Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第7页

Retrospective long-term effects of halo thinning: Ground-cover vegetation diversity 20 years after remnant oak release 光晕间伐的回顾性长期影响：残栎树释放后20年的地被植被多样性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123522

Agnese Anta Liepiņa, Diāna Jansone, Didzis Elferts, Jānis Donis, Zane Lībiete

Integrating biodiversity objectives into production forestry requires management practices that maintain structural and functional diversity over time. In hemiboreal regions, historical favouring of conifers has simplified forest composition, reducing broadleaved components crucial to understorey diversity. Selective canopy release through halo thinning has been proposed as a multifunctional approach to enhance habitat heterogeneity, yet its long-term ecological outcomes remain insufficiently quantified. This study retrospectively assessed canopy light conditions and forest ground-cover vegetation around halo-thinned pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees twenty years after the intervention in mixed hemiboreal forests of Latvia. Vegetation surveys and hemispherical canopy photography were conducted in the vicinity of 22 halo-thinned and 21 control oak trees across eight forest stands. Ground-cover vegetation structure beneath remnant oak trees was broadly comparable between managed and control plots, with no persistent differences in cover, richness, or diversity. Species associated with oak-dominated habitats likewise showed limited responses, indicating that targeted oak release alone was insufficient to recreate conditions characteristic of broadleaved forests. Notably, herb-layer richness showed no consistent relationship with stand basal area or gap fraction but was strongly associated with fine-scale canopy architecture, emphasising that foliage distribution, rather than overall stand openness, shaped long-term understorey responses. Overall, the findings suggest that small-scale halo thinning alone is unlikely to induce persistent shifts in understorey composition, but it may help maintain structural heterogeneity around remnant oaks. When integrated with broader or repeated interventions, halo thinning may contribute to multipurpose forestry strategies that reconcile oak conservation with production-oriented forest management.

将生物多样性目标纳入生产性林业需要长期保持结构和功能多样性的管理实践。在半北方地区，历史上对针叶树的偏爱简化了森林组成，减少了对林下多样性至关重要的阔叶成分。通过晕减薄的选择性冠层释放被认为是增强生境异质性的多功能方法，但其长期生态结果仍然缺乏足够的量化。本研究回顾性评估了拉脱维亚半北方混交林干预20年后冠层光照条件和有羽栎树（Quercus robur L.）周围的森林地被植被。在8个林分的22棵晕疏栎树和21棵对照栎树附近进行了植被调查和半半球冠层摄影。残余栎树下的地被植被结构在管理样地和对照样地之间具有大致可比性，在覆盖度、丰富度或多样性方面没有持续的差异。与橡树为主的栖息地相关的物种同样表现出有限的响应，这表明仅有针对性地释放橡树不足以重建阔叶林的特征条件。值得注意的是，草本层丰富度与林分基面积或林隙分数没有一致的关系，但与细尺度林冠结构密切相关，强调叶片分布而不是林分总体开度决定了林下植被的长期响应。总的来说，研究结果表明，单靠小规模的光晕变薄不太可能引起林下成分的持续变化，但它可能有助于维持残栎树周围的结构异质性。当与更广泛或重复的干预措施相结合时，光晕间伐可能有助于协调橡树保护与面向生产的森林管理的多用途林业战略。

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引用次数: 0

Dominant vegetation effect on microbial diversity and composition in a mosaic Mediterranean forest 优势植被对地中海花叶林微生物多样性和组成的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123521

Lucia Pole , Željko Zgrablić , Olga Malev , Ana Pošta , Armin Mešić , Tijana Martinović

Mediterranean forests exhibit high spatial heterogeneity and host diverse soil microbial communities critical for ecosystem functioning and resilience. Yet, the relative contributions of dominant vegetation, environmental factors, spatial heterogeneity and legacy effects in shaping these microbial communities remain insufficiently resolved. We address this gap by analysing soil fungal and bacterial communities across dominant vegetation species: Cistus spp., Pinus halepensis, and Quercus ilex in Donji Kamenjak, Croatia – a protected area with history of agricultural use and current passive forest management. We hypothesised that vegetation would influence microbial communities, particularly ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi, through host-specific interactions, while acknowledging that site-related factors could mediate these effects and that a core microbiome would persist across environmental gradients. Soil samples were analysed for soil properties, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, and microbial community composition using amplicon sequencing. Contrary to our hypothesis, vegetation effect on microbial communities was weak. Instead, spatial structuring was the main driver of community variation, with limited influence of environmental variables. Ectomycorrhizal fungi showed clear structuring by dominant vegetation, consistent with their host associations. Fungal core community was dominated by saprotrophs and EcM, while Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria dominated in the bacterial core community. These findings suggest that mosaic habitats, spatial vectors, and passive management may buffer vegetation-driven changes, contributing to overall community stability and the vegetation effects are likely guild-specific. This study adds to our understanding of microbial communities in Mediterranean forests, highlighting the importance of spatial scale in interpretation of vegetation-microbe relationships, with implications for conservation and forest management.

地中海森林表现出高度的空间异质性，并拥有对生态系统功能和恢复力至关重要的多种土壤微生物群落。然而，优势植被、环境因子、空间异质性和遗留效应在形成这些微生物群落中的相对贡献尚未得到充分解决。我们通过分析克罗地亚Donji Kamenjak（一个具有农业利用历史和当前被动森林管理的保护区）的优势植被物种（山楂、halepensis和栎）的土壤真菌和细菌群落来解决这一差距。我们假设植被会通过宿主特异性相互作用影响微生物群落，特别是外生菌根（EcM）真菌，同时承认与地点相关的因素可以介导这些影响，并且核心微生物组将在环境梯度中持续存在。利用扩增子测序分析土壤样品的土壤性质、微生物生物量、酶活性和微生物群落组成。与我们的假设相反，植被对微生物群落的影响较弱。相反，空间结构是群落变化的主要驱动力，环境变量的影响有限。外生菌根真菌在优势植被中表现出清晰的结构，与其寄主关联一致。真菌核心群落以腐养菌和EcM菌为主，放线菌和变形菌属在细菌核心群落中占主导地位。这些发现表明，马赛克生境、空间载体和被动管理可以缓冲植被驱动的变化，有助于整体群落的稳定，植被效应可能是行会特有的。这项研究增加了我们对地中海森林微生物群落的理解，强调了空间尺度在解释植被-微生物关系中的重要性，对保护和森林管理具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Author response to "Comments on “Clear-cuts and warming summers caused forest bird populations to decline in a southern boreal area” by Virkkala et al. " by Vauhkonen 作者对Virkkala等人关于“砍伐森林和夏季变暖导致南方北方地区森林鸟类数量下降”的评论的回应。作者：Vauhkonen

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123477

R. Virkkala, A.-M. Määttänen, R.K. Heikkinen

In his correspondence, Vauhkonen (2025) argues that our analysis indicating a significant effect of clear-cutting on the decline of forest bird populations is misleading because of the use of cumulative clear-cuts as an explanatory variable in the model. He has reanalysed our bird census data by including annual clear-cuts in different analyses. Here, we reply to Vauhkonen’s critique and show that annual clear-cuts cannot be used as an explanatory variable because they do not take account of the long-term effects of clear-cuts. Annual clear-cuts cover only 1.4 % of the study area, on average (7.5 ha/564 ha). Such a small proportion of the landscape cannot, on its own, affect bird population densities yearly across the whole study area during the 30-year study. In contrast, as most of the abundant bird species prefer forests with a mean stand height of over 10 m, clear-cuts have long-lasting negative effects on boreal bird populations that accumulate across several years or even decades. This effect is ignored in the models by Vauhkonen (2025), rendering them ecologically irrelevant. We conclude that our approach of using cumulative clear-cuts is well-founded for analysing the effects of clear-cuts on bird populations. Other factors criticized by the author, such as aging of the observer and the use of Global Forest Change data in measuring clear-cut cover, do not cause deviations to the original results presented by us.

在他的通信中，Vauhkonen（2025）认为，我们的分析表明，砍伐对森林鸟类种群数量下降有显著影响，这是误导性的，因为在模型中使用了累积砍伐作为解释变量。他重新分析了我们的鸟类普查数据，在不同的分析中加入了每年一次的砍伐。在这里，我们对沃科南的批评进行了回应，并表明每年的砍伐不能作为一个解释变量，因为它们没有考虑到砍伐的长期影响。年砍伐面积仅占研究面积的1.4 %，平均为7.5 ha/564 ha。在30年的研究中，如此小比例的景观本身并不能影响整个研究区域的鸟类种群密度。相比之下，由于大多数丰富的鸟类物种更喜欢平均林分高度超过10 m的森林，因此砍伐对北方鸟类种群的负面影响是长期的，这种负面影响会在几年甚至几十年内积累起来。这种影响在Vauhkonen（2025）的模型中被忽略了，使得它们在生态学上无关紧要。我们的结论是，我们使用累积砍伐的方法对于分析砍伐对鸟类种群的影响是有充分基础的。作者批评的其他因素，如观测者的年龄和使用全球森林变化数据来测量砍伐覆盖，都不会对我们提出的原始结果造成偏差。

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引用次数: 0

How artificial drought generated by the Balbina hydropower dam has transformed the floristic structure of downstream floodplain forests 巴尔比纳水电站大坝造成的人工干旱是如何改变下游洪泛区森林的植物区系结构的

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123496

Carla Iara Dos Santos Dantas , Layon Oreste Demarchi , Florian Wittmann , Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade , Giuliette Barbosa Mano , João Paulo Martins de Souza , Jochen Schöngart

The central Amazon basin has been affected by the two lowest water levels on instrumental records in 2023/2024, inducing severe hydrological droughts affecting human populations and floodplain ecosystems. However, the impacts of severe droughts on Amazonian floodplains are poorly studied. Here we investigate the extent of an artificial drought in the blackwater floodplains (igapó) downstream of the Balbina dam, caused by the damming of the Uatumã River to fill the reservoir in the period 1987–1989. Our hypothesis is that the severe prolonged hydrological drought conditions killed the igapó forests downstream the dam. Therefore, we established at regular fluvial distance of 10 ± 1 km a plot along the main course of the Uatumã River to analyze changes in floristic composition, diversity, structure and biomass of the igapó forests downstream of the Balbina dam. In 15 plots (total area 3,75 ha) a total of 2559 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were inventoried, identified, and allometric equations were applied to estimate aboveground biomass. Based on floristic dissimilarity, a non-metric multidimensional scaling suggests two plot clusters, separated by the fluvial distance of about 120 km downstream of the dam. While the plot cluster close to the dam is characterized by a high abundance of resprouting trees and biomass of disturbance-indicator species, plot cluster 2 presents a higher species richness and basal area and is dominated by late-successional species. We discuss these findings in the background of increased frequency and magnitude of severe droughts in recent years and the planned hydropower plants which are threats for this ecosystems harboring an unique biodiversity.

亚马逊中部盆地在2023/2024年受到仪器记录中最低水位的影响，导致严重的水文干旱，影响人口和洪泛区生态系统。然而，严重干旱对亚马逊洪泛区的影响研究甚少。在这里，我们研究了1987-1989年期间Uatumã河筑坝填满水库造成的Balbina大坝下游黑水洪泛平原（igapó）人工干旱的程度。我们的假设是，长期严重的水文干旱条件杀死了大坝下游的igapó森林。因此，我们沿Uatumã河主河道在规则河流距离10 ± 1 km处建立了一个样地，分析了巴尔比纳大坝下游igapó森林的植物区系组成、多样性、结构和生物量的变化。在15个样地（总面积3,75 ha）共调查鉴定了胸径≥ 10 cm的树木2559株，并应用异速生长方程估算了地上生物量。基于植物区系差异，非度量多维尺度显示两个地块群，被大坝下游约120 km的河流距离隔开。靠近坝体的样地集群具有较高的再生树丰度和干扰指示物种生物量，而样地集群2具有较高的物种丰富度和基底面积，以晚演替物种为主。我们在近年来严重干旱的频率和程度增加的背景下讨论这些发现，以及计划中的水电站对这个拥有独特生物多样性的生态系统构成威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal habitat selection in an arboreal mammal identifies landscape characteristics that improve species resilience under climate change 一种树栖哺乳动物的季节性栖息地选择识别了在气候变化下提高物种适应能力的景观特征

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123480

Stefanie Bonat , Megan S. Sparrow , Lachlan Pettit , Kellie Leigh

Effective conservation under climate change requires an understanding of species responses to thermal variation, and landscape features that confer resilience. Forest ecosystems can buffer climate extremes by maintaining microclimates that may act as refugia, yet the role of microclimates in animal habitat selection remains under-studied. Arboreal species are relatively exposed to wind and solar radiation and their habitat preferences under different seasonal conditions can offer insights to inform conservation priorities under global change. Habitat selection studies often use measures like landform, that are derived from topography alone and do not capture the more complex characteristics of microclimates. To assess if microclimates provided a better explanation of habitat selection, we first characterised them using hydrological features and measured their seasonal temperatures.

To assess the variables influencing seasonal habitat selection by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) we analysed GPS location data and tree use data from collared animals in two populations at different sites in NSW, Australia. We compared habitat models based on landform topography to models utilising Strahler-derived microclimates.

Results indicated that gully microclimates were important year-round. Koalas demonstrated seasonal shifts in preferences for aspect, elevation, and vegetation condition. During warm seasons, koalas selected higher elevations and west aspects, indicating use of convective cooling from prevailing winds. In cooler seasons, they preferred north aspects, suggesting use of radiant heat. Use of shelter trees increased during warm seasons at one site. These findings highlight the importance of conserving landscapes with heterogeneous terrain, and associated microrefugia, to ensure species resilience under climate change.

气候变化下有效的保护需要了解物种对热变化的反应，以及赋予恢复力的景观特征。森林生态系统可以通过维持作为避难所的小气候来缓冲极端气候，但小气候在动物栖息地选择中的作用仍未得到充分研究。树木物种相对暴露于风和太阳辐射，它们在不同季节条件下的栖息地偏好可以为全球变化下的保护优先事项提供见解。栖息地选择研究经常使用像地形这样的测量方法，这些方法仅来自地形，而不能捕捉到更复杂的小气候特征。为了评估小气候是否能更好地解释栖息地选择，我们首先利用水文特征对它们进行了表征，并测量了它们的季节温度。为了评估影响考拉（Phascolarctos cinereus）季节性栖息地选择的变量，我们分析了澳大利亚新南威尔士州不同地点的两个种群的GPS定位数据和树木使用数据。我们比较了基于地形地形的栖息地模型和利用斯特拉勒衍生的小气候的模型。结果表明，沟壑小气候全年都很重要。考拉对地形、海拔和植被条件的偏好表现出季节性变化。在温暖的季节，考拉选择高海拔和西边，这表明利用了盛行风的对流冷却。在较冷的季节，他们更喜欢朝北，这表明使用辐射热。在温暖的季节，一个地点的遮蔽树的使用增加了。这些发现强调了保护具有异质地形的景观和相关的微避难所的重要性，以确保物种在气候变化下的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Thinning promotes forest carbon stocks by optimizing tree growth and soil properties 间伐通过优化树木生长和土壤特性来促进森林碳储量

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123494

Zichun Wang , Zheyu Zhang , Jiaqi Zhou , Yaoxiang Li , Guangyu Wang

Forest thinning is a common silvicultural practice that influences the forest carbon dynamics. However, current research focused on a few thinning management variables and specific regions, and the drivers of carbon stock changes in thinned forests at the global scale remain unclear. Through a global meta-analysis of 197 studies comprising 821 pairs of thinning data, we comprehensively evaluated the effects of thinning on aboveground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS), and to identify the drivers of them. Thinning generally reduced AGC in the short term, but moderate intensities (20 %–35 %), especially combined with understory plant removal, accelerated AGC recovery. Stem-only harvesting (SOH) increased the recovery rate of AGC by 6.05 % compared with whole-tree harvesting (WTH). Strip thinning impeded AGC recovery due to edge effects. Thinning significantly enhanced SOCS by 3.53 %. However, thinning intensity was not the primary determinant, and the positive effects on SOCS gradually disappeared after 10 years. Moreover, fertilization, pruning, and understory plant removal all contributed to further increased SOCS in thinned forests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that AGC was driven by thinning intensity and recovery time, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree height were main direct determinants. SOCS was indirectly enhanced by increases in soil total nitrogen (TN), whereas it was negatively influenced by diameter at breast height (DBH) growth driven by recovery time. Overall, our findings emphasize the critical role of appropriate thinning practices in facilitating carbon stock recovery, while also elucidating the driving mechanisms of tree growth and soil properties on carbon dynamics in thinned forests.

森林间伐是一种常见的影响森林碳动态的造林做法。然而，目前的研究主要集中在几个间伐管理变量和特定区域，全球尺度上的间伐森林碳储量变化的驱动因素尚不清楚。通过对197项研究的821对间伐数据进行荟萃分析，综合评价了间伐对地上碳（AGC）和土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）的影响，并确定了其驱动因素。间伐通常在短期内降低AGC，但中等强度（20 % -35 %），特别是与林下植物去除相结合，加速AGC恢复。与全树采伐（WTH）相比，单茎采伐（SOH）可使AGC回收率提高6.05 %。由于边缘效应，条带变薄阻碍了AGC的恢复。减薄显著提高SOCS 3.53 %。然而，减薄强度不是主要决定因素，10年后对SOCS的积极影响逐渐消失。此外，施肥、修剪和砍伐林下植物都对疏林SOCS的进一步增加有贡献。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，AGC受间伐强度和恢复时间驱动，土壤有机碳（SOC）和树高是主要的直接决定因素。土壤全氮（TN）的增加间接促进了SOCS的提高，而胸径（DBH）生长在恢复时间的驱动下对SOCS有负向影响。总体而言，我们的研究结果强调了适当的间伐措施在促进碳储量恢复中的关键作用，同时也阐明了树木生长和土壤性质对间伐森林碳动态的驱动机制。

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引用次数: 0

Pawpaw proliferation: Significant increases in the pawpaw tree (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) across the eastern United States in the early 21st century 木瓜增殖：在木瓜树（Asimina triloba）中显著增加。杜纳尔（Dunal）)在21世纪初横扫美国东部

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123500

Stephen J. Tulowiecki

The pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) is an understory tree with diverse ecological functions and potential as a horticultural product. Due to toxicity in its leaves and bark that make it unpalatable to deer, it thrives in forests where browsing decreases other tree species, and where its ability to attenuate light suppresses other seedlings. However, its future under climate change remains unclear, as change may have opposing influences upon its success. This study examined early 21st-century trends in pawpaw abundance, dominance, and frequency in the eastern US. Utilizing the Forest Inventory and Analysis database, this study characterized trends across eight metrics for the entire eastern US, within EPA-defined ecoregions, and within select states. The study found that pawpaw was significantly increasing (often p < 0.001) across most metrics, within most ecoregions, and within states examined. For instance, estimates from 2010 to 2021 for pawpaw seedlings (i.e., <2.54 cm DBH) increased from 60.7 (±4.3) to 74.5 (±4.7) stems ha⁻¹ of forestland, and trees increased from 3.6 (±0.5) to 4.6 (±0.6) stems ha⁻¹ of forestland, within a region covering 30 states. Increases were greater in some ecoregions, and occurred in many ecoregions where pawpaw was most common. The tree comprised an increasingly higher percentage of total stems and basal area. Overall, pawpaw is increasing at a continental scale likely from the combined effects of preferential deer browsing, pests or pathogens afflicting neighboring tree species, fire suppression, and a warming climate. Landowners and managers should weigh the pros and cons of pawpaw expansion.

木瓜（Asimina triloba） [L.]杜鹃（Dunal）是一种具有多种生态功能和潜在园艺产品的林下乔木。由于其叶子和树皮的毒性使鹿无法食用，它在森林中茁壮成长，在森林中，其他树种的觅食减少，并且其减弱光线的能力抑制了其他幼苗。然而，它在气候变化下的未来仍不明朗，因为变化可能对其成功产生相反的影响。这项研究调查了21世纪初美国东部木瓜数量、优势和频率的趋势。利用森林清查和分析数据库，本研究描述了整个美国东部、epa定义的生态区域和选定州的八个指标的趋势。研究发现，在大多数指标中，在大多数生态区域和被检查的州内，木瓜的产量显著增加（通常为p <； 0.001）。例如，在覆盖30个州的区域内，从2010年到2021年，对pawpaw幼苗（即<；2.54 cm DBH）的估算从60.7（±4.3）增加到74.5（±4.7）茎公顷- 1林地，树木从3.6（±0.5）增加到4.6（±0.6）茎公顷- 1林地。在一些生态区域的增幅更大，在木瓜最常见的许多生态区域也出现了这种情况。树木占总茎和基面积的比例越来越高。总的来说，木瓜在大陆范围内的数量正在增加，这可能是由于鹿的优先觅食、害虫或病原体影响邻近树种、灭火和气候变暖的综合影响。土地所有者和管理者应该权衡木瓜种植的利弊。

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引用次数: 0

Invasion of fleshy-fruited plants alter patterns of native seedling recruitment in a temperate forest of Patagonia 巴塔哥尼亚温带森林中肉质果实植物的入侵改变了本地幼苗的招募模式

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123499

Valeria L. Martin-Albarracin , Matthias Schleuning , Jörg Albrecht , Guillermo C. Amico

Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Invasive fleshy-fruited plants can alter seed dispersal interactions, however the implications for the natural regeneration of native fleshy fruited plants are not well understood. In this study conducted in the temperate forest of Patagonia, we evaluated (1) differences in seed rain and seedling recruitment between sites with different degrees of invasion of fleshy-fruited plants; (2) how seed rain determines seedling recruitment at the level of the plant community; and (3) how invasion alters the native seedling recruitment process. For this, we selected 10 study sites; five invaded and five uninvaded by fleshy-fruited plants, establishing one 100 × 30 m² plot per site. We estimated density and crop size per plant species, seed rain and seedling recruitment. We collected 1857 seeds and recorded 377 seedlings of fleshy-fruited plants across all sites, consisting of 10 native and 6 non-native species. The total number of seedlings was similar between invaded and uninvaded sites, but seed rain and species richness was higher in invaded sites. There was a positive relationship between seed rain and seedling recruitment. Plant invasion had not direct effect on seed rain or seedling recruitment, however, seed rain and seedling recruitment of native species became decoupled in invaded sites. This study shows that the invasive species studied not only spread in the native forest but also reduce the recruitment of native fleshy-fruited plants with which they share seed dispersers. Therefore, controlling exotic species is critical for native forest regeneration.

生物入侵是生物多样性和生态系统功能的主要威胁之一。入侵肉质果植物可以改变种子传播的相互作用，但对本地肉质果植物自然再生的影响尚不清楚。本研究以巴塔哥尼亚温带森林为研究对象，评估了(1)肉果植物入侵程度不同的地点在种子雨和幼苗招募方面的差异；(2)种子雨如何在植物群落水平上决定幼苗的补充；(3)入侵如何改变本地幼苗的招募过程。为此，我们选择了10个研究地点；5个肉质果植物入侵和5个未入侵，每个站点建立一个100 × 30 m2的地块。我们估计了密度和每一种植物的作物大小、种子雨和幼苗招募。我们在所有站点收集了1857个种子，记录了377个肉果植物幼苗，其中包括10个本地物种和6个非本地物种。入侵地与非入侵地的幼苗总数相似，但入侵地的种子雨量和物种丰富度更高。种子雨与苗期招募呈显著正相关。植物入侵对种子雨和补苗没有直接影响，但在入侵地，本地物种的种子雨和补苗出现了解耦现象。研究表明，入侵物种不仅在原生林中蔓延，而且减少了与它们共享种子传播器的本地肉果植物的招募。因此，控制外来物种对原生森林的更新至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Savanna restoration on the Cumberland Plateau impacts whole-ecosystem carbon storage and increases biodiversity 坎伯兰高原稀树草原恢复影响了整个生态系统的碳储量，增加了生物多样性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123489

Tamara F. Milton , Heather D. Alexander , Craig A. Harper , Maya M. Lapp , Nathan Wilhite

Across the central and eastern U.S., fire-maintained oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) savannas are transitioning to closed-canopy forests because of fire exclusion and land-use change, prompting restoration efforts using low-intensity prescribed fire. Although restoring and maintaining open ecosystems with fire can increase plant diversity and improve wildlife habitat, there are largely unknown consequences for overall ecosystem carbon (C) balance, especially in relation to fire regime (frequency/seasonality). We investigated ecosystem C and plant biodiversity response to 14 years of savanna restoration treatments (early vs. late growing season fire at 1-, 2-, or 3-year frequency) compared to an unmanaged, closed-canopy forest and early-successional old-field on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee, USA. Because of greater tree biomass, the closed-canopy forest stored 2–3 times more total C (226.6 Mg ha⁻¹) than the restored savanna (78.6–111.5 Mg ha⁻¹) and old-field (86.2 Mg ha⁻¹). However, the savanna stored as much or more C in protected (e.g., fine roots/mineral soils) and quickly recovering (e.g., understory vegetation) pools than the closed-canopy forest. Within the restored savanna, early growing season fires led to more total C (98.9 Mg ha⁻¹) than those conducted later in the growing season (86.3 Mg ha⁻¹), largely as a result of elevated fine root and mineral soil C. Plant diversity was greatest in the savanna regardless of fire regime. We documented a trade-off between total C storage and biodiversity in closed vs. open ecosystem states and increased C pools when burning earlier in the growing season. Overall, savanna restoration may increase plant biodiversity while promoting long-term C storage in protected and resilient pools.

在美国中部和东部，由于火灾的排除和土地利用的变化，用火维持的橡树（栎属）和松树（松属）稀树草原正在过渡到封闭的冠层森林，这促使了使用低强度规定火灾的恢复工作。尽管通过火灾恢复和维持开放生态系统可以增加植物多样性并改善野生动物栖息地，但对整个生态系统碳(C)平衡的影响在很大程度上是未知的，特别是与火灾制度（频率/季节性）有关。在美国田纳西州坎伯兰高原，研究了14年热带稀树草原恢复处理（1年、2年或3年频率的生长期早期和后期火灾）对生态系统C和植物多样性的响应，并与未管理的封闭冠层森林和早期演替旧田进行了比较。由于树木生物量更大，封闭林冠森林的总碳储量（226.6 Mg ha−1）是恢复草原（78.6 ~ 111.5 Mg ha−1）和原野（86.2 Mg ha−1）的2 ~ 3倍。然而，稀树草原在受保护的（如细根/矿质土壤）和迅速恢复的（如下层植被）池中储存的碳与封闭冠层森林一样多或更多。在恢复的热带稀树草原中，生长季早期火灾导致的总碳含量（98.9 Mg ha−1）高于生长季后期（86.3 Mg ha−1），这主要是由于细根和矿质土壤碳含量升高。我们记录了在封闭和开放生态系统状态下总碳储量和生物多样性之间的权衡，以及在生长季节早期燃烧时增加的碳库。总体而言，热带稀树草原恢复可以增加植物生物多样性，同时促进受保护和弹性池中的长期碳储存。

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Tree growth response to growing season frost and drought is shaped by species traits and competition in temperate-boreal transition zone forests 温带-寒带过渡带树木生长对生长季霜冻和干旱的响应受物种特征和竞争的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123493

Josh Beisel , Colin T. Maher , Justin S. Crotteau , Andrew J. Larson

Understanding how species-specific traits and density-dependent competition modulate the effects of extreme climate events is essential for informing future forest management strategies. We analyzed the radial growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) trees growing in unmanaged old-growth stands — and western larch grown at two experimentally controlled densities — at four sites across western Montana, USA. Differences in leaf habit (deciduous vs. evergreen) and divergent water use strategies (anisohydric vs. isohydric) of western larch and Douglas-fir provided a model for linking growth–climate relationships to functional traits. We evaluated resistance, resilience, and recovery of basal area growth to drought and growing season frosts between (a) species and (b) experimental stand densities. Western larch growth exhibited a negative relationship with previous autumn frost (October freezing degree days; FDD), while Douglas-fir showed no response. Radial growth response to spring frost (May-June FDD) was negative for both species, with western larch exhibiting greater sensitivity. Both species showed reduced growth in years following drought conditions (previous July-August Palmer Drought Severity Index; PDSI), while only Douglas-fir was sensitive to contemporaneous July-August PDSI. Growth of larch trees in low-density stands was more resistant and resilient to previous summer drought and spring frost than that of trees in high-density stands. Furthermore, observations of greater soil volumetric water content in low-density stands provide a mechanistic link for drought responses. However, growth response to autumn frost was density independent. Our results suggest that early thinning has the potential to limit the negative impacts of summer drought and spring frost in sensitive species, and that species-specific physiological traits can drive divergent growth responses to extreme climate events.

了解物种特异性特征和密度依赖性竞争如何调节极端气候事件的影响，对于为未来的森林管理策略提供信息至关重要。本文分析了美国蒙大拿州西部四个地点的西部落叶松（Larix occidentalis）和道格拉斯冷杉（Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca）在未管理的原生林中生长的径向生长，以及在两个实验控制密度下生长的西部落叶松。西部落叶松和道格拉斯冷杉的叶习性差异（落叶与常绿）和不同的水分利用策略（各向异性与等水）为将生长-气候关系与功能性状联系起来提供了一个模型。我们在(a)种密度和(b)实验林分密度之间评估了基区生长对干旱和生长季节霜冻的抗性、恢复力和恢复情况。西部落叶松生长与秋季霜冻（10月霜冻日数；FDD）呈负相关，而道格拉斯冷杉生长则无响应。两种落叶松对春霜（5 - 6月FDD）的径向生长响应均为负，其中西部落叶松对春霜的敏感性更高。两种树种在干旱后的年份（先前的7 - 8月Palmer干旱严重指数；PDSI）均表现出生长下降，而只有道格拉斯冷杉对同期的7 - 8月PDSI敏感。低密度林分的落叶松生长对以往夏季干旱和春季霜冻的抗性和抗逆性优于高密度林分。此外，低密度林分土壤体积含水量较高的观测结果为干旱响应提供了机制联系。但生长对秋霜的响应与密度无关。我们的研究结果表明，早期间伐有可能限制敏感物种夏季干旱和春季霜冻的负面影响，并且物种特定的生理性状可以驱动极端气候事件的不同生长响应。

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引用次数: 0