Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第5页

Soil carbon and nitrogen through twenty years of intensive plantation forest management

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122548

Shea A. Hoffman, Dehai Zhao, Daniel Markewitz

Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is critical for sustainable forest management. This study investigates how fertilization and vegetation control impact soil C and N concentrations and contents in Pinus taeda plantations across four sites in Georgia, USA. This study considers soil depths of 0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm and stand ages of ∼10 and ∼30 years. We hypothesized that vegetation control would reduce soil C and N by limiting belowground inputs from understory vegetation, while fertilization would enhance soil C and N by increasing productivity and suppressing microbial decomposition. Results showed that vegetation control reduced mineral soil C and N by 10 % through 50 cm; however, compensatory accumulation in the forest floor and aboveground biomass led to overall gains in ecosystem C and N. Fertilization increased C and N in the forest floor but did not have an effect on mineral soil through 50 cm. Increasing stand age resulted in insignificant changes in mineral soil C, while mineral soil N increased d by 21 % at the well-drained Piedmont site (Eatonton) and decreased by 36 % at the poorly drained lower coastal plain location (Waycross). Mineral soil N increase in all treatments at Eatonton reflect an unexplained ecosystem-level N input. Intensive management practices such as complete understory vegetation control have repeatedly been demonstrated to deplete mineral soil C and N while fertilization has relatively little effect on soil C or N.

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引用次数: 0

Tree regeneration dynamics under a range of restoration treatments in Northeast pitch pine (Pinus rigida) barrens

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122547

Kathleen A. Stutzman , Anthony W. D’Amato , Kevin J. Dodds

Fire suppression and disconnection from historic fire regimes has a distinct and significant impact on fire-dependent natural communities, including regeneration of characteristic species, whose restoration may be further complicated by climate change. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) barrens are a globally rare, fire-dependent natural community found primarily in the Northeast United States. We analyzed pitch pine regeneration response across 47 sites treated with 1) harvest (n = 6), 2) fall prescribed fire (n = 9), 3) spring prescribed fire (n = 9), 4) mowing followed by prescribed fire (n = 12), and 5) controls (n = 11), in barrens across the Northeast, to measure the impacts of regionally common restoration treatments on desired regeneration success. Leaf litter depth, mineral soil exposure, overstory basal area and composition, understory plant cover, and tree regeneration in three size classes across these five treatment types were compared. Pitch pine small seedling abundance was adversely impacted by greater litter depth, understory cover, and abundance of shrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia and Quercus prinoides) seedlings. All treatment types had significantly more small seedlings than untreated control units. Large seedling abundance was also negatively associated with increased litter depth. Pitch pine sapling abundance increased with pitch pine overstory proportional abundance and decreased as shrub oak saplings increased. This study represents the first multi-region assessment of pitch pine restoration treatments, confirming necessary conditions for pitch pine regeneration established by previous site-level work. While no single management strategy emerged as most effective, conditions resulting from higher severity disturbances appear more conducive to pitch pine regeneration establishment and provide managers with several options to maintain these ecosystems.

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引用次数: 0

Linking overstory relative density to light availability and understory plant community composition in disturbance-dependent, Pinus rigida -dominated forests of the mid-Atlantic coastal plain, USA

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122538

Bernard N. Isaacson , Shawn P. Serbin , Jason C. Grabosky

There is a vigorous debate around whether and how to manage forests for climate mitigation or for other goals such as biodiversity. To achieve any of these goals it is necessary to define the parameters within which they can exist; ideally, the metrics used to evaluate progress towards one goal should be able to speak to other goals, especially when there are competing objectives at play. In the pitch pine (Pinus rigida) dominated coastal plain of New Jersey, open-canopy habitats are the locus of biodiversity, so we sought to define ‘open-canopy’ using a common metric of forest occupancy, Relative Density (RD). Using forest inventory data and light intensity measurements we found non-linear relationships between overstory RD and metrics of canopy light use. We then used RD to define upper limits of forest occupancy for fairly common open-canopy understory taxa above which one is very unlikely to find these plants. Our methods found credible thresholds in overstory density for four of five taxa, placing boundaries on the envelope of survivable conditions for these open-canopy community members. Native warm-season grasses (subfamily Panicoideae), Carex, Quercus ilicifolia, and Q. marilandica were not present in pitch pine forests above RD of roughly 0.57, aligning well with the approximate stocking level for stem exclusion. Separate validation data supported our quantified limits for warm-season grasses and demonstrated the importance of considering ground-layer competition but did not support overstory density thresholds for Hudsonia spp. Managers of similar pine forests with social goals in tension may be better able to quantify or illustrate tradeoffs between objectives using these results.

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引用次数: 0

Close-to-nature management alleviated microbial P limitation in middle-aged Masson pine plantations: Evidence derived from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122543

Zongzheng Chai , Jie Zhu , Zhongwen Zhao

Close-to-nature management (CTNM) is an essential strategy for improving the structure and quality of plantations. However, the effects of CTNM on soil microbial resource limitation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined soils from Masson pine plantations in three different stand stages after 12 years of CTNM. We measured the activities of six extracellular enzymes: β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, L-leucine aminopeptidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase. Additionally, we analyzed extracellular enzyme stoichiometry (EES), including vector length and angle. We also identified factors that may affect microbial resource limitation. Our results indicated that microorganisms in Masson pine plantations were primarily limited by phosphorus (P). CTNM significantly enhanced the activities of the six extracellular enzymes, alleviating microbial P limitation, but also increased nitrogen (N) limitation in middle-aged stands. Variations in enzyme activities and EES were most strongly influenced by soil nutrient content, followed by physical factors, with vegetation variables having the least impact. Microbial P limitation was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, total N, available N, and capillary porosity, and positively correlated with the average diameter at breast height, tree height, and biomass of the shrub-herb community beneath the trees. Furthermore, microbial P limitation was directly influenced by soil total and available nutrients. The effects of vegetation and physical parameters on microbial P limitation were indirect, primarily through their impact on soil nutrient availability. Our research highlights the potential of CTNM to alleviate phosphorus limitations in microbial communities. We recommend the repeated implementation of CTNM, along with anthropogenic nitrogen addition and the introduction of nitrogen-fixing species, to enhance its effectiveness in alleviating microbial resource limitations in Masson pine plantations.

{"title":"Close-to-nature management alleviated microbial P limitation in middle-aged Masson pine plantations: Evidence derived from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry","authors":"Zongzheng Chai , Jie Zhu , Zhongwen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Close-to-nature management (CTNM) is an essential strategy for improving the structure and quality of plantations. However, the effects of CTNM on soil microbial resource limitation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined soils from Masson pine plantations in three different stand stages after 12 years of CTNM. We measured the activities of six extracellular enzymes: β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, L-leucine aminopeptidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase. Additionally, we analyzed extracellular enzyme stoichiometry (EES), including vector length and angle. We also identified factors that may affect microbial resource limitation. Our results indicated that microorganisms in Masson pine plantations were primarily limited by phosphorus (P). CTNM significantly enhanced the activities of the six extracellular enzymes, alleviating microbial P limitation, but also increased nitrogen (N) limitation in middle-aged stands. Variations in enzyme activities and EES were most strongly influenced by soil nutrient content, followed by physical factors, with vegetation variables having the least impact. Microbial P limitation was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, total N, available N, and capillary porosity, and positively correlated with the average diameter at breast height, tree height, and biomass of the shrub-herb community beneath the trees. Furthermore, microbial P limitation was directly influenced by soil total and available nutrients. The effects of vegetation and physical parameters on microbial P limitation were indirect, primarily through their impact on soil nutrient availability. Our research highlights the potential of CTNM to alleviate phosphorus limitations in microbial communities. We recommend the repeated implementation of CTNM, along with anthropogenic nitrogen addition and the introduction of nitrogen-fixing species, to enhance its effectiveness in alleviating microbial resource limitations in Masson pine plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coppice management affects leaf traits in understory species of Mediterranean oak forests

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122517

Ilaria Santi , Marco Cabrucci , Elisa Carrari , Cristina Gasperini , Pieter De Frenne , Federico Selvi

Coppice management is returning to be a widespread silvicultural practice across European forests. However, its effects on understorey species remain poorly understood, particularly in Mediterranean woodlands. Elucidating intraspecific trait responses of these species will help to predict the interactive effects of coppicing and climate change on a relevant aspect of forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We analysed leaf trait variation in ten representative herbaceous species (specialists and generalists) and the related shifts in CSR plant strategies. We compared conspecific plants from young coppice-with-standards oak stands and next high stands, across two sites in Italy. Coppicing increased the intraspecific variability of most traits and specific leaf area while reducing that of leaf area and Mg content. Both leaf area and specific leaf area were reduced, with the latter showing a significant decrease in the generalist species. Most species exhibited increased leaf dry matter content, likely due to acclimation to dryer conditions and broader temperature variations in the coppice stands. Specialists showed a reduction in leaf K and Ca concentrations whereas generalists decreased N content, thus resulting in a higher C:N ratio. Some responses appeared species-specific or shared by closely related species. Changes in trait values resulted in shifts in the CSR space towards a reduction of competitive ability and an increase of stress tolerance. Keeping forest density and closed canopies appears relevant to support the life and functions of Mediterranean understory plants, notwithstanding that the maintenance of small coppice stands may prompt phenotypic acclimation processes to ongoing global warming.

{"title":"Coppice management affects leaf traits in understory species of Mediterranean oak forests","authors":"Ilaria Santi , Marco Cabrucci , Elisa Carrari , Cristina Gasperini , Pieter De Frenne , Federico Selvi","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coppice management is returning to be a widespread silvicultural practice across European forests. However, its effects on understorey species remain poorly understood, particularly in Mediterranean woodlands. Elucidating intraspecific trait responses of these species will help to predict the interactive effects of coppicing and climate change on a relevant aspect of forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We analysed leaf trait variation in ten representative herbaceous species (specialists and generalists) and the related shifts in CSR plant strategies. We compared conspecific plants from young coppice-with-standards oak stands and next high stands, across two sites in Italy. Coppicing increased the intraspecific variability of most traits and specific leaf area while reducing that of leaf area and Mg content. Both leaf area and specific leaf area were reduced, with the latter showing a significant decrease in the generalist species. Most species exhibited increased leaf dry matter content, likely due to acclimation to dryer conditions and broader temperature variations in the coppice stands. Specialists showed a reduction in leaf K and Ca concentrations whereas generalists decreased N content, thus resulting in a higher C:N ratio. Some responses appeared species-specific or shared by closely related species. Changes in trait values resulted in shifts in the CSR space towards a reduction of competitive ability and an increase of stress tolerance. Keeping forest density and closed canopies appears relevant to support the life and functions of Mediterranean understory plants, notwithstanding that the maintenance of small coppice stands may prompt phenotypic acclimation processes to ongoing global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in wood density, growth, and carbon storage of the main stem of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) after commercial thinning

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122542

Dipak Mahatara , Julie Barrette , Boris Dufour , Luc Sirois , Alexis Achim , Robert Schneider

Commercial thinning, often included in silvicultural scenarios applied to plantations, influences tree growth and wood properties and, consequently, can modify the carbon sequestration rate of tree stems. The present study considered the wood density variations within and between tree stems to estimate carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration in the stem under four treatments—control, thinning from below, early release of 50 crop trees per hectare, and 100 crop trees per hectare—conducted in white spruce (Picea glauca) plantations in eastern Quebec. The plantations dating from 1990 were thinned in 2008. First, disk samples collected in 2021 from 140 trees across the four thinning intensities were used to construct a ring-density model following thinning. The plot inventory data from 2008, 2014, and 2021, combined with the ring-density model, were then used to estimate individual tree carbon sequestration, which was summed at the plot level. We found that (1) ring density displayed higher values near the pith, followed by a rapid decline, after which ring density slightly increased toward the bark; (2) thinned and control treatments showed similar average ring-density chronologies throughout the study period, constraining the generalization of post-thinning ring-density trends; and (3) thinned plots exhibited lower tree CO₂ sequestration rates than control plots, with estimates of 5.17, 5.35, 4.75, and 5.84 t·ha⁻¹·year⁻¹ for 100 crop trees per hectare, 50 crop trees per hectare, thinning from below, and the control respectively. This study provides insights into how thinning impacts carbon dynamics in the tree stems of young stands, which can be used to weigh the trade-offs between active management and carbon storage.

{"title":"Changes in wood density, growth, and carbon storage of the main stem of planted white spruce (Picea glauca) after commercial thinning","authors":"Dipak Mahatara , Julie Barrette , Boris Dufour , Luc Sirois , Alexis Achim , Robert Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial thinning, often included in silvicultural scenarios applied to plantations, influences tree growth and wood properties and, consequently, can modify the carbon sequestration rate of tree stems. The present study considered the wood density variations within and between tree stems to estimate carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) sequestration in the stem under four treatments—control, thinning from below, early release of 50 crop trees per hectare, and 100 crop trees per hectare—conducted in white spruce (<em>Picea glauca</em>) plantations in eastern Quebec. The plantations dating from 1990 were thinned in 2008. First, disk samples collected in 2021 from 140 trees across the four thinning intensities were used to construct a ring-density model following thinning. The plot inventory data from 2008, 2014, and 2021, combined with the ring-density model, were then used to estimate individual tree carbon sequestration, which was summed at the plot level. We found that (1) ring density displayed higher values near the pith, followed by a rapid decline, after which ring density slightly increased toward the bark; (2) thinned and control treatments showed similar average ring-density chronologies throughout the study period, constraining the generalization of post-thinning ring-density trends; and (3) thinned plots exhibited lower tree CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration rates than control plots, with estimates of 5.17, 5.35, 4.75, and 5.84 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup> for 100 crop trees per hectare, 50 crop trees per hectare, thinning from below, and the control respectively. This study provides insights into how thinning impacts carbon dynamics in the tree stems of young stands, which can be used to weigh the trade-offs between active management and carbon storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sandy soils in the forests of northern Michigan (USA) as methane sinks: Impacts of tree species composition and winter snowpacks

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122527

Chase S. Kasmerchak , David E. Rothstein , J. Randal Schaetzl

Upland forest soils are one the largest terrestrial methane (CH₄) sinks. The strength of this CH₄ sink, however, is sensitive to the influence of forest composition and other environmental factors on the activity of CH₄ oxidizing bacteria and archaea (methanotrophs). Climate change projections for the Great Lakes region (USA) point to expansion of deciduous broadleaf species at the expense of conifers, as well as decreased winter snowpack thicknesses. To assess the sensitivity of the soil CH₄ sink to forest composition, winter snowpack thicknesses, and soil frost, we conducted a 2-year snow removal experiment in sandy soils. The sites were dominated by either sugar maple (Acer saccharum) or red pine (Pinus resinosa) in northern Michigan, USA. We measured in-situ CH₄ uptake using static chambers in plots where snowpacks were either left undisturbed or removed. Our results indicate that annual soil CH₄ uptake is 25–30 % higher under sugar maple than under red pine, suggesting that predicted broadleaf forest expansion will increase the strength of the soil CH4 sink. Nonetheless, our estimates of annual CH₄ budgets for these stands also indicate that this process may only contribute 2–3 % of the annual climate mitigation services in these forests. We observed no differences in rates of wintertime CH₄ uptake between treatments, and no carry-forward effects of snow removal on rates of growing season CH₄ uptake. Depth trends in soil CH₄ concentration indicate that wintertime CH₄ uptake in our control treatment was limited primarily by the rate of diffusion of atmospheric CH₄ through the snowpack and into the soil, whereas it appears that CH₄ uptake in our removal treatments was limited by soil freezing. This implies that the response of the soil CH₄ sink in these forests to climate change will depend on the balance between snowpack thicknesses, as it impacts soil freezing.

{"title":"Sandy soils in the forests of northern Michigan (USA) as methane sinks: Impacts of tree species composition and winter snowpacks","authors":"Chase S. Kasmerchak , David E. Rothstein , J. Randal Schaetzl","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upland forest soils are one the largest terrestrial methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) sinks. The strength of this CH<sub>4</sub> sink, however, is sensitive to the influence of forest composition and other environmental factors on the activity of CH<sub>4</sub> oxidizing bacteria and archaea (methanotrophs). Climate change projections for the Great Lakes region (USA) point to expansion of deciduous broadleaf species at the expense of conifers, as well as decreased winter snowpack thicknesses. To assess the sensitivity of the soil CH<sub>4</sub> sink to forest composition, winter snowpack thicknesses, and soil frost, we conducted a 2-year snow removal experiment in sandy soils. The sites were dominated by either sugar maple (Acer saccharum) or red pine (Pinus resinosa) in northern Michigan, USA. We measured in-situ CH<sub>4</sub> uptake using static chambers in plots where snowpacks were either left undisturbed or removed. Our results indicate that annual soil CH<sub>4</sub> uptake is 25–30 % higher under sugar maple than under red pine, suggesting that predicted broadleaf forest expansion will increase the strength of the soil CH4 sink. Nonetheless, our estimates of annual CH<sub>4</sub> budgets for these stands also indicate that this process may only contribute 2–3 % of the annual climate mitigation services in these forests. We observed no differences in rates of wintertime CH<sub>4</sub> uptake between treatments, and no carry-forward effects of snow removal on rates of growing season CH<sub>4</sub> uptake. Depth trends in soil CH<sub>4</sub> concentration indicate that wintertime CH<sub>4</sub> uptake in our control treatment was limited primarily by the rate of diffusion of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> through the snowpack and into the soil, whereas it appears that CH<sub>4</sub> uptake in our removal treatments was limited by soil freezing. This implies that the response of the soil CH<sub>4</sub> sink in these forests to climate change will depend on the balance between snowpack thicknesses, as it impacts soil freezing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 122527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological succession revisited from a temporal beta-diversity perspective

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122504

Ryosuke Nakadai , Satoshi N. Suzuki

Ecological succession, the re-assembly of communities after disturbances, is a classical topic in ecology and has gained renewed attention due to anthropogenic impacts. Previous studies suggest that compositional shifts decrease in later successional stages, potentially linked to species life history and longevity. However, the lack of suitable analytical methods has impeded the ability to obtain clear empirical evidence and quantify the demographic processes contributing to these shifts. In this study, we examined ecological succession through temporal beta diversity patterns using both conventional Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and recently developed individual-based indices. We analysed long-term forest inventory data from permanent plots in cool temperate forests along a secondary successional chronosequence, spanning 17–106 years post-clear-cutting. Our findings reveal detailed temporal beta-diversity patterns based on stem number and basal area over a century. We link compositional shifts to demographic processes such as recruitment, growth, and mortality, providing a clearer understanding of succession dynamics. This study highlights the importance of long-term data and advanced analytical approaches in uncovering the demographic drivers of community composition changes during succession. Future research applying similar methods across various ecosystems will enhance our understanding of biodiversity changes over time and their connections to anthropogenic disturbances.

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引用次数: 0

Ongoing regeneration of ash and co-occurring species 20 years following invasion by emerald ash borer

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122546

Caleb J. Wilson , Louise Labbate , Toby R. Petrice , Therese M. Poland , Deborah G. McCullough

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmare) is a destructive invasive insect pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Monitoring ash regeneration within post-invasion forests is essential to assess ash persistence in North America. We recorded density of overstory ash [> 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)], ash recruits (2–10 cm DBH), ash saplings (≥ 45 cm in height; < 2 cm DBH), and ash seedlings (< 45 cm in height), along with canopy dieback of overstory ash and recruits in four post-invasion areas in south-central Michigan, USA. We also recorded density of all other overstory trees, recruits, saplings, and seedlings by species. Ash regeneration was abundant in recruit (470 ± 68.9 stems per ha), sapling (2599 ± 336.1 stems per ha), and seedling strata (4557 ± 557.9 stems per ha). Overall, 47 % of overstory ash, 17 % of ash recruits, and 7 % of ash saplings were dead. More than half of the live overstory ash (54 %), and 43 % of ash recruits had < 30 % dieback, although 33 ± 3.0 % of ash recruits had external signs of EAB infestation. Living ash basal area was inversely associated with Quercus rubra and Tilia americana density. Dead ash basal area was not related to tree species composition, indicating that stands with low ash density, and subsequent effects on community structure, were not due to canopy gaps resulting from EAB mortality. Overall, we documented substantial ash regeneration in post-invasion forests despite high mortality of trees > 10 cm DBH.

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引用次数: 0

Resilience to late frost and drought of mixed forests with Turkey oak and silver fir in southern Italy

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122539

Concetta Lisella , Alessandra Bottero , Serena Antonucci , Giovanni Santopuoli , Roberto Tognetti

Mixed species can increase the stability of forest ecosystems against disturbances. However, the benefits of mixing cannot be generalized for all forest types and tree species combinations. To investigate the role of tree species composition in the responses of tree growth to late frost and drought, we constructed tree-ring series from forest stands with varying abundances of silver fir (Abies alba) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) at two sites in southern Italy. We studied (i) intra- and interspecific responses to late frost and drought stress, (ii) impact of tree species composition on these responses, and (iii) relationships between tree growth and climatic and structural variables. In the drier region, both species were more resistant to drought than to late frost. Moreover, Turkey oak was less resistant than silver fir to late frost in drier site conditions but showed greater resistance in wetter ones. The impact of tree species composition on plot-level responses was observed for drought resilience components at the drier site. Additionally, plot diameter heterogeneity positively influenced growth resistance to both stressors, while basal area negatively affected drought resistance. Water balance played a central role in the growth of both species, but silver fir growing in drier conditions was less influenced than silver fir growing in wetter ones. Silver fir can adapt growth strategies to deal with different environmental settings. This study shows that lower stand density (basal area: 41–83 m²/ha in this study) and greater structural heterogeneity (Gini index: 0.1–0.4) contribute to greater stand-level resilience in Mediterranean forests.

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引用次数: 0