Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122554
Rim Khlifa , Marie Renaudin , Daniel Houle , Loïc D’Orangeville , Louis Duchesne , Steven W. Kembel
With global warming, the frequency and intensity of drought episodes are projected to increase worldwide, especially in the boreal forest. This represents a serious threat to the boreal forest ecosystem’s productivity and environmental services. It is thus crucial to better understand how drought or water limitation could affect boreal forest ecosystems functioning, and to be prepared to overcome damage caused by drought events. Studies suggest that microbes may mitigate the negative effects of drought or water shortage on plants. However, most of these studies focused on soil microbes and on agricultural ecosystems. Here, we used a rainout shelters and soil irrigation experimental design to study the response to rain exclusion and soil water content of epiphytic phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with four boreal conifer tree species. Our results showed only a weak response of phyllosphere bacterial communities to variation in soil water content. On the other hand, host tree species identity and rain exclusion were the main drivers of epiphytic phyllosphere bacterial communities’ structure and diversity. This suggests that fewer rain events, in the context of climate change, would impact boreal trees phyllosphere microbiome composition.
{"title":"Conifer epiphytic phyllosphere bacterial communities respond more strongly to rain exclusion and host species identity than to soil water content","authors":"Rim Khlifa , Marie Renaudin , Daniel Houle , Loïc D’Orangeville , Louis Duchesne , Steven W. Kembel","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global warming, the frequency and intensity of drought episodes are projected to increase worldwide, especially in the boreal forest. This represents a serious threat to the boreal forest ecosystem’s productivity and environmental services. It is thus crucial to better understand how drought or water limitation could affect boreal forest ecosystems functioning, and to be prepared to overcome damage caused by drought events. Studies suggest that microbes may mitigate the negative effects of drought or water shortage on plants. However, most of these studies focused on soil microbes and on agricultural ecosystems. Here, we used a rainout shelters and soil irrigation experimental design to study the response to rain exclusion and soil water content of epiphytic phyllosphere bacterial communities associated with four boreal conifer tree species. Our results showed only a weak response of phyllosphere bacterial communities to variation in soil water content. On the other hand, host tree species identity and rain exclusion were the main drivers of epiphytic phyllosphere bacterial communities’ structure and diversity. This suggests that fewer rain events, in the context of climate change, would impact boreal trees phyllosphere microbiome composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 122554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122553
Yong-Ju Lee , Min-Ki Lee , Chang-Bae Lee
The conservation of biodiversity and carbon sequestration in forests has global significance. In this study, we aimed to investigate strategies to enhance biodiversity and forest carbon pools in temperate forests. We analyzed soil sample data from 725 plots (400 m2 each) collected from the National Forest Inventory of South Korea, categorizing them into three forest stand types: conifer, broadleaved, and mixed stands. Abiotic drivers (topographic and climatic factors, and soil properties), biotic drivers (taxonomic and functional trait diversity, functional trait identity, and stand structural diversity), and forest development stage-related factor (stand age) served as independent variables. We applied a multimodel averaging approach and piecewise structural equation modeling to identify the main drivers and linkages controlling forest carbon pools, including tree biomass, coarse woody debris, and soil organic carbon (SOC) for each stand type. Our findings revealed that stand age–driven tree size variation (i.e., standard deviation of diameter at breast height) influenced each forest carbon pool across all stand types, with different biotic drivers affecting the linkages among carbon pools depending on forest type. Additionally, environmental conditions, especially soil chemical properties, were the main drivers controlling SOC among forest carbon pools. In this study, we suggest that different forest management plans should be implemented to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity and biodiversity of each forest stand type.
{"title":"Combined effects of environmental conditions and stand age–induced tree size variation on temperate forest carbon pools among stand types in South Korea","authors":"Yong-Ju Lee , Min-Ki Lee , Chang-Bae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservation of biodiversity and carbon sequestration in forests has global significance. In this study, we aimed to investigate strategies to enhance biodiversity and forest carbon pools in temperate forests. We analyzed soil sample data from 725 plots (400 m<sup>2</sup> each) collected from the National Forest Inventory of South Korea, categorizing them into three forest stand types: conifer, broadleaved, and mixed stands. Abiotic drivers (topographic and climatic factors, and soil properties), biotic drivers (taxonomic and functional trait diversity, functional trait identity, and stand structural diversity), and forest development stage-related factor (stand age) served as independent variables. We applied a multimodel averaging approach and piecewise structural equation modeling to identify the main drivers and linkages controlling forest carbon pools, including tree biomass, coarse woody debris, and soil organic carbon (SOC) for each stand type. Our findings revealed that stand age–driven tree size variation (i.e., standard deviation of diameter at breast height) influenced each forest carbon pool across all stand types, with different biotic drivers affecting the linkages among carbon pools depending on forest type. Additionally, environmental conditions, especially soil chemical properties, were the main drivers controlling SOC among forest carbon pools. In this study, we suggest that different forest management plans should be implemented to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity and biodiversity of each forest stand type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 122553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122551
Jessie J. Foest , Michal Bogdziewicz , Thomas Caignard , Martin Hadad , Peter A. Thomas , Andrew Hacket-Pain
Masting, i.e. interannually variable and synchronized seed production, plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, influencing wildlife dynamics, pathogen prevalence, and forest regeneration. Accurately capturing masting variability is important for effective forest management, conservation efforts, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. The adoption of low-cost methods facilitates the large-scale data acquisition needed in this time of unprecedented environmental upheaval, but it is important to understand the reliability of such methods. We investigated the relationship between the timed count method and the quadrat-based method for monitoring seed production in European beech (Fagus sylvatica). The timed count method is fast, cost-effective, and suitable for areas with public access. These characteristics make time counts a practical choice for large-scale seed monitoring. However, the method has not been cross-calibrated with more traditional ground-based methods like quadrat sampling, which involves exhaustive seed collection from designated plots under tree canopies. Our research reveals a loglinear relationship between seed counts obtained by the two methods, and shows that the timed count is an effective method of estimating seed production. We also found that seed production exhibits greater dispersion in patchiness at lower levels of seed fall, which explains why the timed count method, covering a larger area, captures greater variability in seed fall compared to the quadrat method in such contexts. This highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate sampling strategy to accurately assess seed fall. The differences between the two methods introduce variability into derived masting metrics, such as the coefficient of variation and synchrony, with individual-level seed production variability metrics being more affected than population-level ones. The findings underscore the importance of understanding how different sampling methods can impact long-term ecological studies, particularly those focused on masting behaviour.
{"title":"Comparing two ground-based seed count methods and their effect on masting metrics","authors":"Jessie J. Foest , Michal Bogdziewicz , Thomas Caignard , Martin Hadad , Peter A. Thomas , Andrew Hacket-Pain","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Masting, i.e. interannually variable and synchronized seed production, plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, influencing wildlife dynamics, pathogen prevalence, and forest regeneration. Accurately capturing masting variability is important for effective forest management, conservation efforts, and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. The adoption of low-cost methods facilitates the large-scale data acquisition needed in this time of unprecedented environmental upheaval, but it is important to understand the reliability of such methods. We investigated the relationship between the timed count method and the quadrat-based method for monitoring seed production in European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>). The timed count method is fast, cost-effective, and suitable for areas with public access. These characteristics make time counts a practical choice for large-scale seed monitoring. However, the method has not been cross-calibrated with more traditional ground-based methods like quadrat sampling, which involves exhaustive seed collection from designated plots under tree canopies. Our research reveals a loglinear relationship between seed counts obtained by the two methods, and shows that the timed count is an effective method of estimating seed production. We also found that seed production exhibits greater dispersion in patchiness at lower levels of seed fall, which explains why the timed count method, covering a larger area, captures greater variability in seed fall compared to the quadrat method in such contexts. This highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate sampling strategy to accurately assess seed fall. The differences between the two methods introduce variability into derived masting metrics, such as the coefficient of variation and synchrony, with individual-level seed production variability metrics being more affected than population-level ones. The findings underscore the importance of understanding how different sampling methods can impact long-term ecological studies, particularly those focused on masting behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 122551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122556
Barry Gardiner, Emanuele Lingua, Maximiliano Costa, Yi-Ying Chen, Kana Kamimura, Amanda Bunce, Dirk Schindler
Understanding the process of wind damage to trees and forests is an important requirement for developing strategies to create forests and urban environments resilient to climate change and for understanding the ecology of forests subject to wind damage. This special issue is a collection of papers based on work associated with the 10th IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference held in June 2023 in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy. The 1st IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference was held in 1993 in Edinburgh, Scotland and this latest publication allows us to reflect on how the subject has developed over the last 30 years. Familiar themes continue to be important including the interaction between trees and forests and the wind, and predicting the risk of damage to forests and trees. However, there has been an increased awareness of the importance of wind disturbance in shaping the ecology of many forests including broadleaf forests and forests in tropical and subtropical regions. Furthermore, there is now more emphasis on trying to understand the response of individual trees to the wind and together with the increased research on wind impacts on broadleaved trees this is allowing a better understanding of the risk that urban trees, trees in rural landscapes, and mixed species forests are facing. A new development has been the emergence of clear evidence of genetic differences in the wind resistance of different clones of the same species. This gives us the opportunity to breed trees with greater resistance to wind damage. At the same time a paper in this special issue shows that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees across Europe adjusted their wind resistance to the local wind environment, demonstrating the high plasticity of this and other tree species. Understanding the interaction of genetics and environmental influences on tree resistance to wind remains a major challenge for future research. Further challenges are to develop a better understanding of tree dynamics, root fatiguing, and the interaction of roots, soil and moisture. It is clear that we need to take a holistic view of forest disturbance by understanding the interaction of wind with other disturbance agents such as drought, bark beetles, and fire. In this way we can hopefully help to develop forest ecosystems that are more resilient to our future climate.
{"title":"The future is uncertain: Wind resilient forests in a changing climate","authors":"Barry Gardiner, Emanuele Lingua, Maximiliano Costa, Yi-Ying Chen, Kana Kamimura, Amanda Bunce, Dirk Schindler","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the process of wind damage to trees and forests is an important requirement for developing strategies to create forests and urban environments resilient to climate change and for understanding the ecology of forests subject to wind damage. This special issue is a collection of papers based on work associated with the 10th IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference held in June 2023 in Castelfranco Veneto, Italy. The 1st IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference was held in 1993 in Edinburgh, Scotland and this latest publication allows us to reflect on how the subject has developed over the last 30 years. Familiar themes continue to be important including the interaction between trees and forests and the wind, and predicting the risk of damage to forests and trees. However, there has been an increased awareness of the importance of wind disturbance in shaping the ecology of many forests including broadleaf forests and forests in tropical and subtropical regions. Furthermore, there is now more emphasis on trying to understand the response of individual trees to the wind and together with the increased research on wind impacts on broadleaved trees this is allowing a better understanding of the risk that urban trees, trees in rural landscapes, and mixed species forests are facing. A new development has been the emergence of clear evidence of genetic differences in the wind resistance of different clones of the same species. This gives us the opportunity to breed trees with greater resistance to wind damage. At the same time a paper in this special issue shows that Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) trees across Europe adjusted their wind resistance to the local wind environment, demonstrating the high plasticity of this and other tree species. Understanding the interaction of genetics and environmental influences on tree resistance to wind remains a major challenge for future research. Further challenges are to develop a better understanding of tree dynamics, root fatiguing, and the interaction of roots, soil and moisture. It is clear that we need to take a holistic view of forest disturbance by understanding the interaction of wind with other disturbance agents such as drought, bark beetles, and fire. In this way we can hopefully help to develop forest ecosystems that are more resilient to our future climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"581 ","pages":"Article 122556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122545
Hui Shao , Huimin Wang , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Xiaoqin Dai , Shengwang Meng , Paul Kardol , Yuxin Wang , Fusheng Chen , Liang Kou , Decai Gao , Xiaoli Fu
Tropical and subtropical forests are important for terrestrial gross primary production. These forests are limited by nutrient availability and are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment under global change. However, little is known about how and why belowground biodiversity responds to nutrient enrichment during litter decomposition in these forests – the fundamental process fuelling nutrients to the soil system while supporting carbon sequestration. We conducted a 6-year field microcosm experiment and used a linear mixed effect to investigate the effects of nutrient enrichment on micro-food webs (i.e., microbes and nematodes) of leaf and root litters in a subtropical plantation. We found strong effects of nutrient enrichment on diversity and structure of microbes and nematodes during litter decomposition. For instance, fertilization (nitrogen+phosphorus; N + P) significantly decreased fungal richness of diversity (OTUs richness) throughout the decomposition process, and shifted the litter biota toward lower bacterial evenness of diversity (OTUs evenness), with higher relative abundances of fungi and herbivores at the humus-near stage. Nutrient enrichment also modulated leaf and root litter micro-food webs in different ways. NP addition had stronger positive effects on leaf litter bacterial oligotrophs:copiotrophs at the early stage, and stronger positive effects on root litter fungi:bacteria, but stronger negative effects on leaf litter fungal oligotrophs:copiotrophs at the humus-near stage. Overall, our results indicate that nutrient enrichment significantly alters microbes and microfauna associated with litter decomposition in subtropical forests, with important consequences for nutrient replenishment and soil organic carbon formation.
{"title":"Nutrient enrichment shapes litter micro-food webs in a subtropical plantation","authors":"Hui Shao , Huimin Wang , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Xiaoqin Dai , Shengwang Meng , Paul Kardol , Yuxin Wang , Fusheng Chen , Liang Kou , Decai Gao , Xiaoli Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical and subtropical forests are important for terrestrial gross primary production. These forests are limited by nutrient availability and are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment under global change. However, little is known about how and why belowground biodiversity responds to nutrient enrichment during litter decomposition in these forests – the fundamental process fuelling nutrients to the soil system while supporting carbon sequestration. We conducted a 6-year field microcosm experiment and used a linear mixed effect to investigate the effects of nutrient enrichment on micro-food webs (i.e., microbes and nematodes) of leaf and root litters in a subtropical plantation. We found strong effects of nutrient enrichment on diversity and structure of microbes and nematodes during litter decomposition. For instance, fertilization (nitrogen+phosphorus; N + P) significantly decreased fungal richness of diversity (OTUs richness) throughout the decomposition process, and shifted the litter biota toward lower bacterial evenness of diversity (OTUs evenness), with higher relative abundances of fungi and herbivores at the humus-near stage. Nutrient enrichment also modulated leaf and root litter micro-food webs in different ways. NP addition had stronger positive effects on leaf litter bacterial oligotrophs:copiotrophs at the early stage, and stronger positive effects on root litter fungi:bacteria, but stronger negative effects on leaf litter fungal oligotrophs:copiotrophs at the humus-near stage. Overall, our results indicate that nutrient enrichment significantly alters microbes and microfauna associated with litter decomposition in subtropical forests, with important consequences for nutrient replenishment and soil organic carbon formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122549
Emily J. Francis , Chang Gyo Jung , Jeffrey A. Hicke , Matthew D. Hurteau
In recent decades, bark beetle outbreaks have caused mass tree mortality in western US forests, which has led to altered wildfire characteristics, hydrological processes, and forest carbon dynamics. Understanding spatial variability in forest susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks in the western US could inform strategic forest management to reduce wildfire risk, manage forest carbon, and plan for altered hydrology. The susceptibility of a forest stand to mortality by bark beetles depends on the availability and characteristics of trees of the host tree species. For multiple bark beetle species that affect coniferous forests in the western US, field studies have demonstrated that outbreak probability and severity increase with the basal area of host trees. However, field plot data with information on species composition and basal area are not available in a spatially complete manner across the western US. In this study, we estimated susceptibility to bark beetle-caused tree mortality based on stand characteristics in coniferous forest watersheds in the western US. We used a dataset of forest inventory plot data imputed to all forested area in the western US at 30 m resolution to calculate host basal area and model its relationship to the probability and amount of bark beetle-caused mortality for eight of the most damaging bark beetle species in the western US in recent decades. To estimate tree mortality from individual bark beetle species, we used raster datasets quantifying the proportion of area with mortality by each bark beetle species from USDA Forest Service Aerial Detection Surveys. We evaluated model performance on a temporally-separated validation dataset and calculated the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and correlation between predicted and observed probability (AUC) and amount (correlation) of mortality. We found that models using bark beetle species-specific host basal area and average climate conditions were able to predict the probability of mortality, with AUC values ranging from 0.721 to 0.952, but had a limited ability to predict the amount of mortality. Our results identify forests in the western US with characteristics that lead to a higher susceptibility to bark beetle outbreak. Our analysis included less well-studied species that have caused significant mortality in drought-influenced forests in recent years, specifically fir engraver and western pine beetle, and revealed that large forested areas in the western US are susceptible to mortality by these two species.
{"title":"Modeling the probability of bark beetle-caused tree mortality as a function of watershed-scale host species presence and basal area","authors":"Emily J. Francis , Chang Gyo Jung , Jeffrey A. Hicke , Matthew D. Hurteau","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, bark beetle outbreaks have caused mass tree mortality in western US forests, which has led to altered wildfire characteristics, hydrological processes, and forest carbon dynamics. Understanding spatial variability in forest susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks in the western US could inform strategic forest management to reduce wildfire risk, manage forest carbon, and plan for altered hydrology. The susceptibility of a forest stand to mortality by bark beetles depends on the availability and characteristics of trees of the host tree species. For multiple bark beetle species that affect coniferous forests in the western US, field studies have demonstrated that outbreak probability and severity increase with the basal area of host trees. However, field plot data with information on species composition and basal area are not available in a spatially complete manner across the western US. In this study, we estimated susceptibility to bark beetle-caused tree mortality based on stand characteristics in coniferous forest watersheds in the western US. We used a dataset of forest inventory plot data imputed to all forested area in the western US at 30 m resolution to calculate host basal area and model its relationship to the probability and amount of bark beetle-caused mortality for eight of the most damaging bark beetle species in the western US in recent decades. To estimate tree mortality from individual bark beetle species, we used raster datasets quantifying the proportion of area with mortality by each bark beetle species from USDA Forest Service Aerial Detection Surveys. We evaluated model performance on a temporally-separated validation dataset and calculated the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and correlation between predicted and observed probability (AUC) and amount (correlation) of mortality. We found that models using bark beetle species-specific host basal area and average climate conditions were able to predict the probability of mortality, with AUC values ranging from 0.721 to 0.952, but had a limited ability to predict the amount of mortality. Our results identify forests in the western US with characteristics that lead to a higher susceptibility to bark beetle outbreak. Our analysis included less well-studied species that have caused significant mortality in drought-influenced forests in recent years, specifically fir engraver and western pine beetle, and revealed that large forested areas in the western US are susceptible to mortality by these two species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122537
Jerzy Michalczuk, Monika Michalczuk
Large forest patches are essential for the protection of forest species, but in an agricultural landscape, groves or non-forest tree stands, such as rural parks, can also be refuges for many forest birds. During the research, the importance of groves and rural parks for the occurrence of cavity nesters was compared in a heavily deforested agricultural landscape (approximately 440 km2) in SE Poland. For this purpose, in 2016, the habitat requirements of four species: the Great spotted woodpecker, Syrian woodpecker, European starling, and Eurasian nuthatch were evaluated. It was assumed that the cover of tree stands, isolated tree stand patches surrounded by treeless and built-up habitats, and also the quality of tree stands, e.g. the presence of trees with large trunk dimensions and trees with poor health condition or the number of trees in tree habitats, may play an important role for the presence of the studied species. The research has shown that rural parks could be more important for the protection of cavity nesting birds because these tree stands were inhabited by the studied species twice as often as the groves. A positive impact on the occurrence of cavity nesters had a larger tree cover area, as well as the presence of trees with large trunk dimensions. Isolation with tree-less habitats or built-up areas has no negative impact on the occurrence of cavity nesters. Research indicates that when planning the protection of cavity nesters in agricultural landscapes, rural parks should also be taken into account, as they are valuable refugia for this ecological group of birds and may also play an important role in the protection of biodiversity in heavily deforested agricultural landscapes.
{"title":"Parks or groves – Which tree stands are more important for cavity dwellers in a highly deforested agricultural landscape?","authors":"Jerzy Michalczuk, Monika Michalczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large forest patches are essential for the protection of forest species, but in an agricultural landscape, groves or non-forest tree stands, such as rural parks, can also be refuges for many forest birds. During the research, the importance of groves and rural parks for the occurrence of cavity nesters was compared in a heavily deforested agricultural landscape (approximately 440 km<sup>2</sup>) in SE Poland. For this purpose, in 2016, the habitat requirements of four species: the Great spotted woodpecker, Syrian woodpecker, European starling, and Eurasian nuthatch were evaluated. It was assumed that the cover of tree stands, isolated tree stand patches surrounded by treeless and built-up habitats, and also the quality of tree stands, e.g. the presence of trees with large trunk dimensions and trees with poor health condition or the number of trees in tree habitats, may play an important role for the presence of the studied species. The research has shown that rural parks could be more important for the protection of cavity nesting birds because these tree stands were inhabited by the studied species twice as often as the groves. A positive impact on the occurrence of cavity nesters had a larger tree cover area, as well as the presence of trees with large trunk dimensions. Isolation with tree-less habitats or built-up areas has no negative impact on the occurrence of cavity nesters. Research indicates that when planning the protection of cavity nesters in agricultural landscapes, rural parks should also be taken into account, as they are valuable refugia for this ecological group of birds and may also play an important role in the protection of biodiversity in heavily deforested agricultural landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122476
Philipp Spiegel , Thomas Hintze , Aaron Kopp , Mario Sahli , Andreas Detter , Valentin Queloz , Simone Prospero , Renate Heinzelmann
Since the early 1990s, the invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been spreading in Europe causing severe dieback of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia). H. fraxineus also causes necrotic lesions at the stem base and on roots of ash trees, which frequently serve as an entry point of secondary wood decay fungi, like Armillaria spp. Rot of the stem base and roots leads to structural weaknesses of ash trees, which makes them prone to uprooting or stem fracturing during storm events. To prevent fatalities and damage to infrastructure it is crucial to timely identify and remove potentially hazardous ash trees. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of H. fraxineus and Armillaria spp. on the health status (crown defoliation, presence, and extent of basal stem necroses) of mature trees of common ash in ten mixed forest stands in Switzerland over a four-year period (2018–2022). In addition, we conducted non-destructive static load tests on a set of 30 ash trees to assess their breaking and tipping stability so that stability weakness at the stem base could be related to tree health data. The health of the monitored ash trees declined rapidly during the monitoring period, indicating that also mature ash trees in mixed forests may be heavily impacted by ash dieback after prolonged exposure to H. fraxineus (here 12–13 years) and subsequent colonization by root rot pathogens. At the end of the monitoring, only 4.1 % of ash trees with a healthy crown (defoliation ≤ 25 %) remained and 75.4 % of ash trees showed basal stem necroses, which were, with a few exceptions, all colonized by Armillaria. Although the results from the static load tests indicated that predicting tree stability based on crown defoliation level and stem base damage level is not straightforward, i.e. also trees with advanced crown defoliation and stem necrosis can still be stable, our study shows that ash trees with necroses affecting at least 20 % of the basal stem circumference and trees with more than 75 % crown defoliation are likely to suffer from a weakness at the stem base. Building on the new findings and previous research, guidelines for the management of mature ash trees affected by ash dieback are suggested.
{"title":"Synergistic negative effects of ash dieback and Armillaria root rot on health and stability of mature ash trees","authors":"Philipp Spiegel , Thomas Hintze , Aaron Kopp , Mario Sahli , Andreas Detter , Valentin Queloz , Simone Prospero , Renate Heinzelmann","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the early 1990s, the invasive pathogen <em>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</em> has been spreading in Europe causing severe dieback of common ash (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>) and narrow-leaved ash (<em>Fraxinus angustifolia</em>). <em>H. fraxineus</em> also causes necrotic lesions at the stem base and on roots of ash trees, which frequently serve as an entry point of secondary wood decay fungi, like <em>Armillaria</em> spp. Rot of the stem base and roots leads to structural weaknesses of ash trees, which makes them prone to uprooting or stem fracturing during storm events. To prevent fatalities and damage to infrastructure it is crucial to timely identify and remove potentially hazardous ash trees. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of <em>H. fraxineus</em> and <em>Armillaria</em> spp. on the health status (crown defoliation, presence, and extent of basal stem necroses) of mature trees of common ash in ten mixed forest stands in Switzerland over a four-year period (2018–2022). In addition, we conducted non-destructive static load tests on a set of 30 ash trees to assess their breaking and tipping stability so that stability weakness at the stem base could be related to tree health data. The health of the monitored ash trees declined rapidly during the monitoring period, indicating that also mature ash trees in mixed forests may be heavily impacted by ash dieback after prolonged exposure to <em>H. fraxineus</em> (here 12–13 years) and subsequent colonization by root rot pathogens. At the end of the monitoring, only 4.1 % of ash trees with a healthy crown (defoliation ≤ 25 %) remained and 75.4 % of ash trees showed basal stem necroses, which were, with a few exceptions, all colonized by <em>Armillaria</em>. Although the results from the static load tests indicated that predicting tree stability based on crown defoliation level and stem base damage level is not straightforward, i.e. also trees with advanced crown defoliation and stem necrosis can still be stable, our study shows that ash trees with necroses affecting at least 20 % of the basal stem circumference and trees with more than 75 % crown defoliation are likely to suffer from a weakness at the stem base. Building on the new findings and previous research, guidelines for the management of mature ash trees affected by ash dieback are suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122425
D.E.L. Hanna , M. Harper , X. Giroux-Bougard , J.S. Richardson , T. Rytwinski , A. Bachhuber , E.J. Hudgins , S. Karimi , R. Schuster , A.D. Binley , R. Reedman , J.G. Vincent , J.R. Bennett
Freshwater quality and biodiversity are known to be affected by surrounding timber harvesting activities. However, variable impacts across studies make it difficult to predict the implications of harvesting for freshwaters. Evidence syntheses compile existing research to assess whether robust predictions of impact can be drawn and determine where gaps lie. Yet, no synthesis that we know of describes the overall evidence landscape of research assessing the effects of forest management for wood production (hereafter: timber harvesting) on water quality and aquatic biodiversity of running waters. We address this gap by creating an evidence map specifically focused on boreal and temperate biomes - which contribute heavily to timber production. Using Web of Science Core Collections, Scopus and Google Scholar, we located 638 relevant publications from which we identified three key primary research and evidence synthesis priorities focused on prediction of impact using existing literature. Most studies took place in the United States of America (56 %, n = 358) and quantified two or more biotic or water quality indicators (range = 1–52, mean = 7, sd = 7). Water quality was more frequently assessed across studies (80 %, n = 511) than biotic indicators (39 %, n = 248), with benthic macroinvertebrates being the most commonly assessed taxon (50 % of studies that quantified biotic indicators, n = 124). Biodiversity-specific biotic indicators (e.g. richness) were assessed at a similar frequency (51 % of all biotic indicator measurements, n = 606) to other types of biotic indicators (e.g. abundance) (49 %, n = 594). The majority of studies that contained temporal information collected data about water quality and biotic indicators for no longer than five years (56 %, n = 358) and no more than five years after timber harvesting events (66 %, n = 309 studies). Although numerous studies contained no information about the types of harvesting in their study regions (19 %, n = 122), those that did mainly focused on effects of clearcutting (n = 458 studies). Most studies did not contain watershed-scale information about timber harvesting (58 %, n = 349). Together, these findings point toward three key primary research priorities which include: capturing a broader scope of effects, especially regarding biodiversity and other biotic indicators; increasing our ability to detect long-term changes related to timber harvesting; and, better accounting for watershed level processes. We provide suggestions for approaches to address each of these research priorities and examples of how evidence syntheses that utilize and build on the dataset we compiled for this map could improve understanding and prediction of the effects of timber harvesting on fresh waters.
{"title":"An evidence map of research assessing the effects of timber harvesting on water quality, biotic and biodiversity indicators in running waters","authors":"D.E.L. Hanna , M. Harper , X. Giroux-Bougard , J.S. Richardson , T. Rytwinski , A. Bachhuber , E.J. Hudgins , S. Karimi , R. Schuster , A.D. Binley , R. Reedman , J.G. Vincent , J.R. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater quality and biodiversity are known to be affected by surrounding timber harvesting activities. However, variable impacts across studies make it difficult to predict the implications of harvesting for freshwaters. Evidence syntheses compile existing research to assess whether robust predictions of impact can be drawn and determine where gaps lie. Yet, no synthesis that we know of describes the overall evidence landscape of research assessing the effects of forest management for wood production (hereafter: timber harvesting) on water quality and aquatic biodiversity of running waters. We address this gap by creating an evidence map specifically focused on boreal and temperate biomes - which contribute heavily to timber production. Using Web of Science Core Collections, Scopus and Google Scholar, we located 638 relevant publications from which we identified three key primary research and evidence synthesis priorities focused on prediction of impact using existing literature. Most studies took place in the United States of America (56 %, n = 358) and quantified two or more biotic or water quality indicators (range = 1–52, mean = 7, sd = 7). Water quality was more frequently assessed across studies (80 %, n = 511) than biotic indicators (39 %, n = 248), with benthic macroinvertebrates being the most commonly assessed taxon (50 % of studies that quantified biotic indicators, n = 124). Biodiversity-specific biotic indicators (e.g. richness) were assessed at a similar frequency (51 % of all biotic indicator measurements, n = 606) to other types of biotic indicators (e.g. abundance) (49 %, n = 594). The majority of studies that contained temporal information collected data about water quality and biotic indicators for no longer than five years (56 %, n = 358) and no more than five years after timber harvesting events (66 %, n = 309 studies). Although numerous studies contained no information about the types of harvesting in their study regions (19 %, n = 122), those that did mainly focused on effects of clearcutting (n = 458 studies). Most studies did not contain watershed-scale information about timber harvesting (58 %, n = 349). Together, these findings point toward three key primary research priorities which include: capturing a broader scope of effects, especially regarding biodiversity and other biotic indicators; increasing our ability to detect long-term changes related to timber harvesting; and, better accounting for watershed level processes. We provide suggestions for approaches to address each of these research priorities and examples of how evidence syntheses that utilize and build on the dataset we compiled for this map could improve understanding and prediction of the effects of timber harvesting on fresh waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122541
Markus Hauck , Tom Schneider, Samuel Bahlinger, Judith Fischbach, Gabriella Oswald, Germar Csapek, Choimaa Dulamsuren
Climate-change induced tree mortality or productivity declines have (if not mediated by herbivory, pathogens or fire) mostly been attributed to drought stress. Although the importance of drought is undisputed, evidence is accumulating that the role of heat stress as a separate factor has been underestimated. The photosystem II (PS II) is known to be particularly sensitive to heat and its functionality can be easily tracked with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Several recent studies have substantiated species-specific differences in heat tolerance based on reductions of the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PS II. However, these seminal studies were based on short-term heat exposures for 15 or 30 min, which often resulted in unrealistically high critical temperatures compared to ambient conditions even under climate change. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of heat treatments of up to 4 h, which comes closer to the duration of daily heat maxima in the noon and afternoon hours in 14 temperate tree species native or introduced to Central Europe. Critical reductions in Fv/Fm occurred after 4 h of heat at lower temperatures compared to short-term experiments. While all species coped well with 35 °C, reductions in Fv/Fm started to occur in some species at leaf temperatures of 40 °C and were widespread at 45 °C. Broadleaved trees were generally more tolerant to heat than conifers. Though heat tolerance was correlated with drought tolerance, deviations from the regression line showed that these factors have to be regarded as independent factors when assessing the climate change sensitivity of tree species.
{"title":"Heat tolerance of temperate tree species from Central Europe","authors":"Markus Hauck , Tom Schneider, Samuel Bahlinger, Judith Fischbach, Gabriella Oswald, Germar Csapek, Choimaa Dulamsuren","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate-change induced tree mortality or productivity declines have (if not mediated by herbivory, pathogens or fire) mostly been attributed to drought stress. Although the importance of drought is undisputed, evidence is accumulating that the role of heat stress as a separate factor has been underestimated. The photosystem II (PS II) is known to be particularly sensitive to heat and its functionality can be easily tracked with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Several recent studies have substantiated species-specific differences in heat tolerance based on reductions of the maximum quantum yield (<em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub>) of PS II. However, these seminal studies were based on short-term heat exposures for 15 or 30 min, which often resulted in unrealistically high critical temperatures compared to ambient conditions even under climate change. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of heat treatments of up to 4 h, which comes closer to the duration of daily heat maxima in the noon and afternoon hours in 14 temperate tree species native or introduced to Central Europe. Critical reductions in <em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub> occurred after 4 h of heat at lower temperatures compared to short-term experiments. While all species coped well with 35 °C, reductions in <em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub> started to occur in some species at leaf temperatures of 40 °C and were widespread at 45 °C. Broadleaved trees were generally more tolerant to heat than conifers. Though heat tolerance was correlated with drought tolerance, deviations from the regression line showed that these factors have to be regarded as independent factors when assessing the climate change sensitivity of tree species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143329740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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