Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第2页

Mid- to long-term influence of gaps on natural regeneration in Pinus tabuliformis plantations on the Loess Plateau

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122612

Shiqi Qing , Haijiao Yang , Zhaoquan Xu, Zhong Zhao, Zhibin Wang

Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) is one of the predominant tree species on the Loess Plateau, which is an area characterized by severe soil erosion and ecological fragility. Chinese pine plantations play crucial ecological roles in soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau. However, most of these plantations currently face low species diversity and unstable stand structures. To promote rapid canopy recruitment in the mid- to long-term after gap formation, Chinese pine regeneration and related habitat factors were investigated in 94 14-year-old expanded gaps (hereafter referred to as gaps) in Chinese pine plantations in Huanglong County. The surveyed gaps were classified into 4 size levels, I (20, 40 m²], II (40, 80 m²], III (80, 200 m²] and IV (> 200 m²), to systematically study the responses of Chinese pine regeneration to gap size and microhabitats. Although gap size had no significant effect on the regeneration density, the height of the saplings exhibited a notable increasing trend with increasing gap size, reaching its maximum at level IV but showing no significant difference from that at level III. These findings suggest that the creation of gaps larger than 80 m² in near-mature stands could maintain effective Chinese pine regeneration in the mid- and long term. Soil available nutrients had a strong effect on the regeneration density, while the key factors influencing sapling density gradually changed from soil P to soil N and K as the gap size increased. In terms of seedling and sapling heights, the key factor was intraspecific competition. The existing number of Chinese pine regeneration in gaps (0.39–0.69 stem·m⁻²) generally meets the requirements for successful natural regeneration; however, their rapid growth may be limited by intraspecific competition during the later stages of development. Gap expansion is recommended to sustain Chinese pine regeneration and preserve other tree species with canopy replacement potential, gradually forming heterogeneous gap patches of various sizes in the stand to transform pure plantations into mixed forests.

{"title":"Mid- to long-term influence of gaps on natural regeneration in Pinus tabuliformis plantations on the Loess Plateau","authors":"Shiqi Qing , Haijiao Yang , Zhaoquan Xu, Zhong Zhao, Zhibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chinese pine (<em>Pinus tabuliformis</em>) is one of the predominant tree species on the Loess Plateau, which is an area characterized by severe soil erosion and ecological fragility. Chinese pine plantations play crucial ecological roles in soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau. However, most of these plantations currently face low species diversity and unstable stand structures. To promote rapid canopy recruitment in the mid- to long-term after gap formation, Chinese pine regeneration and related habitat factors were investigated in 94 14-year-old expanded gaps (hereafter referred to as gaps) in Chinese pine plantations in Huanglong County. The surveyed gaps were classified into 4 size levels, I (20, 40 m<sup>2</sup>], II (40, 80 m<sup>2</sup>], III (80, 200 m<sup>2</sup>] and IV (> 200 m<sup>2</sup>), to systematically study the responses of Chinese pine regeneration to gap size and microhabitats. Although gap size had no significant effect on the regeneration density, the height of the saplings exhibited a notable increasing trend with increasing gap size, reaching its maximum at level IV but showing no significant difference from that at level III. These findings suggest that the creation of gaps larger than 80 m<sup>2</sup> in near-mature stands could maintain effective Chinese pine regeneration in the mid- and long term. Soil available nutrients had a strong effect on the regeneration density, while the key factors influencing sapling density gradually changed from soil P to soil N and K as the gap size increased. In terms of seedling and sapling heights, the key factor was intraspecific competition. The existing number of Chinese pine regeneration in gaps (0.39–0.69 stem·m<sup>−2</sup>) generally meets the requirements for successful natural regeneration; however, their rapid growth may be limited by intraspecific competition during the later stages of development. Gap expansion is recommended to sustain Chinese pine regeneration and preserve other tree species with canopy replacement potential, gradually forming heterogeneous gap patches of various sizes in the stand to transform pure plantations into mixed forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 122612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutrient release and decomposition time of Eucalyptus urograndis harvest residues practices under Brazil tropical conditions

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122558

Karla Nascimento Sena , Kátia Luciene Maltoni , Mariana Cristina Barbosa , Elton Gean de Araujo

The forest areas, besides their importance in the economic sector, have an important role in soil conservation when sustainable silvicultural practices are adopted. The objective of this study was to assess the amount of nutrients released and their stock in two types of eucalyptus harvest residues (with bark and without bark) in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. Litter bags were used to evaluate the decomposition of harvest residues and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and C) content of the remaining residues under two different harvesting systems during a 36-month period. The “cut-to-length” (CTL) system is an eucalyptus harvesting method in Brazil, returning the most tree residues to the soil as trees are delimbed in situ. The “tree-length” (TL) harvest system returns a moderate level of eucalyptus residues to the soil, as they cut the trees and semi-process on-site to remove the pointer and bark, leaving on the field leaves, branches, and litter. Both CTL and TL differ from the traditional harvesting system, in which all trees are removed from the site to be delimbed at processing facilities outside the growing area, leaving no residues on the soil surface, this system was not evaluate during this research. Harvesting in the CTL system provided greater phytomass and N, P, K, Ca, and C contents. The decomposition of harvest residues in the CTL system was greater during the six initial months. Removing the bark, from the residues, reduced the amount of N and increased the decomposition time, as observed in the TL system. The amount and composition of forest harvest residues affect their decomposition and nutrient release.

{"title":"Nutrient release and decomposition time of Eucalyptus urograndis harvest residues practices under Brazil tropical conditions","authors":"Karla Nascimento Sena , Kátia Luciene Maltoni , Mariana Cristina Barbosa , Elton Gean de Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forest areas, besides their importance in the economic sector, have an important role in soil conservation when sustainable silvicultural practices are adopted. The objective of this study was to assess the amount of nutrients released and their stock in two types of eucalyptus harvest residues (with bark and without bark) in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul. Litter bags were used to evaluate the decomposition of harvest residues and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and C) content of the remaining residues under two different harvesting systems during a 36-month period. The “cut-to-length” (CTL) system is an eucalyptus harvesting method in Brazil, returning the most tree residues to the soil as trees are delimbed <em>in situ.</em> The “tree-length” (TL) harvest system returns a moderate level of eucalyptus residues to the soil, as they cut the trees and semi-process on-site to remove the pointer and bark, leaving on the field leaves, branches, and litter. Both CTL and TL differ from the traditional harvesting system, in which all trees are removed from the site to be delimbed at processing facilities outside the growing area, leaving no residues on the soil surface, this system was not evaluate during this research. Harvesting in the CTL system provided greater phytomass and N, P, K, Ca, and C contents. The decomposition of harvest residues in the CTL system was greater during the six initial months. Removing the bark, from the residues, reduced the amount of N and increased the decomposition time, as observed in the TL system. The amount and composition of forest harvest residues affect their decomposition and nutrient release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 122558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moderate-resolution mapping of aboveground biomass stocks, forest structure, and composition in coastal Alaska and British Columbia

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122576

James Lamping , Melissa Lucash , David M. Bell , Daniel R. Irvine , Matt Gregory

The forests of coastal Alaska and British Columbia are globally significant for their high carbon storage capacity and complex forest structure, hosting some of the densest values of aboveground biomass in the world. These ecosystems support biodiversity, provide critical habitat, and serve as long-term carbon sinks, offering resilience to climate change. However, comprehensive, spatially continuous estimates of forest structure across this region have been limited, particularly across political boundaries. In this study, we used a Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN) modeling approach to integrate extensive forest inventory plot data with satellite-derived environmental variables. This approach enabled us to produce moderate-resolution (30-meter) maps of aboveground biomass, species biomass, forest age, basal area, and additional structural attributes. Our results indicated that climate and topography accounted for the majority of the explainable variation across all modeling regions. Predictions of aboveground live biomass were higher than previous estimates, particularly in Southeast Alaska, where estimates were 30–53 % greater than previous studies. Forest structure varied across the region, with older forests found in Southeast Alaska and higher tree densities in British Columbia. Collectively, the coastal forests of Alaska and British Columbia store approximately 3.58 petagrams of carbon. These spatially explicit maps offer critical insights for carbon monitoring, forest management, and biodiversity conservation across this ecologically diverse and politically fragmented landscape.

{"title":"Moderate-resolution mapping of aboveground biomass stocks, forest structure, and composition in coastal Alaska and British Columbia","authors":"James Lamping , Melissa Lucash , David M. Bell , Daniel R. Irvine , Matt Gregory","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forests of coastal Alaska and British Columbia are globally significant for their high carbon storage capacity and complex forest structure, hosting some of the densest values of aboveground biomass in the world. These ecosystems support biodiversity, provide critical habitat, and serve as long-term carbon sinks, offering resilience to climate change. However, comprehensive, spatially continuous estimates of forest structure across this region have been limited, particularly across political boundaries. In this study, we used a Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN) modeling approach to integrate extensive forest inventory plot data with satellite-derived environmental variables. This approach enabled us to produce moderate-resolution (30-meter) maps of aboveground biomass, species biomass, forest age, basal area, and additional structural attributes. Our results indicated that climate and topography accounted for the majority of the explainable variation across all modeling regions. Predictions of aboveground live biomass were higher than previous estimates, particularly in Southeast Alaska, where estimates were 30–53 % greater than previous studies. Forest structure varied across the region, with older forests found in Southeast Alaska and higher tree densities in British Columbia. Collectively, the coastal forests of Alaska and British Columbia store approximately 3.58 petagrams of carbon. These spatially explicit maps offer critical insights for carbon monitoring, forest management, and biodiversity conservation across this ecologically diverse and politically fragmented landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The optimum stand density of plantation forests in semi-arid sandy areas determined by the spatial distribution of tree root systems

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122581

Mingjuan Li , Jiaojun Zhu , Ting Zhang , Mingcai Li , Lining Song , Dexiong Teng

Determining optimum stand density (OSD) is very important for tree survival, growth and establishment, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, in which the trees, dominantly limited by water resources, tend to expand their root systems to obtain more water. In this study, six stand density groups (i.e., D1-D6) ranging from 383 ± 8 to 2367 ± 217 trees ha⁻¹ in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica), which were established in 1980 in the semi-arid sandy region of Northern China, were selected to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of coarse and fine roots. Coarse roots ( >5 mm) and fine roots ( <2 mm) in different stands were measured by using Ground-penetrating radar and soil coring methods. The OSD of Mongolian pine plantations was determined according to the relationships between stand densities and root competition intensity indicators (e.g., horizontal root overlap) in the stand, which were obtained based on the distribution of the root systems. The results showed that as the stand density increased from D1 to D6, the horizontal extension of coarse roots decreased from 3.65 m to 1.81 m, while the maximum coarse root aggregation simultaneously increased from 7.11% to 17.24%. In the vertical direction, the maximum depth of coarse roots decreased from 95.3 cm in D1 to 75.8 cm in D6. With the increase of stand density, the fine root length density in the horizontal direction and within 0–20 cm soil layers depth increased, suggesting that tree competition for water intensified. The root competition intensities significantly increased with increasing stand density. In particular, these competition intensity indicators showed that the competition still existed in D1, suggesting that the lowest stand density was still not the OSD. The OSD could be determined as 177–214 trees ha⁻¹ (45 years old) based on the linear relationships between stand densities and the values of competition intensity indicators.

{"title":"The optimum stand density of plantation forests in semi-arid sandy areas determined by the spatial distribution of tree root systems","authors":"Mingjuan Li , Jiaojun Zhu , Ting Zhang , Mingcai Li , Lining Song , Dexiong Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining optimum stand density (OSD) is very important for tree survival, growth and establishment, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, in which the trees, dominantly limited by water resources, tend to expand their root systems to obtain more water. In this study, six stand density groups (i.e., D1-D6) ranging from 383 ± 8 to 2367 ± 217 trees ha<sup>−1</sup> in Mongolian pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> var<em>. mongolica</em>), which were established in 1980 in the semi-arid sandy region of Northern China, were selected to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of coarse and fine roots. Coarse roots ( >5 mm) and fine roots ( <2 mm) in different stands were measured by using Ground-penetrating radar and soil coring methods. The OSD of Mongolian pine plantations was determined according to the relationships between stand densities and root competition intensity indicators (e.g., horizontal root overlap) in the stand, which were obtained based on the distribution of the root systems. The results showed that as the stand density increased from D1 to D6, the horizontal extension of coarse roots decreased from 3.65 m to 1.81 m, while the maximum coarse root aggregation simultaneously increased from 7.11% to 17.24%. In the vertical direction, the maximum depth of coarse roots decreased from 95.3 cm in D1 to 75.8 cm in D6. With the increase of stand density, the fine root length density in the horizontal direction and within 0–20 cm soil layers depth increased, suggesting that tree competition for water intensified. The root competition intensities significantly increased with increasing stand density. In particular, these competition intensity indicators showed that the competition still existed in D1, suggesting that the lowest stand density was still not the OSD. The OSD could be determined as 177–214 trees ha<sup>−1</sup> (45 years old) based on the linear relationships between stand densities and the values of competition intensity indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of soil carbon emissions from different forest types and regions in China

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122585

Nan He , Hongru Sun , Qingyu Jia , Wenying Yu , Gewei Li , Bingrui Jia

Forest soil is the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the soil-to-atmosphere CO₂ flux (soil respiration, Rs) is the main link between soil and atmosphere. However, due to the lack of integration of field observations, substantial uncertainties exist in quantifying large-scale soil carbon effluxes, which limit our understanding of the fate of forest soil in a warming world. Here, China’s forest ecosystems were divided into six forest types in six regions, and an integrated soil respiration database (N = 634) was compiled to evaluate soil carbon effluxes by random sampling with replacement. Average annual Rs was 783 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ across China, ranking from the highest to the lowest as follows: East, Southwest, South, Northwest, Northeast and North. Total soil carbon emissions were 1472.6 Tg C yr⁻¹ (1 Tg=1 ×10¹² g) in China’s forest ecosystems, and about 69 % from three southern regions (i.e., Southwest, Southern China and Eastern China) and 31 % from three northern regions (i.e., Northwest, Northern China and Northeast). Evergreen needleleaf forest (529.09 Tg C yr⁻¹, 52 %) and evergreen broadleaf forest (343.01 Tg C yr⁻¹, 34 %) were the main sources of soil carbon emissions in three southern regions, while deciduous broadleaf forest (334.36 Tg C yr⁻¹, 74 %) was the main emissions in three northern regions. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of soil carbon emission characteristics among different forest types and regions in China and can provide a reference for the selection and combination of tree species in forest management to optimize the forest carbon sink potential.

{"title":"Characteristics of soil carbon emissions from different forest types and regions in China","authors":"Nan He , Hongru Sun , Qingyu Jia , Wenying Yu , Gewei Li , Bingrui Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest soil is the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem, and the soil-to-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub> flux (soil respiration, <em>Rs</em>) is the main link between soil and atmosphere. However, due to the lack of integration of field observations, substantial uncertainties exist in quantifying large-scale soil carbon effluxes, which limit our understanding of the fate of forest soil in a warming world. Here, China’s forest ecosystems were divided into six forest types in six regions, and an integrated soil respiration database (N = 634) was compiled to evaluate soil carbon effluxes by random sampling with replacement. Average annual <em>Rs</em> was 783 g C m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> across China, ranking from the highest to the lowest as follows: East, Southwest, South, Northwest, Northeast and North. Total soil carbon emissions were 1472.6 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup> (1 Tg=1 ×10<sup>12</sup> g) in China’s forest ecosystems, and about 69 % from three southern regions (i.e., Southwest, Southern China and Eastern China) and 31 % from three northern regions (i.e., Northwest, Northern China and Northeast). Evergreen needleleaf forest (529.09 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>, 52 %) and evergreen broadleaf forest (343.01 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>, 34 %) were the main sources of soil carbon emissions in three southern regions, while deciduous broadleaf forest (334.36 Tg C yr<sup>−1</sup>, 74 %) was the main emissions in three northern regions. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of soil carbon emission characteristics among different forest types and regions in China and can provide a reference for the selection and combination of tree species in forest management to optimize the forest carbon sink potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new hope: Condition of young stands suggests natural recovery of European ash in Northern Europe

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122593

Ilze Matisone , Darta Klavina , Roberts Matisons , Keitlina Krastina , Annija Aunina , Baiba Krivmane , Maryna Ramanenka , Kateryna Davydenko

The dieback has severely affected both overstory trees and natural regeneration of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The diseased mature trees have mostly been harvested, and ash has regenerated only naturally. The density and health condition of the naturally regenerated ash were assessed in 69 young stands in post-clear- or sanitary clear-felled mixed stands scattered across Latvia. On average, 4665 ashes per ha were accounted, of which 59 % were healthy, 36 % were infected to varying degrees, and 4 % had died recently. The density and health condition of young ash were similar to the prior survey in 2015, suggesting some stability of ash in the ecosystem with relatively rich natural regeneration. Nevertheless, the age/size-related susceptibility to disease has shifted, as the damage increased for the saplings, while the health condition, hence vigour and growth of the larger ashes improved considerably, suggesting a potentially successful regeneration pulse. Still, stand properties affected the health of ash. The health condition was positively related to the overall tree density, and negatively related to the density of ash, suggesting that removal of the infected ashes by selective thinning could enhance the vitality of the stands. The current stand composition suggests regeneration of mostly mixed broadleaved stands with ash admixture, and implying a gradual recovery of European ash.

{"title":"A new hope: Condition of young stands suggests natural recovery of European ash in Northern Europe","authors":"Ilze Matisone , Darta Klavina , Roberts Matisons , Keitlina Krastina , Annija Aunina , Baiba Krivmane , Maryna Ramanenka , Kateryna Davydenko","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dieback has severely affected both overstory trees and natural regeneration of European ash (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>). The diseased mature trees have mostly been harvested, and ash has regenerated only naturally. The density and health condition of the naturally regenerated ash were assessed in 69 young stands in post-clear- or sanitary clear-felled mixed stands scattered across Latvia. On average, 4665 ashes per ha were accounted, of which 59 % were healthy, 36 % were infected to varying degrees, and 4 % had died recently. The density and health condition of young ash were similar to the prior survey in 2015, suggesting some stability of ash in the ecosystem with relatively rich natural regeneration. Nevertheless, the age/size-related susceptibility to disease has shifted, as the damage increased for the saplings, while the health condition, hence vigour and growth of the larger ashes improved considerably, suggesting a potentially successful regeneration pulse. Still, stand properties affected the health of ash. The health condition was positively related to the overall tree density, and negatively related to the density of ash, suggesting that removal of the infected ashes by selective thinning could enhance the vitality of the stands. The current stand composition suggests regeneration of mostly mixed broadleaved stands with ash admixture, and implying a gradual recovery of European ash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forest temperature buffering in pure and mixed stands: A high-resolution temporal analysis with generalized additive models

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122582

Matthias Steinparzer , Loïc Gillerot , Boris Rewald , Douglas L. Godbold , Daniela Haluza , Qiwen Guo , Sonja Vospernik

Forests foster buffered microclimates, but causal mechanisms have rarely been studied on longer timescales and in differently diverse stands. Here, we explore temperature regulation by a young experimental forest in Austria, focusing on four common colline broadleaf species (Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L.) in monocultures, two- and four-species mixed stands. Air temperature was monitored in 28 forest plots for two years and compared to open-field controls. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we investigated direct temperature offsets and lags between open-field and sub-canopy temperatures, considering diurnal and seasonal changes, and causal factors such as global mean radiation, relative air humidity, wind, and leaf area index (LAI). Forests generally had a cooling effect during the summer and a warming effect in winter, where the cooling magnitude varied with species composition and environmental conditions. Specifically, Acer platanoides and Carpinus betulus demonstrated the highest cooling capacities, and Quercus robur the lowest. Mixed species stands exhibited higher temperature buffering effects relative to monospecific stands, suggesting that species diversity in forests can increase the ability to regulate microclimates. Solar radiation, relative air humidity, wind speed, and LAI all significantly influenced offsets. These findings are crucial for urban forestry and environmental planning, suggesting that careful selection of tree species can optimize temperature regulation, thereby improving human thermal comfort and ecosystem processes alike.

{"title":"Forest temperature buffering in pure and mixed stands: A high-resolution temporal analysis with generalized additive models","authors":"Matthias Steinparzer , Loïc Gillerot , Boris Rewald , Douglas L. Godbold , Daniela Haluza , Qiwen Guo , Sonja Vospernik","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests foster buffered microclimates, but causal mechanisms have rarely been studied on longer timescales and in differently diverse stands. Here, we explore temperature regulation by a young experimental forest in Austria, focusing on four common colline broadleaf species (<em>Acer platanoides</em> L., <em>Tilia cordata</em> Mill., <em>Quercus robur</em> L., <em>Carpinus betulus</em> L.) in monocultures, two- and four-species mixed stands. Air temperature was monitored in 28 forest plots for two years and compared to open-field controls. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we investigated direct temperature offsets and lags between open-field and sub-canopy temperatures, considering diurnal and seasonal changes, and causal factors such as global mean radiation, relative air humidity, wind, and leaf area index (LAI). Forests generally had a cooling effect during the summer and a warming effect in winter, where the cooling magnitude varied with species composition and environmental conditions. Specifically, <em>Acer platanoides</em> and <em>Carpinus betulus</em> demonstrated the highest cooling capacities, and <em>Quercus robur</em> the lowest. Mixed species stands exhibited higher temperature buffering effects relative to monospecific stands, suggesting that species diversity in forests can increase the ability to regulate microclimates. Solar radiation, relative air humidity, wind speed, and LAI all significantly influenced offsets. These findings are crucial for urban forestry and environmental planning, suggesting that careful selection of tree species can optimize temperature regulation, thereby improving human thermal comfort and ecosystem processes alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transition to selection cutting management in mature Scots pine stands: Short-term effect on carbon budget

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122583

K. Aun , M. Kukumägi , M. Varik , M. Uri , H. Becker , A. Sepaste , V. Uri

The study demonstrates the short-term effect of transitional selection cutting on annual carbon (C) budget in mature Scots pine stands. The applied partial harvesting is considered as selection cutting for transitioning from even-aged forest management to further continuous cover forest management. As the used harvesting method is suggested to be an alternative to clear-cut (CC), then its short-term effect on annual net ecosystem production (NEP) was studied simultaneously with clear-cutting. Partial harvesting decreased the annual net primary production of the stands by 20–40 % compared to the unmanaged plots, however, the effect on annual NEP was multifaceted and related to the species composition of the understorey and the soil microclimate. In the first post-cutting year, the NEP of partially harvested stands varied from the near- C neutral (-0.2 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) status up to C sinks (0.5–1.9 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and all studied CC areas acted as C sources, emitting 2.4–4.1 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. However, the annual soil heterotrophic respiration flux of the CC sites retained the same magnitude as in partial cutting treatments or was even smaller. The diverse trends of short-term changes in NEP in post-harvest stands indicate that the impact of initial selection cutting on the C fluxes in mature Scots pine stands was highly site specific, related mainly to complex changes in soil Rh and stand characteristics.

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引用次数: 0

Effects of leaf harvesting intensity on fruiting processes in three fodder tree species in the West African Savannah

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122589

Justin Dossou , Towanou Houetchegnon , Christine A.I.N. Ouinsavi , Terence N. Suinyuy

Leaf harvesting from fodder trees is one of the major forms of forest disturbance in West Africa, and its frequency is increasing in the wake of climate change. The impacts of leaf harvesting on fruits appearance of Afzelia africana Smith ex Pers., Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss., and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir, particularly in natural savannas, remain largely unexplored. This study explored three fodder species, (i) the minimum fruiting diameter, (ii) the time for the appearance of the first fruits after leaf harvest and (iii) the fruiting diameter most vulnerable to leaf harvest in two ecological zones in Benin. In total, 1040 individuals were examined, including 257 A. africana, 210 K. senegalensis, and 573 P. erinaceus from nine forest reserves in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones over three years (2021–2023). In the two ecological zones, the average diameters of the fruiting trees were 10 cm for K. senegalensis, 20 cm for P. erinaceus, and 15–20 cm for A. africana. The DBH, harvest intensity, and post-harvest duration were associated significantly with post-harvest fruit appearance. Low and medium leaf harvesting intensities did not prevent fruiting in the three species. Conversely, full leaf harvesting prevented fruiting in A. africana and K. senegalensis for at least two years, unlike in P. erinaceus, which fruited a year later. Stem shoot emergence in large-diameter trees in all three species, which facilitates fruiting, was impaired after leaf harvesting. Considering the results, leaf harvest intensities greater than 75 % should be discouraged to allow the three species to fruit each season to ensure seed availability for natural regeneration.

{"title":"Effects of leaf harvesting intensity on fruiting processes in three fodder tree species in the West African Savannah","authors":"Justin Dossou , Towanou Houetchegnon , Christine A.I.N. Ouinsavi , Terence N. Suinyuy","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf harvesting from fodder trees is one of the major forms of forest disturbance in West Africa, and its frequency is increasing in the wake of climate change. The impacts of leaf harvesting on fruits appearance of <em>Afzelia africana</em> Smith ex Pers., <em>Khaya senegalensis</em> (Desr.) A. Juss., and <em>Pterocarpus erinaceus</em> Poir, particularly in natural savannas, remain largely unexplored. This study explored three fodder species, (i) the minimum fruiting diameter, (ii) the time for the appearance of the first fruits after leaf harvest and (iii) the fruiting diameter most vulnerable to leaf harvest in two ecological zones in Benin. In total, 1040 individuals were examined, including 257 <em>A. africana</em>, 210 <em>K. senegalensis</em>, and 573 <em>P. erinaceus</em> from nine forest reserves in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones over three years (2021–2023). In the two ecological zones, the average diameters of the fruiting trees were 10 cm for <em>K. senegalensis</em>, 20 cm for <em>P. erinaceus,</em> and 15–20 cm for <em>A. africana</em>. The DBH, harvest intensity, and post-harvest duration were associated significantly with post-harvest fruit appearance. Low and medium leaf harvesting intensities did not prevent fruiting in the three species. Conversely, full leaf harvesting prevented fruiting in <em>A. africana</em> and <em>K. senegalensis</em> for at least two years, unlike in <em>P. erinaceus</em>, which fruited a year later. Stem shoot emergence in large-diameter trees in all three species, which facilitates fruiting, was impaired after leaf harvesting. Considering the results, leaf harvest intensities greater than 75 % should be discouraged to allow the three species to fruit each season to ensure seed availability for natural regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating terrestrial laser scanning for structural characterization of mangrove forests in Southeastern Brazil

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122567

Tatiane C. Matta , Lucas Silva Pereira , Yasmin C.B. Belmonte , Filipe de Oliveira Chaves , Mário Luiz Gomes Soares

Mangrove forests present significant structural variations at different spatial and temporal scales, reflecting complex interactions between climatic, hydrological and geomorphological factors. The analysis of these parameters by traditional methods has allowed for the description of the organization, architecture and distribution of species in mangrove ecosystems. In recent years, the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has been consolidated as an innovative and efficient tool for forest structure studies, standing out for its speed and accuracy. This study aimed to compare the performance of TLS with traditional methods concerning data collection to calculate structural parameters in mangrove forests in southeastern Brazil. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was 7.39 % for mean diameter at breast height (DBH), 13.92 % for mean height, 4.74 % for density and 12.58 % for basal area. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was of 8.92 % for mean DBH, 19.57 % for mean height, 6.75 % for density and 15.2 % for basal area. Regression analyses between the methods indicated high correlations, with coefficients of 0.78 (mean DBH), 0.98 (mean height), 0.95 (density) and 0.82 (basal area). These findings point to the potential of using TLS as an effective alternative for the structural characterization of mangrove forests. This method provides significant gains in terms of time savings, increased quality of the collected information and detailed data recording, allowing for its preservation for different analyses in future studies.

{"title":"Evaluating terrestrial laser scanning for structural characterization of mangrove forests in Southeastern Brazil","authors":"Tatiane C. Matta , Lucas Silva Pereira , Yasmin C.B. Belmonte , Filipe de Oliveira Chaves , Mário Luiz Gomes Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests present significant structural variations at different spatial and temporal scales, reflecting complex interactions between climatic, hydrological and geomorphological factors. The analysis of these parameters by traditional methods has allowed for the description of the organization, architecture and distribution of species in mangrove ecosystems. In recent years, the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) has been consolidated as an innovative and efficient tool for forest structure studies, standing out for its speed and accuracy. This study aimed to compare the performance of TLS with traditional methods concerning data collection to calculate structural parameters in mangrove forests in southeastern Brazil. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was 7.39 % for mean diameter at breast height (DBH), 13.92 % for mean height, 4.74 % for density and 12.58 % for basal area. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was of 8.92 % for mean DBH, 19.57 % for mean height, 6.75 % for density and 15.2 % for basal area. Regression analyses between the methods indicated high correlations, with coefficients of 0.78 (mean DBH), 0.98 (mean height), 0.95 (density) and 0.82 (basal area). These findings point to the potential of using TLS as an effective alternative for the structural characterization of mangrove forests. This method provides significant gains in terms of time savings, increased quality of the collected information and detailed data recording, allowing for its preservation for different analyses in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"583 ","pages":"Article 122567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0