Forest Ecology and Management最新文献

{"title":"Evidence for a browse subsidy on linear disturbances in Alberta’s oil sands region","authors":"Spencer C. Quayle,&nbsp;Scott E. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic lines are linear clearings created for petroleum exploration and are common in the western Canadian boreal forest. By favouring the growth of early seral vegetation, they can increase the abundance and palatability of woody browse, a ‘browse subsidy’ that may attract ungulates like moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) and white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>), the main prey of wolves. Peatlands traditionally served as refugia from wolves for boreal woodland caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>), but such subsidies may facilitate disturbance-mediated apparent competition, whereby predator activity associated with deer and moose raises incidental predation risk to caribou. We tested this ’browse subsidy’ hypothesis by comparing availability and proportional use of palatable winter browse on seismic lines and adjacent undisturbed forest plots across a gradient from upland to peatland forest in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Seventeen seismic lines were sampled, each with four paired plots across an ecological gradient from upland to peatland. Each plot pair compared the seismic line with the adjacent undisturbed forest. Seismic lines averaged 5.0 more highly palatable stems per 10 m2 (61.5 % more) than adjacent forest plots, while the proportion of stems browsed by deer and moose was 59.2 % higher on lines and increased with browse stem density. However, even after accounting for increases in browse availability, browse use remained higher on seismic lines relative to the adjacent forest, indicating selection of seismic lines by deer and moose. These results suggest that browse subsidy on seismic lines may contribute to disturbance-mediated apparent competition and declines in caribou, particularly where subsidies occur in or adjacent to peatland caribou refugia. Targeted restoration of high-subsidy lines could reduce deer and moose activity in these areas and thus potentially reduce predation risk for caribou.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of heat tolerance by iron chlorine E6 in “84 K” poplar tissue culture seedlings: A study coupled with metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis","authors":"Haiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiao Xu ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zheng ,&nbsp;Chun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihui Wei ,&nbsp;Xu Qiao ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Tingting Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Populus</em> spp, vital fast-growing timber and ecological restoration trees globally, have growth and survival directly linked to forest ecosystem stability. With global warming intensifying heat stress events, Populus often faces growth inhibition, membrane damage, and metabolic disorders, threatening forest resilience. Iron chloride E6, a novel plant growth regulator, shows potential in enhancing stress resistance. This study aimed to improve thermotolerance of “84 K” poplar tissue cultured seedlings by screening optimal ICE6 concentration and elucidating its mechanism. Phenotypic observation initially screened concentrations from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/mL, with 0.04 μg/mL selected. High temperature stress tests measured physiological indices (chlorophyll, root activity, malondialdehyde, osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes). Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, along with gene expression profiling, were conducted. Results showed 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 significantly promoted seedling growth. Under stress, it reduced MDA accumulation, slowed relative conductivity increase, and enhanced osmotic and antioxidant capacities. Transcriptomics identified 3789 differentially expressed genes, while metabolomics detected 819 differentially accumulated metabolites. Key genes correlated with dehydroascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo-<span>L</span>-gulonic acid. Mechanistically, 0.04 μg/mL ICE6 maintained membrane integrity, alleviated oxidative damage, boosted antioxidants, and upregulated sugars/proline. Regulation involved hormone signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid related antioxidant metabolism. This study represents the first application of ICE6 in the large-scale propagation system of poplar tissue-cultured plantlets, filling a research gap in the use of novel regulators for stress resistance in forest tree tissue-cultured plantlets. By analyzing key targets mediating heat tolerance via ICE6 at transcriptional and metabolic levels, it provides insights for genetic improvement of poplar stress resistance from these dual perspectives. Furthermore, this work lays a theoretical and technical foundation for directional regulation of stress resistance during industrial production of tissue-cultured plantlets, ultimately contributing to enhancing the resilience of forest ecosystems under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of weather cycles on cone harvesting for six coniferous species in Czech forest management","authors":"Václav Šimůnek ,&nbsp;Václav Trojan ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Vacek ,&nbsp;Stanislav Vacek ,&nbsp;Jan Cukor ,&nbsp;Michal Bledý ,&nbsp;Vilém Podrázský ,&nbsp;Jan Stejskal ,&nbsp;Vojtěch Hájek ,&nbsp;Josef Gallo ,&nbsp;Pavel Brabec ,&nbsp;Lenka Lehnerová ,&nbsp;Alžběta Pařízková","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest tree fructification cycles play a key role in planning the production of planting material and artificial regeneration of forests, especially in the context of changing climatic conditions. Cone harvest data reflects underlying reproductive cycles, but volumes are also influenced by seed demand and forest management decisions. Nevertheless, cone harvest remains a valuable proxy in forestry, as it reflects the availability of reproductive material essential for regeneration planning and nursery production. This comprehensive study analyzes the influence of temperature, precipitation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the cone collection of seed material for four native Central European (Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, European larch) and two introduced (Douglas-fir and grand fir) coniferous species. The quantity of cones harvested in the entire territory of the Czech Republic in 2004–2022 ranged from 78.7 to 396.9 t·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹. The most intensively harvested tree species in the Czech Republic, Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> [L.] Karst.), shows the most pronounced 2 and 3-year cycles, with a complementary 7-year cycle, with precipitation in April and October and lower temperatures playing a crucial role. Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) dominates by 2.5 and 3.5-year cycles, influenced by precipitation in August and September and lower temperatures in September. Silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) shows 2.3-year cycles aligned with June precipitation, while European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em> Mill.) is influenced by the NAO, typically in 2-year cycles. Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> [Mirbel] Franco) exhibits 2.2-year cycles linked to July precipitation and NAO in June, while grand fir (<em>Abies grandis</em> [Douglas ex D. Don] Lindley) exhibits 2.5-year cycles matching July precipitation. Of the forest tree species analyzed, Scots pine showed the highest correlation with the factors studied, while European larch had the lowest. The results show that tree seed crop cycles are strongly influenced by climatic fluctuations, which is essential for effective forest management. However, the 19-year dataset limits confidence in detecting longer-term cycles. Higher harvest volumes in species like Douglas-fir, grand fir and European larch are additionally affected by increased collection efforts. Understanding tree fructification cycles is crucial for planning, as climatic variations significantly affect reproductive success and the availability of planting material. Monthly variations in weather patterns notably affect the cone harvesting cycles of forest tree species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyllosphere microbiome-physicochemical dynamics shape nitrogen resorption efficiency divergence during leaf senescence in subtropical forests of southern China","authors":"Bing Xue,&nbsp;Guoping Tang,&nbsp;Zhongkai Ren,&nbsp;Linwei Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaobin Li,&nbsp;Yuqi Li,&nbsp;Nan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phyllosphere microbiomes are essential to maintaining ecological balance and supporting host plant growth. It remains unclear how microbiomes, leaf traits and soil conditions synergistically regulate the nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NRE) during leaf senescence across forest types. We examined 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing to characterize the composition, diversity, function of the phyllosphere (epiphytic and endophytic) microbiome in both mature and senescent leaves in three representative subtropical forests, namely broadleaf, coniferous, and bamboo forests. Concurrently, the leaf physicochemical traits and soil nutrient and water were characterized. This study demonstrates community divergence was more significant in fungi than in bacteria across forest types. Furthermore, epiphytic communities exhibited stronger difference than endophytic communities. Regarding responsiveness to senescence, bacterial communities in broadleaf leaves were more sensitive than fungi, whereas fungi showed greater sensitivity in coniferous and bamboo leaves. There were significant differences in NRE among broadleaf (54.13 %), coniferous (45.09 %), and bamboo (39.78 %) forests. NRE in broadleaf forest depends on synergistic microbial metabolism, is constrained by benefit-risk trade-offs in coniferous forest, and is prone to resorption efficiency decline in bamboo forest due to multifactorial effects. This study proposes a tripartite coupling concept of \"leaf traits-microbial functions-nitrogen resorption efficiency\", which provides novel insights for forest nutrient cycling processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top predators respond to post-fire logging: a trait-based approach","authors":"Quel Vilalta-Clapés ,&nbsp;Roger Puig-Gironès ,&nbsp;Adrià Bellvert ,&nbsp;Carles Tobella ,&nbsp;Pere Pons","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complete wood extraction is a widespread salvage logging practice after wildfire, implemented to obtain economical benefit and to reduce the risk of pest outbreaks. Such intense logging can strongly affect the ecosystem natural succession. In response, new sustainable approaches have been proposed to minimize impacts while still providing economical returns. In this study, we conducted a seven-year experiment to analyse the effects of different intensities of post-fire logging on vegetation structure and ground-level spider communities. We applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to test the effects of treatments and years since fire on vegetation structure, and spider functional traits. The most pronounced differences across logging treatments were observed in vegetation recovery, with sustainable practices promoting intermediate levels of regeneration between no intervention and conventional logging. Intense conventional logging tended to amplify the effects of fire on spider functional traits, whereas more sustainable logging practices facilitated a recovery trajectory more closely aligned with non-intervention. Measures such as the construction of woody piles proved particularly important during the early post-fire years, providing refuges that supported the initial recovery of spider communities. Overall, our findings highlight the effectiveness of sustainable techniques in balancing the economic benefits of logging with the need to minimize environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) exacerbates microbial phosphorus limitation in subtropical forests","authors":"Yu Su ,&nbsp;Wanying Chen ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Meng ,&nbsp;Jintuo Zou ,&nbsp;Yanqiong Li ,&nbsp;Andi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of moso bamboo (<em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>) is becoming increasingly common in subtropical forests, where low soil phosphorus (P) availability often constrains ecosystem productivity. Yet, it remains unclear how this expansion alters soil P availability and microbial metabolic P limitations. Here, we selected an expansion gradient in a natural forest region in southern China, consisting of a broadleaved forest (no expansion), a broadleaf–bamboo mixed forest (moderate expansion), and a pure moso bamboo forest (complete expansion). We measured soil P availability, physicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities, and plant stoichiometry. We found that compared to broadleaved trees, moso bamboo maintained comparable P levels in leaves and twigs but exhibited significantly lower P concentrations in roots and reduced available P in the rhizosphere. This indicates that moso bamboo possesses a highly efficient strategy for P uptake and internal translocation to support rapid growth. Importantly, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in rhizosphere soil revealed that microbial P limitation in the rhizosphere intensified with the degree of expansion. These results indicate that the superior P acquisition strategy of bamboo depletes rhizosphere P, thereby exacerbating P limitation for soil microbes and potentially creating a competitive disadvantage for neighboring broadleaved species. Our study suggests that moso bamboo not only competes for P but also exacerbates microbial P starvation by altering the soil environment, potentially triggering cascading effects on key ecosystem processes such as nutrient supply and organic matter decomposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Decline in regeneration capacity in mature forests across Great Britain” [For. Ecol. Manag. 603 (2026) 123468]","authors":"Bruno Barcante Ladvocat Cintra ,&nbsp;Rodrigo S. Bergamin ,&nbsp;Rachel Mailes ,&nbsp;Roel Brienen ,&nbsp;Estrella Luna ,&nbsp;Angus Rob MacKenzie ,&nbsp;Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cacao agroforests as foraging grounds for two bat species in southern Bahia, Brazil","authors":"Enée Gottschalk ,&nbsp;Bruno Vilela ,&nbsp;Karla Vieira Morato ,&nbsp;Deborah Faria","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities have significantly altered natural ecosystems, particularly through habitat loss and fragmentation in tropical regions. In southern Bahia, Brazil, cacao agroforests are widespread and provide important habitats for biodiversity amidst these changes. This study investigates the habitat use and dietary preferences of two frugivorous bat species, <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> and <em>Rhinophylla pumilio</em>, within these systems. We recorded 637 individuals of <em>C. perspicillata</em> and 66 of <em>R</em>. <em>pumilio</em> across 18 sampling sites, revealing that <em>C. perspicillata</em> is more abundant and adaptable to habitat heterogeneity, while <em>R. pumilio</em> shows a narrower distribution and specialized habitat preferences. <em>Piper</em>, a native herbaceous plant genus, was crucial to both species’ diets, being most frequently detected in <em>C. perspicillata</em> fecal samples (present in 94.4 % of sites) and also identified in <em>R. pumilio</em> samples. The strong association between <em>Piper</em> abundance and bat presence underscores its ecological importance in agroforestry landscapes. Additionally, <em>C. perspicillata</em> abundance increased with edge areas within a 500 m buffer, whereas <em>R. pumilio</em> responded better to localized features at a smaller scale (200 m). Other habitat metrics, such as forest cover, did not significantly impact bat abundance, suggesting that localized plant availability may be more critical for <em>R. pumilio.</em> These findings highlight the need to promote the retention of native flora, particularly <em>Piper</em>, within cacao agroforestry systems to enhance habitat quality for bats. Conserving native vegetation that support food resources like Piper at small to intermediate scales can support bat populations and, therefore, the essential ecosystem services they provide, such as seed dispersal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural peatlands as buffers for protection of water quality in boreal forested catchments","authors":"Mika Nieminen ,&nbsp;Tapani Sallantaus ,&nbsp;Sakari Sarkkola","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retention and release of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, aluminum and iron by natural peatlands were studied in forested catchments in Finland. Peatlands were capable of retaining all other elements from their through-flow waters, except iron. However, relatively large mires (&gt;50 % of the catchment area) from the viewpoint of routing runoff from managed forests to natural peatlands as a water management option were needed for efficient retention of nitrogen and organic carbon (&gt;30–50 % retention). In contrast, aluminium and phosphorus were efficiently retained by relatively small peatlands (5–10 % of catchment area). We conclude that natural and well-established restored peatlands may be used in operational forestry as an efficient means to decrease phosphorus and aluminium loads, but the management of nitrogen, organic carbon, and iron loads by such peatlands may not be as feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burn severity across forest types and burning conditions for forest treatments on the southern rockies Front Range","authors":"Sarah L. Hettema ,&nbsp;Camille Stevens-Rumann ,&nbsp;Hannah Van Dusen ,&nbsp;Mike A. Battaglia ,&nbsp;Anthony G. Vorster ,&nbsp;Jens Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As extreme wildfire events become more frequent, understanding how forest treatments interact with wildfire is increasingly critical. However, assessing wildfire-treatment outcomes is challenging due to interactions among treatments, weather, topography, and fuels. We investigated wildfires from southern Wyoming to northern New Mexico to evaluate under what conditions treatments reduce the ecological impacts of fire, as measured by remotely sensed burn severity. We determined (1) factors influencing the relationship between treatments and burn severity, (2) how burn severity differed across forest and treatment types, and (3) how extreme burning conditions influenced outcomes. Treatment effects varied by forest types, with generally lower burn severity outcomes in lower elevation, frequent fire forest types compared to spruce - fir and lodgepole pine (higher elevation, infrequent fire) forests. Areas that previously burned at low to moderate severity or with prescribed fire had the lowest burn severity outcomes across forest types and even during extreme burning conditions. In contrast, treatments without fire (tree removal and/or surface fuels reduction) had mixed effects across forest types and had equivalent burn severity to untreated areas in infrequent fire forests during extreme burning conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}