Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第2页

Growth, photosynthesis and biochemical responses of Juniperus excelsa seedlings to salicylic acid and silicon under salt stress 盐胁迫下杨柏幼苗生长、光合及生化对水杨酸和硅的响应

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123564

Cengiz Yucedag , Oliver Gailing

Soil salinity significantly inhibits plant growth and physiology by causing oxidative stress. This study explored the alleviating roles of salicylic acid and silicon in salt-induced reductions in growth, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress reactions of Juniperus excelsa seedlings. The study was carried out in an open-air shaded environment at the Research and Practice Facility of Çankırı Karatekin University. In early February 2023, a randomized complete block design was set up with three factorial treatments of NaCl (0, 40, 80 mM), salicylic acid (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM), and silicon (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM). A factorial ANOVA, principal component analysis and correlation heatmap were used to examine trait responses and stress-reduction strategies. Salinity inhibited the growth of J. excelsa seedlings in a dose-dependent manner with a particularly sensitive response of photosynthetic pigments and root biomass. Salicylic acid and silicon mitigated these negative effects through distinct yet functionally convergent mechanisms. By reducing oxidative damage and stabilizing pigments, SA improved biochemical resilience whereas S mainly strengthened structural traits such as shoot height and root length. Despite their positive effects under non-saline conditions, the protective efficacy of both treatments declined under severe salt stress. Given the study’s early growth-stage focus and methodological limitations, further field-based and molecular studies are required to optimize application strategies and validate long-term salinity resilience in J. excelsa.

土壤盐分通过引起氧化胁迫显著抑制植物生长和生理。本研究探讨了水杨酸和硅在盐胁迫下刺柏幼苗生长、光合色素和氧化应激反应降低中的缓解作用。这项研究是在Çankırı空手道金大学研究和实践设施的露天阴凉环境中进行的。在2023年2月初，建立了随机完全区组设计，采用NaCl（0、40、80 mM）、水杨酸（0、0.5、1、2 mM）和硅（0、0.5、1、2 mM）三因子处理。采用因子方差分析、主成分分析和相关热图来检验性状反应和减压策略。盐度对黄杨幼苗生长的抑制呈剂量依赖性，对光合色素和根系生物量的影响尤为敏感。水杨酸和硅通过不同但功能趋同的机制减轻了这些负面影响。SA通过减少氧化损伤和稳定色素来提高生化抗逆性，而S主要增强茎高和根长等结构性状。尽管在无盐条件下有积极作用，但在严重的盐胁迫下，两种处理的保护效果都有所下降。考虑到该研究的早期生长阶段和方法的局限性，需要进一步的现场和分子研究来优化应用策略，并验证J. excelsa的长期耐盐性。

{"title":"Growth, photosynthesis and biochemical responses of Juniperus excelsa seedlings to salicylic acid and silicon under salt stress","authors":"Cengiz Yucedag , Oliver Gailing","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity significantly inhibits plant growth and physiology by causing oxidative stress. This study explored the alleviating roles of salicylic acid and silicon in salt-induced reductions in growth, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress reactions of <em>Juniperus excelsa</em> seedlings. The study was carried out in an open-air shaded environment at the Research and Practice Facility of Çankırı Karatekin University. In early February 2023, a randomized complete block design was set up with three factorial treatments of NaCl (0, 40, 80 mM), salicylic acid (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM), and silicon (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM). A factorial ANOVA, principal component analysis and correlation heatmap were used to examine trait responses and stress-reduction strategies. Salinity inhibited the growth of <em>J. excelsa</em> seedlings in a dose-dependent manner with a particularly sensitive response of photosynthetic pigments and root biomass. Salicylic acid and silicon mitigated these negative effects through distinct yet functionally convergent mechanisms. By reducing oxidative damage and stabilizing pigments, SA improved biochemical resilience whereas S mainly strengthened structural traits such as shoot height and root length. Despite their positive effects under non-saline conditions, the protective efficacy of both treatments declined under severe salt stress. Given the study’s early growth-stage focus and methodological limitations, further field-based and molecular studies are required to optimize application strategies and validate long-term salinity resilience in <em>J. excelsa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slope aspect alleviates the response of soil protistan functional structure to the conversion of natural forests to chestnut plantations in subtropical forests 坡向缓解了亚热带天然林向栗树人工林转变过程中土壤原生生物功能结构的响应

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123559

Jianqing Wang , Wendi Geng , Ziyi Jiang , Francis Q. Brearley , Minhui Xu , Xiuzhen Shi

Land-use changes are altering the function and composition of soil microbial communities. However, the impacts of land-use change on the taxonomic structure and functional composition of soil protistan communities remain poorly understood in subtropical forests. This study investigates this knowledge gap by evaluating the consequences of natural forest conversion to chestnut (Castanea spp.) plantations on soil protistan communities, with particular attention paid to the role of slope aspect in subtropical forests. We found that converting natural forests to chestnut plantations resulted in a significant decline in the abundance and diversity of soil phototrophic protists by 38 % and 36 %, respectively. By contrast, this land-use change led to a marked increase in the abundance and diversity of soil parasitic protists by 97 % and 63 %, respectively. The conversion significantly reduced the ratio of consumer-to-parasite protists by 48 %, indicating a potential weakening of top-down control by consumer protists. Furthermore, the complexity of soil protistan co-occurrence networks was less in chestnut plantations than in natural forests in south-facing (sunny) slopes. In contrast, north-facing (shaded) slopes significantly amplified the positive influence of chestnut plantation conversion on the relative abundance and diversity of soil parasitic protists. Overall, the concurrent decline in phototrophs, increase in parasites, decline in the ratio of consumer-to-parasite protists, and simplified co-occurrence networks collectively suggest that converting natural forests to chestnut plantations compromised soil protistan functioning and ecosystem stability. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating slope aspect into plantation management strategies to monitor and moderate the shift towards functionally balanced soil protistan communities.

土地利用变化正在改变土壤微生物群落的功能和组成。然而，土地利用变化对亚热带森林土壤原生生物群落分类结构和功能组成的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过评估天然林转化为板栗人工林对土壤原生生物群落的影响来调查这一知识差距，并特别关注了亚热带森林中坡向的作用。结果表明，栗树人工林导致土壤光合原生生物的丰度和多样性分别下降了38% %和36% %。相比之下，这种土地利用变化导致土壤寄生原生生物的丰度和多样性分别显著增加97 %和63 %。这种转化显著降低了原生生物从消费者到寄生虫的比例，降低了48% %，表明消费者原生生物自上而下的控制可能减弱。此外，栗树人工林土壤原生生物共生网络的复杂性低于南向（阳坡）天然林。相反，朝北（遮荫）坡地显著放大了栗子林转换对土壤寄生原生生物相对丰度和多样性的正向影响。总体而言，光养生物数量的减少、寄生虫数量的增加、原生生物与寄生虫比例的下降以及共生网络的简化共同表明，将天然林转化为栗树人工林损害了土壤原生生物的功能和生态系统的稳定性。我们的研究强调了将坡向纳入人工林管理策略的重要性，以监测和调节向功能平衡的土壤原生群落的转变。

{"title":"Slope aspect alleviates the response of soil protistan functional structure to the conversion of natural forests to chestnut plantations in subtropical forests","authors":"Jianqing Wang , Wendi Geng , Ziyi Jiang , Francis Q. Brearley , Minhui Xu , Xiuzhen Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land-use changes are altering the function and composition of soil microbial communities. However, the impacts of land-use change on the taxonomic structure and functional composition of soil protistan communities remain poorly understood in subtropical forests. This study investigates this knowledge gap by evaluating the consequences of natural forest conversion to chestnut (<em>Castanea</em> spp.) plantations on soil protistan communities, with particular attention paid to the role of slope aspect in subtropical forests. We found that converting natural forests to chestnut plantations resulted in a significant decline in the abundance and diversity of soil phototrophic protists by 38 % and 36 %, respectively. By contrast, this land-use change led to a marked increase in the abundance and diversity of soil parasitic protists by 97 % and 63 %, respectively. The conversion significantly reduced the ratio of consumer-to-parasite protists by 48 %, indicating a potential weakening of top-down control by consumer protists. Furthermore, the complexity of soil protistan co-occurrence networks was less in chestnut plantations than in natural forests in south-facing (sunny) slopes. In contrast, north-facing (shaded) slopes significantly amplified the positive influence of chestnut plantation conversion on the relative abundance and diversity of soil parasitic protists. Overall, the concurrent decline in phototrophs, increase in parasites, decline in the ratio of consumer-to-parasite protists, and simplified co-occurrence networks collectively suggest that converting natural forests to chestnut plantations compromised soil protistan functioning and ecosystem stability. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating slope aspect into plantation management strategies to monitor and moderate the shift towards functionally balanced soil protistan communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and temporal variation in the summer diets of moose (Alces alces) in north-central British Columbia 粪便DNA元条形码揭示了不列颠哥伦比亚省中北部驼鹿（Alces Alces）夏季饮食的时空变化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123498

Andrew Dyck , Roy V. Rea , Maria Kuzmina

Moose (Alces alces) are a socially, culturally, and economically important species of large herbivore which inhabits areas throughout many parts of the timber harvesting land base in circumpolar regions of the world. Although the diets of moose vary spatially and seasonally, they predominantly consist of woody perennials such as Betula spp., Populus spp., Salix spp., and Abies spp. but also herbaceous and aquatic plants, that can all be impacted by forest management. Because moose diets vary across their range and seasonally, understanding their local diet composition is crucial for guiding land management decisions that may affect moose range quality and population dynamics. This study aimed to determine the vascular plant species composition in the diets of moose in selected locations of north-central British Columbia (BC), Canada, where moose populations have been declining and to examine how their diets varied geographically, annually (from one summer to the next), and within season (from early to late summer). During the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022, moose fecal samples were collected from three areas in north-central BC known to be occupied in summer by moose and analyzed with DNA metabarcoding using a technique employing the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) to determine the plant species composition in the collected fecal samples. Frequencies of identified plants from 14 families and 18 genera were separately compared across space and time using Frequency of Occurrence, Relative Read Abundance, Pianka’s Niche Overlap Index, and two-sided Fisher’s exact tests. The diversity of plants in the diet was also compared. Most of the identified taxa fell into 5 families: Onagraceae, Betulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Rosaceae, and Ericaceae. Results indicated considerable variation in diet between geographical areas with low variation in diet between years and a need for increased sampling effort within early and late seasons. We encourage forest managers to incorporate our findings into forest management decision-making on moose summer ranges, particularly in areas where moose are an important management objective or where their numbers are declining.

驼鹿（Alces Alces）是一种社会、文化和经济上重要的大型食草动物，栖息在世界极地地区木材采伐基地的许多地区。虽然驼鹿的饮食因空间和季节而异，但它们主要由木本多年生植物组成，如桦树、杨树、柳树和冷杉，但也有草本和水生植物，这些都可能受到森林管理的影响。因为驼鹿的饮食因其分布范围和季节而异，了解当地的饮食构成对于指导土地管理决策至关重要，这可能会影响驼鹿的范围质量和种群动态。本研究旨在确定在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）中北部选定地点驼鹿饮食中的维管植物物种组成，那里的驼鹿数量一直在下降，并研究它们的饮食如何在地理上、每年（从一个夏天到下一个夏天）和季节内（从夏初到夏末）发生变化。在2020年、2021年和2022年夏季，在BC省中北部三个已知驼鹿夏季活动的地区收集了驼鹿粪便样本，并使用采用第二内部转录间隔段（ITS2）的DNA元条形码技术对收集的粪便样本进行了分析，以确定所收集的粪便样本中的植物物种组成。利用发生频率（Frequency）、相对读丰度（Relative Read Abundance）、Pianka’s生态位重叠指数（Niche Overlap Index）和双侧Fisher’s精确检验分别比较了14科18属植物的时空分布。还比较了日粮中植物的多样性。所鉴定的分类群主要分为5科：玉兰科、桦木科、木参科、蔷薇科和Ericaceae。结果表明，不同地理区域之间的饮食差异相当大，不同年份之间的饮食差异较小，需要在早季和晚季增加取样工作。我们鼓励森林管理者将我们的发现纳入驼鹿夏季活动范围的森林管理决策中，特别是在驼鹿是重要管理目标或其数量正在下降的地区。

{"title":"Fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and temporal variation in the summer diets of moose (Alces alces) in north-central British Columbia","authors":"Andrew Dyck , Roy V. Rea , Maria Kuzmina","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) are a socially, culturally, and economically important species of large herbivore which inhabits areas throughout many parts of the timber harvesting land base in circumpolar regions of the world. Although the diets of moose vary spatially and seasonally, they predominantly consist of woody perennials such as <em>Betula</em> spp., <em>Populus</em> spp., <em>Salix</em> spp., and <em>Abies</em> spp. but also herbaceous and aquatic plants, that can all be impacted by forest management. Because moose diets vary across their range and seasonally, understanding their local diet composition is crucial for guiding land management decisions that may affect moose range quality and population dynamics. This study aimed to determine the vascular plant species composition in the diets of moose in selected locations of north-central British Columbia (BC), Canada, where moose populations have been declining and to examine how their diets varied geographically, annually (from one summer to the next), and within season (from early to late summer). During the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022, moose fecal samples were collected from three areas in north-central BC known to be occupied in summer by moose and analyzed with DNA metabarcoding using a technique employing the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) to determine the plant species composition in the collected fecal samples. Frequencies of identified plants from 14 families and 18 genera were separately compared across space and time using Frequency of Occurrence, Relative Read Abundance, Pianka’s Niche Overlap Index, and two-sided Fisher’s exact tests. The diversity of plants in the diet was also compared. Most of the identified taxa fell into 5 families: Onagraceae, Betulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Rosaceae, and Ericaceae. Results indicated considerable variation in diet between geographical areas with low variation in diet between years and a need for increased sampling effort within early and late seasons. We encourage forest managers to incorporate our findings into forest management decision-making on moose summer ranges, particularly in areas where moose are an important management objective or where their numbers are declining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 123498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canopy vitality drives rainfall redistribution in an old-growth temperate beech forest 温带原始山毛榉林冠层活力驱动降雨再分配

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123552

Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi , Hamed Aghajani , Hamid Jalilvand , Salman Ahmady-Asbchin , Seyed Mazyar Sadati , Miriam Coenders-Gerrits , Salli F. Dymond

Forest disturbance increasingly manifests not only through abrupt events such as fire or windthrow, but also through progressive canopy vitality decline driven by pathogens, stress, and mortality—processes that fundamentally reorganize forest structure and function. The ecohydrological consequences of such vitality-driven disturbance remain poorly understood in old-growth temperate forests. This study examined how progressive canopy deterioration—from healthy crowns to branchless snags—affects rainfall partitioning and canopy hydrological parameters in an old-growth Hyrcanian oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest of northern Iran. Over one full hydrological year, fifteen trees were randomly selected to represent five vitality stages and were instrumented to measure throughfall, stemflow, and interception under both leaf-on and leafless conditions. A reformulated Gash analytical model (RGAM) was applied to simulate interception dynamics. Results revealed that throughfall increased as both interception and stemflow declined systematically with decreasing canopy vitality, indicating a transition from hydrologically buffered to more transmissive canopy conditions. Nonetheless, snag trees exhibited measurable rainfall interception—7.9 % for branched and 2.8 % for branchless snags—challenging the assumption that snags contribute negligibly to canopy evaporation. Stemflow generation decreased sharply as crown connectivity deteriorated and was consistently lower in the leafless period. RGAM accurately reproduced interception for healthy and moderately degraded trees but overestimated losses in severely deteriorated canopies, suggesting that model parameters must account for canopy heterogeneity and vitality-dependent storage dynamics. These findings provide the first quantitative assessment of rainfall redistribution across a five-stage canopy vitality gradient, explicitly including both branched and branchless snags, demonstrating that canopy degradation substantially alters rainfall storage, channeling, and evaporation processes. Incorporating tree vitality and deadwood structure into interception modeling will improve predictions of rainfall redistribution, soil moisture, and water yield in old-growth and uneven-aged temperate forests worldwide.

森林扰动不仅表现为火灾或大风等突发事件，还表现为由病原体、压力和死亡驱动的林冠活力逐渐下降，这些过程从根本上重组了森林的结构和功能。在温带原始森林中，这种由活力驱动的扰动所造成的生态水文后果仍然知之甚少。本研究考察了在伊朗北部古老的海卡尼亚东方山毛榉（Fagus orientalis Lipsky）森林中，树冠从健康的树冠到无枝的树冠的逐渐退化如何影响降雨分配和树冠水文参数。在一个完整的水文年里，随机选择15棵树代表5个活力阶段，并在有叶和无叶条件下测量穿透、茎流和截留。采用重新制定的Gash分析模型（RGAM）来模拟拦截动力学。结果表明，随着冠层活力的降低，截留量和茎流均呈系统性下降，穿透量增加，表明从水文缓冲向更具传输性的冠层条件过渡。尽管如此，荆棘树表现出可测量的降雨拦截——有枝的7.9% %，无枝的2.8% %——挑战了荆棘对冠层蒸发的贡献可以忽略不计的假设。茎流的产生随着树冠连通性的恶化而急剧减少，在无叶期茎流的产生一直较低。RGAM准确地再现了健康和中度退化树木的截取量，但高估了严重退化树冠的损失，这表明模型参数必须考虑冠层异质性和依赖于活力的储存动态。这些发现首次提供了跨五阶段冠层活力梯度（明确包括有枝和无枝障碍）的降雨再分配的定量评估，表明冠层退化实质上改变了降雨的储存、通道和蒸发过程。将树木活力和枯木结构纳入截流模型将改善对全球古老和不均匀年龄温带森林的降雨再分配、土壤湿度和水量的预测。

{"title":"Canopy vitality drives rainfall redistribution in an old-growth temperate beech forest","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi , Hamed Aghajani , Hamid Jalilvand , Salman Ahmady-Asbchin , Seyed Mazyar Sadati , Miriam Coenders-Gerrits , Salli F. Dymond","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest disturbance increasingly manifests not only through abrupt events such as fire or windthrow, but also through progressive canopy vitality decline driven by pathogens, stress, and mortality—processes that fundamentally reorganize forest structure and function. The ecohydrological consequences of such vitality-driven disturbance remain poorly understood in old-growth temperate forests. This study examined how progressive canopy deterioration—from healthy crowns to branchless snags—affects rainfall partitioning and canopy hydrological parameters in an old-growth Hyrcanian oriental beech (<em>Fagus orientalis</em> Lipsky) forest of northern Iran. Over one full hydrological year, fifteen trees were randomly selected to represent five vitality stages and were instrumented to measure throughfall, stemflow, and interception under both leaf-on and leafless conditions. A reformulated Gash analytical model (RGAM) was applied to simulate interception dynamics. Results revealed that throughfall increased as both interception and stemflow declined systematically with decreasing canopy vitality, indicating a transition from hydrologically buffered to more transmissive canopy conditions. Nonetheless, snag trees exhibited measurable rainfall interception—7.9 % for branched and 2.8 % for branchless snags—challenging the assumption that snags contribute negligibly to canopy evaporation. Stemflow generation decreased sharply as crown connectivity deteriorated and was consistently lower in the leafless period. RGAM accurately reproduced interception for healthy and moderately degraded trees but overestimated losses in severely deteriorated canopies, suggesting that model parameters must account for canopy heterogeneity and vitality-dependent storage dynamics. These findings provide the first quantitative assessment of rainfall redistribution across a five-stage canopy vitality gradient, explicitly including both branched and branchless snags, demonstrating that canopy degradation substantially alters rainfall storage, channeling, and evaporation processes. Incorporating tree vitality and deadwood structure into interception modeling will improve predictions of rainfall redistribution, soil moisture, and water yield in old-growth and uneven-aged temperate forests worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can a fundamental change in forest management improve the forest carbon balance of mixed oak forests in Central Europe? 森林管理的根本改变能否改善中欧混合栎林的森林碳平衡？

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123557

Beatrice Thumb von Neuburg , Christian Eder , Mohsen Zarebanakouki , Isabelle Pfeiffer , Wolfgang Falk , Dominik Thom

The potential of altering forest management strategies to support the European Union’s (EU) climate-mitigation goals has been widely debated. However, evidence is particularly scarce for direct comparisons between alternative management strategies under comparable site conditions, making it challenging to design robust forest management recommendations. In this study, we investigated mixed oak forests in a dry region of Bavaria, Germany, (i) to evaluate how fundamentally different management strategies effect the in situ carbon balance and (ii) to identify possible drivers of carbon storage and sequestration. We assessed total ecosystem carbon storage and aboveground carbon sequestration in 93 plots (31 stands), comparing High Forests (HF), Coppice-with-Standards (CWS) and an unmanaged Nature Reserve (NR). Using a model averaging approach for multiple linear regressions, we assessed the drivers of carbon storage and sequestration. Total carbon storage differed only marginally and was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) among the three management strategies with, on average, 173.8 t C ha⁻¹ in HF, 191.4 t C ha⁻¹ in CWS, and 192.1 t C ha⁻¹ in NR. Aboveground carbon sequestration was, on average, highest in CWS (3.51 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) compared to HF (2.40 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and NR (2.16 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), yet these differences were also not statistically significant. Indicators of structural diversity, including maximum tree height, and variation in diameter at breast height, were significantly positively associated with carbon storage. We did not identify any statistically significant variables explaining carbon sequestration. Our results indicate that a fundamental shift in management from HF to CWS or ceasing management entirely (NR) is unlikely to yield large mid-term carbon benefits in mixed oak forests. We conclude that even a fundamental change in the management of mixed oak forests is unlikely to substantially contribute to achieving national and EU climate targets.

改变森林管理战略以支持欧盟（EU）气候缓解目标的可能性一直备受争议。然而，在可比较的场地条件下，直接比较备选管理战略的证据特别少，因此很难提出有力的森林管理建议。在这项研究中，我们调查了德国巴伐利亚干旱地区的混合栎林，(i)评估了根本不同的管理策略如何影响原位碳平衡，（ii）确定了碳储存和固存的可能驱动因素。研究了93个样地（31个林分）的生态系统总碳储量和地上碳固存量，并对阔叶林（HF）、带标准灌木林（CWS）和无管理自然保护区（NR）进行了比较。利用多元线性回归的模型平均方法，我们评估了碳储存和固存的驱动因素。总碳储存略微不同,无统计学意义(p 祝辞 0.05)三个管理策略中,平均173.8 t C ha⁻¹ 在高频,191.4 t C ha⁻¹ 水煤浆,和192.1 t C ha⁻¹ NR。地上碳封存,平均而言,最高的水煤浆(3.51 t C 公顷⁻¹年⁻¹)相比,高频(2.40 t C 公顷⁻¹年⁻¹)和NR (2.16 t C 公顷⁻¹年⁻¹),然而,这些差异也不显著。结构多样性指标，包括最大树高和胸径变化，与碳储量呈显著正相关。我们没有发现任何统计学上显著的变量来解释碳固存。我们的研究结果表明，从HF到CWS管理的根本转变或完全停止管理（NR）不太可能在混合栎林中产生很大的中期碳效益。我们的结论是，即使对混合栎林的管理进行根本性的改变，也不太可能对实现国家和欧盟的气候目标做出实质性的贡献。

{"title":"Can a fundamental change in forest management improve the forest carbon balance of mixed oak forests in Central Europe?","authors":"Beatrice Thumb von Neuburg , Christian Eder , Mohsen Zarebanakouki , Isabelle Pfeiffer , Wolfgang Falk , Dominik Thom","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of altering forest management strategies to support the European Union’s (EU) climate-mitigation goals has been widely debated. However, evidence is particularly scarce for direct comparisons between alternative management strategies under comparable site conditions, making it challenging to design robust forest management recommendations. In this study, we investigated mixed oak forests in a dry region of Bavaria, Germany, (i) to evaluate how fundamentally different management strategies effect the <em>in situ</em> carbon balance and (ii) to identify possible drivers of carbon storage and sequestration. We assessed total ecosystem carbon storage and aboveground carbon sequestration in 93 plots (31 stands), comparing High Forests (HF), Coppice-with-Standards (CWS) and an unmanaged Nature Reserve (NR). Using a model averaging approach for multiple linear regressions, we assessed the drivers of carbon storage and sequestration. Total carbon storage differed only marginally and was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) among the three management strategies with, on average, 173.8 t C ha⁻¹ in HF, 191.4 t C ha⁻¹ in CWS, and 192.1 t C ha⁻¹ in NR. Aboveground carbon sequestration was, on average, highest in CWS (3.51 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) compared to HF (2.40 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and NR (2.16 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), yet these differences were also not statistically significant. Indicators of structural diversity, including maximum tree height, and variation in diameter at breast height, were significantly positively associated with carbon storage. We did not identify any statistically significant variables explaining carbon sequestration. Our results indicate that a fundamental shift in management from HF to CWS or ceasing management entirely (NR) is unlikely to yield large mid-term carbon benefits in mixed oak forests. We conclude that even a fundamental change in the management of mixed oak forests is unlikely to substantially contribute to achieving national and EU climate targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimated effects of climate and imidacloprid use on the abundances of woodland salamanders 估计气候和吡虫啉使用对林地蝾螈丰度的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123553

John C. Maerz , Jade A. Samples , Danielle R. Bradke , Cheyana Bassham , James A. Martin , Jeffrey Hepinstall-Cymerman , Anthony F. Lagalante , Elizabeth McCarty

<div><div>When considering the use of pesticides, forest managers need to make decisions about potential trade-offs between conserving target species and negatively affecting non-target species. To aid those decisions, estimates of non-target effects should contextualize effect sizes relative to other drivers of variation in non-target species abundance or fitness. Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) has decimated eastern and Carolina hemlock populations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is currently used to suppress HWA populations and conserve hemlock trees and the habitats they create. Recent concerns have emerged about possible non-target impacts of imidacloprid use on amphibians including salamander populations in managed hemlock forests. Robust estimates of the impacts of imidacloprid application on salamander populations are needed to inform decisions on hemlock conservation in sensitive areas. We conducted repeated depletion samples among 15 replicate plots at each of 15 imidacloprid-treated and 9 untreated reference sites across north Georgia, western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee. We used a hierarchical N-mixture model in a Bayesian framework to estimate any potential association between imidacloprid application and the terrestrial abundances of two direct-developing plethodontid salamander groups (<em>Plethodon</em> spp. and <em>Desmognathus</em> aeneus/<em>D. wrighti</em>) and a stream-breeding plethodontid salamander guild. We also estimated the relationship between hydroclimate and plethodontid salamander abundance because climate is a known driver of plethodontid salamander ecology and provides a comparative scale for any potential effect of imidacloprid use on salamander abundance. Mean <em>Plethodon</em>, <em>D. aeneus</em>/<em>D. wrighti</em>, and stream-breeding plethodontid abundances among all sites varied by factors of 20, 15, and 2 respectively. Mean daily vapor pressure deficit from 2011 to 2020, a measure of hydroclimate, was negatively associated with abundance of all three salamander groups. For <em>Plethodon</em> and <em>D. aeneus</em>/<em>D. wrighti</em> we found no evidence of an association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a 15 m radius of a plot; however, we did find evidence for a small, positive association between <em>Plethodon</em> abundance and imidacloprid dose within a plot. For stream-breeding species, we also found evidence for a positive association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a plot, but also a negative association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a 15 m radius. The estimated negative relationship between imidacloprid use and stream salamander abundance was comparable to the effect of climate on natural variation. Our results suggest any measurable effect of hemlock management with imidacloprid on the abundance of fully terrestrial plethodontid salamanders is trivially small co

在考虑使用杀虫剂时，森林管理者需要在保护目标物种和对非目标物种产生负面影响之间做出权衡。为了帮助做出这些决定，对非目标效应的估计应该考虑与非目标物种丰度或适合度变化的其他驱动因素相关的效应大小。铁杉毛毡蚜（HWA）已经摧毁了阿巴拉契亚山脉南部东部和卡罗莱纳州的铁杉种群。吡虫啉是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂，目前用于抑制HWA种群和保护铁杉树及其创造的栖息地。最近出现了对吡虫啉对管理铁杉林中的两栖动物包括蝾螈种群可能产生的非目标影响的担忧。需要对吡虫啉对蝾螈种群的影响进行可靠的估计，以便为敏感地区的铁杉保护决策提供信息。我们在乔治亚州北部、北卡罗来纳州西部和田纳西州东部的15个吡虫啉处理对照点和9个未处理对照点的15个重复地块中进行了重复耗尽样本。在贝叶斯框架下，我们使用分层n混合模型来估计吡虫啉的使用与两个直接发育的多齿蝾螈类群（Plethodon spp.和Desmognathus aeneus/D.）的陆地丰度之间的潜在关联。赖特)和一个溪流繁殖的多齿蝾螈协会。我们还估计了水文气候与齿形蝾螈数量之间的关系，因为气候是齿形蝾螈生态的一个已知驱动因素，并为吡虫啉对蝾螈数量的潜在影响提供了一个比较尺度。Mean Plethodon, d.e eneus/ d.d。各样地的齿形齿类丰度分别为20倍、15倍和2倍。2011年至2020年的平均日蒸汽压赤字（一种水文气候指标）与所有三种蝾螈种群的丰度呈负相关。对于Plethodon和D. aeneus/D。Wrighti，我们没有发现在15 m半径范围内蝾螈数量和吡虫啉剂量之间的关联证据；然而，我们确实发现证据表明，在一个地块内，齿鲨丰度与吡虫啉剂量之间存在小的正相关。对于河流繁殖的物种，我们也发现证据表明，在一个小区内，蝾螈数量与吡虫啉剂量呈正相关，但在15 m半径内，蝾螈数量与吡虫啉剂量呈负相关。估计吡虫啉使用与河鲵丰度之间的负相关关系与气候对自然变化的影响相当。我们的研究结果表明，与气候相关的自然变化相比，吡虫啉对铁杉管理对全陆生多齿蝾螈丰度的任何可测量的影响都微不足道。然而，吡虫啉剂量与溪流繁殖的齿齿兽丰度之间呈负相关的证据可能表明，吡虫啉的使用对邻近的水生幼虫栖息地产生了负面影响。铁杉是一种具有重要生态意义的标志性树种，保护铁杉有其自身的优点。我们遇到的河流繁殖物种都不是稀有的或受威胁的，它们都出现在有或没有铁杉的地区。因此，在那些蝾螈种类常见且分布广泛的地点，在溪流附近继续使用吡虫啉可能是有必要的。在对吡虫啉对这些物种的影响有更多了解之前，管理人员在处理稀有或受威胁的河流繁殖蝾螈物种时，应该权衡对这些物种的潜在风险。

{"title":"Estimated effects of climate and imidacloprid use on the abundances of woodland salamanders","authors":"John C. Maerz , Jade A. Samples , Danielle R. Bradke , Cheyana Bassham , James A. Martin , Jeffrey Hepinstall-Cymerman , Anthony F. Lagalante , Elizabeth McCarty","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When considering the use of pesticides, forest managers need to make decisions about potential trade-offs between conserving target species and negatively affecting non-target species. To aid those decisions, estimates of non-target effects should contextualize effect sizes relative to other drivers of variation in non-target species abundance or fitness. Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) has decimated eastern and Carolina hemlock populations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is currently used to suppress HWA populations and conserve hemlock trees and the habitats they create. Recent concerns have emerged about possible non-target impacts of imidacloprid use on amphibians including salamander populations in managed hemlock forests. Robust estimates of the impacts of imidacloprid application on salamander populations are needed to inform decisions on hemlock conservation in sensitive areas. We conducted repeated depletion samples among 15 replicate plots at each of 15 imidacloprid-treated and 9 untreated reference sites across north Georgia, western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee. We used a hierarchical N-mixture model in a Bayesian framework to estimate any potential association between imidacloprid application and the terrestrial abundances of two direct-developing plethodontid salamander groups (<em>Plethodon</em> spp. and <em>Desmognathus</em> aeneus/<em>D. wrighti</em>) and a stream-breeding plethodontid salamander guild. We also estimated the relationship between hydroclimate and plethodontid salamander abundance because climate is a known driver of plethodontid salamander ecology and provides a comparative scale for any potential effect of imidacloprid use on salamander abundance. Mean <em>Plethodon</em>, <em>D. aeneus</em>/<em>D. wrighti</em>, and stream-breeding plethodontid abundances among all sites varied by factors of 20, 15, and 2 respectively. Mean daily vapor pressure deficit from 2011 to 2020, a measure of hydroclimate, was negatively associated with abundance of all three salamander groups. For <em>Plethodon</em> and <em>D. aeneus</em>/<em>D. wrighti</em> we found no evidence of an association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a 15 m radius of a plot; however, we did find evidence for a small, positive association between <em>Plethodon</em> abundance and imidacloprid dose within a plot. For stream-breeding species, we also found evidence for a positive association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a plot, but also a negative association between salamander abundance and imidacloprid dose within a 15 m radius. The estimated negative relationship between imidacloprid use and stream salamander abundance was comparable to the effect of climate on natural variation. Our results suggest any measurable effect of hemlock management with imidacloprid on the abundance of fully terrestrial plethodontid salamanders is trivially small co","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population genetic insights for climate-adaptive oak management: Results from a large-scale study of Turkey oak populations 气候适应性橡树管理的种群遗传见解：来自土耳其橡树种群的大规模研究结果

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123560

Botond B. Lados, László Nagy, Attila Benke, Csilla É. Molnár, Zoltán A. Köbölkuti, Klára Cseke

Human-assisted translocation of oak reproductive material as part of climate-adaptive oak management has long been a key consideration in Central Europe. In this study, we conducted population genetic analysis of 32 Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) populations from Central and Southeast Europe, using ddRAD-seq genotyping, to support forestry adaptation measures. Our results revealed multiple genetic groups within the sampled range, suggesting that long-distance transfers of reproductive material could lead to the admixture of genetically distinct groups. We also detected a diversity cline, with genetic diversity increasing from the southwest and southeast toward the northwest. The highest diversity was observed in the Carpathian Basin, which is the most continental part of the sampled range and includes many populations near the species’ drought limit. In this region, the surplus of genetic diversity may play a crucial role in local adaptation. Our findings further suggest that transferring reproductive material from Southeast Europe to the Carpathian Basin should be approached with caution, as this direction runs counter to the observed diversity gradient. Furthermore, loci under selection and their genotype-environment associations indicate that Turkey oak is primarily challenged by temperature fluctuations and extremes, rather than by water availability, as previously observed in co-occurring sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). These results provide valuable support for a detailed assessment of Turkey oak’s adaptive capacity, improving the efficiency of provenance selection for climate-adaptive forest management.

作为气候适应性橡树管理的一部分，人类辅助的橡树生殖材料转运一直是中欧的一个关键考虑因素。本研究采用ddRAD-seq基因分型方法，对来自中欧和东南欧的32个土耳其栎（Quercus cerris L.）群体进行遗传分析，为森林适应措施提供依据。我们的研究结果揭示了采样范围内的多个遗传群体，这表明生殖物质的远距离转移可能导致遗传不同群体的混合。遗传多样性呈现从西南、东南向西北增加的趋势。在喀尔巴阡盆地观察到的多样性最高，这是采样范围中最具大陆性的部分，包括许多接近物种干旱极限的种群。在该地区，遗传多样性过剩可能在当地适应中发挥关键作用。我们的研究结果进一步表明，将生殖物质从东南欧转移到喀尔巴阡盆地应该谨慎处理，因为这个方向与观察到的多样性梯度相反。此外，选择下的基因座及其基因型与环境的关联表明，土耳其栎主要受到温度波动和极端条件的挑战，而不是像之前在无根栎中观察到的那样，受到水分供应的挑战。Liebl)。这些结果为详细评估土耳其橡树的适应能力提供了有价值的支持，提高了气候适应性森林管理的种源选择效率。

{"title":"Population genetic insights for climate-adaptive oak management: Results from a large-scale study of Turkey oak populations","authors":"Botond B. Lados, László Nagy, Attila Benke, Csilla É. Molnár, Zoltán A. Köbölkuti, Klára Cseke","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-assisted translocation of oak reproductive material as part of climate-adaptive oak management has long been a key consideration in Central Europe. In this study, we conducted population genetic analysis of 32 Turkey oak (<em>Quercus cerris</em> L.) populations from Central and Southeast Europe, using ddRAD-seq genotyping, to support forestry adaptation measures. Our results revealed multiple genetic groups within the sampled range, suggesting that long-distance transfers of reproductive material could lead to the admixture of genetically distinct groups. We also detected a diversity cline, with genetic diversity increasing from the southwest and southeast toward the northwest. The highest diversity was observed in the Carpathian Basin, which is the most continental part of the sampled range and includes many populations near the species’ drought limit. In this region, the surplus of genetic diversity may play a crucial role in local adaptation. Our findings further suggest that transferring reproductive material from Southeast Europe to the Carpathian Basin should be approached with caution, as this direction runs counter to the observed diversity gradient. Furthermore, loci under selection and their genotype-environment associations indicate that Turkey oak is primarily challenged by temperature fluctuations and extremes, rather than by water availability, as previously observed in co-occurring sessile oak (<em>Q. petraea</em> (Matt.) Liebl.). These results provide valuable support for a detailed assessment of Turkey oak’s adaptive capacity, improving the efficiency of provenance selection for climate-adaptive forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged drought constrains pine cone production but not its consumption 长期干旱限制了松果的生产，但不限制其消费

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123546

Sofia Domènech , Santi Sabaté , Joan Real , Daniel Pons , Jordi Vázquez-Recasens , Roger Puig-Gironès

Seed production is vital for plant recruitment, shaped by tree traits, climate, and biotic pressures. Droughts can strongly affect reproductive processes, with cascading effects on squirrels. Their feeding behaviour responds to cone size and availability, both climate-driven. This study evaluates how a prolonged drought (three years below average precipitation) affects pine cone production and red squirrel foraging behaviour. Specifically, we (1) analyse tree- and environmental-related drivers of production, (2) quantify squirrel consumption relative to cone availability, and (3) explore links between cone size, production, and exploitation. From 2019–2024, we recorded 32,531 produced and 13,013 consumed cones across 36 transects, with Aleppo pine being dominant. Production varies by species, reflecting distinct reproductive phenologies and species-specific climatic sensitivities. Across pine species, production was negatively associated with drought-related conditions during key reproductive stages, indicating shared vulnerability to water limitation. Rather than long-term trends, these responses reflect interannual climatic variability as a reproductive bottleneck, promoting cross-species synchronization and local homogenization. Crown diameter and habitat significantly affected production. Habitat also shaped squirrel consumption, with mixed forests showing higher rates. Tree diameter and crown size affected cone length, which influenced squirrel feeding. Despite reduced production, squirrel consumption remained stable or even increased during low-production years, with some areas exceeding 75 % of available cones. This suggests that reduced seed availability combined with sustained foraging pressure may impair forest regeneration. Overall, our findings show that climate extremes can synchronize reproductive failure across co-occurring pine species, reveal drought‑driven pollination limits while intensifying trophic pressures in drought-prone ecosystems.

种子生产对植物补充至关重要，受树木特性、气候和生物压力的影响。干旱会强烈影响松鼠的繁殖过程，并对松鼠产生连锁反应。它们的进食行为与锥体的大小和可用性有关，两者都受气候影响。本研究评估了长期干旱（低于平均降水量三年）对松果产量和红松鼠觅食行为的影响。具体来说，我们(1)分析了与树木和环境相关的生产驱动因素，(2)量化了松鼠消耗相对于松果可用性的数量，(3)探索了松果大小、生产和开发之间的联系。从2019年到2024年，我们在36个样带记录了32531个生产的球果和13013个消费的球果，其中阿勒颇松树占主导地位。产量因物种而异，反映了不同的生殖物候和物种特有的气候敏感性。在所有松树物种中，在关键的繁殖阶段，产量与干旱相关条件呈负相关，表明它们都容易受到水分限制。这些响应反映了作为繁殖瓶颈的年际气候变率，而不是长期趋势，促进了物种间的同步和局部均质化。冠径和生境对产量有显著影响。栖息地也决定了松鼠的消费，混交林显示出更高的比例。树径和树冠大小影响球果长度，影响松鼠取食。尽管产量减少，但在低产年份，松鼠的消费量保持稳定，甚至增加，一些地区的可用球果超过75% %。这表明种子可用性的降低加上持续的觅食压力可能会损害森林的更新。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，极端气候可以同步发生在共同发生的松树物种之间的生殖失败，揭示干旱驱动的授粉限制，同时加剧干旱易发生态系统的营养压力。

{"title":"Prolonged drought constrains pine cone production but not its consumption","authors":"Sofia Domènech , Santi Sabaté , Joan Real , Daniel Pons , Jordi Vázquez-Recasens , Roger Puig-Gironès","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed production is vital for plant recruitment, shaped by tree traits, climate, and biotic pressures. Droughts can strongly affect reproductive processes, with cascading effects on squirrels. Their feeding behaviour responds to cone size and availability, both climate-driven. This study evaluates how a prolonged drought (three years below average precipitation) affects pine cone production and red squirrel foraging behaviour. Specifically, we (1) analyse tree- and environmental-related drivers of production, (2) quantify squirrel consumption relative to cone availability, and (3) explore links between cone size, production, and exploitation. From 2019–2024, we recorded 32,531 produced and 13,013 consumed cones across 36 transects, with Aleppo pine being dominant. Production varies by species, reflecting distinct reproductive phenologies and species-specific climatic sensitivities. Across pine species, production was negatively associated with drought-related conditions during key reproductive stages, indicating shared vulnerability to water limitation. Rather than long-term trends, these responses reflect interannual climatic variability as a reproductive bottleneck, promoting cross-species synchronization and local homogenization. Crown diameter and habitat significantly affected production. Habitat also shaped squirrel consumption, with mixed forests showing higher rates. Tree diameter and crown size affected cone length, which influenced squirrel feeding. Despite reduced production, squirrel consumption remained stable or even increased during low-production years, with some areas exceeding 75 % of available cones. This suggests that reduced seed availability combined with sustained foraging pressure may impair forest regeneration. Overall, our findings show that climate extremes can synchronize reproductive failure across co-occurring pine species, reveal drought‑driven pollination limits while intensifying trophic pressures in drought-prone ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wildfire effects on structure in treated and untreated areas of a mixed conifer forest, Colorado, USA 野火对美国科罗拉多州混交林处理区和未处理区结构的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123555

David W. Huffman , Michael T. Stoddard , Kyle C. Rodman , Julie.E. Korb

Mechanical thinning and prescribed burning are widely used in restoration of fire-excluded forests in the western United States. Increasingly, naturally ignited wildfires are also employed in restoration treatment strategies. Few studies have directly compared how combinations of these treatments influence forest structure and achievement of restoration objectives. Here, we capitalized on an unplanned wildfire that burned over a long-term forest restoration experiment in a mixed conifer forest in southwestern Colorado, USA. We surveyed untreated and restoration treatment units in 2003 (PRE; prior to restoration treatment implementation), 2018 (POST₁₀; 10 years after treatment implementation), and 2024 (POST_WF; one year after the Trail Springs Fire). Overall, burn severity (composite burn index) was low to moderate and lower in untreated units, likely due to lower shrub cover and ladder fuels, compared with restoration units. Field-measured tree survival was unrelated to treatment type, and tree density in untreated units was not significantly reduced by the wildfire. Restoration treatments led to a persistent increase in shrub cover. Conifer seedling occurrence POST₁₀ and POST_WF was significantly higher in untreated units than restoration units. Large snag densities were variable over time. Coarse wood loading was lowest in POST_WF for both untreated and restoration units. Our results showed that the low- to moderate-severity Trail Springs Fire was incrementally effective for altering forest structure and meeting restoration objectives in previously untreated areas of this mixed conifer forest while additional tree density reductions, dense understory shrubs, and low conifer regeneration in restoraiton units may present challenges for land managers.

在美国西部，机械疏林和规定燃烧被广泛应用于防火森林的恢复。自然点燃的野火也越来越多地用于恢复治疗策略。很少有研究直接比较这些处理组合如何影响森林结构和恢复目标的实现。在这里，我们利用了一场计划外的野火，这场野火烧毁了美国科罗拉多州西南部一片混交林的长期森林恢复实验。我们分别在2003年（PRE，实施恢复治疗前）、2018年（POST10，实施治疗后10年）和2024年（POSTWF， Trail Springs火灾后一年）对未处理和恢复治疗的单位进行了调查。总体而言，与恢复单位相比，未经处理的单位的烧伤严重程度（复合烧伤指数）为低至中等和更低，可能是由于灌木覆盖和阶梯燃料较少。野外测量的树木存活率与处理方式无关，未处理单位的树木密度没有因野火而显著降低。恢复处理导致灌木盖度持续增加。未处理群落的针叶树幼苗发生时间（POST10）和幼苗生长时间（POSTWF）显著高于恢复群落。大型障碍的密度随时间变化。在未处理和修复单元中，粗木材负荷在POSTWF中最低。研究结果表明，在该混交针叶林未经处理的地区，低至中度的Trail Springs火灾对改变森林结构和满足恢复目标具有逐渐有效的作用，而在恢复单元中，树木密度的进一步降低、茂密的下层灌木和低针叶林的更新可能会给土地管理者带来挑战。

{"title":"Wildfire effects on structure in treated and untreated areas of a mixed conifer forest, Colorado, USA","authors":"David W. Huffman , Michael T. Stoddard , Kyle C. Rodman , Julie.E. Korb","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical thinning and prescribed burning are widely used in restoration of fire-excluded forests in the western United States. Increasingly, naturally ignited wildfires are also employed in restoration treatment strategies. Few studies have directly compared how combinations of these treatments influence forest structure and achievement of restoration objectives. Here, we capitalized on an unplanned wildfire that burned over a long-term forest restoration experiment in a mixed conifer forest in southwestern Colorado, USA. We surveyed untreated and restoration treatment units in 2003 (PRE; prior to restoration treatment implementation), 2018 (POST<sub>10</sub>; 10 years after treatment implementation), and 2024 (POST<sub>WF</sub>; one year after the Trail Springs Fire). Overall, burn severity (composite burn index) was low to moderate and lower in untreated units, likely due to lower shrub cover and ladder fuels, compared with restoration units. Field-measured tree survival was unrelated to treatment type, and tree density in untreated units was not significantly reduced by the wildfire. Restoration treatments led to a persistent increase in shrub cover. Conifer seedling occurrence POST<sub>10</sub> and POST<sub>WF</sub> was significantly higher in untreated units than restoration units. Large snag densities were variable over time. Coarse wood loading was lowest in POST<sub>WF</sub> for both untreated and restoration units. Our results showed that the low- to moderate-severity Trail Springs Fire was incrementally effective for altering forest structure and meeting restoration objectives in previously untreated areas of this mixed conifer forest while additional tree density reductions, dense understory shrubs, and low conifer regeneration in restoraiton units may present challenges for land managers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MAOC capacity and microbial drivers refine soil carbon management in forest plantations MAOC容量和微生物驱动因素改善了人工林土壤碳管理

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123534

Xiaomiao Ma , Chao Wang , Xu Wang , Ziping Liu , Yimei Wang , Edith Bai

Afforestation can substantially enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but the mechanisms governing its long-term stabilization remain poorly understood. Here, using a chronosequence (7, 20, 69 and 88 years-old) of Pinus koraiensis plantations in Northeast China, we investigated SOC dynamics by integrating soil physical fractionation, microbial biomarkers, and amplicon sequencing. SOC stock exhibited nonlinear changes, peaking at 69-year-old stands (78.49 g C kg⁻¹ soil). Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) in the organic horizon plateaued after 20 years, while MAOC in the 0–20 cm mineral soil peaked at 69 years. Between 20 and 69 years, SOC accumulation was mainly driven by particulate organic carbon (POC) inputs resulting from increased forest productivity. Microbial necromass contributed substantially to SOC, dominated by fungal necromass (78–97 %), but its relative contribution declined after 20 years as bacterial necromass and the abundance of K-strategists bacteria increased. Path analysis further showed that soil properties and microbial traits were positively related to both POC and MAOC, whereas necromass metrics were negatively related to MAOC, consistent with MAOC accumulation approaching a physicochemical capacity limit. Overall, our findings indicate that SOC peaks in 69 years emerge from a transient balance between high particulate inputs and limited additional stabilization on mineral surfaces. This temporal pattern provides critical insights for forest carbon modeling and suggests that harvesting stands before maturity may help sustain SOC stocks in temperate plantations.

植树造林可显著提高土壤有机碳（SOC）储量，但其长期稳定机制尚不清楚。本文以东北红松人工林7、20、69和88年为研究对象，采用土壤物理分等、微生物生物标志物和扩增子测序等方法，对土壤有机碳动态进行了研究。土壤有机碳储量呈现非线性变化，在69岁林分（78.49 g C kg⁻¹土壤）时达到峰值。有机层矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC）在20年后趋于平稳，而0-20 cm矿质土的MAOC在69年时达到峰值。在20 ~ 69 a间，土壤有机碳积累主要由森林生产力增加导致的颗粒有机碳（POC）输入驱动。微生物坏死团对土壤有机碳的贡献很大，真菌坏死团占主导地位（78 ~ 97% %），但随着细菌坏死团和k -策略菌丰度的增加，其相对贡献在20年后有所下降。通径分析进一步表明，土壤性质和微生物性状与POC和MAOC均呈正相关，而坏死质量指标与MAOC呈负相关，与MAOC积累接近理化容量极限相一致。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，69年的有机碳峰值出现在高颗粒输入和矿物表面有限的额外稳定之间的短暂平衡中。这种时间模式为森林碳模型提供了重要的见解，并表明成熟前的采伐林可能有助于维持温带人工林的有机碳储量。

{"title":"MAOC capacity and microbial drivers refine soil carbon management in forest plantations","authors":"Xiaomiao Ma , Chao Wang , Xu Wang , Ziping Liu , Yimei Wang , Edith Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Afforestation can substantially enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but the mechanisms governing its long-term stabilization remain poorly understood. Here, using a chronosequence (7, 20, 69 and 88 years-old) of <em>Pinus koraiensis</em> plantations in Northeast China, we investigated SOC dynamics by integrating soil physical fractionation, microbial biomarkers, and amplicon sequencing. SOC stock exhibited nonlinear changes, peaking at 69-year-old stands (78.49 g C kg⁻¹ soil). Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) in the organic horizon plateaued after 20 years, while MAOC in the 0–20 cm mineral soil peaked at 69 years. Between 20 and 69 years, SOC accumulation was mainly driven by particulate organic carbon (POC) inputs resulting from increased forest productivity. Microbial necromass contributed substantially to SOC, dominated by fungal necromass (78–97 %), but its relative contribution declined after 20 years as bacterial necromass and the abundance of <em>K</em>-strategists bacteria increased. Path analysis further showed that soil properties and microbial traits were positively related to both POC and MAOC, whereas necromass metrics were negatively related to MAOC, consistent with MAOC accumulation approaching a physicochemical capacity limit. Overall, our findings indicate that SOC peaks in 69 years emerge from a transient balance between high particulate inputs and limited additional stabilization on mineral surfaces. This temporal pattern provides critical insights for forest carbon modeling and suggests that harvesting stands before maturity may help sustain SOC stocks in temperate plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 123534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0