Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第5页

Corrigendum to: Which bird species respond most to forest structural variation? Implications for biodiversity indicators in Mediterranean forests. Forest ecology and management volume 601 (2026) 123364 哪种鸟类对森林结构变化的反应最大？对地中海森林生物多样性指标的影响。森林生态与管理卷601 (2026)123364

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123445

Gabriel Miret-Minard , Virgilio Hermoso , Lluís Brotons , Gurutzeta Guillera-Arroita , José J. Lahoz-Monfort , Alejandra Morán-Ordoñez

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Changing aspen stand structure following large carnivore restoration in Yellowstone” [For. Ecol. Manag. 594 (2025) 122941] “黄石公园大型食肉动物恢复后白杨林分结构的变化”的勘误表[For。生态。管理。594 (2025)122941]

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123447

Luke E. Painter , Robert L. Beschta , William J. Ripple

引用次数: 0

Mixed-effects modeling of vertical distribution branch characteristics for Korean pine: Integrating climate-competition interactions for precision plantation management 红松垂直分布分支特征的混合效应建模：整合气候-竞争相互作用用于精准人工林管理

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123451

Yumeng Jiang , Zheng Miao , Xuehan Zhao , Qianbei Li , Lihu Dong

Branching pattern forms the structural foundation of tree crowns and plays an important role in determining wood quality. This study investigates the vertical distribution pattern of branching characteristics in Korean pine and explores their relationships with stand density, competition pressure, and climate factors, providing scientific insights for forest management. Using data from 184 Korean pine trees in Northeast China, we developed a comprehensive vertical distribution prediction model with three approaches: Poisson regression (branch number), modified Weibull distribution (branch size), and nonlinear regression (branch insertion angle). The models integrate hierarchical variables spanning individual tree traits, stand structure, competition intensity, and climatic conditions. Tree growth vigor (height increment) and crown morphology primarily influence branch quantity;

DBH

and competition intensity significantly influence branch insertion angle, with branch age showing negative effects; branch size responds positively to tree dimension variables but negatively to competition pressure. It is noteworthy that competition-climate interactions exhibit distinct regulatory patterns compared to single factors, with drought indices modulating the effects of competition on branch characteristics. The model demonstrated robust performance, with mixed-effects models yielding low prediction errors: a mean absolute error (

MAE

) of 2.34 branches per whorl for quantity, a root mean square error (

RMSE

) of 8.7° for insertion angle, and an

RMSE

of 3.2 mm for branch diameter, as well as an RMSE of 0.7 cm for branch length. These models facilitate the quantitative prediction of knot size distribution and crown space requirements, offering a valuable tool for optimizing stand management and enhancing timber quality in Korean pine plantations.

分枝形态是树冠的结构基础，对木材的品质起着重要的决定作用。本研究探讨了红松分支特征的垂直分布格局，并探讨了其与林分密度、竞争压力和气候因子的关系，为森林经营提供科学依据。以东北地区184棵红松为研究对象，采用泊松回归（枝数）、修正威布尔分布（枝长）和非线性回归（枝插入角）三种方法建立了垂直分布的综合预测模型。该模型整合了个体特征、林分结构、竞争强度和气候条件等层次变量。树木生长活力（高度增长量）和树冠形态主要影响树枝数量；胸径和竞争强度对枝插角有显著影响，枝龄对枝插角有显著影响；分支大小对树形变量的响应为正，对竞争压力的响应为负。值得注意的是，与单一因素相比，竞争-气候相互作用表现出不同的调节模式，干旱指数调节竞争对分支特征的影响。该模型表现出稳健的性能，混合效应模型的预测误差较低：数量的平均绝对误差（MAE）为每轮2.34个分支，插入角的均方根误差（RMSE）为8.7°，分支直径的RMSE为3.2 mm，分支长度的RMSE为0.7 cm。这些模型有助于定量预测结大小分布和树冠空间需求，为优化红松人工林的林分管理和提高木材质量提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Perspectives: The pace and scale challenge: Leveraging wildfire footprints to increase forest resilience to future high-severity fire 展望：速度和规模的挑战：利用野火足迹来提高森林对未来高严重性火灾的抵御能力

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123443

Kristen N. Wilson , Kristen L. Shive , John N. Williams , Malcolm P. North , Michelle Coppoletta , J. Nicholas Hendershot , Charlotte K. Stanley

In historically frequent fire forests, wildfires are burning larger areas and driving forest loss across western North America, yet they also produce extensive low- to moderate-severity effects that can be leveraged to harden landscapes against future high-severity fire. Here, we operationalize prior conceptual calls by presenting a framework that identifies opportunities to leverage recent wildfire footprints via three management pathways to increasing resistance to high-severity fire: create (use burned edges as containment lines to treat adjacent unburned forest), enhance (apply mechanical treatment and prescribed fire or wildfire managed for resource objectives to areas with one prior beneficial disturbance), and maintain (sustain high-resistance stands with recurring fire). We quantify the extent of these opportunities across California’s Sierra Nevada yellow pine-mixed conifer forests at the Potential Operational Delineations (PODs) scale and outline policy options to act within limited post-fire windows. This work can support increasing resistance to high-severity fire across the landscape, highlighting how leveraging wildfire has the potential to save time and money, lower operational risk under suitable conditions, and promote pyrodiversity and biodiversity.

在历史上频繁发生火灾的森林中，野火燃烧的面积更大，并导致北美西部的森林损失，但它们也产生了广泛的低至中等严重程度的影响，可以利用这些影响来硬化景观，以应对未来的高严重程度火灾。在这里，我们通过提出一个框架来实现先前的概念性呼吁，该框架通过三种管理途径确定利用最近野火足迹的机会，以增加对高严重性火灾的抵抗力：创建（使用烧毁的边缘作为围护线来处理相邻的未烧毁的森林），增强（对先前有一次有益干扰的地区进行机械处理和规定的火灾或野火管理），并维持（在反复发生火灾的情况下维持高抗性林分）。我们在潜在操作划定（pod）规模上量化了加州内华达山脉黄松混合针叶林的这些机会的程度，并概述了在有限的火灾后窗口内采取行动的政策选择。这项工作可以支持提高整个景观对高严重性火灾的抵抗力，突出了如何利用野火节省时间和金钱，在适当条件下降低操作风险，并促进热解多样性和生物多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Native species seedlings in forest restoration in the Southern Amazon rapidly increase soil carbon stocks 在亚马逊南部森林恢复过程中，本地物种幼苗迅速增加了土壤碳储量

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123467

Alexandre Ferreira do Nascimento , Ingo Isernhagen , Jorge Lulu , Antonio Okada , Jussane Antunes Fogaça dos Antunes , Austeclínio Lopes de Farias Neto

Forest degradation in the Amazon has led to severe environmental impacts, with active restoration, through mixed plantings of native and/or exotic tree seedlings, emerging as a key for ecosystem recovery. The study aimed to evaluate the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks of legal reserve (LR) restoration treatments in the southern Amazon after 10 years of implementation. The experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2022, followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments included three active restoration techniques using seedling planting, one passive regeneration treatment (area isolation), and a secondary forest as reference. Soil samples were collected from 60 × 80 m plots down to a depth of 1 m to determine C, N, bulk density, and SOC and TN stocks. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was monitored from 2015 to 2019 using sensors equipped with automatic data loggers. Active restoration significantly increased SOC stocks compared with passive regeneration (p < 0.05), reaching up to 120 Mg ha^-¹ in seedling-based treatments versus ∼100 Mg ha^-¹ under passive regeneration (∼100 Mg ha^-¹). Seedling-based treatments also exhibited higher annual SOC accumulation rates (1.4–2.5 Mg ha^-¹ year^-¹). Total N (TN) was not significantly affected by the treatments, except in the surface layer, where the secondary forest showed the higher values. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a negative correlation between SOC and understory PAR, indicating that increased canopy development enhanced organic matter input and SOC accumulation. PCA also indicated that the inclusion of exotic species, or a higher proportion of them relative to native species, may delay increases in soil C and N. Planting native species was the most effective restoration strategy for rapidly increasing SOC stocks, highlighting its potential as a viable and sustainable approach for forest restoration.

亚马逊森林退化对环境造成了严重影响，通过混合种植本地和/或外来树苗来积极恢复，成为生态系统恢复的关键。本研究旨在评价亚马孙南部地区法定保留区（LR）恢复措施实施10年后的土壤有机碳（SOC）和总氮（TN）储量。试验于2012 - 2022年进行，采用随机区组设计，5个处理，4个重复。处理方法包括3种主动恢复技术（苗木种植）、1种被动更新技术（区域隔离）和参考次生林。取60个 × 80 m样地，深度为1 m，测定土壤碳、氮、容重、有机碳和全氮储量。2015年至2019年，利用配备自动数据记录器的传感器监测光合有效辐射（PAR）。与被动再生相比，主动恢复显著增加了土壤有机碳储量（p <； 0.05），以幼苗为基础的处理最高可达120 Mg ha-¹ ，而被动再生（~ 100 Mg ha-¹）处理最高可达100 Mg ha-¹ 。以幼苗为基础的处理也表现出较高的年有机碳积累速率（1.4 ~ 2.5 Mg ha-¹年-¹）。除表层次生林的总氮（TN）较高外，其他处理对全氮（TN）的影响不显著。主成分分析（PCA）表明，林下有机碳与PAR呈负相关，表明冠层发育增加了有机质输入和有机碳积累。主成分分析还表明，引入外来物种或外来物种相对于本地物种的比例更高，可能会延缓土壤碳氮的增加，而种植本地物种是快速增加土壤有机碳储量的最有效的恢复策略，这突出了其作为森林恢复的可行和可持续途径的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Post-thinning recovery time and litter quality co-regulate litter decomposition in mixed oak-pine forests 间伐后恢复时间和凋落物质量共同调节栎松混交林凋落物分解

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123441

Shuiqiang Yu , Shizhou Ju , Rui Tan , Xiangfu Wang , Zi’ao Liang , Yu Li , Yuanhui Li , Weifeng Wang

Forest thinning alters micro-environments and soil microbes, which can influence leaf litter decomposition. However, the effects of time since thinning on leaf litter decomposition remain poorly understood. This study investigated how recovery time since thinning mediates litter decomposition dynamics through abiotic (environmental drivers) and biotic (decomposer capability) pathways in a temperate pine-oak mixed forest. Using a space-for-time substitution approach in the Qinling Mountains, China, we compared the decomposition of oak leaf and pine needle litter across unthinned (CK), mid-term (4-year post-thinning, T2018), and long-term (12-year post-thinning, T2010) recovery stages. Our findings showed that oak leaf litter decomposition was significantly accelerated in the mid-term (T2018; k = 0.984), primarily attributable to elevated soil temperature (path coefficient = 0.60), thereby supporting the ‘environmental drivers’ hypothesis. After 12 years of recovery (T2010), oak leaf litter decomposition was significantly suppressed (46 % mass remaining vs. 31 % in T2018). These results indicate a temporal shift in decomposition rate following thinning. In contrast, pine needle litter decomposition showed no significant response to thinning, remaining constrained by biotic factors, particularly microbial biomass nitrogen (path coefficient = 0.97). Variation partitioning indicated soil temperature and moisture were the primary explanatory variable for oak leaf litter decomposition (62 % independent contribution), while pine needle litter decomposition was governed by decomposer capability (42 % independent contribution from microbes + 46 % from microbe-enzyme synergy). Our study demonstrates that thinning effects on litter decomposition are highly dynamic and litter-specific. These findings underscore that accurate forecasting of forest management impacts on ecosystem processes requires explicit consideration of both temporal legacy and community composition.

森林间伐改变了微环境和土壤微生物，从而影响凋落叶的分解。然而，间伐后时间对凋落叶分解的影响仍然知之甚少。本文研究了温带松栎混交林间伐后的恢复时间如何通过非生物（环境驱动因素）和生物（分解者能力）途径调节凋落物分解动力学。采用空间-时间替代方法，比较了秦岭栎树和松针凋落物在未间伐（CK）、中期（间伐后4年，2018年）和长期（间伐后12年，2010年）恢复阶段的分解情况。研究结果表明，中期栎树凋落叶分解显著加速（T2018; k = 0.984），主要归因于土壤温度升高（通径系数= 0.60），从而支持“环境驱动因素”假说。经过12年的恢复（T2010），栎树凋落叶分解被显著抑制（T2018的剩余质量为46 %，而T2018的剩余质量为31 %）。这些结果表明，随着变薄，分解速率在时间上发生了变化。松针凋落物分解对间伐无显著响应，主要受生物因子的制约，尤其是微生物量氮（通径系数= 0.97）。土壤温度和湿度是栎叶凋落物分解的主要解释变量（独立贡献62% %），而松针凋落物分解受分解者能力的支配（微生物独立贡献42% % +微生物-酶协同作用46% %）。我们的研究表明，间伐对凋落物分解的影响是高度动态的和凋落物特异性的。这些发现强调，准确预测森林管理对生态系统过程的影响需要明确考虑时间遗产和群落组成。

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引用次数: 0

Stand, landscape and climatic attributes contributing to the probability of Ips typographus damage in Finland 林分、景观和气候属性对芬兰版式叶黄素破坏的可能性有影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123436

John Alexander Pulgarín Díaz , Markus Melin , Lauri Mehtätalo , Suraj Polade , Juha Aalto , Heli Peltola , Olli-Pekka Tikkanen

Large-scale outbreaks of Ips typographus L. (SBB) have caused extensive damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forests. Under climate change, SBB damage is expected to increase in Northern Europe and especially in Finland, where Norway spruce is one of the most ecologically and economically important tree species. We developed spatially-explicit probability models and SBB damage risk maps using hierarchical logistic regression modelling. We considered various stand, landscape and climatic attributes, including disturbances by routine forestry activities (i.e. new clear-cuts), wind and SBB damage. The analysis drew on detailed, open-access, stand-level forest data collected in 2020–2022 for managed Norway spruce stands in the southern half of Finland (study area), where damage is most prevalent. The study area of 11.4 million ha with more than two million stands Norway spruce stands was split into northern and southern sub-areas to develop sub-area-specific generalised linear mixed effect models for predicting the probability of stand-level SBB damage. We found a generally low probability of SBB damage, higher in the southern sub-area. Landscape attributes showed the strongest effect on SBB damage predisposition, followed by stand and climatic attributes, though the effects differed in sub-areas. The top predictors of SBB damage were proximity to clear-cuts, followed by stand mean diameter at breast height, distance to previous SBB damage and the maximum number of consecutive days with temperature above 25°C. However, careful planning of proactive risk management actions is required, as clear-cuts – including SBB-related salvage loggings – may induce new SBB infestations.

大规模爆发的Ips typographus L. （SBB）对挪威云杉（Picea abies (L.)）造成了广泛的损害。H.喀斯特森林。在气候变化的影响下，北欧特别是芬兰的SBB损害预计会增加，在芬兰，挪威云杉是最重要的生态和经济树种之一。我们利用分层逻辑回归模型建立了空间显式概率模型和SBB损伤风险图。我们考虑了各种林分、景观和气候属性，包括常规林业活动（即新的砍伐）、风和SBB损害的干扰。该分析利用了2020-2022年在芬兰南半部（研究区）管理的挪威云杉林分收集的详细、开放获取的林分水平森林数据，那里的破坏最为普遍。研究区面积1140万公顷，有200多万个林分，将挪威云杉林分分为北部和南部两个分区，建立了针对分区的广义线性混合效应模型，用于预测林分级SBB损害的概率。我们发现SBB破坏的可能性一般较低，在南部分区较高。景观属性对SBB灾害易感性的影响最大，其次是林分属性和气候属性，但各分区的影响差异较大。最能预测林分SBB损害的因素是接近采伐地，其次是林分胸高平均直径、与以往SBB损害的距离和温度超过25℃的最大连续天数。然而，需要仔细规划主动的风险管理行动，因为砍伐森林——包括与SBB有关的打捞性砍伐——可能导致新的SBB侵扰。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial determinants of mistletoe dispersal in Scots pine dominated forests: Are more complex forest stands less prone to invasion? 苏格兰松林中槲寄生扩散的空间决定因素：更复杂的林分是否更不容易受到入侵？

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123435

Leszek Bolibok , Wojciech Kędziora , Michał Brach , Roman Wójcik

Mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) is an increasingly prevalent parasitic plant in European pine forests. It raises concerns among forest managers due to its negative impacts on tree health and timber production. This study investigates the spatial and structural determinants of mistletoe infestation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands within the Kozienicka Forest in Central Poland, using a combination of intensive spatial sampling in field surveys, LiDAR data, and satellite imagery. We analyzed 423 plots using generalized additive models to identify key variables influencing mistletoe presence. Our results show that older and larger trees were most likely to be infested, and these were associated with increased defoliation, while dense, young, even-aged pine stands offer some resistance. Increased shrub cover in the understory and proximity to the forest complex edge significantly elevated infestation likelihood, suggesting bird-mediated seed dispersal is critical. The presence of old-style orchards in the forest's complex surroundings and the proximity to the Vistula River, an important bird migration corridor, may also enhance mistletoe spread. These findings highlight the complex interactions between forest structure, birds' behavior, and mistletoe dynamics, offering valuable insights for forest management strategies to mitigate mistletoe invasion.

槲寄生（Viscum专辑ssp）。奥地利松林（austracum）是一种在欧洲松林中日益流行的寄生植物。由于对树木健康和木材生产的负面影响，它引起了森林管理者的关注。本研究利用实地调查的密集空间采样、激光雷达数据和卫星图像相结合的方法，调查了波兰中部Kozienicka森林中苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris）寄生的空间和结构决定因素。我们使用广义加性模型分析了423个地块，以确定影响槲寄生存在的关键变量。我们的研究结果表明，年龄较大的树木最有可能被侵染，这些树木与落叶增加有关，而茂密、年轻、年龄均匀的松树林则具有一定的抵抗力。林下灌木覆盖的增加和靠近森林复合边缘显著提高了侵染的可能性，表明鸟类介导的种子传播至关重要。在森林复杂的环境中，老式果园的存在，以及靠近维斯瓦河（重要的鸟类迁徙走廊），也可能促进槲寄生的传播。这些发现强调了森林结构、鸟类行为和槲寄生动态之间复杂的相互作用，为森林管理策略提供了有价值的见解，以减轻槲寄生入侵。

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引用次数: 0

Regional differences in infilling and land-use conversion characterize woody cover increases across the Eastern United States 填充和土地利用转换的区域差异是整个美国东部木材覆盖增加的特征

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123446

Michaella A. Ivey, Noah C. Weidig, Alan A. Ivory II, Victoria M. Donovan

Trees and shrubs are expanding into historically open ecosystems across the globe, threatening ecological function and ecosystem services. Across much of the eastern U.S., increasing woody cover has been associated with ecological degradation of forest and savanna ecosystems, and more recently, heightened large wildfire risk. Understanding patterns in woody cover increases will be paramount for assessing potential ecological outcomes and developing region-specific management approaches. Using remotely sensed land-use and vegetation cover data, we quantified changes in woody cover between 2001 and 2021 across land-use types in the eastern U.S. to determine the relative contribution of forest infilling and land-use conversion to woody cover increases. Woody cover increased across a range of land-use types in the eastern U.S. including wetlands, pasturelands, and forests. Infilling of deciduous forests and encroachment in open land-use types such as pasturelands dominated the northeast. In contrast, high levels of land-use conversion from non-woody land-use types to forests along with increasing woody cover in wetlands dominated the southeast. Our findings suggest that increasing woody cover in the eastern U.S. likely reflects both intentional increases of woody cover by silviculture as well as unintentional increases tied to wetland woody encroachment and forest densification. Our findings highlight areas to target ecological impact assessments and management efforts. Further, we demonstrate a growing need to assess the potential impacts of expanding pine plantation area on forest ecology and changing wildfire risk.

树木和灌木正在全球范围内扩展到历史上开放的生态系统中，威胁着生态功能和生态系统服务。在美国东部的大部分地区，树木覆盖面积的增加与森林和稀树草原生态系统的生态退化有关，最近还增加了大规模野火的风险。了解树木覆盖增加的模式对于评估潜在的生态结果和制定特定区域的管理方法至关重要。利用遥感土地利用和植被覆盖数据，我们量化了2001 - 2021年美国东部不同土地利用类型的木本覆盖变化，以确定森林填充和土地利用转换对木本覆盖增加的相对贡献。在美国东部，包括湿地、牧场和森林在内的一系列土地利用类型中，木质覆盖都有所增加。东北地区以落叶林的填充和草地等开放性土地利用类型的侵占为主。东南地区主要是由非木本土地利用类型向森林的高度转化，同时湿地的木本覆盖也在增加。我们的研究结果表明，美国东部树木覆盖面积的增加可能既反映了人工造林对树木覆盖面积的有意增加，也反映了与湿地树木侵蚀和森林密度化有关的无意增加。我们的研究结果突出了生态影响评估和管理工作的目标领域。此外，我们还表明，越来越需要评估扩大松树人工林面积对森林生态和野火风险变化的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Intermediate browsing by diverse deer communities is linked to variation in vegetation structure and species richness in vascular plants 不同鹿群的中间浏览与植被结构和维管植物物种丰富度的变化有关

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123422

Joseph John Anderson, Anne-Maarit Hekkala, Fredrik Widemo

Natural disturbances, including herbivory by deer, are key drivers of forest dynamics, yet their role in shaping field-layer plant diversity remains unresolved. We investigated how variation in deer density and community composition relates to field-layer plant richness in boreonemoral forest, with reference to the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH). Using annual pellet counts from 2012 to 2023, we quantified long-term densities of moose (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and small deer (roe Capreolus capreolus and fallow Dama dama combined) across 33 1 × 1 km forest tracts in central Sweden. We derived a Deer Energetic Requirement (DER) index by converting species densities to Klieber-scaled metabolic demands and summing across species. In 2023, field-layer vascular plants were surveyed, and relationships between deer densities, vegetation structure, and species richness were analysed. Bilberry browsing increased with both small deer density and DER, confirming that density estimates reflect realised browsing pressure. Vascular plant richness showed a unimodal relationship with small deer density, consistent with the IDH. Contrastingly, field-layer richness had a negative relationship with moose population density, while no relationship was found for red deer. Intermediate levels of DER were associated with lower dwarf shrub cover and higher vertical gap fraction and graminoid cover. These structural differences appeared to be the main indirect pathway through which deer density was related to diversity. Our findings emphasise the importance of browser community composition, density, and heterogeneity in structuring boreonemoral field-layers. Moderate browsing, especially by small deer, can enhance plant diversity by mediating resource availability in forest ecosystems.

自然干扰，包括鹿的草食，是森林动态的关键驱动因素，但它们在形成田层植物多样性方面的作用仍未得到解决。基于中间干扰假说（IDH），研究了北纬针叶林鹿群密度和群落组成的变化与田间层植物丰富度的关系。利用2012年至2023年的年度颗粒计数，我们量化了瑞典中部331 × 1 公里森林带中驼鹿（Alces Alces）、马鹿（Cervus elaphus）和小鹿（roe Capreolus Capreolus Capreolus和休耕地Dama Dama的组合）的长期密度。通过将物种密度转换为klieber尺度的代谢需求，并对不同物种进行求和，得出了鹿的能量需求指数。2023年对大田层维管植物进行了调查，分析了鹿密度、植被结构和物种丰富度之间的关系。越橘的浏览量随着小鹿密度和DER的增加而增加，证实了密度估计值反映了已实现的浏览压力。维管植物丰富度与小鹿密度呈单峰关系，与IDH一致。驼鹿种群密度与层数丰富度呈负相关，马鹿种群密度与层数丰富度无相关。中等水平的DER与矮灌木盖度低、垂直林隙分数和禾本科盖度高相关。这些结构差异似乎是鹿密度与多样性相关的主要间接途径。我们的研究结果强调了浏览器群落组成、密度和异质性在构建北领地层中的重要性。适度的取食，特别是小鹿的取食，可以通过调节森林生态系统的资源可用性来增强植物多样性。

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引用次数: 0