Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第4页

Personal laser scanning reveals how canopy structure, topographic parameters and light regime influence natural regeneration in alpine protection forests 个人激光扫描揭示了高寒防护林冠层结构、地形参数和光照状况对自然更新的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123488

Sarah Witzmann , Christoph Gollob , Ralf Kraßnitzer , Tim Ritter , Andreas Tockner , Helmut Schume , Arne Nothdurft

Natural forest regeneration is necessary to preserve forest stability, resilience, and long-term functionality. In Austria, where protective forests cover approximately 40 % of forested areas, regeneration deficits threaten the sustainability of ecosystem services, particularly in the face of increasing disturbance events. Natural regeneration does not only ensure a continuous forest cover, but itself increases the protective function of the entire stand by increasing water retention and slope stability, and preventing soil erosion and small rockfalls. Despite the importance of promoting regeneration, forest managers lack clear, data-based guidance on environmental and structural conditions that support it. We aimed to identify key site and stand variables that influence the density of natural regeneration in alpine protective forests and to provide actionable recommendations for improving forest management practices. Our analysis revealed that regeneration density is significantly influenced by topographic conditions and overstory structure, with varying preferences for light availability. Key factors included incident solar radiation, crown base height, and stand stratification. Results indicate that a one-size-fits-all approach to gap size or residual basal area is inadequate. Our findings advance the ecological understanding of alpine protection forest dynamics and deliver a practical framework for implementing site-adapted, sustainable forest management strategies.

自然森林更新是保持森林稳定性、恢复力和长期功能的必要条件。在奥地利，防护林覆盖了大约40% %的森林面积，再生不足威胁着生态系统服务的可持续性，特别是在面对日益增加的干扰事件时。自然更新不仅保证了森林覆盖的连续性，而且增加了整个林分的保水性和边坡稳定性，防止了水土流失和小落石，增加了整个林分的保护功能。尽管促进再生很重要，但森林管理者缺乏关于支持再生的环境和结构条件的明确的、基于数据的指导。我们的目的是确定影响高山保护林自然更新密度的关键场址和林分变量，并为改善森林管理实践提供可行的建议。我们的分析表明，再生密度受地形条件和上层结构的显著影响，并且对光可用性有不同的偏好。关键因素包括入射太阳辐射、树冠基部高度和林分分层。结果表明，对间隙大小或剩余基底面积的一刀切方法是不够的。我们的研究结果促进了对高山保护林动态的生态学理解，并为实施适应地点的可持续森林管理战略提供了一个实用框架。

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引用次数: 0

Forest structure and microclimate predict nesting activity and reproductive success of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera 森林结构和小气候可预测腔巢膜翅目昆虫的筑巢活动和繁殖成功

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123495

Emily P. Tudor , Adam T. Cross , Sean Tomlinson

Landscape-scale habitat alteration causes changes in biotic and abiotic conditions that may drive population declines of insect pollinators and other functional guilds. Such declines may consequentially impair ecosystem function and composition. Our objective was to examine whether habitat structure or microclimate best explained patterns in nesting activity and reproductive output of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera, specifically Megachile (Family: Megachilidae), along a successional gradient following post-mining rehabilitation and restoration in Australia’s south-west. To do so, we sampled cavity-nesting Hymenoptera using artificial nesting cavities (trap nests) across twelve survey sites randomly selected across a 22-year restoration chronosequence. We observed that early successional restoration sites had warmer microclimates and supported increased nesting activity and greater fecundity of cavity-nesting bees (principally M. aurifrons). In contrast, cavity-nesting wasps were recorded less frequently but in association with areas of reduced understorey density. Early successional and open habitats appear important in maintaining highly fecund populations of the large cavity-nesting bees that we studied here, suggesting that thermal ecology may underpin the mechanisms driving habitat selection by these important pollinators in heterogenous forested landscapes. This has implications for the management of biodiversity in Australia because cavity-nesting bees represent an important component of the hymenopteran fauna, and often fulfil specialised pollination roles in native ecosystems. Ongoing restoration management could aim to maximise landscape heterogeneity by featuring a mix of successional stages to support the abiotic and biotic requirements of a biodiverse insect community.

景观尺度的生境改变引起生物和非生物条件的变化，可能导致昆虫传粉者和其他功能行会的种群减少。这种下降可能会损害生态系统的功能和组成。我们的目的是研究栖息地结构或小气候是否能最好地解释在澳大利亚西南部开采后恢复和恢复后沿演变梯度筑巢活动和繁殖产出的腔巢膜翅目昆虫，特别是巨型昆虫（科：巨型昆虫科）的模式。为了做到这一点，我们在22年的恢复时间序列中随机选择了12个调查地点，使用人工筑巢（陷阱巢）对腔巢膜翅目昆虫进行了采样。我们观察到，早期演替恢复地点具有较温暖的小气候，支持巢蜂（主要是M. aurifrons）的筑巢活动增加和繁殖力提高。相比之下，洞巢黄蜂的记录频率较低，但与下层植被密度减少的地区有关。早期演替和开放的栖息地对于维持我们研究的大洞巢蜜蜂的高产种群很重要，这表明热生态学可能支持驱动这些重要传粉媒介在异质森林景观中选择栖息地的机制。这对澳大利亚生物多样性的管理具有重要意义，因为腔巢蜜蜂是膜翅目动物群的重要组成部分，并且经常在本地生态系统中发挥专门的授粉作用。正在进行的恢复管理可以通过具有演替阶段的混合来支持生物多样性昆虫群落的非生物和生物需求，从而最大限度地提高景观异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging shared PWD-resistant consensus and implementation across Mainland Portugal: An assessment framework for large-scale mixed-forest conversion projects and their cost–feasibility 弥合葡萄牙大陆抵御pwd的共识和实施：大型混交林转换项目及其成本可行性评估框架

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123482

Tiantian Ma , Yakui Shao , Huiqing Pei , Takuya Hiroshima , Miga Magenika Julian , Biao Zhang , Bingqian Ma , Shen Tan , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Zhichao Wang , Zhongke Feng

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of Europe’s most acute transboundary forest health threats, with Portugal and the Portugal–Spain buffer zone forming its primary defense line. Although mixed-forest conversion is widely viewed as a promising strategy for reducing host continuity and enhancing resistance, its real-world implementation has remained unclear due to the complexity of coordinating climate-driven habitat shifts, large-area planning, and long-term costs. Here we move from scientific conception to engineering practice by developing a spatial–temporal–economic assessment framework for nationwide PWD-resistant mixed-forest establishment in mainland Portugal. Using optimized MaxEnt models under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios for the 2030 s and 2050 s, we show that maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) suitability contracts sharply, with a northwestward centroid shift of up to ∼101 km by 2050, while a four-species mixed forest retains markedly higher stability, maintaining ∼43.3 % suitability even under SSP5–8.5. Integrating suitability with slope, accessibility, and afforestation mechanisms, we design a three-phase conversion blueprint (2025–2050) targeting 3.61–3.62 × 10⁴ km². Implementation relies on mechanical afforestation and UAV seeding, with mechanical operations accounting for > 83 % of total area. Cost modeling indicates a required investment of 3.186–4.404 B€ (128–176 M€/yr), with Phase II comprising ∼74 % of the total effort. This framework demonstrates that large-scale mixed-forest establishment is not only ecologically advantageous but also operationally and economically feasible. It provides a transferable model for converting ecological concepts into engineered forest-resilience programs under accelerating climate and biosecurity pressures.

松树枯萎病（PWD）是欧洲最严重的跨境森林健康威胁之一，葡萄牙和葡萄牙-西班牙缓冲区构成了其主要防线。虽然混交林转换被广泛认为是减少宿主连续性和增强抵抗力的一种有前景的策略，但由于协调气候驱动的栖息地转移、大面积规划和长期成本的复杂性，其在现实世界中的实施仍不明朗。在这里，我们通过开发一个空间-时间-经济评估框架，为葡萄牙大陆的全国抗pwd混交林建立从科学概念到工程实践。利用优化后的MaxEnt模型，在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下对2030年 s和2050年 s进行预测，我们发现海松（Pinus pinaster Ait.）的适宜性急剧收缩，到2050年重心向西北移动高达101 km，而四种混合林则保持了明显更高的稳定性，即使在SSP5-8.5情景下也保持了43.3% %的适宜性。结合坡度适宜性、可达性和造林机制，我们设计了一个三相转换蓝图（2025-2050），目标为3.61-3.62 × 10⁴km²。实施依靠机械造林和无人机播种，机械作业占总面积的>； 83 %。成本模型表明，所需投资为3.186-4.404亿欧元（128-176 亿欧元/年），第二阶段占总工作量的约74 %。这一框架表明，大规模混交林建设不仅在生态上有利，而且在操作和经济上也是可行的。它为在日益加剧的气候和生物安全压力下将生态概念转化为工程森林恢复力方案提供了一个可转移的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term stand growth and survival of loblolly pine open-pollinated families and clonal varieties in the West Gulf Coastal Plain 西墨西哥湾沿岸平原明花火炬松科和无性系品种的长期林分生长和存活

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123491

Tej Raj Oli , Pradip Saud , Michael A. Blazier , Marco Yáñez , Matthew Pelkki

While most studies of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes have focused on early growth, long-term performance under operational conditions remains understudied. This study compared the growth dynamics of five genetic entries (open-pollinated families: OP 756, OP 8103, and LA OP; and clonal varieties: V 9 and V 93) in the West Gulf Coastal Plain ecoregion of northwest Louisiana, USA, using 20 years of remeasurement data. A linear mixed-effects model showed significant genotype × age interactions and survival effects on growth metrics at both individual and stand levels. V 93 achieved the greatest height (6.2–18.8 % higher). While OP 756 exhibited the largest average breast-height diameter (DBH) and stem volume, the differences were non-significant. V 9 outperformed all others with stand volumes 6.5–33 % greater, as its higher survival (> 90 %) offsets the relatively smaller individual DBH and heights, ensuring volume superiority. Genetic differences in tree-level growth began to emerge after age 4 or 5. Over 60 % of the variability in tree height and DBH was attributed to plot and tree-level variation; however, plot-level variation had a minimal influence on stand-level performance. A marginal logistic regression also indicated a significant genotype × age interaction, suggesting survival varied over time. Overall, varietals offer strong potential for improved productivity over OP families under operational conditions and could benefit landowners across similar ecoregions, whereas locally sourced LA OP showed relatively poor growth performance. However, genotype selection should consider site conditions, management goals, and long-term objectives to ensure optimal outcomes.

虽然大多数对火炬松（Pinus taeda L.）基因型的研究都集中在早期生长上，但在操作条件下的长期表现仍未得到充分研究。利用20年的再测量资料，比较了美国路易斯安那州西北部西墨西哥湾沿岸平原生态区5个遗传项（开放授粉科：OP 756、OP 8103和LA OP；无性系：V 9和V 93）的生长动态。线性混合效应模型显示，在个体和林分水平上，基因型× 年龄相互作用和生存对生长指标的影响显著。v93最高，高6.2 ~ 18.8 %。虽然OP 756表现出最大的平均胸高直径（DBH）和茎体积，但差异不显著。v9比其他所有的林分体积大6.5-33 %，因为其较高的成活率（> 90 %）抵消了相对较小的单株胸径和高度，确保了体积优势。树级生长的遗传差异在4岁或5岁后开始出现。60 %以上的树高和胸径变异归因于样地和树位的变异；而样地水平变异对林分表现的影响最小。边际逻辑回归也显示了显著的基因型与 年龄的相互作用，表明生存率随时间而变化。总体而言，在操作条件下，品种具有提高OP家族生产力的强大潜力，并且可以使类似生态区域的土地所有者受益，而本地采购的LA OP表现出相对较差的增长表现。然而，基因型选择应考虑场地条件、管理目标和长期目标，以确保最佳结果。

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引用次数: 0

Decline in regeneration capacity in mature forests across Great Britain 英国成熟森林的再生能力下降

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123468

Bruno B.L. Cintra , Rodrigo S. Bergamin , Rachel Mailes , Roel Brienen , Estrella Luna , Angus Rob MacKenzie , Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert

Mature forests are key for climate change mitigation, preserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. The future of these services depends on the forest structure and composition which in turn largely depend on the continuity of the regeneration of new trees. However, long-term data on regeneration are rare in European temperate mature forests, hampering our ability to assess trends in regeneration and inform forest-management policies. Here we assess changes in the dynamics of saplings and small trees in 16 permanent plots located in 9 sites of semi-natural mature forests across Great Britain. All plots were measured at least three times, with the most recent census conducted in 2022. We use long term records of individual trees, analysed with Generalised Mixed-Effects Models, to test for temporal trends and drivers of change in recruitment and mortality rates of saplings and small trees over widely spaced censuses across of 30–63 years of forest monitoring. We observed failure of forest regeneration in 8 of the 9 sites monitored with a 46 % decrease in small tree recruitment rates and a 90 % increase in sapling mortality rates during the past 3–4 decades. Generalized regeneration declines were observed for most dominant species across different forest types and climate conditions in Great Britain, suggesting that it is likely caused by multiple drivers. Our results point to recovery from past management, droughts and rising winter temperatures as potential contributors to the regeneration failure. Although not formally tested, other plausible drivers may include the climatic aggravation of tree pathogens and widespread presence of uncontrolled population of herbivores. While more data will be necessary to confirm the drivers of these trends, our study raises concerns about the resilience of these temperate forests and their adaptability to future climate conditions.

成熟森林是减缓气候变化、保护生物多样性和提供生态系统服务的关键。这些服务的未来取决于森林的结构和组成，而森林的结构和组成又在很大程度上取决于新树再生的连续性。然而，关于欧洲温带成熟森林更新的长期数据很少，这妨碍了我们评估更新趋势和为森林管理政策提供信息的能力。在这里，我们评估了位于英国9个半自然成熟森林地点的16个永久样地的树苗和小树的动态变化。所有地块都至少测量了三次，最近一次人口普查是在2022年进行的。我们使用单株树木的长期记录，用广义混合效应模型进行分析，以测试在30-63年的森林监测中广泛间隔的树苗和小树的招募和死亡率变化的时间趋势和驱动因素。在过去的3-4年里，我们观察到9个监测地点中的8个森林更新失败，小树补充率下降了46% %，树苗死亡率增加了90% %。在英国不同的森林类型和气候条件下，大多数优势物种的再生能力普遍下降，这表明这可能是由多种驱动因素引起的。我们的研究结果表明，从过去的管理、干旱和冬季气温上升中恢复是导致再生失败的潜在因素。虽然没有经过正式测试，但其他可能的驱动因素可能包括树木病原体的气候恶化和草食动物种群不受控制的广泛存在。虽然需要更多的数据来确认这些趋势的驱动因素，但我们的研究引起了人们对这些温带森林的恢复能力及其对未来气候条件的适应性的关注。

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引用次数: 0

Summer aridity modulates tree growth response to thinning in Mediterranean pines 夏季干旱调节地中海松树生长对间伐的反应

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123485

Daniel Moreno-Fernández, Miren del Río, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Isabel Cañellas

Forest management offers a proven tool for adapting forests to changing climatic conditions and mitigating their impacts. However, the interaction between forest management practices and climatic conditions in Mediterranean forests warrants further investigation. The primary objective of this study is to assess the combined impact of climate and thinning on secondary tree growth in Mediterranean pines. For the purposes of this study, we leveraged long-term forest information from nine thinning trials established in four Mediterranean pine stands, comprising two subspecies of Pinus nigra Arn. (Black pine subsp nigra and salzmannii), Pinus pinaster Ait. (Maritime pine), Pinus pinea L. (Stone pine) and Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine). We found a significant, positive association between growth and thinning intensity and a negative relationship with summer aridity. Interestingly, our results revealed that the interaction between thinning and climate is species-specific but also site-specific for Scots pine. Overall, we concluded that thinning is a powerful tool for adapting forests to harsher climatic conditions in the Mediterranean Basin. However, the reduction in density may not be sufficient for forests to adapt when climatic conditions become extremely harsh.

森林管理是使森林适应不断变化的气候条件和减轻其影响的行之有效的工具。然而，地中海森林的森林管理做法与气候条件之间的相互作用值得进一步调查。本研究的主要目的是评估气候和间伐对地中海松树次生树生长的综合影响。为了本研究的目的，我们利用了在四个地中海松林中建立的九个间伐试验的长期森林信息，其中包括两个黑松亚种。（黑松subsp nigra和salzmannii）；（海松）、松木松（石松）和苏格兰松（苏格兰松）。我们发现生长和间伐强度之间存在显著的正相关关系，而与夏季干旱呈负相关关系。有趣的是，我们的研究结果表明，对苏格兰松来说，间伐和气候之间的相互作用是物种特异性的，也是地点特异性的。总的来说，我们得出结论，在地中海盆地，疏林是使森林适应更恶劣气候条件的有力工具。然而，当气候条件变得极其恶劣时，密度的减少可能不足以使森林适应。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing fire regime assessment in the Indian Himalayan forests using GEDI LiDAR 利用GEDI激光雷达推进印度喜马拉雅森林火情评估

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123475

Konica Bhandari, Gulab Singh

Wildfires are the leading cause of forest degradation and reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems. As climate change intensifies fire regimes, accurately mapping burn severity and biomass loss remains difficult, particularly in complex mountainous terrain. Traditional remote sensing approaches based on optical data often fail to capture sub-canopy and structural variations, while field-based methods are constrained by scale, access, and logistical complexity. To address these limitations, this study utilises NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) LiDAR data to capture three-dimensional forest structure and monitor changes in aboveground biomass. Focusing on the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), we utilised GEDI structural metrics for fire severity classifications derived from NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) data. Spatial fire density mapping revealed that Evergreen Needleleaf (ENL), Evergreen Broadleaf (EBL), and Deciduous Broadleaf (DBL) plant functional types (PFTs) are particularly vulnerable to recurring fires. The GEDI Level 4 A AGBD product, when tested in the IHR, showed a tendency to underestimate biomass relative to regional field studies, indicating the need for localised calibration in rugged terrain. We found that the pre-monsoon fire season resulted in a biomass loss of 14.33 Mg/ha for the ENL PFT, while the EBL PFT showed a biomass gain of 3.15 Mg/ha. A Random Forest model utilising GEDI structural inputs for fire severity classification achieved an overall accuracy of 85 %. We found that vegetation structural complexity, rather than canopy height, is a more important predictor of high fire severity. We also evaluated the Waveform Structural Complexity Index (WSCI), a novel GEDI metric that effectively characterised fire severity across the under-storey vegetation. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating 3D vegetation structure into fire impact assessments, moving beyond the limitations of conventional two-dimensional optical datasets.

野火是森林退化的主要原因，降低了森林生态系统的固碳能力。由于气候变化加剧了火灾状况，准确绘制烧伤严重程度和生物量损失的地图仍然很困难，特别是在复杂的山区地形。传统的基于光学数据的遥感方法往往无法捕获亚冠层和结构变化，而基于实地的方法则受到规模、获取和后勤复杂性的限制。为了解决这些限制，本研究利用NASA的全球生态系统动力学调查（GEDI）激光雷达数据来捕获三维森林结构并监测地上生物量的变化。以印度喜马拉雅地区（IHR）为重点，我们利用GEDI结构指标进行火灾严重程度分类，这些指标来源于NASA的火灾信息资源管理系统（FIRMS）数据。空间火灾密度图显示，常绿针叶（ENL）、常绿阔叶（EBL）和落叶阔叶（DBL）植物功能类型（PFTs）特别容易发生火灾。GEDI 4级 A AGBD产品在《国际卫生条例》中进行测试时，显示出相对于区域实地研究低估生物量的趋势，这表明需要在崎岖地形中进行局部校准。研究发现，季风前火灾导致ENL PFT的生物量损失为14.33 Mg/ha，而EBL PFT的生物量增加为3.15 Mg/ha。随机森林模型利用GEDI结构输入进行火灾严重程度分类，总体准确率达到85% %。我们发现植被结构复杂性，而不是冠层高度，是高火灾严重程度的更重要预测因子。我们还评估了波形结构复杂性指数（WSCI），这是一种新的GEDI指标，可以有效地表征下层植被的火灾严重程度。这些发现强调了将三维植被结构纳入火灾影响评估的重要性，超越了传统二维光学数据集的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Plant functional trait shifts and biodiversity patterns across urban embedding gradients in karst remnant mountain forests 喀斯特残山林城市埋置梯度植物功能性状变化与生物多样性格局

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123486

Gilbert Kumilamba, Shujun Liu, Zhijie Wang , Jinghao Li, Jian Huang

Urbanization increasingly fragments natural habitats, creating remnant ecosystems embedded within dense urban environments. However, how urban embedding and internal environmental heterogeneity jointly shape biodiversity across vegetation strata remains poorly understood. This study investigated twelve karst remnant mountains in Guiyang City, China, stratified into four embedding levels (no, low, moderate, high) using spatial kernel density analysis. Across tree, shrub, and herb layers, species diversity (richness, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou) and functional diversity (functional richness (FRic), evenness (FEve), divergence (FDiv), dispersion (FDis), and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)) were quantified, based on plant height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and coverage traits alongside topographic variables. Tree diversity declined with increasing embedding, with reduced FRic and FDiv indicating trait convergence toward fewer, competitively dominant species. Shrubs exhibited marked losses of functional richness and divergence, suggesting niche homogenization. In contrast, herbs displayed greater FRic under higher embedding, reflecting colonization by disturbance-tolerant species, though declines in FEve and RaoQ indicated uneven trait distribution and reduced stability. Across all strata, species, and functional diversity weakened along the embedding gradient, signaling a decoupling of taxonomic and functional dimensions. Redundancy analysis and PLS-SEM revealed altitude, slope, and rock exposure as the strongest drivers of both species and functional diversity, acting through environmental filtering on trait expression. This study reveals that urban embedding reduces biodiversity and alters functional trait strategies in karst remnant ecosystems. The findings highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity in buffering urban stress and provide a trait-based framework to guide biodiversity conservation in fragmented urban landscapes.

城市化日益破坏自然栖息地，在密集的城市环境中形成残留的生态系统。然而，城市嵌入和内部环境异质性如何共同影响植被层的生物多样性仍然知之甚少。以贵阳市12座喀斯特残山为研究对象，采用空间核密度分析方法，将其划分为无、低、中、高4个包埋等级。基于植物高度、胸径（DBH）和覆盖度特征以及地形变量，对乔木、灌木和草本层的物种多样性（丰富度，Shannon, Simpson, Pielou）和功能多样性（功能丰富度（FRic）、均匀度（FEve）、散度（FDiv）、离散度（FDis）和Rao’s二次熵（RaoQ））进行了量化。树木多样性随着嵌入的增加而下降，FRic和FDiv的减少表明性状向较少的竞争优势物种趋同。灌木的功能丰富度和多样性明显减少，表明生态位同质化。相比之下，在较高的嵌入下，草本植物显示出更高的FRic，这反映了耐扰动物种的定植，尽管FEve和RaoQ的下降表明性状分布不均匀，稳定性降低。在所有地层中，物种和功能多样性沿嵌入梯度减弱，标志着分类和功能维度的脱钩。冗余分析和PLS-SEM显示，海拔、坡度和岩石暴露是物种和功能多样性的最大驱动因素，通过环境过滤对性状表达起作用。研究表明，城市嵌入降低了喀斯特生态系统的生物多样性，改变了喀斯特生态系统的功能性状策略。研究结果强调了生境异质性在缓冲城市压力方面的重要性，并为指导碎片化城市景观中生物多样性保护提供了一个基于特征的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Support vector machine and artificial neural network in site index estimation for Eucalyptus plantations in MG state, Brazil 支持向量机与人工神经网络在巴西MG州桉树人工林立地指数评价中的应用

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123476

Maike Vieira Drosdosky , Gabriela Cristina Costa Silva , Lucas Sérgio de Sousa Lopes , Evandro Ferreira da Silva , Deivison Venicio Souza , Helio Garcia Leite

In view of the expansion of planted forest areas, it is essential to adopt accurate methods for assessing productive capacity. The guide curve method is the most widely used technique for this purpose. However, other approaches have been introduced, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This study analyzed the effectiveness of SVM and ANN in predicting the site index (S) of Eucalyptus forest stands in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thirteen input variable combinations were defined, including climatic and dendrometric data. Four kernel functions and two loss functions were evaluated for SVM, and five activation functions with variations in the number of hidden layer neurons were tested for ANN. The output variable for both SVM and ANN was the site index determined using the guide curve method. ANN yielded the highest correlations between predicted and observed values (r_ŷ.y > 0.9) and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) in ten out of thirteen combinations. Including the height of dominant and codominant trees in the models resulted in higher accuracy for both SVM and ANN. The final classification of stands by SVM and ANN was identical to that obtained using the guide curve method. Therefore, it was concluded that both techniques are effective in estimating the site index and classifying site productivity. Thus, it was possible to conclude that although both techniques are efficient in estimating the site index and classifying productive capacity, ANN is a more suitable tool due to its flexibility and accuracy.

鉴于人工林面积的扩大，必须采用准确的评估生产能力的方法。导曲线法是这方面应用最广泛的技术。然而，其他方法也被引入，如支持向量机（SVM）和人工神经网络（ANN）。本研究分析了支持向量机和人工神经网络预测巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州桉树林分立地指数(S)的有效性。定义了13个输入变量组合，包括气候和树木测量数据。对支持向量机评估了4个核函数和2个损失函数，对人工神经网络测试了5个随隐层神经元数量变化的激活函数。支持向量机和人工神经网络的输出变量均为采用导向曲线法确定的站点指数。人工神经网络在预测值和实测值之间产生了最高的相关性。y > 0.9)， 13种组合中有10种的均方根误差（RMSE）最低。在模型中加入优势树和共优势树的高度可以提高SVM和ANN的准确率。支持向量机和人工神经网络的最终分类结果与导曲线法的分类结果一致。结果表明，这两种方法都能有效地估算立地指数和分类立地生产力。因此，可以得出结论，尽管这两种技术在估计场地指数和分类生产能力方面都是有效的，但由于其灵活性和准确性，人工神经网络是更合适的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Severe fire has impacted populations of the California spotted owl more than fuels management or drought-related tree mortality 严重的火灾对加州斑点猫头鹰种群的影响超过了燃料管理或与干旱有关的树木死亡

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123469

Elizabeth Ming-Yue Ng , Connor M. Wood , H. Anu Kramer , Jason M. Winiarski , Kate A. McGinn , Sheila A. Whitmore , Jonathan P. Eiseman , Kevin G. Kelly , Sarah C. Sawyer , Craig Thompson , M. Zachariah Peery

Reducing fuel densities is the primary tool available to improve forest resilience to intensifying disturbance, but implementation is constrained by concern of effects to mature-forest associated species, such as spotted owls (Strix occidentalis). While the negative effects of severe fire on spotted owls are well studied, the influence of drought and fuels management on populations is uncertain, impeding fuels management. We integrated a novel dataset of California disturbance history with passive acoustic monitoring to compare the effects of severe fire, drought, and fuels management over 13 years on spotted owl occupancy across the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Spotted owls were less likely to occupy 4 km² survey sites with a greater proportion of forest that burned at high severity and sites with a greater proportion of “heavier” fuels management (>25 % canopy reduction) but were insensitive to the proportion of “lighter” fuels management (<25 % canopy reduction) at sites. Across 7161 sites in the Sierra Nevada, severe fire resulted in an estimated loss of 482 occupied sites compared to only 65 lost from heavier treatments, owing to the limited implementation of fuels management in the region. Conversely, spotted owls were more likely to occur at sites containing a greater proportion of drought or other canopy reducing disturbance, presumably because of foraging opportunities facilitated by heterogenous forest conditions. Thus, recent severe fire has had a greater negative effect on spotted owls than fuels management, underscoring the potential benefits of increasing the pace and scale of fuels management for promoting both forest resilience and conserving mature-forest species.

降低燃料密度是提高森林对日益加剧的干扰的恢复能力的主要手段，但由于担心对成熟森林伴生物种（如斑点猫头鹰）的影响，实施受到限制。虽然严重火灾对斑点猫头鹰的负面影响已经得到了很好的研究，但干旱和燃料管理对种群的影响是不确定的，这阻碍了燃料管理。我们将加利福尼亚干扰历史的新数据集与被动声学监测相结合，比较了13年来严重火灾、干旱和燃料管理对美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉斑点猫头鹰占用率的影响。斑点猫头鹰不太可能占据4 km2的调查地点，这些地点的森林在高严重程度和“较重”燃料管理比例较大（>； 25% %冠层减少），但对“较轻”燃料管理比例（<； 25% %冠层减少）不敏感。在内华达山脉的7161个地点，严重的火灾估计造成482个被占用地点的损失，相比之下，由于该地区燃料管理的执行有限，较重的处理只造成65个损失。相反，斑点猫头鹰更有可能出现在干旱或其他减少林冠干扰的地方，可能是因为异质性森林条件促进了觅食机会。因此，与燃料管理相比，最近的严重火灾对斑点猫头鹰的负面影响更大，这强调了增加燃料管理的速度和规模对促进森林恢复力和保护成熟森林物种的潜在好处。

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引用次数: 0