Food Hydrocolloids for Health最新文献

The research was undertaken to design, develop and characterize the smart lipid system of an inadequate bioavailable Atovaquone (ATQ). The poor aqueous solubility and dissolution are the major constrain of inadequate bioavailability. The solubility study reveals that Labrasol-ALF (L-ALF), Tween 80, and Trancutol®P (TP) were screened as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The pseudo ternary diagram was constructed to locate the appropriate amount of each ingredient, and a 1:3:1 ratio of l-ALF: Tween 80: TP was chosen. The effect of precipitation inhibitor was assessed using the parachute effect. Soluplus® (SP) was chosen as a precipitation inhibitor at 5%. Ishikawa diagram and qualitative risk assessment were performed to screen the critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs). d-optimal mixture design was explored for the optimization of the formulation. The amount of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant was screened as independent variables, whereas globule size, poly-dispersibility index (PDI), and solubility were designated dependent variables. The design batches were evaluated for the in-vitro dissolution rate, PDI, zeta potential, globule size, etc. The optimal region was located using an overlay plot. The optimized formulation has shown a 97.91% drug release within 1 h. The value of zeta potential (-27.43 mV) and PDI (0.468) indicates the stability of the formulation. The parachute effect had explored for the selection of precipitation inhibitors. SP was able to increase the solubility of ATQ and reduce the precipitation of the drug. The amount of l-ALF, Tween, 80and TP was significant for the formulation of SNEDDS. The formulation was novel, effective, patient-friendly, and industry oriented.

Proteins are one of the many effective biomolecules found in oilseed meals. In order to formulate an oil-in-water nanoemulsion based lipophilic nutraceutical delivery vehicle for Rice Bran oil (RBO) rich in γ-oryzanol, we used mustard seed meal protein isolate (MPI) as a novel natural surfactant together with a small molecular weight co-surfactant Tween 20 in various ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) to stabilize the heterogeneous system. The oxidative stability, physico-chemical characterization in response to pH and ionic strength, shelf-life, and storage of the nanoemulsions containing 1% surfactant in total, comprising different ratios of MPI and Tween 20 were optimised to form an efficient biphasic surfactant system. The oil-in-water nanoemulsions fabricated utilizing high energy approach, i.e. high pressure homogenisation method was found to reduce dispersed phase particles size in the range of 150–160 nm. Minimal non-significant variation in droplet size and surface charge over the 8 weeks storage periods proves their excellent shelf-life stability. The use of MPI as surfactant for the delivery system also increased the lipid fraction digestibility releasing 70% of the fatty acids from dispersed phase oil droplets in simulated intestinal phase of three step in vitro digestion of nanoemulsion as compared to its conventional counterpart. The γ-oryzanol rich nanoemulsions improved prophylactic effectiveness against ROS in terms of overall cell survival and cell membrane integrity. The results will pave new domains to use MPI as surface active agents for delivery system formulation enriched with nutraceuticals and phytochemicals possessing superior functional advantages, bioavailability and antioxidative potentials.

The acute and subacute studies of two chitosan derivatives was conducted by oral administration on Swiss albino mice. Chitosan soluble derivatives were prepared by depolymerization method using potassium persulfate. ¹³C NMR data have revealed that Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) has higher (∼70%) ‘acetylated’ residues and Self Assembled Chitosan Microparticles (SAMC) consists of ‘deacetylated’ residues. For acute toxicity study, a single dose of two concentrations 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw of the chitosan derivatives (LMWC, or SAMC) was given orally to healthy mice. Results indicated that the LD₅₀ value for chitosan derivatives was greater than 5000 mg/kg bw. In the sub-acute toxicity studies, administration of concentrations 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw dose of chitosan derivatives (repeated daily dose for 28 days) also did not reveal any toxicological changes in clinical observations, viz. relative organs, body weight, food consumption, biochemical parameters studied, antioxidant markers, and histopathological studies has been compared with control group. Together, present systematic study supports the oral administration of non-viscous and soluble chitosan derivatives (LMWC & SAMC) will have no toxicity may be safe to use in food and pharma applications.

Liposomes are amphiphilic structures widely explored for the encapsulation of various active ingredients in the area of pharmaceutics, cosmetics and numerous others. Wherein, the conventional liposomal structure is found to possess certain drawbacks with regard to their stability and release kinetics of active ingredients. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that exhibits structural stability, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, non-immunogenicity and targetability. Coating of chitosan to liposomes have found to modulate the bio functionality of liposome vesicles in terms of stability and release kinetics and therefore chitosan coated liposomes (chitosomes) remain as efficient carrier to transport potential bioactives to the targeted sites effectively. This review highlights the liposomal mediated encapsulation methods and induces insights to employ modulation of liposomal stability by chitosan coating to liposomes for the facile transport of active ingredients for multiple applications.

The in vitro assessment of prebiotics involves elaborate microbiological techniques or a combination of culture techniques and molecular methods. In this study, the isothermal microcalorimeter, an instrument which can monitor the real time growth of bacteria was applied to investigate the prebiotic effect of inulin in real time. Fresh and standardized frozen faecal slurries were prepared, placed and monitored in the isothermal microcalorimeter. The faecal samples and commercial probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12® were cultured in a mixed medium of cooked meat medium (CMM) and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth with and without supplementation with inulin and monitored in the microcalorimeter. The results showed power-time (p-t) curves that were characteristic for the samples. The p-t curves of the fresh and frozen faecal samples were similar. Augmented microbial activity was observed when the faecal sample was inoculated into CMM-BHI mixed broth with significant enhancement of microbial activity detected in the presence of inulin which was reproducible. Deconvoluted p-t curves showed multiple peaks with time and intensity variance depending on presence or absence of inulin suggesting possible differences in utilization of inulin by the different groups of bacteria in the polymicrobial sample. P-t curves of the pure species did not show any significant change when inulin was supplemented into the medium likely due to the inability of the bacteria to primarily utilize inulin.

Patients with dysphagia who adhere to drinking thickened water is still a challenge, as patients dislike it and it does not quench their thirst. The objective of this study was to relate the physical properties of six commercial thickeners based on gums, modified starch, or mixtures of modified starch and gums, to sensory characteristics and the liking and refreshing sensation. Therefore, viscosity, friction, adhesiveness, and firmness were obtained for all thickeners with and without artificial saliva. Sensory attributes for the six thickeners were obtained using the Flash Profile method; furthermore, acceptance and refreshing sensation were also studied. The results showed that high viscous thickeners without particle presence were preferred. These thickeners were gum-based and starch-dispersed, which were described as providing a viscous and smooth texture and being tasteless. Starch-based thickeners with starch granules with integrity had lower preference than gum-based or starch-dispersed thickeners, and were described as having a sandy and fluid texture, with an intense starch taste and aftertaste. Among the preferred thickeners (gum-based thickeners and starch-dispersed thickeners), a lower friction coefficient was related to a higher refreshing sensation, probably caused by a short oral residence.

β-carotene (βC) is a liposoluble natural pigment important for human health due to their antioxidant and provitamin A activities but presents high chemistry instabilities which increases their oxidation in the presence of light, oxygen, high temperatures and low pHs. This research aimed to microencapsulate βC by complex coacervation of ovalbumin (OVA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg). The microencapsulation technique was employed at pH=4.0 and 8:1 OVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio, after confirming their affinity with zeta potential, state diagram, turbidity, and isothermal trituration calorimetry analyses. The obtained microcapsules presented spherical morphology with well-defined core and high encapsulation efficiency (97.90%). The presence of OVA, NaAlg and βC in microcapsules was confirmed by the Fourier transformed infrared analyses. The in vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal digestion of the microcapsules revealed that 71.39% of microencapsulated βC was released in the intestines with 32.78% of bioaccessibility. The release kinetics of encapsulated βC demonstrated that the βC release mechanism occurs by Fickian diffusion. The addition of βC microcapsules in cookies improved by 2-fold the antioxidant activities compared to free βC microcapsules cookies. These results suggest that βC microcapsules formed by complex coacervation of OVA/NaAlg can be added efficiently in the fortification of cookies.

Petroleum-based food packaging materials are non-degradable and considerably affect the environment. In this context, edible films and coatings for food preservation represent a feasible alternative that could potentially reduce conventional non-biodegradable materials. It has been shown the suitability of starch as a non-toxic, widely available, low-cost and adequate film-forming biopolymer. In addition, natural compounds contained in tropical fruits are of great interest due to their proven antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which are beneficial for the health of consumers and for obtaining more stable and safe foods. This review focuses on the new trends and benefits of incorporating tropical fruit extracts into starch-based edible films and coatings formulations as a source of bioactive compounds. The starch and fruit resources, extraction techniques, filmmaking methods, assays for determining functional properties and the potential uses of edible films and coatings in the food industry were stated and described.

Polysaccharides have been applied in food and biomedical applications. Bioactive dietary fiber sterculia gum (SG) has been used for treatment of diarrhea. Therefore, in present research, SG has been used for development of drug delivery (DD) system for controlled release of metronidazole to improve its pharmacotherapy for amoebic dysentery. Co-polymers were characterized by Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy,), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Haemolytic index values of grafted product was less than 5 percent and DPPH assay illustrated free radical scavenging of hydrogels and bigels 74.00 ± 0.003% and 47.00 ± 0.005% respectively. Mucoadhesion experiment demonstrated that both hydrogels and bigels exhibited adhesion with intestinal mucus membrane required 0.034 ± 0.004 and 0.037 ± 0.002 N detachment force during mucoadhesion test. Diffusion of metronidazole was slow in sustained manner with Fickian diffusion mechanism. Overall results revealed biocompatible, antioxidant, and mucoadhesive properties of sterculia gum based gels which may be useful for DD applications of gastrointestinal infections.

Fungi have a great ability and a wide variety of mechanisms to endure the toxicity of current antifungal agents. Researchers are working to find new therapeutic agents to combat the resistance ability of fungi. Almost all commercial antifungal agents have a wide variety of side effects on human health. This study aims to introduce tea tree oil nanoparticles as antifungal delivery termed TNSAD, which contains hybrid tea tree oil attached chitosan in a liposomal formulation, and assess its antifungal activity using in vitro and in vivo infection models. Tea tree oil was first coated by chitosan, then inserted inside liposomal bilayers, and finally functionalized by a layer of chitosan, forming the TNSAD. The antifungal activity was evaluated against four different invasive, opportunistic, and zoonotic fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum gypsum, and Fusarium oxysporum). The cytotoxicity of TNSAD was then tested against the HEp-2 cell line. Finally, the antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Microsporum gypsum was assessed in vivo in a rat model. The in vitro results confirm the potency of TNSAD against fungi and its safety at a concentration of ≤ 5 mg/ml. In vivo results revealed that fungal cells were destroyed within the tissue when used systematically. we have described here a natural remarkable design that represents a potential antifungal agent and provided evidence for its efficiency and safety, which makes it a promising antifungal agent for the treatment of systemic and topical fungal infections.