Forest Ecology and Management最新文献_第3页

An integrated approach combining bi-temporal airborne laser scanning and X-ray microdensitometry in assessing wood properties

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122497

Maryam Poorazimy , Ghasem Ronoud , Tuomas Yrttimaa , Juha Hyyppä , Ninni Saarinen , Ville Kankare , Mikko Vastaranta

Information on wood properties across trees and stands is needed to support silviculture and wood procurement. Wood properties of standing trees are usually measured by destructive sampling limiting the number of observations that can be collected across a range of forest structural and environmental conditions. In contrast, airborne laser scanning (ALS), with its capability to characterize tree crowns and their increment over time, could provide a non-destructive approach for assessing wood properties. This study aimed at relating ALS-derived mean annual increments in tree height and crown dimensions between 2009 (T1) and 2023 (T2) to X-ray microdensitometry-measured mean ring width (RW_mean-tree) and basal-area weighted mean wood density (WD_mean-tree) formed during the same period. The experimental design comprised 257 Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 142 Norway spruces (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) across 59 sample plots representing varying boreal forest conditions. As per our investigations, the mean annual increment in tree height (ΔH_{mean_tree}) represented the strongest correlations with RW_{mean_tree} for both tree species (r = 0.43–0.44) and a weak but statistically significant correlation with WD_{mean_tree} for Norway spruces only (r = −0.17). When aggregating individual tree observations for plot-level, ΔH_{mean_plot} exhibited moderate correlations (r = 0.47–0.48) with RW_{mean_plot} for both species. WD_{mean_plot} of Scots pines showed a correlation of 0.36 with the averaged mean annual increments of crown surface area. However, none of the metrics were significant for WD_{mean_plot} of Norway spruces. By utilizing the linear-mixed effect model 40–41 % of the variations in RW_{mean_tree} of Scots pines and Norway spruces could be explained when accounting for the variability between sample plots. Based on our study, it appears that some of the variation in wood properties, particularly in ring width, can be captured using bi-temporal ALS measurements. However, assessing wood properties over large areas remains challenging and requires further research.

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引用次数: 0

Numerical response of Trypodendron lineatum to hemlock looper defoliation in boreal balsam fir forest

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122592

Jean-Michel Béland , Éric Bauce , Conrad Cloutier , Richard Berthiaume , Christian Hébert

The hemlock looper is one of the most damaging insect defoliators in Canada, often killing trees after only one or two years of heavy defoliation. A study on the short-term succession of saproxylic beetles after a hemlock looper outbreak highlighted the dominance of the striped ambrosia beetle in boreal balsam fir stands heavily defoliated by this looper. In the present study, we measured the numerical response of this ambrosia beetle to balsam fir defoliation. Our objectives were to determine 1) the defoliation threshold triggering massive colonization of balsam fir trees by the striped ambrosia beetle, using emergence traps placed around tree trunks and 2) if the upcoming colonization could be forecasted with multidirectional flight-interception traps or trunk-window traps. Results showed that colonization only began when balsam fir trees reached 95 % defoliation. Trees reaching this threshold had 54 % probability of being massively colonized as indicated by the emergence of hundreds of beetles from single trees over the summer. The probability of massive colonization reached 61 % when defoliation was total. Both, the trunk-window trap and the multidirectional flight-interception trap, proved reliable in predicting striped ambrosia beetle attacks. Either trap captured this beetle in all plots where at least one tree had been massively colonized. These traps could thus be helpful for monitoring populations of the striped ambrosia beetle, predicting tree colonization and planning salvage logging plans.

{"title":"Numerical response of Trypodendron lineatum to hemlock looper defoliation in boreal balsam fir forest","authors":"Jean-Michel Béland , Éric Bauce , Conrad Cloutier , Richard Berthiaume , Christian Hébert","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hemlock looper is one of the most damaging insect defoliators in Canada, often killing trees after only one or two years of heavy defoliation. A study on the short-term succession of saproxylic beetles after a hemlock looper outbreak highlighted the dominance of the striped ambrosia beetle in boreal balsam fir stands heavily defoliated by this looper. In the present study, we measured the numerical response of this ambrosia beetle to balsam fir defoliation. Our objectives were to determine 1) the defoliation threshold triggering massive colonization of balsam fir trees by the striped ambrosia beetle, using emergence traps placed around tree trunks and 2) if the upcoming colonization could be forecasted with multidirectional flight-interception traps or trunk-window traps. Results showed that colonization only began when balsam fir trees reached 95 % defoliation. Trees reaching this threshold had 54 % probability of being massively colonized as indicated by the emergence of hundreds of beetles from single trees over the summer. The probability of massive colonization reached 61 % when defoliation was total. Both, the trunk-window trap and the multidirectional flight-interception trap, proved reliable in predicting striped ambrosia beetle attacks. Either trap captured this beetle in all plots where at least one tree had been massively colonized. These traps could thus be helpful for monitoring populations of the striped ambrosia beetle, predicting tree colonization and planning salvage logging plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of herbivory on shrub performance in a managed forest

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122659

Sarah E. Meronk, Ryan A. Long

Large herbivores have an outsized influence on ecosystem structure and function but are declining globally. In managed forests, shrub planting is commonly used to improve habitat for large herbivores, but success of this approach has been mixed. Despite the time and cost involved, planting efforts often fail to establish viable shrub communities, underscoring the need to understand factors that govern interactions between large herbivores and planted shrubs. We evaluated whether and to what degree herbivory during winter limited performance of planted shrubs in a forest managed as winter range for North American elk (Cervus canadensis). Using long-term herbivory exclosures (n = 5) and a before-after-control-impact design, we assessed (1) the nature and magnitude of shrub responses to winter herbivory during the subsequent growing season, and (2) relationships between shrub size (i.e., height, volume) and ability to replace biomass lost to herbivores during winter. Consistent with herbivore optimization theory, shrubs responded positively to winter browsing by producing longer shoots and concomitantly more biomass during the subsequent growing season. However, this response was contingent on shrubs surpassing mean minimum size thresholds prior to being exposed to herbivory. These results indicate that identifying such thresholds and allowing planted shrubs to reach them before being exposed to herbivory could help improve the effectiveness of habitat management for large herbivores. For example, the use of low-cost fencing to temporarily protect young shrubs from browsing, or the planting of older, larger shrubs could lead to more consistent success in establishing viable shrub communities in managed forests.

{"title":"Effects of herbivory on shrub performance in a managed forest","authors":"Sarah E. Meronk, Ryan A. Long","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large herbivores have an outsized influence on ecosystem structure and function but are declining globally. In managed forests, shrub planting is commonly used to improve habitat for large herbivores, but success of this approach has been mixed. Despite the time and cost involved, planting efforts often fail to establish viable shrub communities, underscoring the need to understand factors that govern interactions between large herbivores and planted shrubs. We evaluated whether and to what degree herbivory during winter limited performance of planted shrubs in a forest managed as winter range for North American elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>). Using long-term herbivory exclosures (<em>n</em> = 5) and a before-after-control-impact design, we assessed (1) the nature and magnitude of shrub responses to winter herbivory during the subsequent growing season, and (2) relationships between shrub size (i.e., height, volume) and ability to replace biomass lost to herbivores during winter. Consistent with herbivore optimization theory, shrubs responded positively to winter browsing by producing longer shoots and concomitantly more biomass during the subsequent growing season. However, this response was contingent on shrubs surpassing mean minimum size thresholds prior to being exposed to herbivory. These results indicate that identifying such thresholds and allowing planted shrubs to reach them before being exposed to herbivory could help improve the effectiveness of habitat management for large herbivores. For example, the use of low-cost fencing to temporarily protect young shrubs from browsing, or the planting of older, larger shrubs could lead to more consistent success in establishing viable shrub communities in managed forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative effects of forest edges and canopy opening on moth communities

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122661

Pieter Vangansbeke , Pallieter De Smedt , Cyr Mestdagh , Sanne Govaert , Camille Meeussen , Thomas Vanneste , Dries Bonte , Kim Calders , Jonathan Lenoir , Fabien Spicher , Quentin Ponette , Haben Blondeel , Eva DeCock , Karen De Pauw , Wim De Schuyter , Els Dhiedt , Michael P. Perring , Pieter Sanczuk , Sanne Van Den Berge , Pieter De Frenne

Forest loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity and associated ecosystem services worldwide. Forest fragmentation leads to the creation of forest edges, which experience contrasting environmental conditions compared to forest interiors, inducing a strong change in biological communities. In addition, forest management interventions, such as thinning influence canopy opening, microclimate and strongly alter the structural environment of vegetation. Moths are a species-rich and functionally important taxonomic group because of their role in plant pollination and as bulk food for other species. Here we studied the effects of canopy structure and edge-to-interior gradients on macro-moth communities using light traps in Belgium and northern France. We found that forest edges had lower abundance of moths (a modeled reduction of 46 %) and lower species richness (-29 %) than forest interiors. Open stands had an overall lower abundance of moths compared to more closed stands (-17 %). Moreover, the interaction between forest structure and edge effect was significant, indicating stronger reductions of moth abundance towards the edge in open forest (-57 % vs −37 % in dense forest). Both local environmental variables and landscape variables explained the observed patterns, e.g., nighttime temperature of the plot and forest cover in the surrounding landscape both had a positive effect on moth activity density and species richness. We found limited evidence that moth species traits explained the observed edge-to-interior disparities, although species with larvae feeding on shrubs and trees tended to be more associated with forest cores than grass and herb feeders. Our results indicate the importance of functional forest interior habitat and relatively undisturbed forests with a high structural complexity for moth conservation.

{"title":"Negative effects of forest edges and canopy opening on moth communities","authors":"Pieter Vangansbeke , Pallieter De Smedt , Cyr Mestdagh , Sanne Govaert , Camille Meeussen , Thomas Vanneste , Dries Bonte , Kim Calders , Jonathan Lenoir , Fabien Spicher , Quentin Ponette , Haben Blondeel , Eva DeCock , Karen De Pauw , Wim De Schuyter , Els Dhiedt , Michael P. Perring , Pieter Sanczuk , Sanne Van Den Berge , Pieter De Frenne","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity and associated ecosystem services worldwide. Forest fragmentation leads to the creation of forest edges, which experience contrasting environmental conditions compared to forest interiors, inducing a strong change in biological communities. In addition, forest management interventions, such as thinning influence canopy opening, microclimate and strongly alter the structural environment of vegetation. Moths are a species-rich and functionally important taxonomic group because of their role in plant pollination and as bulk food for other species. Here we studied the effects of canopy structure and edge-to-interior gradients on macro-moth communities using light traps in Belgium and northern France. We found that forest edges had lower abundance of moths (a modeled reduction of 46 %) and lower species richness (-29 %) than forest interiors. Open stands had an overall lower abundance of moths compared to more closed stands (-17 %). Moreover, the interaction between forest structure and edge effect was significant, indicating stronger reductions of moth abundance towards the edge in open forest (-57 % vs −37 % in dense forest). Both local environmental variables and landscape variables explained the observed patterns, e.g., nighttime temperature of the plot and forest cover in the surrounding landscape both had a positive effect on moth activity density and species richness. We found limited evidence that moth species traits explained the observed edge-to-interior disparities, although species with larvae feeding on shrubs and trees tended to be more associated with forest cores than grass and herb feeders. Our results indicate the importance of functional forest interior habitat and relatively undisturbed forests with a high structural complexity for moth conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Productivity of mixed plantations of ash and larch in northeastern China – a model-based analysis

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122609

Lihu Dong , Qing Wang , Xingji Jin , Timo Pukkala , Fengri Li

Mixed forests are favored in forest management because of their higher biodiversity and resilience than pure stands. The productivity of a mixed stand may be better than the average of monospecific stands of those species that form the mixed stand. In northeastern China, most plantation forests are monocultures, but mixed plantations are also increasingly established. Several experiments of planted mixtures of Changbai larch (Larix olgensis) and Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) have been established in the Heilongjiang province of northeastern China. This study analyzed the growth and mortality of the trees in these experiments at ages 15–30 years. Both distance-dependent and distance-independent tree-level models for diameter increment and mortality were developed. The analyses showed that competition indices calculated from tree heights performed better than indices based on trunk diameters, indicating the importance of competition for light. The models suggested that ash benefits from a larch admixture, but larch does not benefit from the presence of ashes. Simulations conducted using the models showed that, at stand ages of 15–30 years, ash stands were more productive than mixed or pure larch stands. Because the two species performed differently in different experiments and plots, no overall conclusions could be drawn about the overyielding or under-yielding of mixed stands. In some sites, the mixture may be more productive than the average of pure stands, but this conclusion cannot be generalized.

{"title":"Productivity of mixed plantations of ash and larch in northeastern China – a model-based analysis","authors":"Lihu Dong , Qing Wang , Xingji Jin , Timo Pukkala , Fengri Li","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed forests are favored in forest management because of their higher biodiversity and resilience than pure stands. The productivity of a mixed stand may be better than the average of monospecific stands of those species that form the mixed stand. In northeastern China, most plantation forests are monocultures, but mixed plantations are also increasingly established. Several experiments of planted mixtures of Changbai larch (<em>Larix olgensis</em>) and Manchurian ash (<em>Fraxinus mandshurica</em>) have been established in the Heilongjiang province of northeastern China. This study analyzed the growth and mortality of the trees in these experiments at ages 15–30 years. Both distance-dependent and distance-independent tree-level models for diameter increment and mortality were developed. The analyses showed that competition indices calculated from tree heights performed better than indices based on trunk diameters, indicating the importance of competition for light. The models suggested that ash benefits from a larch admixture, but larch does not benefit from the presence of ashes. Simulations conducted using the models showed that, at stand ages of 15–30 years, ash stands were more productive than mixed or pure larch stands. Because the two species performed differently in different experiments and plots, no overall conclusions could be drawn about the overyielding or under-yielding of mixed stands. In some sites, the mixture may be more productive than the average of pure stands, but this conclusion cannot be generalized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tree vitality predicts plant-pathogenic fungal communities in beech forest canopies

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122588

Yiwei Duan , Andjin Siegenthaler , Andrew K. Skidmore , Haidi Abdullah , Anthony A. Chariton , Ivo Laros , Mélody Rousseau , G. Arjen de Groot

Forest canopies host diverse fungal communities that are crucial for tree vitality—defined as the physiological and structural traits influencing growth and resilience—and, consequently, for ecosystem functions. The canopy mycobiome has been shown to be closely associated with its tree hosts, especially in the case of pathogenic taxa. To better understand and predict how the canopy mycobiome will respond to changing environmental conditions, we used tree vitality-related variables to predict patterns in the beech canopy fungal plant-pathogens in two temperate forests— Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany and the Veluwe forest area, the Netherlands. Canopy water content, chlorophyll content, and crown diameter emerged as robust predictors of the canopy fungal plant-pathogen communities. We showed that these tree vitality-related variables predicted the unweighted relative abundance of plant-pathogenic fungi in the total fungal communities and the diversity of the fungal plant pathogen subgroup, but not the weighted relative abundance of plant-pathogenic fungi in the total fungal communities. Our model offers a powerful tool for monitoring this previously neglected biome in temperate beech forests in Europe.

{"title":"Tree vitality predicts plant-pathogenic fungal communities in beech forest canopies","authors":"Yiwei Duan , Andjin Siegenthaler , Andrew K. Skidmore , Haidi Abdullah , Anthony A. Chariton , Ivo Laros , Mélody Rousseau , G. Arjen de Groot","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest canopies host diverse fungal communities that are crucial for tree vitality—defined as the physiological and structural traits influencing growth and resilience—and, consequently, for ecosystem functions. The canopy mycobiome has been shown to be closely associated with its tree hosts, especially in the case of pathogenic taxa. To better understand and predict how the canopy mycobiome will respond to changing environmental conditions, we used tree vitality-related variables to predict patterns in the beech canopy fungal plant-pathogens in two temperate forests— Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany and the Veluwe forest area, the Netherlands. Canopy water content, chlorophyll content, and crown diameter emerged as robust predictors of the canopy fungal plant-pathogen communities. We showed that these tree vitality-related variables predicted the unweighted relative abundance of plant-pathogenic fungi in the total fungal communities and the diversity of the fungal plant pathogen subgroup, but not the weighted relative abundance of plant-pathogenic fungi in the total fungal communities. Our model offers a powerful tool for monitoring this previously neglected biome in temperate beech forests in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Converting larch monocultures to mixed-species forests: Ten-year impacts of canopy manipulation on understory regeneration 将落叶松单植林转变为混交林：树冠控制对林下再生的十年影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122611

Yuan Gao , Xiaoyu Wang , Qiang Liu , Jinxin Zhang , Xiaoyi Han , Sheng-I Yang , Deliang Lu

Larch (Larix spp.) monoculture plantations are widely used for timber production but often lead to reduced biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, exploring strategies to transition these plantations into mixed-species forests while maintaining forest ecosystem sustainability is crucial. This study examines the ten-year impacts (2015–2024) of small-scale, low-intensity canopy manipulation on the growth performance of planted Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) and Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai). Four canopy treatments were applied: control (no treatment), light thinning (25 % basal area reduction), smaller gaps (45 m²), and larger gaps (160 m²). We also compared artificial planting with existing natural regeneration under these treatments. Results indicated that both species primarily survived in gaps, with nearly all individuals in control and thinning treatments dying after 10 years. For Manchurian walnut, stems exhibited significantly greater height and root collar diameter (RCD) at gap centers, particularly in larger gaps, where height was 190 % greater than at gap edges. For Korean spruce, while RCD did not differ significantly between gap sizes, it was 16–21 % higher at gap centers compared to edges. Ecophysiological traits (i.e., specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, and non-structural carbohydrate concentration) were largely unaffected by gap size or within-gap position. Furthermore, the proportion of dominant species was higher in artificial planting plots (69 %) than in natural regeneration plots (57 %), while natural regeneration plots supported more common species (10 vs. 7). These findings highlight the efficacy of combining gap creation with artificial planting as a silvicultural approach to gradually transitioning larch monocultures into mixed-species forests.

{"title":"Converting larch monocultures to mixed-species forests: Ten-year impacts of canopy manipulation on understory regeneration","authors":"Yuan Gao , Xiaoyu Wang , Qiang Liu , Jinxin Zhang , Xiaoyi Han , Sheng-I Yang , Deliang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Larch (<em>Larix</em> spp.) monoculture plantations are widely used for timber production but often lead to reduced biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, exploring strategies to transition these plantations into mixed-species forests while maintaining forest ecosystem sustainability is crucial. This study examines the ten-year impacts (2015–2024) of small-scale, low-intensity canopy manipulation on the growth performance of planted Manchurian walnut (<em>Juglans mandshurica</em> Maxim.) and Korean spruce (<em>Picea koraiensis</em> Nakai). Four canopy treatments were applied: control (no treatment), light thinning (25 % basal area reduction), smaller gaps (45 m²), and larger gaps (160 m²). We also compared artificial planting with existing natural regeneration under these treatments. Results indicated that both species primarily survived in gaps, with nearly all individuals in control and thinning treatments dying after 10 years. For Manchurian walnut, stems exhibited significantly greater height and root collar diameter (RCD) at gap centers, particularly in larger gaps, where height was 190 % greater than at gap edges. For Korean spruce, while RCD did not differ significantly between gap sizes, it was 16–21 % higher at gap centers compared to edges. Ecophysiological traits (i.e., specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, and non-structural carbohydrate concentration) were largely unaffected by gap size or within-gap position. Furthermore, the proportion of dominant species was higher in artificial planting plots (69 %) than in natural regeneration plots (57 %), while natural regeneration plots supported more common species (10 vs. 7). These findings highlight the efficacy of combining gap creation with artificial planting as a silvicultural approach to gradually transitioning larch monocultures into mixed-species forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12350,"journal":{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management","volume":"585 ","pages":"Article 122611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term trajectories of impacts and recovery of headwater stream temperatures after forest harvest in interior British Columbia

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122613

Douglas C. Braun , Dylan S. Cunningham , Herb E. Herunter , Sean M. Naman , Amanda M. Martens

This study examines the impact-recovery trajectory of stream temperatures following different riparian harvest treatments. We assessed the seasonal and annual changes in thermal sensitivity and temperatures across four different riparian management treatments in interior British Columbia using a Before-After-Control-Impact design across 6 headwater streams and 28 years. Riparian treatments included combinations of two buffer widths and two levels of retention of merchantable trees. Harvest periods included a pre-harvest period (1995–1996), short-term (1997–2009) and long-term post-harvest (2019–2024) periods. We found thermal sensitivity and stream temperatures responded rapidly to forest harvest similar to previous studies. Although stream temperatures peaked during months with the warmest air temperatures (July and August), the effect of riparian harvest on thermal sensitivity and mean daily temperatures had a strong seasonal component, whereby the largest harvest effects occurred during May and June. The largest short-term effects of forest harvest were observed in the stream with the least protective riparian management treatment and little to no effect was observed in the most protected stream. Forest harvest impacts on stream temperatures persisted through the short-term post-harvest period but recovery appeared to be underway in the long-term post-harvest period. Collectively, this work characterizes a multi-decadal impact-recovery trajectory for headwater stream temperatures across seasons and different riparian management treatments.

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引用次数: 0

Plant-derived carbon contribution to soil organic carbon accumulation increases with tropical lowland forest restoration

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122608

Yanfei Sun , Zongrui Lai , Meiqiu Yang , Quanchao Wang , Wangang Deng , Wenxing Long

Natural restoration of tropical forests is an effective strategy for mitigating global climate change and enhancing ecosystem carbon stocks. Although studies have shown soil organic carbon storage following forest restoration efforts, the responses of organic carbon sources and their stabilisation to these restoration practices remain unclear. In this study, we employed amino sugars and lignin phenols as biomarkers to explore the contributions of microbial necromass and plant lignin components to soil organic carbon across a chronosequence of tropical lowland forest restorations (<30, >40, >70 years and old-growth forests). Following forest restoration, the concentration of amino sugars in soil organic carbon substantially decreased, whereas the concentration of lignin phenols showed no notable change. The contribution of microbially derived carbon to soil organic carbon steadily declined from 55 % to 33 % as forest restoration progressed, while the contribution of plant-derived carbon increased from 2.7 % to 3.4 %. Microbial-derived carbon remained the dominant source of soil organic carbon accumulation, although its proportion in the organic carbon pool decreased during the restoration process. The Mantel test and structural equation models showed that soil nutrient availability (available phosphorus, available nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen) and microbial biomass nitrogen were the primary variables influencing microbially derived carbon, whereas plant-derived carbon was regulated by plant root biomass and microbial biomass nitrogen. These findings highlight the importance of combining plant lignin and microbial necromass in regulate soil organic carbon accumulation during tropical forest restoration. This study supports the development of effective carbon management strategies for tropical forests.

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引用次数: 0

Cumulative and discrete effects of forest harvest and drainage on the hydrological regime and nutrient dynamics in boreal catchments

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122605

Virginia Mosquera , Hjalmar Laudon , Shirin Karimi , Ryan A. Sponseller , Eliza Maher Hasselquist

In boreal landscapes, forest management has the potential to become a major driver of surface water quality due to the large proportion of actively-used land areas and the intensity of forestry operations. In Fennoscandia, forest management is comprised of different operations during a single rotation, where final harvest by clear cutting and subsequent ditch cleaning to restore drainage capacity are among the most influential on water quality. Here, we analyzed the single and combined effect of these forest management operations on the concentrations and exports of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (PO₄) in boreal Sweden. We measured groundwater table level, stream discharge, and water chemistry data continuously following experimental clear cutting and ditch cleaning applied to a historically drained forest using a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. We used linear mixed models to test whether DOC, DON, DIN and PO₄ concentrations were affected after each individual forest management operation, and further analyzed the response of the cumulative operations. We found that after clear cutting, concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients increased significantly. However, for catchments with ditch cleaning after clear cutting, concentrations of organic nutrients in surface water decreased to pre-disturbance levels; inorganic nutrient concentrations also decreased but less strongly than organic counterparts. Despite this effect, catchments with ditch cleaning after clear cutting still showed an increase in overall organic and inorganic nutrient exports when compared to the reference catchments and the pre-treatment period. Nevertheless, catchments without ditch cleaning showed an even higher increase in both concentration and exports of most solutes. Overall, our results suggest changes in C, N and P exports due to forest management, along with the large spatial extent of this activity, could promote biogeochemical shifts and trigger water quality deterioration in boreal streams.

在北方地区，森林管理有可能成为地表水水质的主要驱动因素，这是因为积极使用的土地面积所占比例很大，而且林业作业强度也很大。在芬诺斯坎迪亚，森林管理由单个轮伐期中的不同作业组成，其中通过清伐进行最终采伐以及随后清理沟渠以恢复排水能力对水质的影响最大。在这里，我们分析了这些森林管理作业对瑞典北方地区溶解有机碳（DOC）、溶解有机氮（DON）、溶解无机氮（DIN）和溶解无机磷酸盐（PO4）的浓度和输出的单一和综合影响。我们采用控制影响（BACI）前-控制影响（BACI）后的设计，在对历史上排水不畅的森林进行试验性清伐和沟渠清理后，连续测量了地下水位、溪流排水量和水化学数据。我们使用线性混合模型来检验 DOC、DON、DIN 和 PO4 浓度在每次森林管理作业后是否受到影响，并进一步分析了累积作业的响应。我们发现，砍伐后，有机营养物和无机营养物的浓度明显增加。然而，对于清伐后进行了沟渠清理的集水区，地表水中的有机养分浓度下降到了干扰前的水平；无机养分浓度也有所下降，但下降的幅度小于有机养分浓度。尽管有这一影响，但与参照集水区和处理前相比，清淤后进行了沟渠清理的集水区的有机和无机营养物质总输出量仍有所增加。然而，未进行沟渠清理的集水区在大多数溶质的浓度和输出量方面都出现了更高的增长。总之，我们的研究结果表明，森林管理导致的碳、氮和磷输出量的变化，以及这种活动的巨大空间范围，可能会促进生物地球化学的转变，并引发北方溪流水质的恶化。

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引用次数: 0