Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第8页

Forest degradation opens the door to leaf-cutting ants in the mountains of central Argentina 森林退化为阿根廷中部山区的切叶蚂蚁打开了大门

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123474

Luciana Peirone-Cappri, Ana M. Cingolani, Melisa A. Giorgis

Leaf-cutting ants are dominant herbivorous insects that play a key role in ecosystem dynamics. In recent decades, their populations have expanded in fragmented, disturbed or modified forests, highlighting the need to understand their responses to environmental change. We examined how fire, grazing, and vegetation structure affect the nest occurrence of Acromyrmex lobicornis and Acromyrmex crassispinus, the dominant leaf-cutting ants in the mountains of central Argentina. We conducted stratified random sampling across habitats along an elevation gradient and used generalized linear models to assess the influence of topographic, vegetation and disturbance-related variables on nest occurrence. Of the 250 plots surveyed, A. lobicornis was found in 18.8 % of plots (1.49 nests/ha) and A. crassispinus in 14.1 % (1.12 nests/ha), within their respective elevational ranges. Both species were least frequent in conserved native forests, confirming their preference for open, disturbed or modified habitats. However, their responses diverged. A. lobicornis was directly associated with disturbance, occurring more often in recently burned areas and sites with intense livestock activity. In contrast, A. crassispinus was linked mainly to vegetation structures shaped by long-term disturbance and habitat modification, thriving in rocky open areas and exotic forests with sparse understory and extensive bare soil beneath the canopy. Overall, forest modification or degradation opens the door to leaf-cutting ants by creating open or bare habitats, while species-specific traits determine the magnitude and pathways of this response. From a management perspective, conserving mature forests as refugia from leaf-cutting ants, and protecting forest regeneration in degraded areas should be prioritized.

切叶蚁是一种优势的草食性昆虫，在生态系统动力学中起着关键作用。近几十年来，它们的数量在破碎的、受到干扰的或经过改造的森林中扩大，这突出表明有必要了解它们对环境变化的反应。研究了火灾、放牧和植被结构对阿根廷中部山区优势切叶蚁Acromyrmex lobicornis和Acromyrmex crassispinus蚁巢发生的影响。我们沿着海拔梯度在不同的栖息地进行分层随机抽样，并使用广义线性模型评估地形、植被和干扰相关变量对巢发生的影响。在250个调查样地中，在各自海拔范围内，有18.8% %的样地（1.49个巢/ha）和14.1% %的样地（1.12个巢/ha）被发现。这两种物种在受保护的原始森林中出现的频率最低，证实了它们对开放、受干扰或经过改造的栖息地的偏好。然而，他们的反应却大相径庭。白角拟南草与干扰直接相关，多发生在最近被烧毁的地区和牲畜活动密集的地点。与此相反，粗松木主要与长期干扰和生境改造形成的植被结构有关，在林下疏林和林下广泛裸露土壤的岩石开阔地区和外来森林中生长旺盛。总体而言，森林改造或退化通过创造开放或裸露的栖息地为切叶蚂蚁打开了大门，而物种特异性特征决定了这种反应的大小和途径。从管理角度看，应优先保护成熟森林，使其成为伐叶蚁的避难所，并保护退化地区的森林再生。

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引用次数: 0

Invasion of fleshy-fruited plants alter patterns of native seedling recruitment in a temperate forest of Patagonia 巴塔哥尼亚温带森林中肉质果实植物的入侵改变了本地幼苗的招募模式

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123499

Valeria L. Martin-Albarracin , Matthias Schleuning , Jörg Albrecht , Guillermo C. Amico

Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Invasive fleshy-fruited plants can alter seed dispersal interactions, however the implications for the natural regeneration of native fleshy fruited plants are not well understood. In this study conducted in the temperate forest of Patagonia, we evaluated (1) differences in seed rain and seedling recruitment between sites with different degrees of invasion of fleshy-fruited plants; (2) how seed rain determines seedling recruitment at the level of the plant community; and (3) how invasion alters the native seedling recruitment process. For this, we selected 10 study sites; five invaded and five uninvaded by fleshy-fruited plants, establishing one 100 × 30 m² plot per site. We estimated density and crop size per plant species, seed rain and seedling recruitment. We collected 1857 seeds and recorded 377 seedlings of fleshy-fruited plants across all sites, consisting of 10 native and 6 non-native species. The total number of seedlings was similar between invaded and uninvaded sites, but seed rain and species richness was higher in invaded sites. There was a positive relationship between seed rain and seedling recruitment. Plant invasion had not direct effect on seed rain or seedling recruitment, however, seed rain and seedling recruitment of native species became decoupled in invaded sites. This study shows that the invasive species studied not only spread in the native forest but also reduce the recruitment of native fleshy-fruited plants with which they share seed dispersers. Therefore, controlling exotic species is critical for native forest regeneration.

生物入侵是生物多样性和生态系统功能的主要威胁之一。入侵肉质果植物可以改变种子传播的相互作用，但对本地肉质果植物自然再生的影响尚不清楚。本研究以巴塔哥尼亚温带森林为研究对象，评估了(1)肉果植物入侵程度不同的地点在种子雨和幼苗招募方面的差异；(2)种子雨如何在植物群落水平上决定幼苗的补充；(3)入侵如何改变本地幼苗的招募过程。为此，我们选择了10个研究地点；5个肉质果植物入侵和5个未入侵，每个站点建立一个100 × 30 m2的地块。我们估计了密度和每一种植物的作物大小、种子雨和幼苗招募。我们在所有站点收集了1857个种子，记录了377个肉果植物幼苗，其中包括10个本地物种和6个非本地物种。入侵地与非入侵地的幼苗总数相似，但入侵地的种子雨量和物种丰富度更高。种子雨与苗期招募呈显著正相关。植物入侵对种子雨和补苗没有直接影响，但在入侵地，本地物种的种子雨和补苗出现了解耦现象。研究表明，入侵物种不仅在原生林中蔓延，而且减少了与它们共享种子传播器的本地肉果植物的招募。因此，控制外来物种对原生森林的更新至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Savanna restoration on the Cumberland Plateau impacts whole-ecosystem carbon storage and increases biodiversity 坎伯兰高原稀树草原恢复影响了整个生态系统的碳储量，增加了生物多样性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123489

Tamara F. Milton , Heather D. Alexander , Craig A. Harper , Maya M. Lapp , Nathan Wilhite

Across the central and eastern U.S., fire-maintained oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) savannas are transitioning to closed-canopy forests because of fire exclusion and land-use change, prompting restoration efforts using low-intensity prescribed fire. Although restoring and maintaining open ecosystems with fire can increase plant diversity and improve wildlife habitat, there are largely unknown consequences for overall ecosystem carbon (C) balance, especially in relation to fire regime (frequency/seasonality). We investigated ecosystem C and plant biodiversity response to 14 years of savanna restoration treatments (early vs. late growing season fire at 1-, 2-, or 3-year frequency) compared to an unmanaged, closed-canopy forest and early-successional old-field on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee, USA. Because of greater tree biomass, the closed-canopy forest stored 2–3 times more total C (226.6 Mg ha⁻¹) than the restored savanna (78.6–111.5 Mg ha⁻¹) and old-field (86.2 Mg ha⁻¹). However, the savanna stored as much or more C in protected (e.g., fine roots/mineral soils) and quickly recovering (e.g., understory vegetation) pools than the closed-canopy forest. Within the restored savanna, early growing season fires led to more total C (98.9 Mg ha⁻¹) than those conducted later in the growing season (86.3 Mg ha⁻¹), largely as a result of elevated fine root and mineral soil C. Plant diversity was greatest in the savanna regardless of fire regime. We documented a trade-off between total C storage and biodiversity in closed vs. open ecosystem states and increased C pools when burning earlier in the growing season. Overall, savanna restoration may increase plant biodiversity while promoting long-term C storage in protected and resilient pools.

在美国中部和东部，由于火灾的排除和土地利用的变化，用火维持的橡树（栎属）和松树（松属）稀树草原正在过渡到封闭的冠层森林，这促使了使用低强度规定火灾的恢复工作。尽管通过火灾恢复和维持开放生态系统可以增加植物多样性并改善野生动物栖息地，但对整个生态系统碳(C)平衡的影响在很大程度上是未知的，特别是与火灾制度（频率/季节性）有关。在美国田纳西州坎伯兰高原，研究了14年热带稀树草原恢复处理（1年、2年或3年频率的生长期早期和后期火灾）对生态系统C和植物多样性的响应，并与未管理的封闭冠层森林和早期演替旧田进行了比较。由于树木生物量更大，封闭林冠森林的总碳储量（226.6 Mg ha−1）是恢复草原（78.6 ~ 111.5 Mg ha−1）和原野（86.2 Mg ha−1）的2 ~ 3倍。然而，稀树草原在受保护的（如细根/矿质土壤）和迅速恢复的（如下层植被）池中储存的碳与封闭冠层森林一样多或更多。在恢复的热带稀树草原中，生长季早期火灾导致的总碳含量（98.9 Mg ha−1）高于生长季后期（86.3 Mg ha−1），这主要是由于细根和矿质土壤碳含量升高。我们记录了在封闭和开放生态系统状态下总碳储量和生物多样性之间的权衡，以及在生长季节早期燃烧时增加的碳库。总体而言，热带稀树草原恢复可以增加植物生物多样性，同时促进受保护和弹性池中的长期碳储存。

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引用次数: 0

Personal laser scanning reveals how canopy structure, topographic parameters and light regime influence natural regeneration in alpine protection forests 个人激光扫描揭示了高寒防护林冠层结构、地形参数和光照状况对自然更新的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123488

Sarah Witzmann , Christoph Gollob , Ralf Kraßnitzer , Tim Ritter , Andreas Tockner , Helmut Schume , Arne Nothdurft

Natural forest regeneration is necessary to preserve forest stability, resilience, and long-term functionality. In Austria, where protective forests cover approximately 40 % of forested areas, regeneration deficits threaten the sustainability of ecosystem services, particularly in the face of increasing disturbance events. Natural regeneration does not only ensure a continuous forest cover, but itself increases the protective function of the entire stand by increasing water retention and slope stability, and preventing soil erosion and small rockfalls. Despite the importance of promoting regeneration, forest managers lack clear, data-based guidance on environmental and structural conditions that support it. We aimed to identify key site and stand variables that influence the density of natural regeneration in alpine protective forests and to provide actionable recommendations for improving forest management practices. Our analysis revealed that regeneration density is significantly influenced by topographic conditions and overstory structure, with varying preferences for light availability. Key factors included incident solar radiation, crown base height, and stand stratification. Results indicate that a one-size-fits-all approach to gap size or residual basal area is inadequate. Our findings advance the ecological understanding of alpine protection forest dynamics and deliver a practical framework for implementing site-adapted, sustainable forest management strategies.

自然森林更新是保持森林稳定性、恢复力和长期功能的必要条件。在奥地利，防护林覆盖了大约40% %的森林面积，再生不足威胁着生态系统服务的可持续性，特别是在面对日益增加的干扰事件时。自然更新不仅保证了森林覆盖的连续性，而且增加了整个林分的保水性和边坡稳定性，防止了水土流失和小落石，增加了整个林分的保护功能。尽管促进再生很重要，但森林管理者缺乏关于支持再生的环境和结构条件的明确的、基于数据的指导。我们的目的是确定影响高山保护林自然更新密度的关键场址和林分变量，并为改善森林管理实践提供可行的建议。我们的分析表明，再生密度受地形条件和上层结构的显著影响，并且对光可用性有不同的偏好。关键因素包括入射太阳辐射、树冠基部高度和林分分层。结果表明，对间隙大小或剩余基底面积的一刀切方法是不够的。我们的研究结果促进了对高山保护林动态的生态学理解，并为实施适应地点的可持续森林管理战略提供了一个实用框架。

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引用次数: 0

Forest structure and microclimate predict nesting activity and reproductive success of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera 森林结构和小气候可预测腔巢膜翅目昆虫的筑巢活动和繁殖成功

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123495

Emily P. Tudor , Adam T. Cross , Sean Tomlinson

Landscape-scale habitat alteration causes changes in biotic and abiotic conditions that may drive population declines of insect pollinators and other functional guilds. Such declines may consequentially impair ecosystem function and composition. Our objective was to examine whether habitat structure or microclimate best explained patterns in nesting activity and reproductive output of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera, specifically Megachile (Family: Megachilidae), along a successional gradient following post-mining rehabilitation and restoration in Australia’s south-west. To do so, we sampled cavity-nesting Hymenoptera using artificial nesting cavities (trap nests) across twelve survey sites randomly selected across a 22-year restoration chronosequence. We observed that early successional restoration sites had warmer microclimates and supported increased nesting activity and greater fecundity of cavity-nesting bees (principally M. aurifrons). In contrast, cavity-nesting wasps were recorded less frequently but in association with areas of reduced understorey density. Early successional and open habitats appear important in maintaining highly fecund populations of the large cavity-nesting bees that we studied here, suggesting that thermal ecology may underpin the mechanisms driving habitat selection by these important pollinators in heterogenous forested landscapes. This has implications for the management of biodiversity in Australia because cavity-nesting bees represent an important component of the hymenopteran fauna, and often fulfil specialised pollination roles in native ecosystems. Ongoing restoration management could aim to maximise landscape heterogeneity by featuring a mix of successional stages to support the abiotic and biotic requirements of a biodiverse insect community.

景观尺度的生境改变引起生物和非生物条件的变化，可能导致昆虫传粉者和其他功能行会的种群减少。这种下降可能会损害生态系统的功能和组成。我们的目的是研究栖息地结构或小气候是否能最好地解释在澳大利亚西南部开采后恢复和恢复后沿演变梯度筑巢活动和繁殖产出的腔巢膜翅目昆虫，特别是巨型昆虫（科：巨型昆虫科）的模式。为了做到这一点，我们在22年的恢复时间序列中随机选择了12个调查地点，使用人工筑巢（陷阱巢）对腔巢膜翅目昆虫进行了采样。我们观察到，早期演替恢复地点具有较温暖的小气候，支持巢蜂（主要是M. aurifrons）的筑巢活动增加和繁殖力提高。相比之下，洞巢黄蜂的记录频率较低，但与下层植被密度减少的地区有关。早期演替和开放的栖息地对于维持我们研究的大洞巢蜜蜂的高产种群很重要，这表明热生态学可能支持驱动这些重要传粉媒介在异质森林景观中选择栖息地的机制。这对澳大利亚生物多样性的管理具有重要意义，因为腔巢蜜蜂是膜翅目动物群的重要组成部分，并且经常在本地生态系统中发挥专门的授粉作用。正在进行的恢复管理可以通过具有演替阶段的混合来支持生物多样性昆虫群落的非生物和生物需求，从而最大限度地提高景观异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging shared PWD-resistant consensus and implementation across Mainland Portugal: An assessment framework for large-scale mixed-forest conversion projects and their cost–feasibility 弥合葡萄牙大陆抵御pwd的共识和实施：大型混交林转换项目及其成本可行性评估框架

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123482

Tiantian Ma , Yakui Shao , Huiqing Pei , Takuya Hiroshima , Miga Magenika Julian , Biao Zhang , Bingqian Ma , Shen Tan , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Zhichao Wang , Zhongke Feng

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of Europe’s most acute transboundary forest health threats, with Portugal and the Portugal–Spain buffer zone forming its primary defense line. Although mixed-forest conversion is widely viewed as a promising strategy for reducing host continuity and enhancing resistance, its real-world implementation has remained unclear due to the complexity of coordinating climate-driven habitat shifts, large-area planning, and long-term costs. Here we move from scientific conception to engineering practice by developing a spatial–temporal–economic assessment framework for nationwide PWD-resistant mixed-forest establishment in mainland Portugal. Using optimized MaxEnt models under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios for the 2030 s and 2050 s, we show that maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) suitability contracts sharply, with a northwestward centroid shift of up to ∼101 km by 2050, while a four-species mixed forest retains markedly higher stability, maintaining ∼43.3 % suitability even under SSP5–8.5. Integrating suitability with slope, accessibility, and afforestation mechanisms, we design a three-phase conversion blueprint (2025–2050) targeting 3.61–3.62 × 10⁴ km². Implementation relies on mechanical afforestation and UAV seeding, with mechanical operations accounting for > 83 % of total area. Cost modeling indicates a required investment of 3.186–4.404 B€ (128–176 M€/yr), with Phase II comprising ∼74 % of the total effort. This framework demonstrates that large-scale mixed-forest establishment is not only ecologically advantageous but also operationally and economically feasible. It provides a transferable model for converting ecological concepts into engineered forest-resilience programs under accelerating climate and biosecurity pressures.

松树枯萎病（PWD）是欧洲最严重的跨境森林健康威胁之一，葡萄牙和葡萄牙-西班牙缓冲区构成了其主要防线。虽然混交林转换被广泛认为是减少宿主连续性和增强抵抗力的一种有前景的策略，但由于协调气候驱动的栖息地转移、大面积规划和长期成本的复杂性，其在现实世界中的实施仍不明朗。在这里，我们通过开发一个空间-时间-经济评估框架，为葡萄牙大陆的全国抗pwd混交林建立从科学概念到工程实践。利用优化后的MaxEnt模型，在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下对2030年 s和2050年 s进行预测，我们发现海松（Pinus pinaster Ait.）的适宜性急剧收缩，到2050年重心向西北移动高达101 km，而四种混合林则保持了明显更高的稳定性，即使在SSP5-8.5情景下也保持了43.3% %的适宜性。结合坡度适宜性、可达性和造林机制，我们设计了一个三相转换蓝图（2025-2050），目标为3.61-3.62 × 10⁴km²。实施依靠机械造林和无人机播种，机械作业占总面积的>； 83 %。成本模型表明，所需投资为3.186-4.404亿欧元（128-176 亿欧元/年），第二阶段占总工作量的约74 %。这一框架表明，大规模混交林建设不仅在生态上有利，而且在操作和经济上也是可行的。它为在日益加剧的气候和生物安全压力下将生态概念转化为工程森林恢复力方案提供了一个可转移的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term stand growth and survival of loblolly pine open-pollinated families and clonal varieties in the West Gulf Coastal Plain 西墨西哥湾沿岸平原明花火炬松科和无性系品种的长期林分生长和存活

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123491

Tej Raj Oli , Pradip Saud , Michael A. Blazier , Marco Yáñez , Matthew Pelkki

While most studies of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes have focused on early growth, long-term performance under operational conditions remains understudied. This study compared the growth dynamics of five genetic entries (open-pollinated families: OP 756, OP 8103, and LA OP; and clonal varieties: V 9 and V 93) in the West Gulf Coastal Plain ecoregion of northwest Louisiana, USA, using 20 years of remeasurement data. A linear mixed-effects model showed significant genotype × age interactions and survival effects on growth metrics at both individual and stand levels. V 93 achieved the greatest height (6.2–18.8 % higher). While OP 756 exhibited the largest average breast-height diameter (DBH) and stem volume, the differences were non-significant. V 9 outperformed all others with stand volumes 6.5–33 % greater, as its higher survival (> 90 %) offsets the relatively smaller individual DBH and heights, ensuring volume superiority. Genetic differences in tree-level growth began to emerge after age 4 or 5. Over 60 % of the variability in tree height and DBH was attributed to plot and tree-level variation; however, plot-level variation had a minimal influence on stand-level performance. A marginal logistic regression also indicated a significant genotype × age interaction, suggesting survival varied over time. Overall, varietals offer strong potential for improved productivity over OP families under operational conditions and could benefit landowners across similar ecoregions, whereas locally sourced LA OP showed relatively poor growth performance. However, genotype selection should consider site conditions, management goals, and long-term objectives to ensure optimal outcomes.

虽然大多数对火炬松（Pinus taeda L.）基因型的研究都集中在早期生长上，但在操作条件下的长期表现仍未得到充分研究。利用20年的再测量资料，比较了美国路易斯安那州西北部西墨西哥湾沿岸平原生态区5个遗传项（开放授粉科：OP 756、OP 8103和LA OP；无性系：V 9和V 93）的生长动态。线性混合效应模型显示，在个体和林分水平上，基因型× 年龄相互作用和生存对生长指标的影响显著。v93最高，高6.2 ~ 18.8 %。虽然OP 756表现出最大的平均胸高直径（DBH）和茎体积，但差异不显著。v9比其他所有的林分体积大6.5-33 %，因为其较高的成活率（> 90 %）抵消了相对较小的单株胸径和高度，确保了体积优势。树级生长的遗传差异在4岁或5岁后开始出现。60 %以上的树高和胸径变异归因于样地和树位的变异；而样地水平变异对林分表现的影响最小。边际逻辑回归也显示了显著的基因型与 年龄的相互作用，表明生存率随时间而变化。总体而言，在操作条件下，品种具有提高OP家族生产力的强大潜力，并且可以使类似生态区域的土地所有者受益，而本地采购的LA OP表现出相对较差的增长表现。然而，基因型选择应考虑场地条件、管理目标和长期目标，以确保最佳结果。

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引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0