Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第8页

N2-fixing species benefit biomass production in agroforestry mixtures depending on spatial scale and plantation age but not in the mixed forestry system

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122508

Abdoulaye Ndiaye , Pierrick Priault , Erwin Dallé , Alexandre Laflotte , Nicolas Marron

Forest plantations play a crucial role in addressing the growing demand for wood-based products and biomass for renewable energy. However, their expansion is often limited by competition with food crops. Agroforestry, which integrates trees within agricultural plots, and mixed forest plantations have emerged as promising ways to reconcile these needs, especially when they include nitrogen-fixing species. This study evaluates the performance of mixed forest and agroforestry plantations including nitrogen-fixing species, such as alder and alfalfa, compared to monocultures. Based on an experimental trial in northeastern France, we compared the biomass production, and its time course, for poplar (Populus nigra × P. deltoides) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) trees in monocultures to their biomass production when associated together in the same stand, and when associated to crops (poplar with alfalfa and alder with grass) at three different scales (tree, plantation, and cropping system). After nine years of growth, at the tree level, both poplar and alder biomass was higher in the agroforestry systems than in the forest mixture or the monocultures. However, at the plantation level, the wood yield of the poplars and alders did not significantly differ between the mixtures and the monocultures at the end of the rotation. At the cropping system level, the two agroforestry systems exhibited a Land Equivalent Ratio significantly superior to 1, indicating higher productivity in these systems compared to crop and tree monocultures. The two agroforestry systems including nitrogen fixators showed very promising results, while the poplar and alder association was disappointing.

{"title":"N2-fixing species benefit biomass production in agroforestry mixtures depending on spatial scale and plantation age but not in the mixed forestry system","authors":"Abdoulaye Ndiaye , Pierrick Priault , Erwin Dallé , Alexandre Laflotte , Nicolas Marron","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest plantations play a crucial role in addressing the growing demand for wood-based products and biomass for renewable energy. However, their expansion is often limited by competition with food crops. Agroforestry, which integrates trees within agricultural plots, and mixed forest plantations have emerged as promising ways to reconcile these needs, especially when they include nitrogen-fixing species. This study evaluates the performance of mixed forest and agroforestry plantations including nitrogen-fixing species, such as alder and alfalfa, compared to monocultures. Based on an experimental trial in northeastern France, we compared the biomass production, and its time course, for poplar (<em>Populus nigra</em> × <em>P. deltoides</em>) and alder (<em>Alnus glutinosa</em>) trees in monocultures to their biomass production when associated together in the same stand, and when associated to crops (poplar with alfalfa and alder with grass) at three different scales (tree, plantation, and cropping system). After nine years of growth, at the tree level, both poplar and alder biomass was higher in the agroforestry systems than in the forest mixture or the monocultures. However, at the plantation level, the wood yield of the poplars and alders did not significantly differ between the mixtures and the monocultures at the end of the rotation. At the cropping system level, the two agroforestry systems exhibited a Land Equivalent Ratio significantly superior to 1, indicating higher productivity in these systems compared to crop and tree monocultures. The two agroforestry systems including nitrogen fixators showed very promising results, while the poplar and alder association was disappointing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forest structural diversity modulates tree growth synchrony in response to climate change

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122505

Julen Astigarraga , Joaquín Calatayud , Paloma Ruiz-Benito , Jaime Madrigal-González , Julián Tijerín-Triviño , Miguel A. Zavala , Enrique Andivia , Asier Herrero

Following centuries of deforestation, many industrialized countries have experienced an increase in forest area and biomass due to changes in land- and forest-use since the mid-20th century. At the same time, the impacts of climate change on forests are aggravating, but the interplay between past land- and forest-use (i.e. land- and forest-use legacies) and climate change in tree growth remains elusive. Tree growth synchrony, defined as the coincident increase in annual tree growth between different tree individuals over time, represents a comprehensive ecological measure of the level of environmental stress faced by forests, and consequently, can assess forest vulnerability to global change. Here using network theory and generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether tree size heterogeneity, resulting from different land- and forest-use legacies (i.e. recently-established, long-established, recently-pruned pollards and old-pruned pollards), modulated tree growth synchrony in response to heatwaves frequency synchrony between 1970 and 2020. We analyzed tree growth data from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands with different histories of forest management at the species’ low-latitude margin. We found increased tree growth synchrony under more frequent heatwaves and late spring frosts, and reduced precipitation. Interestingly, tree growth synchrony in response to heatwave frequency was modulated by tree size heterogeneity, with the highest synchrony observed in stands with low tree size heterogeneity, mainly found in recently-established forests. Conversely, stands with high tree size heterogeneity did not show important changes in synchrony with increasing heatwaves frequency. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining structurally diverse forests to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest productivity, and thereby, increase forest resilience to future forest climate risks.

{"title":"Forest structural diversity modulates tree growth synchrony in response to climate change","authors":"Julen Astigarraga , Joaquín Calatayud , Paloma Ruiz-Benito , Jaime Madrigal-González , Julián Tijerín-Triviño , Miguel A. Zavala , Enrique Andivia , Asier Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following centuries of deforestation, many industrialized countries have experienced an increase in forest area and biomass due to changes in land- and forest-use since the mid-20th century. At the same time, the impacts of climate change on forests are aggravating, but the interplay between past land- and forest-use (i.e. land- and forest-use legacies) and climate change in tree growth remains elusive. Tree growth synchrony, defined as the coincident increase in annual tree growth between different tree individuals over time, represents a comprehensive ecological measure of the level of environmental stress faced by forests, and consequently, can assess forest vulnerability to global change. Here using network theory and generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether tree size heterogeneity, resulting from different land- and forest-use legacies (i.e. recently-established, long-established, recently-pruned pollards and old-pruned pollards), modulated tree growth synchrony in response to heatwaves frequency synchrony between 1970 and 2020. We analyzed tree growth data from European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) stands with different histories of forest management at the species’ low-latitude margin. We found increased tree growth synchrony under more frequent heatwaves and late spring frosts, and reduced precipitation. Interestingly, tree growth synchrony in response to heatwave frequency was modulated by tree size heterogeneity, with the highest synchrony observed in stands with low tree size heterogeneity, mainly found in recently-established forests. Conversely, stands with high tree size heterogeneity did not show important changes in synchrony with increasing heatwaves frequency. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining structurally diverse forests to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on forest productivity, and thereby, increase forest resilience to future forest climate risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defoliation and demography interact to affect oak survival in Southern New England

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122507

Audrey Barker Plotkin , Brian Keevan , Meghan Graham MacLean , Grace Shiffrin , Jonathan R. Thompson

Oak (Quercus) is a globally important genus, but its dominance is declining across the northeastern United States. Periodic outbreaks of an invasive insect, spongy moth (Lymantria dispar), can cause significant oak mortality. Additionally, oak forests may become more vulnerable to disturbance as they mature because biomass is concentrated in fewer trees and the same mortality rate results in larger biomass losses than in a younger stand comprising many small trees. We examined the interaction of population demography and defoliation from 1970–2020, contrasting a spongy moth outbreak that peaked in 1980–1981 with an outbreak that peaked in 2017, across a permanent plot network in a 23,000-ha forest landscape. We hypothesized that the 2010s outbreak resulted in larger losses of oak biomass because it affected an older forest composed of fewer, larger trees. The percentage of oaks that died during outbreaks was more than triple that of non-outbreak intervals. Smaller trees (<30 cm diameter) were more likely to die, but the largest trees (>60 cm) also had an elevated mortality risk. During the 2010s outbreak, mortality was higher in plots that experienced more years of defoliation. Finally, we found greater loss of trees and biomass during the 2010s outbreak than the 1980s outbreak, partially because the average tree that died between 2010–2020 was larger and contained much more biomass than the average tree that died between 1980–1990. Other stressors also likely contributed to the higher mortality risk in the 2010s, highlighting increased risks to oak in an era of accelerating global change.

{"title":"Defoliation and demography interact to affect oak survival in Southern New England","authors":"Audrey Barker Plotkin , Brian Keevan , Meghan Graham MacLean , Grace Shiffrin , Jonathan R. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oak (<em>Quercus</em>) is a globally important genus, but its dominance is declining across the northeastern United States. Periodic outbreaks of an invasive insect, spongy moth (<em>Lymantria dispar</em>), can cause significant oak mortality. Additionally, oak forests may become more vulnerable to disturbance as they mature because biomass is concentrated in fewer trees and the same mortality rate results in larger biomass losses than in a younger stand comprising many small trees. We examined the interaction of population demography and defoliation from 1970–2020, contrasting a spongy moth outbreak that peaked in 1980–1981 with an outbreak that peaked in 2017, across a permanent plot network in a 23,000-ha forest landscape. We hypothesized that the 2010s outbreak resulted in larger losses of oak biomass because it affected an older forest composed of fewer, larger trees. The percentage of oaks that died during outbreaks was more than triple that of non-outbreak intervals. Smaller trees (<30 cm diameter) were more likely to die, but the largest trees (>60 cm) also had an elevated mortality risk. During the 2010s outbreak, mortality was higher in plots that experienced more years of defoliation. Finally, we found greater loss of trees and biomass during the 2010s outbreak than the 1980s outbreak, partially because the average tree that died between 2010–2020 was larger and contained much more biomass than the average tree that died between 1980–1990. Other stressors also likely contributed to the higher mortality risk in the 2010s, highlighting increased risks to oak in an era of accelerating global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the proximate drivers behind global tree cover loss using multisourced remote sensing products during 2000–2020

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122501

Wendi Liu , Xiao Zhang , Tingting Zhao , Jinqing Wang , Zhehua Li , Liangyun Liu

Understanding the proximate drivers of tree cover loss is crucial for guiding forest management policies, while significant challenges remain in accurately and comprehensively identifying these drivers on a global scale. In this study, we developed a decision tree framework using multisourced remote sensing products to attribute the global tree cover loss to five human drivers and three natural drivers. Accuracy assessment results based on visually interpreted samples indicate that the driver classification of this study achieved a high overall accuracy of approximately 81.93 % in the pantropics, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed methodology. Further analysis revealed that human drivers were responsible for nearly 79.99 % of global tree cover loss between 2000 and 2020, with natural drivers accounting for the remaining 20.01 %. Among the eight drivers, agricultural encroachment and forestry activity were the most significant, contributing approximately 44.38 % and 11.91 % of total loss, respectively. Moreover, the rates of tree cover loss due to these eight drivers have increased significantly, with nearly a doubling observed in most cases; and these trends have shown no signs of stopping. Therefore, it is imperative to implement more robust forest management policies targeting specific drivers to curb tree cover loss by 2030.

{"title":"Revealing the proximate drivers behind global tree cover loss using multisourced remote sensing products during 2000–2020","authors":"Wendi Liu , Xiao Zhang , Tingting Zhao , Jinqing Wang , Zhehua Li , Liangyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the proximate drivers of tree cover loss is crucial for guiding forest management policies, while significant challenges remain in accurately and comprehensively identifying these drivers on a global scale. In this study, we developed a decision tree framework using multisourced remote sensing products to attribute the global tree cover loss to five human drivers and three natural drivers. Accuracy assessment results based on visually interpreted samples indicate that the driver classification of this study achieved a high overall accuracy of approximately 81.93 % in the pantropics, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed methodology. Further analysis revealed that human drivers were responsible for nearly 79.99 % of global tree cover loss between 2000 and 2020, with natural drivers accounting for the remaining 20.01 %. Among the eight drivers, agricultural encroachment and forestry activity were the most significant, contributing approximately 44.38 % and 11.91 % of total loss, respectively. Moreover, the rates of tree cover loss due to these eight drivers have increased significantly, with nearly a doubling observed in most cases; and these trends have shown no signs of stopping. Therefore, it is imperative to implement more robust forest management policies targeting specific drivers to curb tree cover loss by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate change adaption of European beech forests: Silver fir admixtures drive understorey plant diversity

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122499

Lukas Bärmann , Stefan Kaufmann , Markus Hauck

Transformation of monodominant European beech forests into mixed forests by adding alternative tree species is a key strategy of silvicultural climate change adaption in Central Europe. Silver fir (Abies alba) is a promising candidate tree species in this context, as both European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and silver fir were shown to benefit from being cultivated in mixed stands. Sampling pure and mixed forests of the two tree species along a gradient of increasing canopy fractions of silver fir on both acidic and base-rich soils in two montane regions of Central Europe, we analysed the effects of silver fir admixture on the diversity and composition of the forest ground vegetation. Generalized mixed models showed that on both soil types, silver fir admixture significantly increased plant species richness. On acidic soils, plant community changes indicated the encroachment of mixed forests of beech and silver fir by highly acidophilous plant species typical of mixed mountainous conifer forests, with a corresponding shift in the relative abundance of plant strategy types towards more stress-tolerating species. Community change on base-rich soils was mostly driven by increasing abundances of typical forest herbs and light-demanding woody plants. These results show that enriching temperate beech forests with silver fir as a measure of climate change adaption can be considered ecologically acceptable, at least from the perspective of forest understorey vegetation.

{"title":"Climate change adaption of European beech forests: Silver fir admixtures drive understorey plant diversity","authors":"Lukas Bärmann , Stefan Kaufmann , Markus Hauck","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transformation of monodominant European beech forests into mixed forests by adding alternative tree species is a key strategy of silvicultural climate change adaption in Central Europe. Silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) is a promising candidate tree species in this context, as both European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) and silver fir were shown to benefit from being cultivated in mixed stands. Sampling pure and mixed forests of the two tree species along a gradient of increasing canopy fractions of silver fir on both acidic and base-rich soils in two montane regions of Central Europe, we analysed the effects of silver fir admixture on the diversity and composition of the forest ground vegetation. Generalized mixed models showed that on both soil types, silver fir admixture significantly increased plant species richness. On acidic soils, plant community changes indicated the encroachment of mixed forests of beech and silver fir by highly acidophilous plant species typical of mixed mountainous conifer forests, with a corresponding shift in the relative abundance of plant strategy types towards more stress-tolerating species. Community change on base-rich soils was mostly driven by increasing abundances of typical forest herbs and light-demanding woody plants. These results show that enriching temperate beech forests with silver fir as a measure of climate change adaption can be considered ecologically acceptable, at least from the perspective of forest understorey vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interactions of soil properties and dominant tree canopy species with vegetation recruitment within a mine wasteland of the Zambian Copperbelt

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122498

Arthur A. Owiny , Paxie W. Chirwa , Jules Christian Zekeng , Theodore Mulembo Mwamba , Stephen Syampungani

Mine wastelands can affect soil’s properties, leading to stunted plant growth. However, little is known about the effect of different categories of soil parameters on plant recruitment under harsh conditions such as mine wastelands. The study aimed to determine how various soil properties contribute to vegetation recruitment around dominant tree canopy species within a Cu mine wasteland of the Zambian Copperbelt province. Soil and understory tree vegetation were sampled from 8 m radius circular plots beneath the canopies of dominant tree species. Grass and herb samples were collected from smaller, nested plots with a 1 m radius. Soil properties were analysed and biodiversity metrics (i.e. species richness, abundance, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices) were calculated. Data analysis included Kruskal-Wallis tests to assess soil properties variations among canopy species, a Weighted Linear Mixed Model (W-LMM) to evaluate the fixed effects of dominant tree canopy species on the biodiversity metrics and Random Forest models to identify key soil variables influencing biodiversity metrics. Results showed minimal variation in soil properties among canopy species. Dominant tree canopy species significantly influenced biodiversity, with Ficus capensis and Ficus craterostoma enhancing richness and diversity in tree and herb layers, while grass layers showed minimal responses. Heavy metals (e.g. Zr, Sn, Pb) reduced diversity, whereas nutrients like Fe, Ca, and Mg positively affected recruitment, explaining up to 40.5 % of variance in tree richness. These results emphasize the importance of soil nutrient management and species selection in improving plant recruitment, offering key considerations for enhancing ecological restoration efforts in mine tailings dams.

{"title":"Interactions of soil properties and dominant tree canopy species with vegetation recruitment within a mine wasteland of the Zambian Copperbelt","authors":"Arthur A. Owiny , Paxie W. Chirwa , Jules Christian Zekeng , Theodore Mulembo Mwamba , Stephen Syampungani","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mine wastelands can affect soil’s properties, leading to stunted plant growth. However, little is known about the effect of different categories of soil parameters on plant recruitment under harsh conditions such as mine wastelands. The study aimed to determine how various soil properties contribute to vegetation recruitment around dominant tree canopy species within a Cu mine wasteland of the Zambian Copperbelt province. Soil and understory tree vegetation were sampled from 8 m radius circular plots beneath the canopies of dominant tree species. Grass and herb samples were collected from smaller, nested plots with a 1 m radius. Soil properties were analysed and biodiversity metrics (i.e. species richness, abundance, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices) were calculated. Data analysis included Kruskal-Wallis tests to assess soil properties variations among canopy species, a Weighted Linear Mixed Model (W-LMM) to evaluate the fixed effects of dominant tree canopy species on the biodiversity metrics and Random Forest models to identify key soil variables influencing biodiversity metrics. Results showed minimal variation in soil properties among canopy species. Dominant tree canopy species significantly influenced biodiversity, with <em>Ficus capensis</em> and <em>Ficus craterostoma</em> enhancing richness and diversity in tree and herb layers, while grass layers showed minimal responses. Heavy metals (e.g. Zr, Sn, Pb) reduced diversity, whereas nutrients like Fe, Ca, and Mg positively affected recruitment, explaining up to 40.5 % of variance in tree richness. These results emphasize the importance of soil nutrient management and species selection in improving plant recruitment, offering key considerations for enhancing ecological restoration efforts in mine tailings dams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survival and growth of stump sprouts in canopy gaps: A seven-year study in a temperate secondary forest

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122500

Ting Zhang , Qiaoling Yan , G. Geoff Wang , Shuangtian Li , Lizhong Yu , Jiaojun Zhu

Gap-based silviculture in temperate forests is particularly important to improve forest regeneration and maintain forest ecosystem services. Resprouting is a common regeneration mode after gap formation. However, little is known about its potential to improve the restoration of secondary forests in gap-based silviculture. During a 7-year study (2015–2021), we selected several stumps of six tree species from eight large-medium artificial gaps (476–984 m²) of secondary forests to determine stump sprout dynamics in relation to tree species, stump diameter, and canopy openness. The final stump survival rate for each species exceeded 65 %. The stump sprouts of the six species presented a self-thinning process over 7 years, and the stump sprouts mainly occurred in the first three growing seasons after gap creation (2015–2017). With increasing time after gap creation, all six tree species showed a similar growth pattern, i.e., rapid growth in the first three growing seasons and slow growth in the last two growing seasons (2020–2021). Stump diameter was more likely to correlate with the number of sprouts per stump than canopy openness for all six tree species. For Quercus mongolica and Acer pictum subsp. mono, both stump diameter and canopy openness showed strong relationships with sprout growth in most growing seasons. Throughout the study period, the highest total contributions of stump diameter and canopy openness to sprout density and growth were approximately 50 %. Therefore, determining the appropriate stump diameter and canopy openness for specific species within gaps is beneficial for promoting stump resprouting and can enrich the application of post-logging stump resprouting in gap-based silviculture in secondary forests.

{"title":"Survival and growth of stump sprouts in canopy gaps: A seven-year study in a temperate secondary forest","authors":"Ting Zhang , Qiaoling Yan , G. Geoff Wang , Shuangtian Li , Lizhong Yu , Jiaojun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gap-based silviculture in temperate forests is particularly important to improve forest regeneration and maintain forest ecosystem services. Resprouting is a common regeneration mode after gap formation. However, little is known about its potential to improve the restoration of secondary forests in gap-based silviculture. During a 7-year study (2015–2021), we selected several stumps of six tree species from eight large-medium artificial gaps (476–984 m<sup>2</sup>) of secondary forests to determine stump sprout dynamics in relation to tree species, stump diameter, and canopy openness. The final stump survival rate for each species exceeded 65 %. The stump sprouts of the six species presented a self-thinning process over 7 years, and the stump sprouts mainly occurred in the first three growing seasons after gap creation (2015–2017). With increasing time after gap creation, all six tree species showed a similar growth pattern, i.e., rapid growth in the first three growing seasons and slow growth in the last two growing seasons (2020–2021). Stump diameter was more likely to correlate with the number of sprouts per stump than canopy openness for all six tree species. For <em>Quercus mongolica</em> and <em>Acer pictum</em> subsp. <em>mono</em>, both stump diameter and canopy openness showed strong relationships with sprout growth in most growing seasons. Throughout the study period, the highest total contributions of stump diameter and canopy openness to sprout density and growth were approximately 50 %. Therefore, determining the appropriate stump diameter and canopy openness for specific species within gaps is beneficial for promoting stump resprouting and can enrich the application of post-logging stump resprouting in gap-based silviculture in secondary forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing timber origin: Geographic provenancing at regional scale with multielement and strontium isotope ratio analyses

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122494

Agnese Aguzzoni , Francesco Giammarchi , Ignacio A. Mundo , Giulio Voto , Giustino Tonon , Werner Tirler , Enrico Tomelleri

International timber trading is subject to rigorous certification schemes that require the disclosure of essential information, including the tree species and geographic origin of the timber in question. Regrettably, the lack of readily accessible forensic tools to verify compliance has facilitated the proliferation of illegal timber trading, with dramatic consequences for ecosystems and biodiversity. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of a multichemical approach based on the multielement and strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratio analysis combined with chemometrics to test sample recognition according to their species and geographic origin. The sampling area covered a regional-scale portion of the Eastern Alpine region (< 30 000 km²), for highlighting the applicability of the approach within a spatially constrained context. The study focused on three representative species from local forests: Norway spruce, European larch, and Swiss stone pine. Samples were characterised from stands grown on diverse bedrock types. Our findings revealed a strikingly consistent variation in the multielement profiles across different species, thereby enabling flawless sample recognition. Considering the geographic origin, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio proved to be a pivotal parameter, by virtue of its correlation with the geo-lithological composition of the growing area. Combining the chemical markers, an accurate sample classification based on multiple decision trees was attained, even comparing forest stands grown on the same bedrock type. These findings offer novel insights into the utilisation of chemical markers in provenancing and authenticity studies, thereby enhancing the adoption of integrated approaches to counteract illegal timber trade.

{"title":"Tracing timber origin: Geographic provenancing at regional scale with multielement and strontium isotope ratio analyses","authors":"Agnese Aguzzoni , Francesco Giammarchi , Ignacio A. Mundo , Giulio Voto , Giustino Tonon , Werner Tirler , Enrico Tomelleri","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International timber trading is subject to rigorous certification schemes that require the disclosure of essential information, including the tree species and geographic origin of the timber in question. Regrettably, the lack of readily accessible forensic tools to verify compliance has facilitated the proliferation of illegal timber trading, with dramatic consequences for ecosystems and biodiversity. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of a multichemical approach based on the multielement and strontium isotope (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) ratio analysis combined with chemometrics to test sample recognition according to their species and geographic origin. The sampling area covered a regional-scale portion of the Eastern Alpine region (< 30 000 km<sup>2</sup>), for highlighting the applicability of the approach within a spatially constrained context. The study focused on three representative species from local forests: Norway spruce, European larch, and Swiss stone pine. Samples were characterised from stands grown on diverse bedrock types. Our findings revealed a strikingly consistent variation in the multielement profiles across different species, thereby enabling flawless sample recognition. Considering the geographic origin, the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio proved to be a pivotal parameter, by virtue of its correlation with the geo-lithological composition of the growing area. Combining the chemical markers, an accurate sample classification based on multiple decision trees was attained, even comparing forest stands grown on the same bedrock type. These findings offer novel insights into the utilisation of chemical markers in provenancing and authenticity studies, thereby enhancing the adoption of integrated approaches to counteract illegal timber trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 122494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advantages and disadvantages of planting seedlings and cuttings vary with environments: Japanese cedar seedlings achieve greater growth and survival rates but inferior stem forms than cuttings

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122495

Michinari Matsushita

When selecting clonal forestry or seedling forestry, understanding of the growth and survival characteristics of cuttings and seedlings are important. However, there is still limited information about the generality of the differences between cuttings and seedlings over time, and it is still unclear whether their performance will change differently along environmental variations such as temperature, precipitation and snowfall. The present study evaluated the tree growth, survival and stem forms of C. japonica at 29 test sites exhibiting various environmental conditions, and compared the performance of cuttings versus seedlings. The seedlings substantially outperformed the cuttings in terms of survival rates and height and diameter growth, while the cuttings showed better stem form. The stand mean height and diameter was markedly larger at the warmer environments, while the mean survival rate was smaller at the sites with deeper snow. In younger planted trees, seedlings outgrew cuttings at the sites with better growth conditions in terms of taller stand mean height, which was also positively correlated with higher mean temperatures. Seedlings had a higher survival rate than cuttings at the heavier snow sites when the planted trees grow older. Future climate change scenarios predict that mean temperature will increase, and this situation would favor seedling forestry rather than cutting forestry for C. japonica. The approaches and insights from this study will be useful for selecting between clonal and seedling forestry for future climate changes.

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引用次数: 0

Forest management reduces soil carbon sequestration potential in European temperate forests

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122493

Laxmi Moktan , Jeňýk Hofmeister , Filip Oulehle , Otmar Urban , Jakub Hruška , Molly Smith Metok , Martin Mikoláš , Katka Markuljaková , Miroslav Svoboda

In recent years, the carbon (C) balance of temperate forests has been the focus of growing research interest, as even European temperate forests have shown potential to serve as effective CO₂ sinks. However, almost all the attention has predominantly focused on the aboveground biomass of the trees, while C accumulated in forest soils has largely been neglected. This study provides a comparative quantitative assessment of total soil C stored in the forest soils subjected to varying degrees of human influence, highlighting their role in the overall carbon budget in the temperate forests of Central Europe. We found that soil C stocks in unmanaged forests, with likely low or no human influence in the past, generally exceed those in adjacent managed forests. However, some unmanaged forests, despite being protected for several decades, had lower soil C stocks than adjacent managed forests, likely due to severe historical human exploitation.

Soil C stocks (down to 40 cm of mineral topsoil) in managed forests ranged from 1117 g/m² to 2058 g/m², while in unmanaged forests, they ranged from 774 g/m² to 3490 g/m². Among different soil horizons, fermentation and humification (FH), and 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm of mineral soil, the upper mineral soil layer (0–10 cm) contributed most to C stocks (32 % to 47 %). In conclusion, forests that have remained unmanaged with little to no historical human impact tend to store significantly more soil C than recently managed forests. These findings highlight the significant role of unmanaged forests in soil carbon sequestration, underscoring the need to consider soil C in forest management strategies.

{"title":"Forest management reduces soil carbon sequestration potential in European temperate forests","authors":"Laxmi Moktan , Jeňýk Hofmeister , Filip Oulehle , Otmar Urban , Jakub Hruška , Molly Smith Metok , Martin Mikoláš , Katka Markuljaková , Miroslav Svoboda","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the carbon (C) balance of temperate forests has been the focus of growing research interest, as even European temperate forests have shown potential to serve as effective CO<sub>2</sub> sinks. However, almost all the attention has predominantly focused on the aboveground biomass of the trees, while C accumulated in forest soils has largely been neglected. This study provides a comparative quantitative assessment of total soil C stored in the forest soils subjected to varying degrees of human influence, highlighting their role in the overall carbon budget in the temperate forests of Central Europe. We found that soil C stocks in unmanaged forests, with likely low or no human influence in the past, generally exceed those in adjacent managed forests. However, some unmanaged forests, despite being protected for several decades, had lower soil C stocks than adjacent managed forests, likely due to severe historical human exploitation.</div><div>Soil C stocks (down to 40 cm of mineral topsoil) in managed forests ranged from 1117 g/m<sup>2</sup> to 2058 g/m<sup>2</sup>, while in unmanaged forests, they ranged from 774 g/m<sup>2</sup> to 3490 g/m<sup>2</sup>. Among different soil horizons, fermentation and humification (FH), and 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm of mineral soil, the upper mineral soil layer (0–10 cm) contributed most to C stocks (32 % to 47 %). In conclusion, forests that have remained unmanaged with little to no historical human impact tend to store significantly more soil C than recently managed forests. These findings highlight the significant role of unmanaged forests in soil carbon sequestration, underscoring the need to consider soil C in forest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 122493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0