Food Hydrocolloids for Health最新文献

The objective of this research was to explore the functional qualities of two EPSs produced by recently discovered LAB (Lactobacillus delbrueckii (EPS-LB3) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (EPS-MLB3)) that have potential probiotic benefits. The study involved evaluating their biological characteristics, such as their antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative activities at various concentrations, as well as investigating their effects on the gut microbiome through in vitro fecal fermentation. Moreover, the study analyzed the rheological properties of the EPSs in fermented bovine milk. The average molecular weights of the extracted EPS were 3762.43 kDa and 1272.19 kDa with monosaccharide compositions of Glu:Rib:Man:Xyl (1.0:16.4:6.6:6.5) and Rib:Man:Xyl:GA:Ara (7.1:1.6:4.8:1.0:9.0) for EPS-LB3 and EPS-MLB3, respectively. EPS-LB3 and EPS-MLB3 at 250 mg/L showed scavenging rates of 34.0 ± 1.7 % and 37.5 ± 1.1 % for DPPH, 47.3 ± 0.8 % and 56.6 ± 0.7 % for ABTS, 38.3 ± 0.5 % and 43.5 ± 0.6 % for SD, 53.9 ± 0.1 % and 54.7 ± 0.1 % for SAS, 10.6 ± 0.1 % and 10.7 ± 0.2 % for HP, 88.8 ± 0.1 % and 84.8 ± 0.5 % for HRS, 80.0 ± 1.4 % and 84.5 ± 0.8 % for MC, as well as 60.6 ± 1.7 % and 58.1 ± 0.9 % for Lipid Oxidation, respectively, suggesting good antioxidant properties. They also exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects against several foodborne pathogens, and antiproliferative activities against cancer cell lines. Additionally, the utilization of EPS by several probiotics indicated the prebiotic nature of EPS. The effect of both EPS on gut microbiome by fecal fermentation revealed that these EPS promoted selective bacteria like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii in the gut, which are responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production.

Novel visual intelligent pH-indicator film was prepared from the eggshell membrane- gelatin, pectin, and anthocyanin pigment from butterfly pea flower (BP) (Clitoria ternatea). It was used as a real-time pH indicator for predicting food freshness. Eggshells are useful biowaste, gelatin has been extracted from the eggshell membrane and was used for fabricating the film. The Anthocyanin content of BP extract was 198.3 mg g⁻¹. The film's surface morphology and chemical nature were estimated using a Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. The film was pH responsive and exhibited color variation ranging from shades of red, purple, blue, green, and yellow at different pH (1-13). The applicability of the developed pH- indicator film was studied on fresh Tilapia fish by monitoring its deterioration for a specific time period. The film showed a visible color change after seven days of storage at 4ºC from dark blue, bluish-grey to olive, and deep green. Change in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and pH change had an effect on the color response of the film. The findings demonstrated that the fabricated pH indicator film proved to be pH sensitive and could be used to monitor fish freshness.

A “clean-label” gluten-free bread (GFB) was developed by replacing the commonly used hydrocolloid additive, methylcellulose, with an aqueous flaxseed slurry (FSS), known for its structure-forming properties, at 3 or 4.5 % levels into GFB formulations; for further nutritional improvement of GFB, the inclusion of 5 or 10 % roasted-sprouted lentil flour (SLF) was also investigated. FSS and SLF addition increased hardness, consistency, storage and loss moduli, and viscosity of the composite batters. The specific volumes of fortified breads were reduced, compared to control bread containing methylcellulose; however, they were greatly improved compared to bread made without any added hydrocolloid. Fresh breads containing solely FSS (3, 4.5 %) and that made with 3 % FSS-5 % SLF exhibited crumb textural characteristics similar to the control; the 3 % FSS-5 % SLF fortified sample showed similar textural changes upon storage (48 h, 25 °C) and slightly lower amylopectin retrogradation, compared to control bread. Further to increasing the contents of protein and total dietary fiber, FSS incorporation into GFB decreased the glucose release upon in vitro starch digestion, whereas inclusion of both FSS and SLF weakened this effect. Moreover, the “nutty” and “roasted legume” flavor-aroma notes, introduced by FSS and SLF, reduced the typical flat “rice” flavor-aroma of GFB, thus contributing to the higher overall consumer acceptability scores received for breads containing solely FSS as well as those fortified with 3 %FSS-5 % SLF. Overall, both FSS and SLF appear to be promising functional ingredients for production of “clean-label” GFB, having higher contents of macronutrients, improved sensorial characteristics, and acceptable textural attributes.

Cancer cell resistance towards drugs leads to limited drug efficacy and therefore, combination therapy of drugs has emerged as a solution. In addition to this, the importance of a carrier system for the co-delivery of drugs to improve the potential of anti-cancer drug efficacy cannot be overlooked. Nowadays, polymer-rich dense phases of liquid droplets, known as coacervates, have emerged as an appealing option to be utilised as drug carriers. Our previous study which reported the complexation between zein and laponite to form coacervates and their future prospect as dual drug carriers has been extended in this work. The present work has validated the usefulness of the synthesized coacervate as a dual-drug carrier for a hydrophilic drug (cisplatin) and a hydrophobic drug (curcumin) towards a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). The MTT assay and flow cytometry data for MDA-MB-231 cells suggested that the coacervate carrying dual drugs effectively transported anticancer drugs to the cancer cells, thereby arresting their cell cycle in the S phase (by neutral coacervates, X₁) and in the G₂/M phase (by charged coacervates, X₂). Further, it is also revealed that the amount of cisplatin needed to achieve half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was reduced by a maximum of 70% when flavonoid (curcumin) was used in combination with cisplatin due to synergistic effect.

Oxidative stress is widely acknowledged as a key contributor to a wide range of human illness. Although certain aspects of signaling pathways are being studied, comprehensive metabolic pathways for illness have been identified. Antioxidant treatment may have a significant potential to treat different kinds of illnesses. Fruit polysaccharides include potential antioxidant components for human wellbeing that have a long tradition in alternative as well as complementary medicines. These are widely accessible from the plant resources and have no adverse effects when consumed. The result of recent researches has already been shown that different fruit polysaccharides possess important biological features, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and an increase of cell proliferation, immunological modulation, anticancer activity and so on. In the current paper, extraction methodologies of various polysaccharides from fruits, purification of the extracted fruit polysaccharides and their potential antioxidant activities have been reviewed in depth. In conclusion, the current review reveals that these bioactive fruit polysaccharides may have potential in medicinal and industrial applications.

Cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) is a toxic compound found as a pollutant in the environment due to agricultural and industrial sources. Exposure to Cd²⁺ is known to promote malignant tumors such as lung cancer and leukemia. While the current medications for cadmium toxicity focus on treatments to promote the excretion from the body, treatments to improve health after cadmium exposure are less well studied. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a polysaccharide derived from citrus peels that has been shown to induce natural killer cell activity in myeloid leukemia cells and also act as a natural chelation agent to help excrete toxic metals from healthy human subjects. We hypothesized that MCP might have a counteracting effect against CdCl₂ toxicity through cancer-related pathways. This study investigates the effects of MCP on CdCl₂ toxicity in C. elegans, which shares a number of cancer-related pathways with mammals. The results indicated that MCP was able to significantly counter the toxic effects of CdCl₂ on C. elegans lifespan and development. Our studies suggest that the beneficial effects of MCP may result from its ability to mitigate the effects of CdCl₂ on gene expression, particularly in conserved pathways associated with apoptosis, tumor induction and suppression and inflammation-related pathways.

Mycotoxins are widely present in maize, a favourite staple food in sub-Saharan Africa. Food processing methods, like fermentation, have been suggested as potential ways to reduce mycotoxin contamination levels in the grain and, as a result, limit the exposure of crop consumers to the harmful effects of the toxins. The influence of four traditional fermentation processes [cold (with changed steeping liquor (CSL) and unchanged steeping liquor (USL), Fon and Goun procedures] on the mycotoxin reduction and metabolites profile of ogi, a fermented maize product, was studied. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography linked to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HR-TOF-MS) were respectively employed for the mycotoxin and metabolite profiles analyses of the samples. Among the nine mycotoxins detected in the raw maize samples, aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) + fumonisin B₂ (FB₂) concentrations were found to exceed the European Union (EU) maximum limit. Both cold (containing USL and CSL) and Goun fermentation techniques were able to lower the AFB₁ concentration below this threshold. The metabolomics result revealed that ogi produced using the cold (USL) and Fon fermentation processes had the highest number of most of the detected important compounds, whereas the Goun fermentation process produced the fewest compounds in total. There was no statistically significant difference in the ability of the specified natural fermentation processes to lower FB₁, FB₂, FB₃, deoxynivalenol (DON), sterigmatocystin (STERIG), and zearalenone concentrations in maize (ZEN). In addition, the results demonstrated that the four natural fermentation processes evaluated had varying effects.

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and can serve as crucial immunomodulatory agents. However, their effectiveness in regulating inflammatory cytokines and inducing remission of ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and non-specific inflammatory ailment that affects around 5 million adults worldwide, remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a thorough analysis and evaluation of the effects of exopolysaccharides on the immune system in animals with ulcerative colitis in randomized preclinical trials. The literature was performed according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348361) and PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, LiLacs, ScieLo, Cochrane and TripDatabase databases were reviewed for randomized preclinical studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined between January 2013 and July 2022. Methodological quality was assessed by SYRCLE “Risk of Bias” (RoB) and meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 software using a random effects model. A total of six studies met the inclusion criteria and were at low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that EPS significantly decreased both pro-inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (SMD= -375.31, 95% CI (-628.23–122.39), p= 0.004); Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (SMD= -144.19, 95% CI (-261–26.54) p= 0.02); Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD= -481.78, CI 95% (-771.00–192.56) p=0.001), how to recover colon length (SMD: 9.24, CI 95 % (4.38 - 14.09), p = 0.0002) and disease activity index (DAI) (SMD: -13.29, 95% CI(-19.04–7.55), p=0.00001), while they showed no effects against the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 (SDM: 683.59, 95% CI (-86.41-1453.60, p = 0.08) and IL-4 (SMD: 16.05, CI 95% (-52.27-84.37), p=0.65). The meta-analysis results indicated that EPS could be an alternative or adjuvant treatment for UC, mainly regulating of pro-inflammatory agents. However, studies of intracellular signaling are needed to offer more elucidative evidence.

The Australian native plant, lemon-scented tea tree (LSTT) is rich in polyphenols with strong antioxidant activities. Encapsulation enhances the potential applications of plant extracts and additionally protects them from degradation. The encapsulating agent is one of the key elements in the encapsulation process. In this study, lemon pomace powder (LPP) was investigated as a new carrier agent for LSTT leaf phenolic extract, and its performance was compared with the commonly used polysaccharide (i.e., maltodextrin (MD)) and protein-based (i.e., soy protein isolate (SPI)) coating materials. The encapsulation efficiency, colour, polyphenol and antioxidant property retention, particle morphology, crystallinity, flow properties, and release behaviour in food simulants and gastrointestinal fluid were studied to compare the performance of the carrier agents individually and in combinations. The encapsulation efficiency of lemon pomace powder (LPP) was above 95 % and the order for the retention of polyphenol and antioxidant capacities were MD>LPP>SPI. LPP offers better flow properties and unique particle morphology, which was also amorphous in nature with some degree of crystallinity. The release profile in the food simulants showed a controlled and sustained release rate over the tested period, which was comparable with MD and SPI. In gastrointestinal fluids, the percent release followed the order of SPI>LPP>MD for the carrier agents. The incorporation of LPP with MD and SPI can improve several properties of the individual carrier agents. Thus, LPP can be used as a potential carrier agent for polyphenols in functional food formulation either on its own or in combination with other coating materials.

Babies born to mothers suffering from gonorrhea may experience severe eye infections that might culminate in loss of vision. The eyes of the neonate can are infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, during birth. The primary goal of the study was to develop a stable aqueous ion-activated polymeric solution with clinically useful amounts of fatty acid-based monocaprin and a polymeric mixture of two commonly employed edible polysaccharide, sodium alginate and gellan gum. Monocaprin is an antibacterial agent against the treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, which was successfully formulated as an ion-activated in-situ gel-forming ophthalmic solution. The absence of drug-polymer interaction was confirmed from the FTIR study. The gelling capacity confirmed pH dependent (pH 7.2–7.4) sol-to-gel transition at 37°C±0.5°C. Formulation C4 was selected as the best formulation because it exhibited clear appearance, pH, good gelling capacity, optimum viscosity, 96.4% in-vitro drug release up to 11h. Formulation C4 also exhibited 96.6% drug release after 12h using goat cornea. The study results demonstrated remarkable enhancement in corneal permeation of in-situ gel in contrast to conventional eye drops. Sterility results showed no evidence of bacterial growth after 14 days in different media. The developed monocaprin incorporated sodium alginate and gellan gum based in situ gel formulation showed promising results with increased ocular residence and enhanced corneal permeability.