Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第9页

Intermediate browsing by diverse deer communities is linked to variation in vegetation structure and species richness in vascular plants 不同鹿群的中间浏览与植被结构和维管植物物种丰富度的变化有关

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123422

Joseph John Anderson, Anne-Maarit Hekkala, Fredrik Widemo

Natural disturbances, including herbivory by deer, are key drivers of forest dynamics, yet their role in shaping field-layer plant diversity remains unresolved. We investigated how variation in deer density and community composition relates to field-layer plant richness in boreonemoral forest, with reference to the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH). Using annual pellet counts from 2012 to 2023, we quantified long-term densities of moose (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and small deer (roe Capreolus capreolus and fallow Dama dama combined) across 33 1 × 1 km forest tracts in central Sweden. We derived a Deer Energetic Requirement (DER) index by converting species densities to Klieber-scaled metabolic demands and summing across species. In 2023, field-layer vascular plants were surveyed, and relationships between deer densities, vegetation structure, and species richness were analysed. Bilberry browsing increased with both small deer density and DER, confirming that density estimates reflect realised browsing pressure. Vascular plant richness showed a unimodal relationship with small deer density, consistent with the IDH. Contrastingly, field-layer richness had a negative relationship with moose population density, while no relationship was found for red deer. Intermediate levels of DER were associated with lower dwarf shrub cover and higher vertical gap fraction and graminoid cover. These structural differences appeared to be the main indirect pathway through which deer density was related to diversity. Our findings emphasise the importance of browser community composition, density, and heterogeneity in structuring boreonemoral field-layers. Moderate browsing, especially by small deer, can enhance plant diversity by mediating resource availability in forest ecosystems.

自然干扰，包括鹿的草食，是森林动态的关键驱动因素，但它们在形成田层植物多样性方面的作用仍未得到解决。基于中间干扰假说（IDH），研究了北纬针叶林鹿群密度和群落组成的变化与田间层植物丰富度的关系。利用2012年至2023年的年度颗粒计数，我们量化了瑞典中部331 × 1 公里森林带中驼鹿（Alces Alces）、马鹿（Cervus elaphus）和小鹿（roe Capreolus Capreolus Capreolus和休耕地Dama Dama的组合）的长期密度。通过将物种密度转换为klieber尺度的代谢需求，并对不同物种进行求和，得出了鹿的能量需求指数。2023年对大田层维管植物进行了调查，分析了鹿密度、植被结构和物种丰富度之间的关系。越橘的浏览量随着小鹿密度和DER的增加而增加，证实了密度估计值反映了已实现的浏览压力。维管植物丰富度与小鹿密度呈单峰关系，与IDH一致。驼鹿种群密度与层数丰富度呈负相关，马鹿种群密度与层数丰富度无相关。中等水平的DER与矮灌木盖度低、垂直林隙分数和禾本科盖度高相关。这些结构差异似乎是鹿密度与多样性相关的主要间接途径。我们的研究结果强调了浏览器群落组成、密度和异质性在构建北领地层中的重要性。适度的取食，特别是小鹿的取食，可以通过调节森林生态系统的资源可用性来增强植物多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of RF and GBT models for dead fuel moisture estimation and fuel-type-specific drivers under drought conditions in Central Yunnan, China 基于RF和GBT模型的滇中干旱条件下死燃料水分估算及燃料类型驱动因素对比评价

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123458

Yuanbei Liu, Yanxia Wang, Weihong Zeng, Wenqi Zhang, Ruliang Zhou

Dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) plays a critical role in forest fire ignition and spread. However, its high spatiotemporal resolution mapping remains challenging owing to pronounced short-term variability, heterogeneous fuel responses, and nonlinear season-dependent environmental controls. Using intra-day continuous measurements collected from real woodland environments during the early and late dry seasons, this study investigated DFMC dynamics across four dead fuel types and evaluated the performance of Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) models optimized using grid search and Bayesian optimization. Statistically significant differences were detected among Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, and Quercus spp., although mean DFMC differences were small (≤4.29 %). Across seasons and fuel types, DFMC exhibited substantial variability, with the overall mean difference between the early and late dry seasons reaching 18.30 %. The maximum mean difference among fuel types was 6.68 %, observed between thin branches and humus. Model comparisons showed that GBT with Bayesian optimization achieved slightly higher predictive accuracy, whereas RF with grid search demonstrated greater robustness by more effectively limiting overfitting. During the early dry season, DFMC variations in thick branches, shrubs, and humus were predominantly controlled by topographic factors, whereas thin branches were mainly influenced by meteorological conditions. In the late dry season, the influence of topography weakened, stand-related factors became increasingly important for thick branches, thin branches and shrubs, and meteorological factors dominated humus moisture dynamics. By quantifying short-term DFMC fluctuations and identifying season- and fuel-type-dependent shifts in dominant environmental drivers, this study provides novel mechanistic insights into fine-scale DFMC dynamics and strengthens the scientific basis for high-resolution fire risk monitoring.

死燃料含水率（DFMC）对森林火灾的发生和蔓延起着至关重要的作用。然而，由于明显的短期变异性、异质燃料响应和非线性季节依赖的环境控制，其高时空分辨率制图仍然具有挑战性。本研究利用在旱季早期和晚期从真实林地环境中收集的日间连续测量数据，研究了四种死燃料类型的DFMC动态，并评估了使用网格搜索和贝叶斯优化优化的随机森林（RF）和梯度增强树（GBT）模型的性能。云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）、山地松（Pinus armandii）和栎树（Quercus spp.）的DFMC平均值差异较小（≤4.29 %），但差异有统计学意义。在不同的季节和燃料类型中，DFMC表现出很大的差异，旱季早期和晚期的总体平均差异达到18.30% %。细枝与腐殖质燃料类型间的最大平均差异为6.68 %。模型比较表明，GBT与贝叶斯优化的预测精度略高，而网格搜索的RF通过更有效地限制过拟合表现出更强的鲁棒性。干季早期，粗枝、灌木和腐殖质的DFMC变化主要受地形因素控制，而细枝的DFMC变化主要受气象条件的影响。在旱季后期，地形的影响减弱，林分相关因子对粗枝、细枝和灌木的影响日益重要，气象因子主导腐殖质水分动态。通过量化DFMC的短期波动和确定主要环境驱动因素的季节和燃料类型依赖变化，本研究为DFMC的精细动力学提供了新的机制见解，并加强了高分辨率火灾风险监测的科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

The role of mixed-species forests in post-fire soil organic carbon restoration: Mechanisms and microbial-mediated pathways 混交林在火灾后土壤有机碳恢复中的作用：机制和微生物介导的途径

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123429

Yaowen Xu , Jiejie Jiao , Yanjie Fang , Liangjin Yao , Chuping Wu

Wildfire-induced soil organic C (SOC) loss threatens global C sequestration. However, the mechanisms underlying SOC recovery during reforestation, particularly the roles of tree diversity and microbial-mediated pathways, remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to quantify SOC accumulation patterns across restoration methods and identify microbial mechanisms underlying SOC storage. To this end, we compared monoculture, two-species mixture, and five-species mixture plantations in a subtropical forest 14 years post-fire by integrating SOC fractionation (particulate organic C and mineral-associated organic C [MAOC]), microbial physiological traits (C use efficiency [CUE] and turnover), necromass biomarkers (amino sugars), and soil physicochemical properties. Adjacent undisturbed secondary forests with analogous edaphic and topographic conditions served as reference ecosystems. The five-species mixture restored 77.97 % of the reference SOC levels, significantly outperforming the monoculture (48.76 %) and two-species mixture (65.23 %), primarily through MAOC accumulation (76.55 % of the reference). Microbial necromass C (bacteria + fungi) was the dominant predictor of MAOC (36.1 % of explained variance), whereas CUE showed no significant relationship with SOC. Rapidly available N promoted necromass–MAOC coupling by alleviating microbial stoichiometric constraints. These results demonstrate that reforestation enhances post-fire SOC stabilization by diversifying microbial necromass inputs and optimizing organo–mineral interactions, rather than through metabolic efficiency. Our findings challenge the universal role of CUE in SOC models and advocate for biodiversity-driven strategies to restore fire-affected landscapes.

野火引起的土壤有机碳（SOC）损失威胁着全球碳的封存。然而，重新造林过程中土壤有机碳恢复的机制，特别是树木多样性和微生物介导途径的作用，仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在量化不同恢复方法的有机碳积累模式，并确定有机碳储存的微生物机制。为此，我们通过整合土壤有机碳分异（颗粒有机碳和矿物相关有机碳[MAOC]）、微生物生理性状（碳利用效率[CUE]和周转量）、死块生物标志物（氨基糖）和土壤理化性质，对火灾后14年的亚热带森林单栽、两种混合和五种混合人工林进行了比较。邻近的原始次生林具有类似的土壤和地形条件，可作为参考生态系统。5种混合处理恢复了参考土壤有机碳水平的77.97 %，显著优于单种混合处理（48.76 %）和2种混合处理（65.23 %），主要是通过积累MAOC（76.55 %）。微生物坏死块C（细菌+真菌）是MAOC的主要预测因子（占解释方差的36.1% %），而CUE与SOC没有显著关系。速效氮通过减轻微生物化学计量限制促进了坏死物质- maoc耦合。这些结果表明，造林通过多样化微生物坏死块输入和优化有机矿物质相互作用来增强火灾后有机碳的稳定，而不是通过代谢效率。我们的研究结果挑战了CUE在SOC模型中的普遍作用，并倡导采用生物多样性驱动的策略来恢复受火灾影响的景观。

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引用次数: 0

Climate determined the influences of competition on age-dependent tree growth in temperate forests 气候决定了竞争对温带森林树木年龄依赖性生长的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123479

Ao Wang , Mingchao Du , Chen Xu , Qiang Liu , Xianliang Zhang

Although numerous studies have quantified competition impacts on tree growth, how competition–growth relationships influenced by climate remain poorly understood. We employed tree-ring chronologies and forest inventory data from 370 trees across age classes to investigate the mediating role of hydrothermal conditions in the age-dependent competition–growth dynamics of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla in temperate forest of North China. The results showed that growing-season Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), precipitation, and diurnal temperature range had a stronger influence on the growth of younger B. platyphylla, while the growth of older individuals was more sensitive to temperature. In contrast, the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii was generally more strongly driven by climatic factors, particularly in middle-aged and older trees. For both species, the competition–growth relationship exhibited consistently negative correlations across all age classes. Increased moisture alleviated competition effects for middle-aged B. platyphylla (P < 0.05), but intensified the negative effects of competition on growth in older individuals. No significant moisture limitation was detected on the competition–growth relationship for L. principis-rupprechtii. Elevated temperatures intensified competition effects on growth for middle-aged and older trees of both species (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that competition–growth relationships are co-determined by tree age and hydrothermal interactions. In the context of mid-age forest management, selectively thinning mature B. platyphylla stands can mitigate competition-induced growth suppression during wet periods, and greater attention to age-structured stand management is essential for enhancing forest adaptability under climate change.

尽管许多研究已经量化了竞争对树木生长的影响，但气候对竞争-生长关系的影响仍然知之甚少。利用370棵不同年龄层树木的年轮年表和森林清查数据，研究了热液条件在华北温带森林落叶松和白桦年龄依赖性竞争-生长动态中的中介作用。结果表明，生长季节Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI）、降水量和日温差对白桦幼树的生长影响较大，而老龄个体的生长对温度更为敏感。相比之下，华北冬青的径向生长受气候因子的影响更大，尤其是中老年乔木。对于这两个物种，竞争-生长关系在所有年龄段都表现出一致的负相关。湿度的增加减轻了中年白桦的竞争效应（P <； 0.05），但加剧了竞争对老年白桦生长的负面影响。没有发现明显的水分限制对华北冬青的竞争-生长关系有影响。高温加剧了竞争对两种树种中老年乔木生长的影响（P <； 0.05）。这些发现表明，竞争-生长关系是由树龄和热液相互作用共同决定的。在林龄管理的背景下，成熟白桦林分的选择性间伐可以缓解湿期竞争导致的生长抑制，重视林龄结构管理对提高森林对气候变化的适应能力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Land-use legacies drive distinct recovery trajectories and persistently shape the taxonomic and functional composition of tree communities 土地利用遗产驱动不同的恢复轨迹，并持续塑造树木群落的分类和功能组成

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123463

Vanessa de Souza Moreno , Fabio A.R. Matos , Ricardo G. César , Gabriel D. Colleta , Elisa Díaz García , Robin L. Chazdon , Pedro H.S. Brancalion

Second-growth forests play a fundamental role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services in deforested tropical landscapes. However, land-use imposes constraints on forest restoration and ecosystem functioning, thereby posing challenges to the attainment of global restoration targets established by the UN-Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Here, we investigated how contrasting land-use influences species composition and alpha taxonomic diversity, as well as taxonomic and functional β-diversity and local contributions to β-diversity, in second-growth forests regenerating on former plantations of Eucalyptus spp. and abandoned pasturelands within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We further examined whether the partitioning of β-diversity (turnover and nestedness) and functional trait composition reflected land-use legacies. The two forest types differed in species composition and showed high within-group variation in taxonomic and functional β-diversity. However, they had similar mean alpha taxonomic diversity, mean within-group β-diversity, and mean between-group local contributions to β-diversity. Furthermore, β-diversity patterns were primarily structured by turnover (heterogenisation) in former pasturelands and nestedness (homogenisation) in former plantations. This heterogenisation was linked to functional traits characteristic of early successional stages during ecosystem recomposition, whereas homogenisation corresponded to traits typical of more advanced successional stages. These findings suggest that, although overall β-diversity converges over time across different land-use types, marked variation in the composition of functional traits still persist, indicating that community reassembly processes remain strongly influenced by prior land-use. Importantly, the integration of commercial exotic – but non-invasive – species into restoration strategies may enhance ecological effectiveness, financial viability, and scalability, thereby supporting cost-effective large-scale reforestation initiatives.

次生林在森林砍伐的热带景观中，在保护生物多样性和维持生态系统服务方面发挥着重要作用。然而，土地利用限制了森林恢复和生态系统功能，从而对实现联合国生态系统恢复十年确定的全球恢复目标构成挑战。本文研究了巴西大西洋森林中桉树人工林和撂撂地次生林更新过程中不同土地利用方式对物种组成、α分类多样性、β-多样性和功能多样性的影响，以及对β-多样性的局部贡献。我们进一步研究了β多样性（周转和巢性）和功能性状组成的划分是否反映了土地利用遗产。两种林型在物种组成上存在差异，在分类多样性和功能多样性上表现出较高的群内差异。然而，它们具有相似的平均α分类多样性、平均群内β-多样性和平均群间β-多样性的局部贡献。此外，β-多样性模式主要由前牧场的周转（异质化）和前人工林的巢性（均质化）构成。这种异质性与生态系统重构过程中早期演替阶段的功能特征有关，而均质化则与更高级演替阶段的典型特征有关。这些发现表明，尽管在不同的土地利用类型中，β-多样性随着时间的推移趋于收敛，但功能特征组成的显著差异仍然存在，表明群落重组过程仍然受到先前土地利用的强烈影响。重要的是，将商业外来物种（但非侵入性）整合到恢复战略中可以提高生态有效性、财务可行性和可扩展性，从而支持具有成本效益的大规模再造林计划。

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引用次数: 0

Deconstructing driver importance: A geospatial explainable AI approach to modeling pine wilt disease susceptibility in China 解构驱动因素的重要性：中国松树萎蔫病易感性的地理空间可解释人工智能建模方法

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123471

Lin Chen, Yu Liu

Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), poses a significant and escalating threat to global forest ecosystems. Accurate susceptibility mapping and a deep understanding of its drivers are critical for effective management. This study pioneers a geospatial explainable AI (GeoXAI) framework to model PWD susceptibility across China and unravel the complex, spatially-varying importance of its drivers. We integrated 14 environmental, biotic, and anthropogenic predictors to train four machine learning models, of which CatBoost demonstrated superior performance (AUC = 0.9837). We then employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and GeoShapley to interpret the model. Results identified beetle vector abundance (BV), host susceptibility index (SHI), and distance to road (DTR) as the dominant global drivers. Critically, the GeoShapley analysis revealed profound spatial heterogeneity in these drivers’ impacts; for instance, the risk-enhancing effect of proximity to roads was dramatically amplified along a broad central–eastern corridor extending into southeastern China, while the influence of elevation and ecosystem productivity varied among regions. By decomposing driver importance into non-spatial (primary) and spatially-explicit (interaction) components, we provide the first quantitative evidence that a driver’s influence is fundamentally context-dependent. This work not only delivers a highly accurate national-scale PWD susceptibility map but also establishes a new paradigm for diagnosing spatially-explicit ecological risks, enabling a critical shift from uniform policies to targeted, geography-aware intervention strategies.

松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）引起的松材枯萎病（PWD）对全球森林生态系统构成了重大且不断升级的威胁。准确的易感性映射和对其驱动因素的深刻理解对于有效管理至关重要。本研究开创了一个地理空间可解释的人工智能（GeoXAI）框架，以模拟中国各地的PWD易感性，并揭示其驱动因素复杂的、空间变化的重要性。我们整合了14个环境、生物和人为预测因子来训练4个机器学习模型，其中CatBoost表现出优异的性能（AUC = 0.9837）。然后，我们使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）和GeoShapley来解释模型。结果表明，甲虫媒介丰度（BV）、寄主敏感性指数（SHI）和距离道路（DTR）是全球主要的影响因子。重要的是，GeoShapley分析揭示了这些驱动因素影响的深刻空间异质性；例如，在延伸至中国东南部的中东部走廊上，靠近道路的风险增加效应显著放大，而海拔和生态系统生产力的影响因地区而异。通过将驾驶员的重要性分解为非空间（主要）和空间显式（相互作用）组件，我们提供了第一个定量证据，表明驾驶员的影响基本上是依赖于上下文的。这项工作不仅提供了一个高度精确的全国范围的PWD易感性图，而且还建立了一个新的范式，用于诊断空间明确的生态风险，实现了从统一政策到有针对性的地理意识干预策略的关键转变。

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引用次数: 0

Competition release dominates growth recovery of four subtropical broadleaved tree species following an extreme snow event 极端雪灾后4种亚热带阔叶树种的生长恢复受竞争释放支配

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123439

Tong-Liang Xu , Rao-Qiong Yang , Zaw Zaw , Shankar Panthi , Xin-Hua Peng , Ju-Mei Zhang , Pei-Li Fu , Ke-Yan Fang , Ze-Xin Fan

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events profoundly threatens forest ecosystem functioning. Although substantial research has examined extreme snowfall impacts on subtropical forest dynamics, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding post-disturbance tree growth recovery trajectories and their mechanistic drivers. This study investigated growth recovery and resilience following a severe 2015 snowstorm in four most prevalent broad-leaved species (Stewartia pteropetiolata, Machilus yunnanensis, Schima noronhea, and Machilus gamblei) within a primary subtropical evergreen forest in the Ailao Mountain of Southwest China. By combining dendrochronological analysis with long-term census data from two 1-ha permanent plots, we quantified growth recovery patterns and their relationships with tree age/size, pre-disturbance growth performance, and competition release (σCI). Our results showed that snow damage impacts on radial growth, recovery, and resilience varied significantly among species. Specifically, over 50 % of Stewartia pteropetiolata and Machilus yunnanensis individuals recovered pre-snow growth rates within one year, whereas Schima noronhea and Machilus gamblei required up to four years to fully recover. Competition release (σCI) was the primary factor governing growth recovery and resilience. These findings provide a crucial basis for developing management strategies to sustain subtropical forest ecosystem services in the face of increasing extreme climate events.

极端天气事件日益频繁，严重威胁着森林生态系统的功能。尽管大量研究已经研究了极端降雪对亚热带森林动态的影响，但关于扰动后树木生长恢复轨迹及其机制驱动因素的关键知识差距仍然存在。研究了哀哀山亚热带原始常绿森林中4种最常见的阔叶物种（翼叶木香、云南木香、东北木香和野木香）在2015年强雪灾后的生长恢复和恢复力。通过对2个1-ha永久样地的长期普查数据进行年轮分析，量化了树木生长恢复模式及其与树龄/大小、干扰前生长表现和竞争释放（σCI）的关系。结果表明，雪害对植物径向生长、恢复和恢复力的影响在不同物种间存在显著差异。具体来说，超过50% %的翼叶木荷和云南木荷在一年内恢复了雪前生长速率，而东北木荷和野木荷则需要长达四年的时间才能完全恢复。竞争释放度（σCI）是影响增长恢复和弹性的主要因素。这些发现为制定管理策略提供了重要依据，以便在极端气候事件日益增多的情况下维持亚热带森林生态系统服务。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing fire regime assessment in the Indian Himalayan forests using GEDI LiDAR 利用GEDI激光雷达推进印度喜马拉雅森林火情评估

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123475

Konica Bhandari, Gulab Singh

Wildfires are the leading cause of forest degradation and reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems. As climate change intensifies fire regimes, accurately mapping burn severity and biomass loss remains difficult, particularly in complex mountainous terrain. Traditional remote sensing approaches based on optical data often fail to capture sub-canopy and structural variations, while field-based methods are constrained by scale, access, and logistical complexity. To address these limitations, this study utilises NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) LiDAR data to capture three-dimensional forest structure and monitor changes in aboveground biomass. Focusing on the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), we utilised GEDI structural metrics for fire severity classifications derived from NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) data. Spatial fire density mapping revealed that Evergreen Needleleaf (ENL), Evergreen Broadleaf (EBL), and Deciduous Broadleaf (DBL) plant functional types (PFTs) are particularly vulnerable to recurring fires. The GEDI Level 4 A AGBD product, when tested in the IHR, showed a tendency to underestimate biomass relative to regional field studies, indicating the need for localised calibration in rugged terrain. We found that the pre-monsoon fire season resulted in a biomass loss of 14.33 Mg/ha for the ENL PFT, while the EBL PFT showed a biomass gain of 3.15 Mg/ha. A Random Forest model utilising GEDI structural inputs for fire severity classification achieved an overall accuracy of 85 %. We found that vegetation structural complexity, rather than canopy height, is a more important predictor of high fire severity. We also evaluated the Waveform Structural Complexity Index (WSCI), a novel GEDI metric that effectively characterised fire severity across the under-storey vegetation. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating 3D vegetation structure into fire impact assessments, moving beyond the limitations of conventional two-dimensional optical datasets.

野火是森林退化的主要原因，降低了森林生态系统的固碳能力。由于气候变化加剧了火灾状况，准确绘制烧伤严重程度和生物量损失的地图仍然很困难，特别是在复杂的山区地形。传统的基于光学数据的遥感方法往往无法捕获亚冠层和结构变化，而基于实地的方法则受到规模、获取和后勤复杂性的限制。为了解决这些限制，本研究利用NASA的全球生态系统动力学调查（GEDI）激光雷达数据来捕获三维森林结构并监测地上生物量的变化。以印度喜马拉雅地区（IHR）为重点，我们利用GEDI结构指标进行火灾严重程度分类，这些指标来源于NASA的火灾信息资源管理系统（FIRMS）数据。空间火灾密度图显示，常绿针叶（ENL）、常绿阔叶（EBL）和落叶阔叶（DBL）植物功能类型（PFTs）特别容易发生火灾。GEDI 4级 A AGBD产品在《国际卫生条例》中进行测试时，显示出相对于区域实地研究低估生物量的趋势，这表明需要在崎岖地形中进行局部校准。研究发现，季风前火灾导致ENL PFT的生物量损失为14.33 Mg/ha，而EBL PFT的生物量增加为3.15 Mg/ha。随机森林模型利用GEDI结构输入进行火灾严重程度分类，总体准确率达到85% %。我们发现植被结构复杂性，而不是冠层高度，是高火灾严重程度的更重要预测因子。我们还评估了波形结构复杂性指数（WSCI），这是一种新的GEDI指标，可以有效地表征下层植被的火灾严重程度。这些发现强调了将三维植被结构纳入火灾影响评估的重要性，超越了传统二维光学数据集的局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Summer aridity modulates tree growth response to thinning in Mediterranean pines 夏季干旱调节地中海松树生长对间伐的反应

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123485

Daniel Moreno-Fernández, Miren del Río, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Isabel Cañellas

Forest management offers a proven tool for adapting forests to changing climatic conditions and mitigating their impacts. However, the interaction between forest management practices and climatic conditions in Mediterranean forests warrants further investigation. The primary objective of this study is to assess the combined impact of climate and thinning on secondary tree growth in Mediterranean pines. For the purposes of this study, we leveraged long-term forest information from nine thinning trials established in four Mediterranean pine stands, comprising two subspecies of Pinus nigra Arn. (Black pine subsp nigra and salzmannii), Pinus pinaster Ait. (Maritime pine), Pinus pinea L. (Stone pine) and Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine). We found a significant, positive association between growth and thinning intensity and a negative relationship with summer aridity. Interestingly, our results revealed that the interaction between thinning and climate is species-specific but also site-specific for Scots pine. Overall, we concluded that thinning is a powerful tool for adapting forests to harsher climatic conditions in the Mediterranean Basin. However, the reduction in density may not be sufficient for forests to adapt when climatic conditions become extremely harsh.

森林管理是使森林适应不断变化的气候条件和减轻其影响的行之有效的工具。然而，地中海森林的森林管理做法与气候条件之间的相互作用值得进一步调查。本研究的主要目的是评估气候和间伐对地中海松树次生树生长的综合影响。为了本研究的目的，我们利用了在四个地中海松林中建立的九个间伐试验的长期森林信息，其中包括两个黑松亚种。（黑松subsp nigra和salzmannii）；（海松）、松木松（石松）和苏格兰松（苏格兰松）。我们发现生长和间伐强度之间存在显著的正相关关系，而与夏季干旱呈负相关关系。有趣的是，我们的研究结果表明，对苏格兰松来说，间伐和气候之间的相互作用是物种特异性的，也是地点特异性的。总的来说，我们得出结论，在地中海盆地，疏林是使森林适应更恶劣气候条件的有力工具。然而，当气候条件变得极其恶劣时，密度的减少可能不足以使森林适应。

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引用次数: 0

Plant functional trait shifts and biodiversity patterns across urban embedding gradients in karst remnant mountain forests 喀斯特残山林城市埋置梯度植物功能性状变化与生物多样性格局

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123486

Gilbert Kumilamba, Shujun Liu, Zhijie Wang , Jinghao Li, Jian Huang

Urbanization increasingly fragments natural habitats, creating remnant ecosystems embedded within dense urban environments. However, how urban embedding and internal environmental heterogeneity jointly shape biodiversity across vegetation strata remains poorly understood. This study investigated twelve karst remnant mountains in Guiyang City, China, stratified into four embedding levels (no, low, moderate, high) using spatial kernel density analysis. Across tree, shrub, and herb layers, species diversity (richness, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou) and functional diversity (functional richness (FRic), evenness (FEve), divergence (FDiv), dispersion (FDis), and Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ)) were quantified, based on plant height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and coverage traits alongside topographic variables. Tree diversity declined with increasing embedding, with reduced FRic and FDiv indicating trait convergence toward fewer, competitively dominant species. Shrubs exhibited marked losses of functional richness and divergence, suggesting niche homogenization. In contrast, herbs displayed greater FRic under higher embedding, reflecting colonization by disturbance-tolerant species, though declines in FEve and RaoQ indicated uneven trait distribution and reduced stability. Across all strata, species, and functional diversity weakened along the embedding gradient, signaling a decoupling of taxonomic and functional dimensions. Redundancy analysis and PLS-SEM revealed altitude, slope, and rock exposure as the strongest drivers of both species and functional diversity, acting through environmental filtering on trait expression. This study reveals that urban embedding reduces biodiversity and alters functional trait strategies in karst remnant ecosystems. The findings highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity in buffering urban stress and provide a trait-based framework to guide biodiversity conservation in fragmented urban landscapes.

城市化日益破坏自然栖息地，在密集的城市环境中形成残留的生态系统。然而，城市嵌入和内部环境异质性如何共同影响植被层的生物多样性仍然知之甚少。以贵阳市12座喀斯特残山为研究对象，采用空间核密度分析方法，将其划分为无、低、中、高4个包埋等级。基于植物高度、胸径（DBH）和覆盖度特征以及地形变量，对乔木、灌木和草本层的物种多样性（丰富度，Shannon, Simpson, Pielou）和功能多样性（功能丰富度（FRic）、均匀度（FEve）、散度（FDiv）、离散度（FDis）和Rao’s二次熵（RaoQ））进行了量化。树木多样性随着嵌入的增加而下降，FRic和FDiv的减少表明性状向较少的竞争优势物种趋同。灌木的功能丰富度和多样性明显减少，表明生态位同质化。相比之下，在较高的嵌入下，草本植物显示出更高的FRic，这反映了耐扰动物种的定植，尽管FEve和RaoQ的下降表明性状分布不均匀，稳定性降低。在所有地层中，物种和功能多样性沿嵌入梯度减弱，标志着分类和功能维度的脱钩。冗余分析和PLS-SEM显示，海拔、坡度和岩石暴露是物种和功能多样性的最大驱动因素，通过环境过滤对性状表达起作用。研究表明，城市嵌入降低了喀斯特生态系统的生物多样性，改变了喀斯特生态系统的功能性状策略。研究结果强调了生境异质性在缓冲城市压力方面的重要性，并为指导碎片化城市景观中生物多样性保护提供了一个基于特征的框架。

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引用次数: 0