Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第4页

Interactive effects of tree diversity, tree identity and management on generalist predator taxonomic and functional diversity 树木多样性、树木身份和管理对通才捕食者分类和功能多样性的交互影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123462

Dragan Matevski , Julia Imola Piko , Clemens Dönges , Andreas Schuldt

Stand diversification can increase structural and resource diversity, benefitting multitrophic diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, for higher trophic level organisms such as spiders, ambiguous tree diversity effects have been reported. Instead, tree species composition seems more relevant, especially in species-poor forests, where individual tree species contribute strongly to habitat complexity. Spiders might benefit from management interventions directly targeting stand structure, but such interventions have rarely been studied together with the effects of tree diversity and identity. In a temperate tree diversity experiment comprising four economically and ecologically relevant species (European beech, sessile oak, Norway spruce, and Douglas fir) we compared effects of tree species richness, tree identity, recent management (thinning with deadwood retention), and their interactions on epigeal spider abundance, taxonomic and functional diversity. In our study, tree diversity had no direct effects on spider diversity. However, some tree identity effects were only apparent in monocultures. Tree species identity was a key driver: Sessile oak promoted spider abundance, while Norway spruce promoted diversity, likely due to differences in stand structure. By comparing our study to findings from sites of varying ages, we conclude that tree identity effects change with stand structural development. Thus, predators can benefit from mixed-species stands even when direct tree diversity effects are absent, as mixtures can temper temporary negative tree identity effects. Moreover, moderate management during early stand development can enhance structural diversity, thereby promoting biodiversity and top-down control potential.

林分多样化可以增加结构和资源多样性，有利于多营养多样性和生态系统功能。然而，对于更高营养水平的生物，如蜘蛛，树木多样性的影响是模糊的。相反，树种组成似乎更相关，特别是在物种贫乏的森林中，单个树种对栖息地复杂性的贡献很大。蜘蛛可能从直接针对林分结构的管理干预中受益，但这种干预很少与树木多样性和身份的影响一起研究。在一项由欧洲山毛榉、无柄栎、挪威云杉和花旗松组成的温带树种多样性实验中，我们比较了树种丰富度、树种特性、近期管理（保留枯木疏伐）及其相互作用对蜘蛛数量、分类和功能多样性的影响。在我们的研究中，树木多样性对蜘蛛多样性没有直接影响。然而，某些树的同一性效应仅在单一栽培中表现出来。树种身份是一个关键的驱动因素：无柄橡树促进了蜘蛛的丰度，而挪威云杉促进了蜘蛛的多样性，这可能是由于林分结构的差异。通过与不同林龄立地的研究结果进行比较，我们得出结论：树种身份效应随着林分结构的发展而变化。因此，即使没有直接的树木多样性效应，捕食者也可以从混合物种群落中受益，因为混合可以缓和暂时的负面树木同一性效应。此外，林分发育早期的适度管理可以增强结构多样性，从而促进生物多样性和自上而下的控制潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Structural complexity trumps taxonomic diversity in sustaining forest multifunctionality under environmental change 结构复杂性胜过分类多样性在环境变化下维持森林的多功能性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123470

Yue Gu , Zhijie Chen , Junhui Zhang , Shijie Han

Forest ecosystems support multiple key functions, but global change may potentially restructure the interactions among these functions. Although taxonomic diversity (i.e., species richness) has long been recognized as a critical factor in sustaining ecosystem functions, the relative importance of structural complexity and functional traits to multifunctionality and their relationships with environmental gradients across large regional scales remain unexplored. This study focuses on the largest temperate forest area in Asia, covering 3110 sampling plots and multiple diversity dimensions. We observed that structural diversity potentially promoted forest multifunctionality to a greater degree than tree species richness. Complementary and selection effects (i.e., low-defensive tree traits) jointly drive multifunctionality. Climate and soil factors influence multifunctionality through both direct and indirect effects on tree diversity. Our results highlight that constructing complex stand structures to potentially maximize forest multifunctionality and resist environmental change, especially in high-latitude forests, is essential for achieving sustainable forest management and biodiversity protection.

森林生态系统支持多种关键功能，但全球变化可能会重构这些功能之间的相互作用。虽然分类多样性（即物种丰富度）长期以来被认为是维持生态系统功能的关键因素，但结构复杂性和功能特征对多功能性的相对重要性及其与大区域尺度环境梯度的关系仍未得到探索。本研究以亚洲最大的温带森林为研究对象，覆盖3110个样地，多样性维度多样。我们发现，结构多样性比树种丰富度更能促进森林的多功能性。互补和选择效应（即低防御树的性状）共同推动了多功能性。气候和土壤因子通过直接和间接作用影响树木多样性的多功能性。我们的研究结果表明，构建复杂的林分结构以最大限度地发挥森林的多功能性和抵抗环境变化，对于实现森林可持续经营和生物多样性保护至关重要，特别是在高纬度森林中。

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引用次数: 0

High resolution LiDAR and environmental variables enable fine scale predictions of hollow-bearing tree abundance across a complex temperate forest landscape 高分辨率激光雷达和环境变量可以在复杂的温带森林景观中精确地预测空心树木的丰度

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123440

Ruizhu Jiang , Craig R. Nitschke , Raphael Trouvé , Jemma K. Cripps , Louise K. Durkin , Lindy F. Lumsden , Jenny L. Nelson , Michael P. Scroggie , Andrew P. Robinson , Patrick J. Baker

Hollow-bearing trees (HBTs) provide a critical habitat resource for hollow-dependent animals, many of which are threatened due to a range of natural and human disturbances. Developing strategic conservation plans for HBT-dependant fauna requires an understanding of the spatial distribution of HBTs across multiple scales. Historically, landscape-scale estimates of HBT abundance have been based on extrapolations from much smaller areas where they have been directly observed. Remote-sensing technologies that provide high-resolution data at large spatial scales have the potential to improve the quality and coverage of HBT estimates across complex forested landscapes. In this study we used high-resolution, LiDAR-based metrics of forest structure and topography, coupled with detailed ground-based assessments of HBT abundance and environmental covariates, to develop predictive models of HBT abundance across ∼340,000 ha of temperate forest in southeastern Australia. Our analyses estimated a mean density of 4.4 (95 % CI: 3.7 – 5.1) HBT per ha across the study region. The abundance of different HBT form classes varied substantially by forest tenure and vegetation type. Our analyses identified complex relationships between the abundance of HBTs and key environmental and forest structural predictors that reflect how fine-scale variability in environmental conditions, disturbance history, and forest management practices within complex landscapes influence HBT abundance and occurrence. High-resolution, spatially explicit remote-sensing data can be used to provide rigorous empirical estimates of the distribution and abundance of HBTs in complex forested landscapes. These are critical to informing conservation and forest management planning to ensure long-term continuity of HBTs within these landscapes.

空心树为依赖空心的动物提供了重要的栖息地资源，其中许多动物由于一系列自然和人为干扰而受到威胁。为依赖hbt的动物制定战略保护计划需要了解hbt在多个尺度上的空间分布。从历史上看，对HBT丰度的景观尺度估计是基于直接观察到的小得多的区域的外推。提供大空间尺度高分辨率数据的遥感技术有可能改善复杂森林景观中HBT估算的质量和覆盖范围。在这项研究中，我们使用了高分辨率、基于激光雷达的森林结构和地形指标，再加上对HBT丰度和环境协变量的详细地面评估，建立了澳大利亚东南部温带森林中340,000 ha HBT丰度的预测模型。我们的分析估计整个研究区域的平均密度为每公顷4.4(95 % CI: 3.7 - 5.1) HBT。不同森林权属和植被类型的HBT形态类的丰度差异很大。我们的分析确定了高通量生物多样性与关键环境和森林结构预测因子之间的复杂关系，这些预测因子反映了复杂景观中环境条件、干扰历史和森林管理实践的精细变异性如何影响高通量生物多样性和发生。高分辨率、空间明确的遥感数据可用于对复杂森林景观中HBTs的分布和丰度提供严格的经验估计。这对于为保护和森林管理规划提供信息，以确保这些景观内HBTs的长期连续性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Generalist rather than specialist ants drive the recovery of ant-mediated plant protection across secondary succession in a dry tropical forest 在干旱热带森林次生演替中，多面手蚁而非专业蚁推动了蚂蚁介导植物保护的恢复

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123472

Jônatas L. Gomes-da-Silva , Talita Câmara , Diego Centeno-Alvarado , Xavier Arnan , Inara R. Leal , Fernanda M.P. Oliveira

Tropical dry forests are highly threatened, and their recovery after disturbance is often constrained mainly by insect herbivory. Interactions between ants and extrafloral nectary (EFN)-bearing plants provide protection against herbivores, but how this service recovers during succession in Caatinga dry forests remains unclear. We examined ant–EFN-bearing plant interactions and their role in plant protection during secondary succession in a Caatinga dry forest. We employed a space-for-time chronosequence approach, encompassing 14 plots along a successional gradient (i.e., biomass), including 10 regenerating forest stands following slash-and-burn agriculture and four old-growth forest stands. In each stand, we assessed ant and EFN-bearing plant species richness, interaction frequency, and plant protection service effectiveness (i.e., simulated herbivore attack rates), both for the entire community and separately for three microhabitat ant groups: arboreal specialists, arboreal generalists, and ground-nesting ants. We observed 533 ant–EFN-bearing plant interactions, involving 18 ant and 16 plant species. Species richness and interaction frequency did not vary along successional stages, but attack rates increased. Interaction frequency was lower in regenerating than in old-growth forests, whereas other variables showed no consistent differences between forest types. Ground-nesting and arboreal generalist ants maintained stable interaction frequencies and attack rates across succession stages. Arboreal specialists, on the other hand, had higher attack rates in advanced succession but lower ones in regenerating compared to old-growth stands. These results indicate a potential recovery of plant protection service mediated by non-specialist ants during succession. This is noteworthy in the context of dry forests, where herbivory strongly constrains recovery and EFN-bearing plants are widespread.

热带干旱林受到严重威胁，其恢复往往主要受昆虫食草性的制约。蚂蚁与花外蜜（EFN）植物之间的相互作用提供了对食草动物的保护，但这种服务如何在演替过程中恢复尚不清楚。研究了Caatinga干旱林次生演替过程中植物间抗- efn相互作用及其在植物保护中的作用。我们采用了时空时序方法，包括沿演替梯度（即生物量）的14个样地，包括10个刀耕火种农业的再生林分和4个原生林分。在每个林分中，我们评估了蚂蚁和efn植物物种丰富度、相互作用频率和植物保护服务效率（即模拟食草动物攻击率），包括整个群落和三个微栖息地蚂蚁群体：树栖专家、树栖通才和地面筑巢蚂蚁。我们观察到533种植物与efn的相互作用，涉及18种蚂蚁和16种植物。物种丰富度和相互作用频率在演替阶段没有变化，但攻击率呈上升趋势。更新林的相互作用频率低于原生林，而其他变量在不同林型之间没有一致的差异。地面筑巢蚁和树栖通才蚁在演替阶段保持稳定的交互频率和攻击率。另一方面，乔木专科林在早期演替中有较高的攻击率，而在再生中则较低。这些结果表明，在演替过程中，非专业蚂蚁介导的植物保护服务有可能恢复。这在干旱森林的情况下是值得注意的，在干旱森林中，食草性强烈地限制了恢复，而含efn的植物广泛存在。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation of recurring defoliation by multiple insects shows lasting consequences for carbon storage in temperate oak forests 多种昆虫反复落叶的模拟显示了温带栎林碳储存的持久后果

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123450

Jane R. Foster , Robert M. Scheller , Brian R. Sturtevant , Philip A. Townsend , Brian Miranda , David J. Mladenoff

Insect defoliation outbreaks are dynamic forest disturbances that alter species composition and carbon balance. In the Central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A., the invasive spongy moth (SM, Lymantria dispar L., formerly called gypsy moth) has been spreading and impacting oak forests for 45 years, yet much about how its outbreaks compound the effects of native defoliator inhabitants remains unknown. We developed a model to simulate insect defoliation and project long-term consequences on forest biomass and composition. The model incorporates outbreak spatial dynamics derived from Landsat data and implements species-specific tree-growth and mortality responses. We used this model with the LANDIS-II forest change model to simulate forest dynamics over 400 years in a managed forest in western Maryland, with and without SM defoliation, to quantify changes that follow invasion. Additional scenarios included a native defoliator, forest tent caterpillar (FTC, Malacosoma disstria Hbn.), to examine how multiple defoliators alter disturbance outcomes. Results showed that SM invasion changed forest species composition in unexpected ways. Shade tolerant species increased less after SM invaded, even though they were not preferred hosts, due to their proximity to neighboring host species. Forest carbon was temporarily reduced following individual outbreaks, and long-term aboveground C was lower (by 7.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ on average), with SM than without. Changes in forest aboveground C stocks were more pronounced when a native defoliator was included, particularly when outbreaks synchronized. Interacting insect disturbances have significant consequences for forest C storage and should be incorporated into our growing understanding of C dynamics at landscape scales.

昆虫落叶的爆发是动态的森林扰动，改变物种组成和碳平衡。在美国中部的阿巴拉契亚山脉，入侵的海绵蛾（SM, Lymantria dispar L.，以前被称为舞毒蛾）已经蔓延并影响了橡树林45年，然而，关于它的爆发如何复合了本地剥叶虫居民的影响仍然未知。我们开发了一个模型来模拟昆虫落叶，并预测对森林生物量和组成的长期影响。该模型结合了从Landsat数据得出的爆发空间动态，并实现了特定物种的树木生长和死亡率响应。我们将该模型与LANDIS-II森林变化模型结合使用，模拟了马里兰州西部一个管理森林400多年来的森林动态，在有和没有SM落叶的情况下，量化了入侵后的变化。其他场景包括原生的落叶虫，森林帐篷毛虫（FTC, Malacosoma disstrihbn .），以检查多种落叶虫如何改变干扰结果。结果表明，SM入侵以意想不到的方式改变了森林物种组成。SM入侵后，即使不是首选寄主，耐阴物种的增加也较少，因为它们与邻近寄主物种接近。在个别暴发后，森林碳暂时减少，长期地上碳减少（平均减少7.2 Mg C ha - 1），与没有SM相比。当包括一种本地落叶动物时，森林地上碳储量的变化更为明显，特别是当疫情同步发生时。相互作用的昆虫干扰对森林碳储量有重要影响，应纳入我们对景观尺度上碳动态的日益增长的理解。

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引用次数: 0

European beech decline in Slovenia is caused by a complex disease 斯洛文尼亚欧洲山毛榉的减少是由一种复杂的疾病引起的

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123464

Nikica Ogris , Ana Brglez , Andreja Kavčič , Janja Zajc Žunič , Maarten de Groot , Barbara Piškur

In recent decades, the average crown defoliation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Central Europe has been steadily increasing, resulting in a decline in tree vitality. This study aimed to identify the key factors contributing to this deterioration. Forty healthy and 40 damaged European beech trees were felled on a systematic 16 × 16 km grid, and all tree parts were sampled for fungi and insects. Additionally, soil samples were collected for Phytophthora testing. Of 6400 cultured samples, 5828 fungal cultures were classified into 251 morphotypes. The twenty most frequent morphotypes from each tree part were selected for further molecular identification, revealing 44 different fungal taxa. The most frequently isolated fungal species were Neonectria coccinea, Neohendersonia kickxii, Apiognomonia errabunda and Aureobasidium pullulans—all well-known and common endophytes. Surprisingly, Phytophthora species were detected in only three of the 80 soil samples. The most frequent insect species were Orchestes fagi, Phyllaphis fagi, Psilocorsis reflexella and Phyllonorycter maestingella. The results indicate that the decline of European beech in Central Europe is driven by a multifaceted interplay of biotic and abiotic factors, with fungi playing the most significant role. Analysis revealed distinct differences in fungal and insect communities across sampled tree parts, but not between healthy and damaged trees. This finding is crucial, as it shows that healthy trees host endophytes that can exhibit pathogenic traits under external stress factors. Therefore, resilience and sustainability of beech will depend on mitigation of stressors and implementation of adaptive management strategies that address the evolving environmental challenges.

近几十年来，中欧欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）的平均树冠脱落量稳步增加，导致树木活力下降。本研究旨在确定导致这种恶化的关键因素。在系统的16 × 16 km网格上砍伐了40棵健康的欧洲山毛榉树和40棵受损的欧洲山毛榉树，并对所有树木进行了真菌和昆虫取样。另外，采集土壤样品进行疫霉检测。在6400个培养样品中，5828个真菌培养物被划分为251个形态型。从每个树部分中选取20个最常见的形态进行进一步的分子鉴定，揭示了44个不同的真菌分类群。最常分离到的真菌种类是新球菌（Neonectria coccinea）、kickxii新亨德索菌（Neohendersonia kickxii）、错误蜂蚜（Apiognomonia err丰）和pululansauobasidium，它们都是众所周知的常见内生真菌。令人惊讶的是，在80个土壤样品中仅检测到疫霉物种。最常见的昆虫种类为fagi Orchestes、Phyllaphis fagi、Psilocorsis reflexella和Phyllonorycter maestingella。结果表明，中欧地区欧洲山毛榉的衰落是由生物和非生物因素多方面的相互作用驱动的，其中真菌起着最重要的作用。分析显示，真菌和昆虫群落在采样的树木部分之间存在明显差异，但在健康和受损树木之间没有差异。这一发现是至关重要的，因为它表明健康树木的内生菌在外部胁迫因素下可以表现出致病特性。因此，山毛榉的复原力和可持续性将取决于缓解压力源和实施应对不断变化的环境挑战的适应性管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking acidification: A 3:7 Chinese Fir–Phoebe mixture maximizes soil multifunctionality by elevating AK/AP and urease/catalase 打破酸化：3:7的杉木-菲比混合物通过提高AK/AP和脲酶/过氧化氢酶，最大限度地提高土壤的多功能

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123473

Yihang Jiang , Na Liu , Jun Chen , Honglin Pan , Sophan Chhin , Jianguo Zhang , Weidong Zhang , Xiongqing Zhang

Soil multifunctionality (SMF) underpins forest productivity, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, yet long-term Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) monocultures commonly drive understory impoverishment, soil acidification, and nutrient imbalance. We tested whether uneven-aged, stratified mixing with Phoebe bournei can break acidification and enhance the mechanistic levers of SMF. In subtropical South China, we compared three targeted mixture ratios of Chinese fir: P. bournei—T1 (3:7), T2 (4:6), T3 (5:5)—against a pure fir control (CK). We surveyed understory diversity and quantified soil chemistry and enzyme activities to construct an SMF index and identify drivers (linear models; random forests). Mixed stands markedly increased understory diversity (herb-layer Shannon–Wiener +106.8–138.6 %; shrub richness +80.0–177.8 %), but SMF gains were primarily mechanistic rather than diversity-driven. Relative to CK, T1 (3:7) produced the strongest improvement in soil conditions, alleviating acidification and markedly enhancing nutrient bioavailability. Soil pH increased by 14.5 %, available P (AP) by 235.9 %, and urease (URE) activity by 1073.3 %, accompanied by consistent increases in available K (AK) and catalase (CAT). Across treatments, SMF related positively to total N, AK, CAT, and pH (all P < 0.001), and negatively to Chinese fir stand density (i.e., the number of Chinese fir per hectare; P < 0.05). Random forests ranked AK, AP, CAT, URE, and pH as the top predictors of SMF, outperforming understory diversity metrics and bulk pools. SMF tended to increase under mixtures, with T1 consistently highest and showing the strongest acidification relief. We conclude that uneven-aged, stratified mixing optimizes the functional levers of SMF by elevating available nutrients and key C–N enzymes and by reducing fir density effects, with the 3:7 mixture (T1) performing best overall. These results provide actionable guidance for mixing ratio and density regulation to restore soils in subtropical Chinese fir plantations.

土壤多功能性（SMF）支撑着森林生产力、养分循环和碳固存，但长期杉木单一栽培通常会导致林下植被贫困化、土壤酸化和养分失衡。我们测试了不均匀年龄，分层混合菲比波尼是否可以打破酸化和提高SMF的机械杠杆。在华南亚热带地区，我们比较了杉木的三种目标混合比例：泊内杉木- t1 (3:7), T2 (4:6), T3(5:5) -与纯杉木对照（CK）。我们调查了林下植被多样性，量化了土壤化学和酶活性，构建了SMF指数，并确定了驱动因素（线性模型；随机森林）。混合林分显著增加了林下植被多样性（草本层Shannon-Wiener + 106.8-138.6 %；灌木丰富度+ 80.0-177.8 %），但SMF的增加主要是机制性的，而不是多样性驱动的。与对照相比，T1（3:7）对土壤条件的改善效果最强，缓解了酸化，显著提高了养分的生物有效性。土壤pH升高14.5 %，速效磷（AP）升高235.9 %，脲酶（URE）活性升高1073.3 %，同时速效钾（AK）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）持续升高。在不同处理中，SMF与全N、速效钾、CAT和pH呈正相关（P均为 <； 0.001），与杉木林分密度（即每公顷杉木数，P均为 <； 0.05）呈负相关。随机森林将AK、AP、CAT、URE和pH作为SMF的主要预测因子，优于林下多样性指标和bulk pool。混合条件下SMF呈增加趋势，T1始终最高，酸化缓解效果最强。我们得出结论，不均匀的分层混合通过提高有效养分和关键C-N酶以及降低杉木密度效应来优化SMF的功能杠杆，其中3:7的混合物（T1）总体表现最佳。研究结果为亚热带杉木人工林土壤恢复的配比和密度调节提供了可操作的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Corymbia: Taxonomy, productivity, resistance, and potential contributions to resilient plantation forestry 杉木属：分类、生产力、抗性及其对弹性人工林的潜在贡献

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123444

Paulo Henrique Muller Silva , Teotônio Francisco de Assis , Clayton Alcarde Alvares , Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis , Guilherme Nichele da Rocha , David John Lee

The genus Corymbia comprises species with strategic potential for forest diversification in tropical and subtropical regions. Native to Australia, key Corymbia species have evolved across diverse environmental gradients, resulting in broad ecological adaptability. This review synthesizes recent advances in taxonomy, productivity, resistance traits, industrial applications, and breeding programs, with a particular focus on developments in Brazil, Australia, and South Africa. Species from the Spotted Gum group (C. citriodora, C. variegata, C. henryi, and C. maculata), along with C. torelliana, stand out due to their relevance in interspecific hybridization strategies. While C. variegata is often considered a subspecies in some classifications, it is treated here as a distinct species due to its ecological differentiation and practical relevance in Brazilian breeding programs. Field trials of Corymbia species have revealed substantial variation in mean annual increment (between 12 and 37.6 m³ ha⁻¹), reflecting strong species/provenances-by-environments interactions. These species exhibit basic wood densities exceeding 600 kg m⁻³ and demonstrate promising performance for solid wood, essential oil, pulp, and charcoal production. However, clonal propagation remains a significant bottleneck, primarily due to limited adventitious rooting, which restricts large-scale deployment. Despite these limitations, the consistent performance of Corymbia under restrictive environmental conditions including drought, pests and its marked adaptability to climatic variability underscore its value as a genetic resource for future forestry. Although the genus possesses several promising traits, it remains commercially underutilized. Its broader deployment could play a pivotal role in enhancing the adaptability and resilience of forest plantations.

伞藓属包括在热带和亚热带地区具有森林多样化战略潜力的物种。原产于澳大利亚的伞藓主要物种已经在不同的环境梯度中进化，产生了广泛的生态适应性。本文综述了在分类、生产力、抗性性状、工业应用和育种计划方面的最新进展，重点介绍了巴西、澳大利亚和南非的进展。斑点胶组的物种（C. citriodora， C. variegata， C. henryi和C. maculata）以及C. torelliana因其在种间杂交策略中的相关性而脱颖而出。虽然在一些分类中，C. variegata通常被认为是一个亚种，但由于其生态分化和在巴西育种计划中的实际意义，它在这里被视为一个独特的物种。对Corymbia物种的田间试验揭示了其年平均增加量的巨大变化（在12到37.6 m³ha（毒血症）之间），反映了物种/种源与环境之间的强烈相互作用。这些物种的基本木材密度超过600 kg m⁻³ ，在实木、精油、纸浆和木炭生产方面表现出良好的性能。然而，克隆繁殖仍然是一个重要的瓶颈，主要是由于有限的不定根，这限制了大规模的部署。尽管存在这些限制，但在干旱、害虫等限制性环境条件下的稳定表现及其对气候变化的显著适应性突出了其作为未来林业遗传资源的价值。虽然该属具有几个有希望的特性，但它在商业上仍未得到充分利用。它的广泛部署可以在提高人工林的适应性和复原力方面发挥关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of RF and GBT models for dead fuel moisture estimation and fuel-type-specific drivers under drought conditions in Central Yunnan, China 基于RF和GBT模型的滇中干旱条件下死燃料水分估算及燃料类型驱动因素对比评价

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123458

Yuanbei Liu, Yanxia Wang, Weihong Zeng, Wenqi Zhang, Ruliang Zhou

Dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) plays a critical role in forest fire ignition and spread. However, its high spatiotemporal resolution mapping remains challenging owing to pronounced short-term variability, heterogeneous fuel responses, and nonlinear season-dependent environmental controls. Using intra-day continuous measurements collected from real woodland environments during the early and late dry seasons, this study investigated DFMC dynamics across four dead fuel types and evaluated the performance of Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) models optimized using grid search and Bayesian optimization. Statistically significant differences were detected among Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, and Quercus spp., although mean DFMC differences were small (≤4.29 %). Across seasons and fuel types, DFMC exhibited substantial variability, with the overall mean difference between the early and late dry seasons reaching 18.30 %. The maximum mean difference among fuel types was 6.68 %, observed between thin branches and humus. Model comparisons showed that GBT with Bayesian optimization achieved slightly higher predictive accuracy, whereas RF with grid search demonstrated greater robustness by more effectively limiting overfitting. During the early dry season, DFMC variations in thick branches, shrubs, and humus were predominantly controlled by topographic factors, whereas thin branches were mainly influenced by meteorological conditions. In the late dry season, the influence of topography weakened, stand-related factors became increasingly important for thick branches, thin branches and shrubs, and meteorological factors dominated humus moisture dynamics. By quantifying short-term DFMC fluctuations and identifying season- and fuel-type-dependent shifts in dominant environmental drivers, this study provides novel mechanistic insights into fine-scale DFMC dynamics and strengthens the scientific basis for high-resolution fire risk monitoring.

死燃料含水率（DFMC）对森林火灾的发生和蔓延起着至关重要的作用。然而，由于明显的短期变异性、异质燃料响应和非线性季节依赖的环境控制，其高时空分辨率制图仍然具有挑战性。本研究利用在旱季早期和晚期从真实林地环境中收集的日间连续测量数据，研究了四种死燃料类型的DFMC动态，并评估了使用网格搜索和贝叶斯优化优化的随机森林（RF）和梯度增强树（GBT）模型的性能。云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）、山地松（Pinus armandii）和栎树（Quercus spp.）的DFMC平均值差异较小（≤4.29 %），但差异有统计学意义。在不同的季节和燃料类型中，DFMC表现出很大的差异，旱季早期和晚期的总体平均差异达到18.30% %。细枝与腐殖质燃料类型间的最大平均差异为6.68 %。模型比较表明，GBT与贝叶斯优化的预测精度略高，而网格搜索的RF通过更有效地限制过拟合表现出更强的鲁棒性。干季早期，粗枝、灌木和腐殖质的DFMC变化主要受地形因素控制，而细枝的DFMC变化主要受气象条件的影响。在旱季后期，地形的影响减弱，林分相关因子对粗枝、细枝和灌木的影响日益重要，气象因子主导腐殖质水分动态。通过量化DFMC的短期波动和确定主要环境驱动因素的季节和燃料类型依赖变化，本研究为DFMC的精细动力学提供了新的机制见解，并加强了高分辨率火灾风险监测的科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Continued loss of mangrove carbon stocks six years after a climate impact in SE Brazil 巴西东南部遭受气候影响六年后红树林碳储量的持续损失

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123442

Carla F.O. Pacheco , Rodolfo F. Costa , Antonio Elves B. Silva , Daniela Y. Gaurisas , Tiago O. Ferreira , Angelo F. Bernardino

Mangroves face increasing threats from human degradation and extreme weather events, yet limited information exists on whether they can naturally recover after those disturbances. In this study, we attempted to fill this gap by assessing the total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS) of impacted mangrove forests in Brazil six years after an extreme weather event. We hypothesized that impacted mangrove forests would show some degree of recovery in their aboveground and belowground carbon stocks, when compared to previous assessments made in 2017 (1.3 yrs after initial disturbance). Sampling impacted and pristine mangrove forests demonstrated limited or no recovery in carbon stocks over time, with a mean loss of 56.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ in the aboveground carbon stocks. Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed higher soil carbon contents but lower bulk densities in impacted areas, likely as a result of necromass decomposition and loss of mineral material from impacted soils. Mangrove TECS six years after the initial impact were on average 198 Mg C ha⁻¹ lower in dead forests compared to control sites. If all this carbon was lost to the atmosphere, the potential emissions from this event are 145.4 Mg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ per year, which is over 10 times the soil carbon burial rates in healthy mangroves of that estuary. Our work suggests that mangrove forests may have limited recovery in areas under high salinity stress, highlighting the need for site selection prior to mangrove restoration projects when desired outcomes are to restore carbon stocks.

红树林面临着人类退化和极端天气事件日益严重的威胁，但关于它们能否在这些干扰后自然恢复的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们试图通过评估巴西受极端天气事件影响的红树林的总生态系统碳储量（TECS）来填补这一空白。我们假设，与2017年（初始干扰后1.3年）的先前评估相比，受影响的红树林的地上和地下碳储量将显示出一定程度的恢复。受采样影响的红树林和原始红树林显示，随着时间的推移，碳储量恢复有限或没有恢复，地上碳储量平均损失56.1 Mg C ha - 1。与我们的假设相反，我们观察到受影响地区的土壤碳含量较高，但体积密度较低，这可能是受影响土壤中坏死块分解和矿物物质损失的结果。在最初的影响发生6年后，死亡森林的TECS平均比对照地低198 Mg C ha - 1。如果所有这些碳都流失到大气中，这一事件的潜在排放量为每年145.4 Mg CO2eq ha - 1，这是该河口健康红树林土壤碳埋藏率的10倍以上。我们的工作表明，在高盐度胁迫下，红树林的恢复可能有限，这突出了在红树林恢复项目之前选择场地的必要性，如果期望的结果是恢复碳储量。

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引用次数: 0