）；然而，在生物材料中观察到明显的偏差，强调原子序数和x射线衰减的影响超出了密度本身。这些发现表明，micro-CT能够基于放射学特征对修复材料进行非破坏性和定量区分，为法医牙科学提供了一种有希望的补充工具，特别是在死前牙科记录不完整或常规成像不足的情况下。未来的工作应该评估这些放射性指纹在不同死后条件下的稳定性，并探索将其整合到自动识别系统和法医参考数据库中。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and forensic evaluation of 66 cases of alcohol intoxication: Insights into substitute alcohols detected by HS-GC/MS 66例酒精中毒的临床和法医鉴定：HS-GC/MS检测替代醇的见解

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112764

Cenk Bulut , Zeynep Arslan , Melike Aydoğdu , Fatma Ferda Kartufan , Zeynep Turkmen

Rising global alcohol consumption is a major public health and safety concern. Over the last decade, undeclared alcohol consumption has increasingly come into focus due to high inflation that has led many individuals to resort to unhealthy methods to access alcohol. In this context, the development of methods for alcohol detection in biological samples is of great importance in terms of rapid diagnosis, effective treatment, and obtaining reliable evidence in forensic processes. In this study, an HS-GC/MS method for the evaluation of alcohol intoxication in blood samples was developed and validated. The validated method was applied to 66 patients (57 males, 9 females) who were diagnosed with alcohol intoxication due to consumption of counterfeit alcoholic beverages. Of these cases, only one type of alcohol (ethanol n = 20, methanol n = 7, 2-propanol n = 1, acetone n = 2) was detected in 30 patients, more than two types of alcohol were detected in 19 patients, and 17 patients had negative results. Out of 66 patients, two patients died, and the alcohol concentrations obtained from the patients ranged from 1.2 mg/dL to 597.0 mg/dL. This study highlights the dangers of undeclared alcohol use and the importance of a new detection method developed to accurately assess alcohol intoxication in emergencies.

全球酒精消费量的上升是一个主要的公共卫生和安全问题。在过去十年中，由于高通货膨胀导致许多人采用不健康的方法获取酒精，未申报的酒精消费越来越受到关注。在这种情况下，开发生物样品中的酒精检测方法对于快速诊断、有效治疗和在法医程序中获得可靠证据具有重要意义。本研究建立了一种评价血液中酒精中毒的HS-GC/MS方法并进行了验证。该方法应用于66例因饮用假冒酒精饮料而被诊断为酒精中毒的患者（男性57例，女性9例）。其中30例仅检出1种酒精（乙醇n = 20，甲醇n = 7,2-丙醇n = 1，丙酮n = 2），19例检出2种以上酒精，17例阴性。在66例患者中，2例患者死亡，从患者中获得的酒精浓度范围为1.2 mg/dL至597.0 mg/dL。这项研究强调了未申报饮酒的危险以及开发一种新的检测方法以准确评估紧急情况下酒精中毒的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A review on forensic profiling of rhinoceros horn 犀牛角的法医鉴定研究进展

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112762

Johan Linde , Wilma A. Augustyn , Vuyelwa J. Tembu

The relentless escalation of rhinoceros horn trafficking represents a profound and immediate threat to the survival of rhinoceros populations across Africa and Asia. This illicit trade, driven by persistent demand in certain consumer markets, undermines global conservation efforts and poses significant challenges for law enforcement agencies worldwide. This review comprehensively explores the pivotal role of forensic profiling as an indispensable tool in combating rhino horn trafficking. Forensic profiling, by applying advanced scientific methodologies to analyse the unique chemical, physical, and molecular signatures inherent to rhino horn offers critical capabilities in the detection of concealed contraband. Profiling can be used for the authentication of genuine horn against widespread counterfeits, and the increasingly sophisticated geographical sourcing of seized materials. This multi-faceted scientific approach could not only provide robust, admissible evidence for prosecution, but also generate vital intelligence to inform strategic interventions, disrupt illicit supply chains, and ultimately contribute to the long-term conservation of these endangered mega-herbivores.

不断升级的犀牛角走私对非洲和亚洲犀牛种群的生存构成了深刻而直接的威胁。在某些消费市场持续需求的推动下，这种非法贸易破坏了全球保护工作，并给世界各地的执法机构带来了重大挑战。这篇综述全面探讨了法医侧写作为打击犀牛角贩运不可或缺的工具的关键作用。通过应用先进的科学方法分析犀牛角固有的独特化学、物理和分子特征，法医鉴定为发现隐藏的违禁品提供了关键能力。侧写可用于鉴别真假犀角，防止大量假冒，以及查获材料的地理来源日益复杂。这种多方面的科学方法不仅可以为起诉提供有力的、可接受的证据，还可以为战略干预提供重要情报，破坏非法供应链，并最终为这些濒危的大型食草动物的长期保护做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing manual labour in forensic microtrace recognition with deep learning 利用深度学习减少法医微迹识别中的体力劳动。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112714

Gerben Rijpkema , Dylan Kalisvaart , Serafim Korovin , Daniel Spengler , Anna Pals , Jaap van der Weerd , Carlas S. Smith

Forensic microtrace investigation relies on time- and labour-intensive microscopic analyses. To aid forensic experts in their investigations, an image recognition model for microtrace localisation and classification is needed. In this work, we use deep learning to automate trace recognition in images captured with automated microscopy. We localise and classify fibres, hairs, skin, glass and sand in microscopy scans through pixel-wise classification of tape-lift samples. As deep learning requires extensive amounts of annotated training data, we additionally investigate various pretraining strategies to minimise the required annotation workload. We compare ImageNet pretraining, pretraining with self-supervised learning and a sequential application of these approaches. We find that pretrained models are able to reduce the required annotated data twofold compared to models trained from scratch while retaining the prediction accuracy. While our ImageNet-pretrained models outperform our self-supervised-pretrained models, we achieve the highest accuracy by combining the two approaches, resulting in a factor 4 reduction of manual annotated microtraces or a 65 % improvement in recognition and localisation accuracy (mean intersection over union increases from 0.34 to 0.56 due to pretraining) when training on only 2.2 dm

^{2}

of annotated tape lift scans. The developed models offer a solid fundament for automated analysis of forensic microtrace scans.

法医微迹调查依赖于时间和劳动密集的显微分析。为了帮助法医专家进行调查，需要一种用于微迹定位和分类的图像识别模型。在这项工作中，我们使用深度学习来自动识别自动显微镜捕获的图像中的痕迹。我们在显微镜扫描中对纤维、头发、皮肤、玻璃和沙子进行定位和分类，通过对胶带提升样本进行像素级分类。由于深度学习需要大量带注释的训练数据，我们还研究了各种预训练策略，以尽量减少所需的注释工作量。我们比较了ImageNet预训练、预训练与自监督学习以及这些方法的顺序应用。我们发现，与从头开始训练的模型相比，预训练模型能够在保持预测精度的同时将所需的注释数据减少两倍。虽然我们的imagenet预训练模型优于我们的自我监督预训练模型，但我们通过结合两种方法实现了最高的精度，当仅在2.2 dm2的带注释的胶带提升扫描上训练时，导致手动注释微迹减少了4倍，识别和定位精度提高了65%（由于预训练，平均交集从0.34增加到0.56）。开发的模型为法医微迹扫描的自动分析提供了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Deep learning method based on image recognition for intra-puparial age and postmortem interval estimation in the forensically important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) 基于图像识别的深度学习方法在具有重要法医意义的佩雷戈石棺（双翅目：石棺科）蛹内年龄和死后时间估计中的应用

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112761

Gang Yu , Bingqian Bai , Maoxu Zhou , Mingxing Zhang , Bo Xuan , Mingyuan Zhang , Xiangyan Zhang , Yanjie Shang

Accurate estimation of intra-puparial age in necrophagous flies is essential for determining the postmortem interval (PMI) in forensic entomology. Traditional methods based on morphological observation of intra-pupal structures are widely used but rely on complex diagnostic criteria and are subject to observer bias, posing a technical bottleneck in PMI estimation using insect evidence. Deep learning, particularly image-based methods, offers a promising solution for objective and automated identification in forensic entomology. Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a common necrophagous fly species. In this study, we propose an image-based deep learning framework for automatic classification of intra-pupal developmental age in S. peregrina to enhance the accuracy of PMI estimation. Pupae were reared at 25 °C, and samples from different developmental stages (Day 1 to Day 11) were collected. After removing the puparium, high-resolution images of intra-pupal morphology were captured to construct a dataset. A ResNet50 network was first employed to extract regions of interest, followed by a Vision Transformer (ViT) model for end-to-end classification of developmental stages. The proposed method achieved a classification precision of 94.00 %, recall of 93.41 %, and F1-score of 93.43 %. These findings demonstrate that deep learning can serve as an effective and objective alternative to manual morphological assessment, reducing reliance on expert experience in intra-puparial age estimation. The proposed approach establishes a viable AI-assisted pathway for standardized, rapid, and accurate PMI inference based on insect evidence, offering practical value for forensic investigations.

尸食性蝇蛹内年龄的准确估计是法医昆虫学中确定死后时间间隔（PMI）的关键。基于蛹内结构形态学观察的传统方法被广泛使用，但依赖于复杂的诊断标准，并且容易受到观察者的偏见，这给利用昆虫证据进行PMI估计带来了技术瓶颈。深度学习，特别是基于图像的方法，为法医昆虫学的客观和自动鉴定提供了一个很有前途的解决方案。peregrina Sarcophaga (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)（双翅目：Sarcophagidae）是一种常见的尸食性蝇类。在本研究中，我们提出了一种基于图像的深度学习框架来自动分类S. peregrina蛹内发育年龄，以提高PMI估计的准确性。在25°C下饲养蛹，收集不同发育阶段（第1天至第11天）的样品。去除蛹后，采集蛹内形态的高分辨率图像，构建数据集。首先使用ResNet50网络提取感兴趣的区域，然后使用Vision Transformer （ViT）模型对发育阶段进行端到端分类。该方法的分类精度为94.00 %，召回率为93.41 %，f1分数为93.43 %。这些研究结果表明，深度学习可以作为人工形态学评估的有效和客观的替代方法，减少对专家经验的依赖。该方法为基于昆虫证据的标准化、快速、准确的PMI推断建立了可行的人工智能辅助途径，为法医调查提供了实用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Forensic gender and stature identification from footprint images using machine learning 利用机器学习从脚印图像中识别法医性别和身材

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112760

Mashal Khalid, Tatiana Kameneva, Chris McCarthy

The analysis of footprints to infer human characteristics and biometric information is a valuable tool in forensic investigation. Traditional methods rely primarily on physical measurements and observational analysis, which requires significant time, effort and specialized expert judgment. This study proposes a novel, automated, end-to-end approach to gender classification and stature estimation from footprints, using image analysis and traditional machine learning methods. Specifically, this we employ a image pre-processing techniques for Region of Interest extraction to segment foot prints in images and identify toe and heel exterior points through convexity and defectiveness points. The study utilized a dataset of 396 footprints from 33 participants (18 males and 15 females, aged 18–48 years, height range 148–182 cm). Hyper-parameter tuning via grid search optimization is employed and traditional Machine Learning (ML) models, including Logistic Regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are benchmarked for the task of both inferring gender, and stature. We specifically focus on traditional ML methods due to their relatively modest training data requirements, with the aim of establishing their feasibility for such forensic analysis. KNN demonstrated better accuracy overall for gender classification achieving 0.91 accuracy, while Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) outperformed other methods for stature estimation with MAE of 4.10 cm and RMSE of 5.42 cm, however varying strengths and weaknesses of each classifier for gender classification and stature estimation were observed. Our results suggest that the strongest performing traditional ML methods offer a feasible solution for such analysis, however expanding the training dataset to incorporate more footprint examples of more varying quality and depicting a greater diversity of population is likely necessary to fully realise a workable end-to-end solution. Such datasets may also open the door to more advanced deep learning methods.

通过脚印分析推断人类特征和生物特征信息是法医调查的重要工具。传统的方法主要依靠物理测量和观察分析，这需要大量的时间、精力和专业的专家判断。本研究提出了一种新颖的、自动化的端到端方法，利用图像分析和传统的机器学习方法从脚印中进行性别分类和身高估计。具体来说，我们采用图像预处理技术提取感兴趣区域来分割图像中的脚印，并通过凹凸点和缺陷点来识别脚趾和脚跟外部点。该研究使用了来自33名参与者（18名男性和15名女性，年龄在18 - 48岁，身高范围在148-182 cm）的396个足迹数据集。通过网格搜索优化进行超参数调优，并对传统的机器学习（ML）模型，包括逻辑回归（LR）、高斯朴素贝叶斯（GNB）、k近邻（KNN）、决策树分类器（DTC）和支持向量机（SVM）进行基准测试，以推断性别和身材。我们特别关注传统的机器学习方法，因为它们对训练数据的要求相对较低，目的是建立它们用于此类法医分析的可行性。总体而言，KNN在性别分类方面表现出更好的准确率，达到0.91，而Extreme Gradient Boosting （XGBoost）在身高估计方面表现优于其他方法，MAE为4.10 cm， RMSE为5.42 cm，但每种分类器在性别分类和身高估计方面都存在不同的优缺点。我们的结果表明，表现最好的传统机器学习方法为此类分析提供了可行的解决方案，然而，扩展训练数据集以纳入更多质量变化更大的足迹示例并描绘更大的人口多样性可能是完全实现可行的端到端解决方案所必需的。这样的数据集也可能为更先进的深度学习方法打开大门。

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引用次数: 0

Secular trends in femoral measurements and their implications for skeletal sex estimation in the Portuguese population 股骨测量的长期趋势及其对葡萄牙人口骨骼性别估计的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112759

SiYang Zeng , Eugénia Cunha , Francisco Curate

This study investigates secular changes in femoral metric morphology within the Portuguese population. It aims to explore patterns of anthropometric data and assess how secular trends may influence the performance of univariable models for sex estimation. Using 449 skeletal samples (229 females and 220 males) from Portuguese individuals born between 1805 and 1947 and deceased between 1870 and 2012, six femoral measurements were analysed: vertical head diameter (FVHD), transverse head diameter (FTHD), neck height (FNH), neck axis length (FNAL), epicondylar breadth (FEB), and maximum length (FML). In the Portuguese population, significant correlations of FNH and FNAL with birth and death years were observed in both sexes, decreasing in FNH and increasing in FNAL. These findings suggest a secular trend toward a narrower and longer femoral neck. While FML increased over time in males, it remained relatively stable in females. Meanwhile, FVHD, FTHD, and FEB maintain a secular constancy in the Portuguese population. These findings underscore the need to consider temporal and biological influences when developing or applying forensic anthropological sex estimation models in a specific population. Additionally, this cross-sectional study found that both FNH and FML show statistically significant negative correlations with age at death. Further research using longitudinal data is needed to confirm whether these patterns result from degenerative processes, cohort effects, or both.

本研究调查了葡萄牙人口股骨计量形态的长期变化。它旨在探索人体测量数据的模式，并评估长期趋势如何影响性别估计的单变量模型的性能。从1805年至1947年出生、1870年至2012年死亡的葡萄牙人的449个骨骼样本（229名女性和220名男性）中，分析了6个股骨测量数据：垂直头直径（FVHD）、横向头直径（FTHD）、颈高（FNH）、颈轴长度（FNAL）、上髁宽度（FEB）和最大长度（FML）。在葡萄牙人口中，男女FNH和FNAL与出生和死亡年份显著相关，FNH下降，FNAL增加。这些结果表明股骨颈有变窄变长的长期趋势。虽然FML在男性中随着时间的推移而增加，但在女性中保持相对稳定。同时，FVHD、FTHD和FEB在葡萄牙人口中保持长期不变。这些发现强调了在特定人群中开发或应用法医人类学性别估计模型时考虑时间和生物学影响的必要性。此外，本横断面研究发现FNH和FML与死亡年龄呈统计学显著负相关。需要使用纵向数据的进一步研究来确认这些模式是由退行性过程、队列效应还是两者兼而有之。

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引用次数: 0

Towards harmonised practices in tracing staining inks from activated Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems (IBNS): Findings from a multinational European survey 从激活的智能钞票中和系统（IBNS）追踪染色油墨的协调实践：来自欧洲多国调查的结果。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112757

Dimitrios Perisynakis, Christos Batis

This paper presents the findings from a multinational survey conducted in February 2024. Data from 18 forensic laboratories across 13 European countries were collected and analysed. The study investigates the implementation of IBNS (Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems), the use of staining inks (indelible security inks usually containing forensic taggant agents) as a deterrent measure against physical attacks on ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) and CITs (Cash in Transit), and the traceability of ink-stained banknotes as well as other stained evidence. The analysis reveals the widespread reliance of the experts’ investigation on data supplied by companies, which is often not independently verifiable raising concerns about its exploitation for forensic conclusions. The paper emphasizes the need for (a) standardized procedures and oversight in IBNS supply chain, (b) improved law enforcement cooperation, and (c) centralised data frameworks. With this publication, we aim to formally document the survey's results as a legacy reference and establish a foundation for future collaboration between forensic laboratories, companies involved in the IBNS supply chain, law enforcement and regulatory authorities.

本文介绍了2024年2月进行的一项跨国调查的结果。来自13个欧洲国家的18个法医实验室的数据被收集和分析。该研究调查了IBNS（智能纸币中和系统）的实施，染色油墨（通常含有法医标记剂的不褪色安全油墨）的使用，作为对atm（自动柜员机）和cit（中途现金）的物理攻击的威慑措施，以及墨水污染的钞票以及其他污染证据的可追溯性。分析显示，专家们的调查普遍依赖于公司提供的数据，而这些数据往往无法独立验证，这引发了人们对利用这些数据得出法医结论的担忧。该文件强调需要(a) IBNS供应链中的标准化程序和监督，(b)改进执法合作，以及(c)集中数据框架。通过本出版物，我们的目标是正式记录调查结果，作为遗留参考，并为法医实验室、参与IBNS供应链的公司、执法部门和监管机构之间的未来合作奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Dorsal hand image comparison: A survey of image comparison practitioners 手背图像比较：对图像比较从业者的调查。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112758

Inga Siebke , Zuzana Obertová

Dorsal hand image comparison (DHIC) as a branch of forensic identification develops along with the rapid improvements in image resolution and thus dorsal hand features have become a viable area for morphological image comparisons. A short online survey targeting practitioners in image comparison and analysis was created to gain an overview of the global status quo of DHIC. In total, 32 valid responses from 18 different countries were received. Despite different levels of work experience of the participants, it seems that DHIC is increasingly used in a variety of case types. However, several limitations have been acknowledged, including the lack of training and best practice guidelines. In conclusion, DHIC is an emerging field in forensic investigation and practitioners call for structured training opportunities and the establishment of best practice guidelines. In addition, more research into various aspects of the dorsal hand features, such as the effect of ageing and kinship would be beneficial.

手背图像比对作为法医鉴定的一个分支，随着图像分辨率的快速提高而发展起来，手背特征已成为形态学图像比对的一个可行领域。针对图像比较和分析从业人员进行了一项简短的在线调查，以获得对DHIC全球现状的概述。总共收到了来自18个不同国家的32份有效答复。尽管参与者的工作经验水平不同，但DHIC似乎越来越多地用于各种病例类型。但是，也承认了一些限制，包括缺乏培训和最佳做法准则。总之，DHIC是法医调查的一个新兴领域，从业人员呼吁提供结构化的培训机会和建立最佳实践指南。此外，更多地研究手背特征的各个方面，如年龄和亲属关系的影响将是有益的。

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