Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第7页

Thinking outside the bog: Planting dwarf birch (Betula nana) for mountain woodland restoration beyond habitat refugia constrained by overgrazing 沼泽之外的思考：种植矮桦树（Betula nana）用于过度放牧限制的栖息地避难所之外的山地林地恢复

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123430

Sarah H. Watts , Andrew Warwick , Kirsty J. Park , Nadia Barsoum , Alistair S. Jump

The contemporary distribution of threatened species may not be in equilibrium with their full ecological niche. Understanding range contraction due to anthropogenic land-use pressures will reduce bias in management aimed at expanding present-day forests. Many mountain woodlands currently occur as fragments, with uncertainty regarding their optimal distribution and restoration potential, particularly in landscapes shaped by large herbivore management. Our high-altitude planting experiment replicated at three sites in Scotland investigates the influence of browsing on the extent and condition of mountain woodland. Planting of dwarf birch (Betula nana) in three different habitats monitored for up to six consecutive years tested whether this upland tree species may currently be confined to blanket bog because of historical and contemporary overgrazing. At red deer (Cervus elaphus) densities managed at 3–6 per km², browsing of planted B. nana and mortality linked to browsing were much greater in grass and heath vegetation than in blanket bog. In contrast, survival was similar for all three habitats when large herbivores were excluded, while growth outputs were not more productive in blanket bog at any of the three sites, and at one location interannual growth was significantly greater in the grass and heath. Therefore, blanket bog is not more favourable for B. nana establishment in Scotland compared to potential alternatives based on distributions elsewhere in northern Europe, and may instead represent a refugium where relict populations escape overgrazing. Our results suggest that active management to reduce deer densities to approximately 3 per km² or below is currently pivotal for mountain woodland restoration outside of such refugial sites in Scotland. This research illustrates the value of a “thinking outside the box” approach in applied forest ecology whereby restoration management moves beyond simply reproducing the features of constrained present-day fragments and accounts for land-use legacies while addressing the original causes of habitat loss at scale.

受威胁物种的当代分布可能与其完整的生态位不处于平衡状态。了解由于人为的土地利用压力造成的范围缩小将减少旨在扩大现有森林的管理的偏见。目前，许多山地林地以碎片形式出现，其最佳分布和恢复潜力尚不确定，特别是在大型食草动物管理形成的景观中。我们在苏格兰的三个地点复制了高海拔种植实验，调查了浏览对山地林地范围和状况的影响。在三个不同的栖息地种植矮桦树（Betula nana），连续监测长达六年，以测试这种高地树种是否由于历史和当代的过度放牧而被限制在毯子沼泽中。当马鹿（Cervus elaphus）的密度控制在每平方公里3-6只时，草甸和荒原植被中马鹿的取食和与取食相关的死亡率远高于毯状沼泽。相比之下，当排除大型食草动物时，这三个栖息地的存活率相似，而在三个地点的任何一个地点，毯状沼泽的生长产出都不高，而且在一个地点，草地和荒地的年际生长明显更大。因此，与北欧其他地区分布的潜在替代品相比，毯状沼泽并不更有利于苏格兰的白毛藻的建立，相反，它可能代表了一个避难所，在那里残存的种群逃脱了过度放牧。我们的研究结果表明，积极管理将鹿密度降低到每平方公里约3只或以下是目前苏格兰这些保护区以外山地林地恢复的关键。这项研究说明了在应用森林生态学中“跳出框框思考”方法的价值，即恢复管理超越了简单地再现受限制的当前碎片的特征，并在解决大规模栖息地丧失的原始原因的同时解释了土地利用遗产。

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引用次数: 0

Tree growth response to growing season frost and drought is shaped by species traits and competition in temperate-boreal transition zone forests 温带-寒带过渡带树木生长对生长季霜冻和干旱的响应受物种特征和竞争的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123493

Josh Beisel , Colin T. Maher , Justin S. Crotteau , Andrew J. Larson

Understanding how species-specific traits and density-dependent competition modulate the effects of extreme climate events is essential for informing future forest management strategies. We analyzed the radial growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) trees growing in unmanaged old-growth stands — and western larch grown at two experimentally controlled densities — at four sites across western Montana, USA. Differences in leaf habit (deciduous vs. evergreen) and divergent water use strategies (anisohydric vs. isohydric) of western larch and Douglas-fir provided a model for linking growth–climate relationships to functional traits. We evaluated resistance, resilience, and recovery of basal area growth to drought and growing season frosts between (a) species and (b) experimental stand densities. Western larch growth exhibited a negative relationship with previous autumn frost (October freezing degree days; FDD), while Douglas-fir showed no response. Radial growth response to spring frost (May-June FDD) was negative for both species, with western larch exhibiting greater sensitivity. Both species showed reduced growth in years following drought conditions (previous July-August Palmer Drought Severity Index; PDSI), while only Douglas-fir was sensitive to contemporaneous July-August PDSI. Growth of larch trees in low-density stands was more resistant and resilient to previous summer drought and spring frost than that of trees in high-density stands. Furthermore, observations of greater soil volumetric water content in low-density stands provide a mechanistic link for drought responses. However, growth response to autumn frost was density independent. Our results suggest that early thinning has the potential to limit the negative impacts of summer drought and spring frost in sensitive species, and that species-specific physiological traits can drive divergent growth responses to extreme climate events.

了解物种特异性特征和密度依赖性竞争如何调节极端气候事件的影响，对于为未来的森林管理策略提供信息至关重要。本文分析了美国蒙大拿州西部四个地点的西部落叶松（Larix occidentalis）和道格拉斯冷杉（Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca）在未管理的原生林中生长的径向生长，以及在两个实验控制密度下生长的西部落叶松。西部落叶松和道格拉斯冷杉的叶习性差异（落叶与常绿）和不同的水分利用策略（各向异性与等水）为将生长-气候关系与功能性状联系起来提供了一个模型。我们在(a)种密度和(b)实验林分密度之间评估了基区生长对干旱和生长季节霜冻的抗性、恢复力和恢复情况。西部落叶松生长与秋季霜冻（10月霜冻日数；FDD）呈负相关，而道格拉斯冷杉生长则无响应。两种落叶松对春霜（5 - 6月FDD）的径向生长响应均为负，其中西部落叶松对春霜的敏感性更高。两种树种在干旱后的年份（先前的7 - 8月Palmer干旱严重指数；PDSI）均表现出生长下降，而只有道格拉斯冷杉对同期的7 - 8月PDSI敏感。低密度林分的落叶松生长对以往夏季干旱和春季霜冻的抗性和抗逆性优于高密度林分。此外，低密度林分土壤体积含水量较高的观测结果为干旱响应提供了机制联系。但生长对秋霜的响应与密度无关。我们的研究结果表明，早期间伐有可能限制敏感物种夏季干旱和春季霜冻的负面影响，并且物种特定的生理性状可以驱动极端气候事件的不同生长响应。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of resin-tapping on growth, defences and reproduction of 40 yr-old maritime pines in NW-Spain 松脂对西班牙西北部40年海松生长、防御和繁殖的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123497

Rafael Zas , Adrián López-Villamor , Ana Cao , Roberto Touza, Luis Sampedro , Margarita Lema

Resin tapping in pine forests can provide multiple ecological and economic benefits. Extraction of resin from living trees implies, however, vast and periodical traumatisms that may have significant impacts on key vital functions such as growth, reproduction and resistance to biotic aggressors. These side effects of resin tapping need to be carefully assessed before fostering the activity, especially when proposed as a complementary exploitation of timber-oriented forests. Here, we studied traits related to growth (tree ring width), defences (resin ducts and chemical defences assessed in different tissues and relative positions in relation to the tapped wounded area), tree physiology (nutrient content, specific leaf area (SLA), relative water content (RWC), pigments) and reproduction (cone and seed size and yield) in resin-tapped and untapped control trees in two maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) forests in NW Spain, a region where pines occupy vast areas and are typically managed for timber purposes. Results indicated a strong and consistent local defensive response at the two sites with larger resin flow and greater content of non-volatile resin, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids in the phloem above the wounded area. Qualitative changes in the terpenoid profile of the produced resin were also evident. No significant effects of resin tapping were observed on radial growth or reproduction. However, local induction of chemical defences was accompanied by reductions in the concentration of some chemical compounds in top branches of the crown as well as a reduction in the concentration of nutrients in the needles. This suggests that the local defensive responses to resin tapping were not free of some physiological costs. A trend to impact growth as the successive resin campaigns accumulate also point in this direction. Altogether, results suggest that resin tapping has effects on tree physiology, but these effects were either positive or had little practical consequences for health, growth, and reproduction.

松林树脂采伐具有多种生态效益和经济效益。然而，从活树中提取树脂意味着巨大的、周期性的创伤，这可能对关键的重要功能，如生长、繁殖和对生物侵略者的抵抗力产生重大影响。在促进树脂采伐活动之前，需要仔细评估树脂采伐的这些副作用，特别是当提议作为木材导向森林的补充开发时。本研究以西班牙西北部两种海松（Pinus pinaster）森林为研究对象，研究了松材采伐和未采伐对照树的生长（树木年轮宽度）、防御（不同组织和相对位置的树脂管道和化学防御）、树木生理（养分含量、比叶面积（SLA）、相对含水量（RWC）、色素）和繁殖（球果、种子大小和产量）等相关性状。松树林松树占据大片区域的地区，通常以木材为目的进行管理。结果表明，两个部位的局部防御反应强烈且一致，受伤部位上方韧皮部的树脂流量较大，非挥发性树脂、酚类物质、单宁和黄酮类物质含量较高。所制树脂萜类化合物的性质变化也很明显。树脂攻丝对幼苗径向生长和繁殖无显著影响。然而，化学防御的局部诱导伴随着树冠顶部分支中某些化合物浓度的降低以及针叶中营养物质浓度的降低。这表明，对树脂攻丝的局部防御反应并非没有一些生理代价。随着连续的树脂运动积累，影响增长的趋势也指向这个方向。总之，研究结果表明，采树脂对树木的生理有影响，但这些影响要么是积极的，要么对健康、生长和繁殖没有什么实际影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of target diameter cutting on oak recruitment in a multilayered mixed conifer-broadleaved stand in southern Sweden 目标直径切割对瑞典南部多层针叶林-阔叶混交林栎树补充的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123519

Kyaw Thu Moe , Nora S. Pohl , Jorge Aldea , Magnus Löf

Managing multi-layered forest stands is increasingly promoted as a strategic adaptation measure to climate change. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) are ecologically and economically important species and considered important components of future forest management. However, forest management is challenged by the unsuccessful recruitment of oak, particularly under selective cutting systems, due to the species’ relatively high light requirements. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of different selective cutting treatments on oak recruitment in multi-layered mixed stands over 16 years in southern Sweden. We studied the individual tree diameter growth, height growth, and transition of oak recruits into higher canopy positions. All target diameter cutting treatments significantly promoted the individual tree diameter growth of oak recruits, compared to the control. Observed height growth was lower in target diameter cutting treatments. However, target diameter cutting treatments increased the transitions of oak recruits into higher canopy positions. The higher diameter growth and canopy class transitions into higher classes are achieved by the treatment that removed more Norway spruce trees. Therefore, to promote the advancement of oak recruits into higher canopy positions, target diameter cutting could be an appropriate management alternative if it is sufficiently strong and is focused on removing the most competitive tree species.

多层林分管理作为一项适应气候变化的战略措施越来越受到重视。有梗栎（Quercus robur L.）和无梗栎（Q. petaea (Matt.)）)是生态和经济上重要的物种，被认为是未来森林管理的重要组成部分。然而，由于该物种对光照的要求相对较高，森林管理受到橡木招募不成功的挑战，特别是在选择性采伐制度下。在这项研究中，我们研究了不同的选择性砍伐处理对瑞典南部多层混合林分的橡树招募的长期影响。我们研究了栎树的单株直径生长、高度生长和向更高树冠位置的过渡。与对照相比，所有目标直径切割处理均显著促进了新生栎树单株直径的生长。在目标直径切割处理中，观察到的高度生长较低。然而，目标直径切割处理增加了栎树新生向更高树冠位置的过渡。除去更多挪威云杉的处理，实现了更高的直径生长和冠层等级向更高等级的过渡。因此，为了促进橡树向更高的树冠位置发展，如果目标直径切割足够强，并且专注于去除最具竞争力的树种，则可能是一种合适的管理选择。

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引用次数: 0

Ecohydrological mechanisms of river runoff destabilization following the conversion from long-rotation to short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations 长轮作向短轮作桉树人工林转变后河流径流不稳定的生态水文机制

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123483

Lisha Li , Xiaolin Su , Gairen Yang , Yusong Deng , Zhifeng Xie , Yuhan Huang , Guijin Chen , Jingrui Yu , Mingxia Yang

The global trend toward younger and structurally simplified plantations, driven by shortened rotation cycles, is becoming increasingly evident. The replacement of long-rotation native pure plantations and conifer-broadleaf mixed forests with short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations may significantly disturb regional water cycles through intensive management practices. To address the limitation of conventional methods in distinguishing the individual contributions of soil evaporation and plant transpiration to evapotranspiration, which constrains a precise understanding of the mechanisms behind such hydrological disturbances, this study achieved accurate measurement and effective separation of soil evaporation from total forest evapotranspiration. Based on 5.5 years of continuous field monitoring in Eucalyptus plantations (EU) and native mixed forests (MF) in Guangxi, China, we systematically investigated the relationships and trade-offs between key hydrological processes—such as evapotranspiration and canopy interception—and streamflow following forest conversion. Results showed that canopy rainfall interception and soil evaporation were 29.5 % lower and 62.7 % higher, respectively, in EU compared to MF. Although total streamflow during the short rotation period did not change significantly, its interannual and seasonal distribution became more unbalanced, with the number of zero-flow months increasing by 2.5 times relative to MF. The youthfulness and simplified structure of EU enhanced topsoil evaporation and reduced deep water infiltration, resulting in a “profligate-thirst” effect in the surface soil that consequently weakened the forest’s function as an underground reservoir and undermined streamflow stability. Management strategies such as no-burning during establishment, strip-interval weeding, extended rotation periods, and mosaic distribution of different-aged stands within catchments can effectively mitigate these issues.

在轮作周期缩短的推动下，全球趋向于年轻化和结构简化的人工林的趋势日益明显。以短轮作桉树人工林取代长轮作的原生纯人工林和针叶阔叶混交林，通过集约化管理，可能会显著扰乱区域水循环。为了解决传统方法在区分土壤蒸发量和植物蒸发量对蒸散发的个体贡献方面的局限性，限制了对这类水文扰动背后机制的精确理解，本研究实现了土壤蒸发量与森林总蒸散发的精确测量和有效分离。基于对广西桉树人工林（EU）和原生混交林（MF） 5.5年的连续野外监测，我们系统地研究了森林转换后关键水文过程（如蒸散发和冠层截留）与河流流量之间的关系和权衡。结果表明，与MF相比，欧盟林冠截留量和土壤蒸发量分别减少29.5% %和62.7 %。虽然短轮动期的总流量变化不明显，但年际和季节分布的不平衡程度有所提高，零流量月数相对于平均日数增加了2.5倍。欧盟的年轻化和简化结构增加了表层土壤蒸发，减少了深层水分入渗，导致表层土壤出现“挥霍-干渴”效应，从而削弱了森林的地下水库功能，破坏了河流的稳定性。管理策略，如在建立期间不燃烧，带状间隔除草，延长轮作周期，以及在集水区内不同年龄的林分镶嵌分布可以有效地缓解这些问题。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal habitat selection in an arboreal mammal identifies landscape characteristics that improve species resilience under climate change 一种树栖哺乳动物的季节性栖息地选择识别了在气候变化下提高物种适应能力的景观特征

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123480

Stefanie Bonat , Megan S. Sparrow , Lachlan Pettit , Kellie Leigh

Effective conservation under climate change requires an understanding of species responses to thermal variation, and landscape features that confer resilience. Forest ecosystems can buffer climate extremes by maintaining microclimates that may act as refugia, yet the role of microclimates in animal habitat selection remains under-studied. Arboreal species are relatively exposed to wind and solar radiation and their habitat preferences under different seasonal conditions can offer insights to inform conservation priorities under global change. Habitat selection studies often use measures like landform, that are derived from topography alone and do not capture the more complex characteristics of microclimates. To assess if microclimates provided a better explanation of habitat selection, we first characterised them using hydrological features and measured their seasonal temperatures.

To assess the variables influencing seasonal habitat selection by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) we analysed GPS location data and tree use data from collared animals in two populations at different sites in NSW, Australia. We compared habitat models based on landform topography to models utilising Strahler-derived microclimates.

Results indicated that gully microclimates were important year-round. Koalas demonstrated seasonal shifts in preferences for aspect, elevation, and vegetation condition. During warm seasons, koalas selected higher elevations and west aspects, indicating use of convective cooling from prevailing winds. In cooler seasons, they preferred north aspects, suggesting use of radiant heat. Use of shelter trees increased during warm seasons at one site. These findings highlight the importance of conserving landscapes with heterogeneous terrain, and associated microrefugia, to ensure species resilience under climate change.

气候变化下有效的保护需要了解物种对热变化的反应，以及赋予恢复力的景观特征。森林生态系统可以通过维持作为避难所的小气候来缓冲极端气候，但小气候在动物栖息地选择中的作用仍未得到充分研究。树木物种相对暴露于风和太阳辐射，它们在不同季节条件下的栖息地偏好可以为全球变化下的保护优先事项提供见解。栖息地选择研究经常使用像地形这样的测量方法，这些方法仅来自地形，而不能捕捉到更复杂的小气候特征。为了评估小气候是否能更好地解释栖息地选择，我们首先利用水文特征对它们进行了表征，并测量了它们的季节温度。为了评估影响考拉（Phascolarctos cinereus）季节性栖息地选择的变量，我们分析了澳大利亚新南威尔士州不同地点的两个种群的GPS定位数据和树木使用数据。我们比较了基于地形地形的栖息地模型和利用斯特拉勒衍生的小气候的模型。结果表明，沟壑小气候全年都很重要。考拉对地形、海拔和植被条件的偏好表现出季节性变化。在温暖的季节，考拉选择高海拔和西边，这表明利用了盛行风的对流冷却。在较冷的季节，他们更喜欢朝北，这表明使用辐射热。在温暖的季节，一个地点的遮蔽树的使用增加了。这些发现强调了保护具有异质地形的景观和相关的微避难所的重要性，以确保物种在气候变化下的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Pawpaw proliferation: Significant increases in the pawpaw tree (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) across the eastern United States in the early 21st century 木瓜增殖：在木瓜树（Asimina triloba）中显著增加。杜纳尔（Dunal）)在21世纪初横扫美国东部

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123500

Stephen J. Tulowiecki

The pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) is an understory tree with diverse ecological functions and potential as a horticultural product. Due to toxicity in its leaves and bark that make it unpalatable to deer, it thrives in forests where browsing decreases other tree species, and where its ability to attenuate light suppresses other seedlings. However, its future under climate change remains unclear, as change may have opposing influences upon its success. This study examined early 21st-century trends in pawpaw abundance, dominance, and frequency in the eastern US. Utilizing the Forest Inventory and Analysis database, this study characterized trends across eight metrics for the entire eastern US, within EPA-defined ecoregions, and within select states. The study found that pawpaw was significantly increasing (often p < 0.001) across most metrics, within most ecoregions, and within states examined. For instance, estimates from 2010 to 2021 for pawpaw seedlings (i.e., <2.54 cm DBH) increased from 60.7 (±4.3) to 74.5 (±4.7) stems ha⁻¹ of forestland, and trees increased from 3.6 (±0.5) to 4.6 (±0.6) stems ha⁻¹ of forestland, within a region covering 30 states. Increases were greater in some ecoregions, and occurred in many ecoregions where pawpaw was most common. The tree comprised an increasingly higher percentage of total stems and basal area. Overall, pawpaw is increasing at a continental scale likely from the combined effects of preferential deer browsing, pests or pathogens afflicting neighboring tree species, fire suppression, and a warming climate. Landowners and managers should weigh the pros and cons of pawpaw expansion.

木瓜（Asimina triloba） [L.]杜鹃（Dunal）是一种具有多种生态功能和潜在园艺产品的林下乔木。由于其叶子和树皮的毒性使鹿无法食用，它在森林中茁壮成长，在森林中，其他树种的觅食减少，并且其减弱光线的能力抑制了其他幼苗。然而，它在气候变化下的未来仍不明朗，因为变化可能对其成功产生相反的影响。这项研究调查了21世纪初美国东部木瓜数量、优势和频率的趋势。利用森林清查和分析数据库，本研究描述了整个美国东部、epa定义的生态区域和选定州的八个指标的趋势。研究发现，在大多数指标中，在大多数生态区域和被检查的州内，木瓜的产量显著增加（通常为p <； 0.001）。例如，在覆盖30个州的区域内，从2010年到2021年，对pawpaw幼苗（即<；2.54 cm DBH）的估算从60.7（±4.3）增加到74.5（±4.7）茎公顷- 1林地，树木从3.6（±0.5）增加到4.6（±0.6）茎公顷- 1林地。在一些生态区域的增幅更大，在木瓜最常见的许多生态区域也出现了这种情况。树木占总茎和基面积的比例越来越高。总的来说，木瓜在大陆范围内的数量正在增加，这可能是由于鹿的优先觅食、害虫或病原体影响邻近树种、灭火和气候变暖的综合影响。土地所有者和管理者应该权衡木瓜种植的利弊。

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引用次数: 0

Thinning promotes forest carbon stocks by optimizing tree growth and soil properties 间伐通过优化树木生长和土壤特性来促进森林碳储量

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123494

Zichun Wang , Zheyu Zhang , Jiaqi Zhou , Yaoxiang Li , Guangyu Wang

Forest thinning is a common silvicultural practice that influences the forest carbon dynamics. However, current research focused on a few thinning management variables and specific regions, and the drivers of carbon stock changes in thinned forests at the global scale remain unclear. Through a global meta-analysis of 197 studies comprising 821 pairs of thinning data, we comprehensively evaluated the effects of thinning on aboveground carbon (AGC) and soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS), and to identify the drivers of them. Thinning generally reduced AGC in the short term, but moderate intensities (20 %–35 %), especially combined with understory plant removal, accelerated AGC recovery. Stem-only harvesting (SOH) increased the recovery rate of AGC by 6.05 % compared with whole-tree harvesting (WTH). Strip thinning impeded AGC recovery due to edge effects. Thinning significantly enhanced SOCS by 3.53 %. However, thinning intensity was not the primary determinant, and the positive effects on SOCS gradually disappeared after 10 years. Moreover, fertilization, pruning, and understory plant removal all contributed to further increased SOCS in thinned forests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that AGC was driven by thinning intensity and recovery time, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree height were main direct determinants. SOCS was indirectly enhanced by increases in soil total nitrogen (TN), whereas it was negatively influenced by diameter at breast height (DBH) growth driven by recovery time. Overall, our findings emphasize the critical role of appropriate thinning practices in facilitating carbon stock recovery, while also elucidating the driving mechanisms of tree growth and soil properties on carbon dynamics in thinned forests.

森林间伐是一种常见的影响森林碳动态的造林做法。然而，目前的研究主要集中在几个间伐管理变量和特定区域，全球尺度上的间伐森林碳储量变化的驱动因素尚不清楚。通过对197项研究的821对间伐数据进行荟萃分析，综合评价了间伐对地上碳（AGC）和土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）的影响，并确定了其驱动因素。间伐通常在短期内降低AGC，但中等强度（20 % -35 %），特别是与林下植物去除相结合，加速AGC恢复。与全树采伐（WTH）相比，单茎采伐（SOH）可使AGC回收率提高6.05 %。由于边缘效应，条带变薄阻碍了AGC的恢复。减薄显著提高SOCS 3.53 %。然而，减薄强度不是主要决定因素，10年后对SOCS的积极影响逐渐消失。此外，施肥、修剪和砍伐林下植物都对疏林SOCS的进一步增加有贡献。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，AGC受间伐强度和恢复时间驱动，土壤有机碳（SOC）和树高是主要的直接决定因素。土壤全氮（TN）的增加间接促进了SOCS的提高，而胸径（DBH）生长在恢复时间的驱动下对SOCS有负向影响。总体而言，我们的研究结果强调了适当的间伐措施在促进碳储量恢复中的关键作用，同时也阐明了树木生长和土壤性质对间伐森林碳动态的驱动机制。

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引用次数: 0

Towards a more resilient restoration: Assessing leaf and branch tolerance to low temperatures in native and exotic species used in seasonal forest restoration 迈向更有弹性的恢复：评估用于季节性森林恢复的本地和外来物种的叶片和树枝对低温的耐受性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123492

Daniela Ofélia Antonioli , Davi Rodrigo Rossatto

Forest ecosystems can be exposed to extreme temperature events related to climatic change. Such events includes frost in seasonal forests, which can directly threaten plant survival because of top kill caused by low temperatures. This effect can threaten forest restoration projects, affecting the persistence of plants. This study aimed to analyze leaf and branch traits related to cold protection and to assess the leaf thermotolerance to low temperatures in native and exotic species that are commonly used in reforestation areas in seasonal forest vegetation. Leaf and branch morphological traits were measured, and low-temperature exposure tests were conducted to evaluate the photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) - an indicator of damage caused by cold stress. The results showed that native and exotic species differed in some morphological traits, such as the degree of bud protection, branch bark thickness, and relative water content, indicating that native species were more protected to cold in relation to exotic species. When subjected to –5°C, most native species maintained stable photosynthetic activity, while more than half of the exotic species exhibited significant impairment and damage. These findings suggest that native species generally possess more effective cold protection mechanisms. Overall, morphological and physiological differences exist between native and exotic species, particularly regarding their response to freezing stress. Understanding these differences is crucial for improving the resilience and success of reforestation and conservation efforts under changing climatic conditions.

森林生态系统可能受到与气候变化有关的极端温度事件的影响。这类事件包括季节性森林的霜冻，由于低温造成的顶部死亡，霜冻可以直接威胁植物的生存。这种影响会威胁到森林恢复项目，影响植物的持久性。本研究旨在分析季节性森林植被中常见的本地和外来树种的叶片和分支与防寒相关的性状，并评估其对低温的耐热性。测定叶片和枝条的形态特征，并进行低温暴露试验，评估光系统II的光化学量子产率（Fv/Fm）——冷胁迫损害的指标。结果表明，本地种与外来种在芽保护程度、枝皮厚度、相对含水量等形态特征上存在差异，表明本地种对低温的保护强于外来种。在-5℃条件下，大多数本地种保持稳定的光合活性，而超过一半的外来种表现出明显的损伤和损害。这些发现表明，本地物种通常具有更有效的冷保护机制。总的来说，本地和外来物种之间存在形态和生理上的差异，特别是在它们对冰冻胁迫的反应方面。了解这些差异对于在不断变化的气候条件下提高重新造林和保护工作的恢复力和成功至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Land surface temperature and microclimate effects on biomass components in temperate coppice-originated oak forests 地表温度和小气候对温带乔木栎林生物量组成的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123502

Emrah Ozdemir , Ender Makineci , Tufan Demirel , Ersel Yilmaz , Serhun Saglam , Gafura Aylak Ozdemir

Coppice-originated oak forests constitute vital carbon reservoirs in temperate regions, yet the fine-scale relationships between thermal microclimate, stand structure, and biomass dynamics remain poorly understood. This study integrates thermal remote sensing with forest inventory approaches to investigate spatial variations in biomass components (foliage, ground cover and organic soil) alongland surface temperature (LST) gradients in coppice-originated oak forests of northwestern Türkiye. LST was mapped using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery, and relationships with biomass components were characterized using 244 sample plots. Cluster analysis identified two temperature classes (low: 23.7°C, high: 26.8°C), with cooler stands exhibiting greater structural development. The 3.1°C difference was associated with substantial biomass increases: 45 % in foliage, 33 % in ground cover, and 31 % in organic soil. Biomass components were predicted using multiple linear regression and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs demonstrated 32 % lower error rates for foliage prediction. Foliage biomass achieved the highest prediction accuracy (97 % explained variance), while ground cover showed poorest performance (39 % explained variance), likely reflecting high heterogeneity and fine-scale environmental drivers not captured by stand-level variables. LST functions as an integrative indicator of stand structural development, with cooler signatures reflecting greater canopy closure and maturity. The thermal buffering capacity of mature stands creates feedback mechanisms promoting sustained biomass accumulation and potentially enhancing climate resilience. These results support management strategies promoting forest maturation to optimize carbon storage and microclimate buffering.

在温带地区，源自灌木林的栎林构成了重要的碳库，但人们对热小气候、林分结构和生物量动态之间的精细关系仍知之甚少。本研究将热遥感与森林清查方法相结合，研究了青海西北栎林地生物量组分（叶、地被和有机土壤）随地表温度梯度的空间变化。利用Landsat 7 ETM+ 影像对地表温度进行制图，并利用244个样地对地表温度与生物量组分的关系进行表征。聚类分析确定了两个温度等级（低23.7°C，高26.8°C），温度越低的林分结构发育越明显。3.1°C差异与大量生物量增加相关：叶片生物量增加45% %，地被生物量增加33% %，有机土壤生物量增加31% %。采用多元线性回归和广义可加模型（GAMs）对生物量组分进行了预测。GAMs在叶片预测方面的错误率降低了32% %。叶片生物量的预测精度最高（97% %解释方差），而地表覆盖的预测精度最低（39% %解释方差），可能反映了高度异质性和未被林分水平变量捕获的精细尺度环境驱动因素。地表温度作为林分结构发展的综合指标，其较冷的特征反映了更大的林冠闭合和成熟度。成熟林分的热缓冲能力创造了促进持续生物量积累的反馈机制，并有可能增强气候适应能力。这些结果支持促进森林成熟的管理策略，以优化碳储存和小气候缓冲。

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引用次数: 0