Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第10页

Physiological and morphological responses of Eucalyptus to drought: A systematic review and meta-analysis 桉树对干旱的生理和形态反应：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123389

Edith J. Singini , Michelle Eckert , David Drew

Water availability is a critical driver of plant function and ecosystem stability, and climate change is projected to increase the frequency and severity of drought events. Although drought responses in trees have been widely studied, there has been no quantitative synthesis of Eucalyptus gas exchange and growth acclimation across drought intensities and durations. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 62 published studies encompassing 69 Eucalyptus species, extracting 152 effect sizes to evaluate the gas exchange and morphological responses of Eucalyptus under different drought regimes. Drought consistently enhanced water-use efficiency but caused significant reductions in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, highlighting trade-offs between carbon assimilation and water conservation. Xeric species showed greater acclimation capacity, often through increased root-to-shoot ratios, whereas mesic species experienced stronger declines in gas exchange and growth. Potted studies generally overestimated drought impacts, showing significantly lower leaf water potential than field studies, likely due to soil volume constraints. These findings highlight the importance of robust experimental design and species-specific drought response strategies, while highlighting the need for long-term field studies to evaluate acclimation persistence and ecological relevance. This synthesis not only advances mechanistic understanding but also provides a foundation for improving afforestation strategies, species-site matching, and plantation management under increasing drought risk.

水分供应是植物功能和生态系统稳定的关键驱动因素，气候变化预计会增加干旱事件的频率和严重程度。尽管树木对干旱的响应已经得到了广泛的研究，但目前还没有对桉树气体交换和生长适应在干旱强度和持续时间上的定量综合。本文对69种桉树的62项已发表研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，提取了152个效应值，以评估不同干旱条件下桉树的气体交换和形态响应。干旱持续提高水分利用效率，但导致光合作用和气孔导度显著降低，突出了碳同化与水分保持之间的权衡。干性种表现出更强的驯化能力，通常通过增加根冠比，而中位种则表现出更强的气体交换和生长下降。盆栽研究通常高估了干旱的影响，显示出明显低于实地研究的叶片水势，可能是由于土壤体积的限制。这些发现强调了强有力的实验设计和物种特异性干旱响应策略的重要性，同时强调了长期实地研究以评估适应持久性和生态相关性的必要性。这种综合不仅促进了对机制的理解，而且为在干旱风险增加的情况下改善造林策略、种址匹配和人工林管理提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting mortality of invasive lodgepole pine regeneration following surface fire in an intermontane grassland 山间草地地表火灾后入侵黑松再生死亡率预测

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123384

Matthew B. Scott, Hugh Wallace, Samuel Aguilar-Arguello, Shana E. Gross

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) is a highly invasive conifer in New Zealand’s intermontane grasslands, where it threatens native biodiversity and ecosystem function. Prescribed fire has been proposed as a potential management tool, yet its effectiveness in controlling early-stage infestations remains poorly understood. This study evaluated post-fire mortality of juvenile P. contorta following the 2023 surface wildfire at Pukaki Downs in the Mackenzie Basin, South Island, New Zealand. We surveyed 264 individuals (10113 cm height) across 22 plots exposed to one or two recent fires and assessed mortality 16 weeks post-burn. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to examine the influence of tree size, fire injury, fire intensity and topography on mortality outcomes. We also compared mortality rates and vegetation composition between once- and twice-burned plots. All individuals under 10 cm in height were killed, and 81 % of taller individuals died by a single fire. Mortality was strongly associated with small basal diameter, greater char height and higher proportions of the tree torched. These three field-measurable metrics were highly predictive of mortality, indicating that fire severity and tree vulnerability interact to determine outcomes. Mortality was higher in once-burned plots than in twice-burned burned plots, likely due to reduced fuel loads and lower fire intensity following the initial burn. Our findings demonstrate that surface fires can effectively suppress early-stage P. contorta infestation, particularly in grassland systems dominated by small, non-reproductive individuals. However, effectiveness may decline with repeated burns due to slower fuel recovery and reinvasion, underscoring the importance of strategic timing and follow-up management. By identifying reliable predictors of fire-induced mortality, this study provides a practical framework for integrating prescribed fire into adaptive wilding conifer management strategies in systems favoured by periodic fires.

洛奇波勒松（Pinus contorta）是新西兰山间草原上的一种高度入侵的针叶树，它威胁着当地的生物多样性和生态系统功能。已经提出了一种潜在的管理工具，但其在控制早期虫害方面的有效性仍然知之甚少。本研究评估了2023年新西兰南岛麦肯齐盆地Pukaki Downs地表野火后幼崽P. contorta的火灾后死亡率。我们调查了22个暴露于最近一次或两次火灾的地块的264人（10113 cm身高），并评估了烧伤后16周的死亡率。采用混合效应logistic回归模型检验树木大小、火灾伤害、火灾强度和地形对死亡率结果的影响。我们还比较了一次和两次燃烧地块的死亡率和植被组成。身高在10 cm以下的个体全部死亡，其中81% %的较高个体在一次火灾中死亡。死亡率与小基径、大焦化高度和高火烧比例密切相关。这三个现场可测量的指标可以高度预测死亡率，表明火灾严重程度和树木脆弱性相互作用决定了结果。一次燃烧地块的死亡率高于两次燃烧地块，可能是由于初次燃烧后燃料负荷减少和火灾强度降低。我们的研究结果表明，地表火灾可以有效地抑制早期扭曲草的侵袭，特别是在以小而非生殖个体为主的草地系统中。然而，由于燃料回收和再侵入速度较慢，重复燃烧可能会降低效果，这强调了战略时机和后续管理的重要性。通过确定火灾死亡率的可靠预测因素，本研究为在周期性火灾有利的系统中将规定火灾纳入适应性野生针叶树管理策略提供了一个实用框架。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating transgenic Darling 54 American chestnuts for reintroduction: Insights from survivorship, growth, and respiration in a common garden 评估转基因达林54美洲栗子的重新引进：从生存，生长和呼吸在一个普通的花园的见解

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123361

Taylor M. Wegner , Andrew E. Newhouse , Sean Satchwell , John E. Drake

The American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.), once dominant in eastern North American forests, was devastated by Cryphonectria parasitica. Transgenic Darling 54 chestnuts, engineered with an OxO gene for blight tolerance, retain the native American chestnut’s genome and offer a potential restoration solution. This study evaluates their performance relative to non-transgenic and hybrid chestnuts to determine their suitability for ecological restoration. We measured survivorship, growth, crown morphology, and dark respiration rates of three-year-old trees in a common garden experiment featuring nearly 500 trees across five chestnut types, including Darling 54 transgenic (OxO+) and non-transgenic (OxO-) full-siblings. Statistical analyses assessed the effects of transgene status and maternal lineage on growth performance and respiration. Darling 54 trees exhibited strong survivorship and a favorable growth form comparable to related non-transgenic chestnuts, despite reduced growth rate and initial survival. Elevated leaf respiration was observed in OxO+ trees during late-season measurements, suggesting a potential metabolic cost or pleiotropic effects associated with transgenesis. Overall, Darling 54 trees maintain desirable traits, but reduced growth and intermittently higher respiration rates may indicate a trade-off. Although Darling 54 American chestnuts show promise as restoration trees, additional research is needed to assess blight tolerance, long-term performance under competitive forest conditions, and whether growth constraints persist over time.

美洲板栗（Castanea dentata）[沼泽。[Borkh.])，曾经在北美东部的森林中占主导地位，后来被雪虱寄生摧毁了。转基因的达林54栗子，带有抗枯萎病的氧氧基因，保留了美洲本土栗子的基因组，提供了一种潜在的恢复解决方案。本研究将其与非转基因栗子和杂交栗子进行比较，以确定其生态恢复的适宜性。在一个普通的花园实验中，我们测量了三岁大树的存活率、生长、树冠形态和暗呼吸速率，实验对象包括五种栗子类型的近500棵树，包括Darling 54转基因（OxO+）和非转基因（OxO-）的全兄弟姐妹。统计分析评估了转基因状态和母系对生长性能和呼吸的影响。达林54树表现出较强的成活率和良好的生长形式，与相关的非转基因栗子相当，尽管生长率和初始存活率降低。在季末测量中，在OxO+ 树木中观察到叶呼吸升高，这表明与转基因相关的潜在代谢成本或多效性效应。总体而言，达林54树保持了理想的性状，但生长减少和间歇性呼吸速率提高可能表明一种权衡。尽管达林54美洲栗树显示出作为恢复树种的希望，但还需要进一步的研究来评估枯萎病耐受性，在竞争激烈的森林条件下的长期表现，以及生长限制是否会随着时间的推移而持续存在。

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引用次数: 0

Pod production and seed viability of a keystone tree species in parkland agroforestry systems of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚公园农林业系统中一个关键树种的豆荚产量和种子活力

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123390

Girmay Darcha , Yemane Tsehaye , Gebeyehu Taye , Emiru Birhane

Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. is a keystone tree species in Ethiopia’s dryland farming systems, contributing to soil fertility, crop productivity, and high-quality livestock fodder supply. Its persistence, however, is threatened by unsustainable management practices, particularly, excessive pollarding. This study quantified the effects of farmers’ silvicultural practices, including pollarding frequencies and tree sizes, on pod yield, seed production, and germination performance. Pod and seed traits were measured across tree size classes and pollarding frequencies, while germination tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with four replications using 25 seeds in each. Medium-sized trees produced significantly higher pod yields (103 ± 4.2 kg tree⁻¹) than large trees (95 ± 3.8 kg tree⁻¹, P < 0.01), and non-pollarded trees yielded 115 ± 5.1 kg tree⁻¹, over 15 % higher than pollarded (90 ± 4.7 kg tree⁻¹). One kilogram of seed contained ∼9067 seeds with 45 % purity, which produces ∼4080 viable seedlings. Germination was significantly higher for seeds from medium-sized trees (46 %) than from large trees (40 %) with germination rates highest in non-pollarded trees (45 %), intermediate in lightly pollarded trees (41 %), and lowest in heavily pollarded trees (40 %). Flowering occurred from mid-November, peaked in December, and pods matured from January to May, indicating a clear seasonal calendar for reproductive resources. Frequent pollarding reduced flowering intensity, pod setting, and seed production, thereby limiting natural regeneration. These findings highlight that maintaining mature, medium-sized, and moderately managed F. albida trees can optimize pod setting and seed production to support natural regeneration, and enhance ecological conditions and food security benefits. Adoption of such evidence-based management practices in agroforestry landscapes sustains the system while contributing to climate resilience and promote the multifunctional benefits of this keystone dryland tree species.

菲德赫比亚·阿比达答:Chev。是埃塞俄比亚旱地农业系统的重要树种，有助于土壤肥力、作物生产力和高质量的牲畜饲料供应。然而，它的持久性受到不可持续的管理做法，特别是过度采蜜的威胁。本研究量化了农民造林实践对豆荚产量、种子产量和发芽性能的影响，包括授粉频率和树的大小。在不同的树级和授粉频率下测量荚果和种子的性状，在温室条件下进行萌发试验，采用完全随机设计，4个重复，每个重复25粒种子。中型树木产生明显高于豆荚产量(103 ±4.2  公斤树−1)比大树(95 ±3.8  公斤树−1,P & lt; 0.01),和non-pollarded树产生了115 ±5.1  −1公斤树,超过15 %高于跟前(90 ±4.7  公斤−1)树。每公斤种子含有~ 9067颗纯度为45% %的种子，可产生~ 4080株活苗。中等树的种子发芽率（46 %）显著高于大树（40 %），未授粉树的种子发芽率最高（45 %），轻度授粉树的种子发芽率中等（41 %），重度授粉树的种子发芽率最低（40 %）。花期为11月中旬，花期为12月，豆荚成熟期为1 ~ 5月。频繁的授粉降低了开花强度、荚果结实和种子产量，从而限制了自然更新。这些研究结果表明，保持成熟、中等和适度管理的杉木可以优化结荚和种子生产，支持自然更新，提高生态条件和粮食安全效益。在农林复合景观中采用这种基于证据的管理实践可以维持该系统，同时有助于提高气候适应能力，并促进这一重要旱地树种的多功能效益。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term monitoring of aspen forest regeneration and ungulate use shows successful recruitment amid landscape-scale forest restoration 对白杨林更新和有蹄类动物利用的长期监测表明，在景观尺度的森林恢复中，白杨林的恢复是成功的

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123373

Sterling B. Kerr , Aaron C. Rhodes , April Hulet , Ryan Pienaar , Samuel B. St. Clair

Human-induced changes in forest disturbance patterns have altered the successional patterns of aspen-conifer forests. These changes can lead to failure in aspen forest recruitment due to altered disturbance and ungulate herbivory regimes. Our objective was to characterize the temporal trends of aspen regeneration, recruitment, and ungulate browsing in stable aspen stands and to evaluate the impact of ungulate browsing on aspen, within the context of a large-scale aspen restoration program. From 2015–2022, mountain-wide restoration through prescribed burns and mechanical thinning of late-successional aspen-conifer stands treated 14,400 ha of the 28,700 ha of forest. During these broader restoration efforts, we monitored aspen stands and herbivory pressure at 60 nearby untreated sites. During the initial five-year survey period, chronically high levels of ungulate herbivory resulted in aspen recruitment failure. However, by 2023, native ungulate fecal counts had decreased by 66 % for elk and 50 % for deer, and ungulate meristem removal had dropped by more than 50 %. Aspen regeneration height and recruitment density increased by 20 cm and 88 %, reaching restoration targets. Secondly, we showed that topographic features and weather patterns mediated restoration success. Aspen increased at sites with greater snowpack and summer precipitation. Recruitment was more prevalent in southern locations, where elk fecal counts were lowest. Our findings suggest that ungulate herbivory can suppress aspen recruitment success and that weather, topography, and disturbance can mediate regeneration success. However, landscape-scale restoration through prescribed disturbance likely promoted aspen regeneration indirectly by reducing ungulate herbivory in untreated stands.

人为引起的森林干扰模式的变化改变了白杨针叶林的演替格局。这些变化可能导致由于改变干扰和无规则的草食制度，在白杨林招募失败。我们的目标是在一个大规模的白杨恢复计划的背景下，描述稳定的白杨林中白杨的更新、补充和有蹄类动物的浏览的时间趋势，并评估有蹄类动物的浏览对白杨的影响。从2015年至2022年，通过规定的焚烧和后期演替白杨针叶林的机械间伐，全山范围的恢复处理了28,700 公顷森林中的14,400 公顷。在这些更广泛的恢复工作中，我们在60个附近未经处理的地点监测了白杨林分和草食压力。在最初的五年调查期间，长期高水平的有蹄类草食导致白杨招募失败。然而，到2023年，麋鹿的原生有蹄类粪便数量减少了66% %，鹿减少了50% %，有蹄类分生组织的去除量减少了50% %以上。杨树再生高度和再生密度分别提高了20 cm和88 %，达到了恢复目标。其次，地形特征和天气模式对恢复成功起着重要作用。白杨在积雪和夏季降水较多的地点增加。招募在南部地区更为普遍，那里的麋鹿粪便数量最少。我们的研究结果表明，有蹄类草食可以抑制杨树的招募成功，而天气、地形和干扰可以调节再生成功。然而，通过规定干扰的景观尺度恢复可能通过减少未经处理林分的有蹄类牧草间接促进了白杨的更新。

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引用次数: 0

Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of Araucaria angustifolia in natural forests and plantations: Insights for sustainable management 天然林和人工林中针叶树根际细菌和真菌群落：可持续管理的见解

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123349

Carolina Paola Trentini , Mariana Villagra , Paula Inés Campanello , Julián Alberto Ferreras

The Araucaria Forests of South America are critically endangered due to historical deforestation and overexploitation. Remaining fragments are now confined to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Misiones). Establishing A. angustifolia plantations for wood production could play a crucial role in the conservation of this species by expanding its distribution area. However, restrictions on the regeneration and development of A. angustifolia in these managed systems can be hindered by soil degradation. Since the microbial community living in the roots is essential for plant health, understanding its composition across different land use scenarios is key to improving conservation efforts. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of A. angustifolia comparing natural forests and plantations with distinct management histories in order to assess the contribution of plantations to sustaining this microbiome in the medium and long term. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting ribosomal markers, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities and correlated them with stand structure and soil physico-chemical properties. The studied plantations exhibited lower nitrogen, organic matter, carbon, and soil water content, as well as higher pH and soil bulk density compared to natural forests. While the alpha diversity of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi did not differ significantly between habitats, we found clear differences in community composition. Key stand structure attributes (e.g., understory cover and tree richness) and soil variables (e.g., pH, water content, organic matter, and bulk density), were the most influential factors shaping the microbial assemblages. For instance, the decline of bacterial genera such as Candidatus Koribacter, Acidibacter, and Acidothermus in plantations was associated with higher pH levels. Furthermore, plantations showed reduced abundances of key beneficial fungi for plant growth and biocontrol, such as Trichoderma and Aspergillus, and a higher abundance of genera adapted to restrictive environments, such as Brevibacillus and Anoxybacillus. In contrast, second-rotation plantations had a higher abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These findings underscore the importance of management strategies focused on minimizing nutrient losses, promoting mycorrhizal fungi, and supporting soil health to ensure the long-term resilience and productivity of Araucaria plantations.

由于历史上的森林砍伐和过度开发，南美洲的阿劳卡亚森林处于极度濒危状态。剩下的碎片现在仅限于巴西南部和阿根廷东北部（Misiones）。建立人工林用于木材生产，可以扩大其分布范围，对该树种的保护起到重要作用。然而，在这些管理系统中，土壤退化可能会阻碍针叶林的再生和发育。由于生活在根部的微生物群落对植物健康至关重要，因此了解其在不同土地利用情况下的组成是改善保护工作的关键。本研究的目的是通过比较不同经营历史的天然林和人工林对针叶根际细菌和真菌群落的特征，以评估人工林对中长期维持针叶根际微生物群的贡献。利用瞄准核糖体标记的元条形码方法，分析了根际细菌和真菌群落，并将其与林分结构和土壤理化性质进行了关联。与天然林相比，人工林的氮、有机质、碳和土壤含水量较低，pH值和土壤容重较高。不同生境间根际细菌和真菌的α多样性差异不显著，但群落组成差异明显。关键林分结构属性（林下盖度和树木丰富度）和土壤变量（pH、含水量、有机质和容重）是影响微生物组合的最重要因素。例如，人工林中念珠菌（Candidatus Koribacter）、酸化菌（Acidibacter）和嗜酸菌（Acidothermus）等细菌属的减少与较高的pH值有关。此外，人工林中对植物生长和生物防治至关重要的有益真菌，如木霉和曲霉的丰度降低，而适应限制性环境的属，如短芽孢杆菌和无氧芽孢杆菌的丰度较高。次次轮作林的丛枝菌根真菌丰度较高。这些研究结果强调了管理策略的重要性，重点是尽量减少养分损失，促进菌根真菌生长，支持土壤健康，以确保砂荆人工林的长期恢复力和生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Land suitability mapping for Dalbergia sissoo cultivation in Khuzestan province using MaxEnt modeling 基于MaxEnt模型的胡齐斯坦省黄檀种植土地适宜性制图

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123368

Sajad Alimahmoodi Sarab, Mahmood Najafi Zilaie, Mehri Dinarvand, Seyed Hossein Arami

Due to limited forest cover and a heavy reliance on timber imports, Iran must identify suitable native species for large-scale planting programs. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., (Shisham) is a highly suitable species for economic cultivation in the warm and semi-arid regions of Iran, thanks to its rapid growth, resilience to environmental stresses (such as salinity and drought), and high-quality timber. This study aims to predict suitable cultivation areas for D. sissoo and to identify the key environmental factors influencing its distribution using the MaxEnt model. We employed 18 environmental variables (including climatic, topographic, edaphic factors, and distances to water resources and roads) alongside 425 species occurrence points throughout Khuzestan. The data were converted into raster maps with a resolution of 50 m in GIS using kriging interpolation. A Total of 13 variables were selected based on the evaluation of multicollinearity using the VIF index (<10) and Pearson correlation coefficient (>80 %). Modeling in MaxEnt involved a 70 %/30 % data split for training and validation. Model accuracy was assessed using the ROC curve and AUC index, while variable importance was determined through jackknife testing. The model demonstrated high accuracy (AUC = 0.989). The most significant variable was elevation (contribution: 43.8 %, permutation importance: 88.4 %), followed by minimum relative humidity (15.2 %) and minimum temperature (13.7 %). Ecological response curves indicated optimal conditions for presence at low elevations (<300 m), temperatures ranging from 22 to 25°C, monthly precipitation of 100–125 mm, and proximity to rivers (≤500 m). Only 0.01 % of the province (450 ha) was classified as having high suitability (presence probability >0.6), while areas with moderate (0.4–0.6) and low suitability (0.2–0.4) comprised 0.72 % (44,499 ha) and 0.35 % (21,516 ha), respectively. Although Khuzestan contains natural habitats for D. sissoo, there are significant ecological constraints to large-scale cultivation. The suitable areas are primarily located in the northern counties (Dezful and Izeh), with distribution closely linked to elevation and humidity. These factors should be prioritized in afforestation planning. This study provides a scientific foundation for restoring degraded lands and reducing Iran’s dependency on timber imports.

由于森林覆盖有限，严重依赖木材进口，伊朗必须为大规模种植计划确定合适的本地树种。黄檀。由于其快速生长，对环境压力（如盐度和干旱）的适应能力以及高质量的木材，（Shisham）是伊朗温暖和半干旱地区非常适合经济种植的物种。本研究旨在利用MaxEnt模型预测西葫芦的适宜种植区域，并识别影响西葫芦分布的关键环境因子。我们采用了18个环境变量（包括气候、地形、地理因素以及到水资源和道路的距离）以及整个胡齐斯坦地区的425个物种发生点。利用克里格插值将数据在GIS中转换成分辨率为50 m的栅格图。采用VIF指数（<10）和Pearson相关系数（>80 %）对多重共线性进行评价，共选取13个变量。MaxEnt中的建模涉及70 %/30 %的数据分割，用于训练和验证。采用ROC曲线和AUC指数评估模型的准确性，通过折刀检验确定变量的重要性。该模型具有较高的准确度（AUC = 0.989）。最显著的变量是海拔（贡献43.8 %，排列重要性88.4 %），其次是最小相对湿度（15.2 %）和最低温度（13.7 %）。生态响应曲线显示，低海拔（<300 m）、温度在22 ~ 25℃、月降水量在100 ~ 125 mm之间、靠近河流（≤500 m）的地区存在的最佳条件。全省只有0.01 %（450 ha）被划分为高适宜性（存在概率>；0.6），而中等（0.4-0.6）和低适宜性（0.2-0.4）分别为0.72 %（44,499 ha）和0.35 %（21,516 ha）。尽管胡齐斯坦有茜草的自然栖息地，但大规模种植存在明显的生态限制。适宜的地区主要位于北部县（Dezful和Izeh），其分布与海拔和湿度密切相关。在造林规划中应优先考虑这些因素。这项研究为恢复退化的土地和减少伊朗对木材进口的依赖提供了科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Acclimatization of Norway spruce saplings to thinning-induced stress: Photochemical activity and metabolic needle responses 挪威云杉幼树对变薄胁迫的适应：光化学活性和代谢针叶反应

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123362

Elena Novichonok, Anna Klimova, Kseniya Nikerova, Irina Sofronova, Aleksandra Serkova, Natalia Galibina

In taiga forests, thinning is common in stands formed after clear-cutting to accelerate the formation of valuable spruce stands and reduce the proportion of deciduous species. However, thinning leads to a dramatic change in environmental conditions (primarily light conditions), which directly impacts photosynthetic activity and can lead to photoinhibition, reduced growth rate, and death of individual shoots or the entire tree in the first few years after thinning. We assessed the response of 10- to 12-year-old Norway spruce saplings over two growing seasons following thinning (complete removal of deciduous trees). We examined changes in the photochemical activity, needles’ metabolic status (carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant system, secondary metabolism), and trunk xylem increment as a resulting index of productivity. Immediately after thinning, photosystem II (PS II) photoinhibition and a decrease in the efficiency of photochemical processes were observed. However, just one growing season after thinning, PS II activity recovery was observed. Acclimatization was accompanied by pigment complex restructuring (a decrease in chlorophyll a and b content, an increase in carotenoids’ proportion) and antioxidant system responses at the first defense line without intensifying secondary processes. Despite the restoration of photochemical activity and an increase in sucrose content in the needles, there was no increase in radial stem increment. The possible reasons for this are discussed.

在针叶林中，为了加速有价值的云杉林的形成，减少落叶物种的比例，在砍伐后形成的林分中，间伐是常见的。然而，间伐会导致环境条件（主要是光照条件）的急剧变化，直接影响光合活性，并可能导致光抑制，生长速度降低，在间伐后的头几年导致单根或整棵树死亡。我们评估了10- 12岁的挪威云杉树苗在疏林（完全去除落叶树）后两个生长季节的反应。我们研究了光化学活性、针叶代谢状态（碳水化合物代谢、抗氧化系统、次生代谢）和树干木质部生长的变化，以此作为生产力的指标。稀释后立即观察到光系统II （PS II）光抑制和光化学过程效率的降低。然而，在疏伐后仅一个生长季，就观察到PS II活性恢复。驯化过程伴随着色素复合物的重组（叶绿素a和b含量降低，类胡萝卜素比例增加）和第一道防线的抗氧化系统响应，而次级过程没有增强。尽管光化学活性有所恢复，针叶中蔗糖含量有所增加，但径向茎长没有增加。讨论了可能的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of tree size, crown damage and wood density on hollow trunk occurrence in Amazonian timber species 乔木大小、树冠损伤和木材密度对亚马逊树种空心树干发生的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123378

Vinicius Costa Cysneiros , Laio Zimermann Oliveira , Allan Libanio Pelissari

The causes of hollow trunk formation in tropical trees remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap has important implications for biodiversity conservation and forest management, because hollow trees embody a trade-off between their ecological importance and the economic losses they can entail. We used an extensive dataset collected in a selectively logged forest in the Brazilian Amazon to investigate the occurrence of hollow trunks in a total of 15,134 trees from 36 timber species. We fitted logistic models to estimate the effects of tree diameter at breast height (dbh), previous crown damage, and wood density on the probability of hollow occurrence (PHO). Our results revealed positive effects of dbh and crown damage on the PHO, yet the magnitude of the effects varied among species. PHO increased with dbh in 14 species and also increased with crown damage in eight species. Overall, species with medium wood density had lower PHO values than those with low or high wood density. Understanding the factors that drive the formation of hollow trunks is essential for improving tree-level assessments and species-specific management prescriptions. By reducing inaccuracies in harvest planning and supporting the retention of trees that provide key microhabitats, the practical application of our findings can further integrate forest management with conservation goals. However, additional studies considering different regions and timber species in the Amazon are still needed.

热带树木中空树干形成的原因仍然知之甚少。这种知识差距对生物多样性保护和森林管理具有重要意义，因为空心树体现了其生态重要性与其可能造成的经济损失之间的权衡。我们使用在巴西亚马逊地区选择性采伐的森林中收集的广泛数据集，调查了36种木材的15,134棵树的空心树干的发生情况。我们拟合logistic模型来估计胸径（dbh）、既往树冠损伤和木材密度对空心发生概率（PHO）的影响。研究结果表明，胸径和树冠损伤对PHO有积极影响，但影响程度因种而异。14种植物的PHO随胸径的增加而增加，8种植物的PHO随树冠损伤的增加而增加。总体而言，中等木材密度树种的PHO值低于低木材密度和高木材密度树种。了解驱动空心树干形成的因素对于改进树级评估和物种特定管理处方至关重要。通过减少采伐计划的不准确性和支持保留提供关键微栖息地的树木，我们的研究结果的实际应用可以进一步将森林管理与保护目标结合起来。然而，考虑到亚马逊不同地区和木材种类的额外研究仍然需要。

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引用次数: 0

Seed collection practices in tropical rainforest restoration and implications for provenance research 热带雨林恢复中的种子采集方法及其对种源研究的意义

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123376

Jayden E. Engert , Kali Middleby , Nara Vogado , Susan G.W. Laurance

The dramatic increase in scale of ecological restoration required to meet future global targets will require enormous quantities of seed and propagule material. Tropical forests - which are often identified as priority regions for large-scale restoration - often experience substantial fragmentation and degradation, processes which may reduce the availability and genetic quality of seeds and propagules. Hence, trade-offs between cost, quantity, and genetic quality occur due to financial and logistical constraints on collection and production of plant material. Seed provenance, i.e. their ecological origin, may play a crucial role in determining the success of restoration efforts and may be directly influenced by said trade-offs. Here we examined the geographical and environmental ranges over which seeds are collected in three revegetation nurseries in tropical Australia. Our results showed that seed collections from 2012 to 2018 were overwhelmingly conducted within 10 km of the collecting nursery, concentrated in sites that were easier to access, and in areas in which the surrounding remnant forest cover was low. Additionally, seed collections were conducted predominantly in sites that were hotter than the average climate conditions surrounding the nurseries, and that – at the species level – seed collection locations frequently represented the hotter end of a species thermal range. We discuss these results in light of their effects on restoration stocks, particularly how biases in seed collection may influence the composition of species included in restoration as well as the resulting seedling genetic and phenotypic range. How such biases have affected restoration outcomes, however, remains poorly understood.

为了实现未来的全球目标，生态恢复规模的急剧增加将需要大量的种子和繁殖材料。热带森林- -往往被确定为大规模恢复的优先区域- -往往经历严重的破碎和退化，这一过程可能降低种子和繁殖体的可得性和遗传质量。因此，由于收集和生产植物材料的财政和后勤限制，在成本、数量和遗传质量之间进行权衡。种子的来源，即它们的生态来源，可能在决定恢复工作的成功方面起着至关重要的作用，并可能直接受到上述权衡的影响。本文研究了澳大利亚热带地区三个植被苗圃中种子采集的地理和环境范围。结果表明，2012 - 2018年的种子采集绝大多数在采集苗圃10 km范围内进行，集中在更容易进入的地点，以及周围残余森林覆盖率低的地区。此外，种子采集主要在比苗圃周围平均气候条件更热的地点进行，并且在物种水平上，种子采集地点经常代表物种温度范围的较热一端。我们根据这些结果对恢复种群的影响来讨论这些结果，特别是种子收集的偏差如何影响恢复中包括的物种组成以及由此产生的幼苗遗传和表型范围。然而，这些偏见是如何影响恢复结果的，人们仍然知之甚少。

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引用次数: 0