Food Hydrocolloids for Health最新文献

Objectives

Studies have revealed that consistency of liquid food changes with temperature. Yet, the exact relationship between temperature and consistency of food bolus is still not known. The present study examined the change in liquid consistency with temperature.

Methods

Water thickened at the four thickness levels (slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick, and extremely thick) using starch-based and xanthan-gum-based thickeners was studied. Consistency was measured using a Bostwick consistometer at different temperature points between 5 °C and 85 °C. Regression analyses were subsequently carried out.

Results

Results indicated definite but different relationships between temperature and consistency of thickened liquids prepared using starch- and gum-based thickeners. While there was a general trend of decreasing consistency in liquids prepared using gum-based thickener with temperature, a quadratic relationship between temperature and consistency was found for starch-based thickener. The consistency was generally the highest at very low and very high temperature, but the lowest at 65 °C.

Conclusion

Findings confirmed a definite effect of temperature on bolus consistency. When preparing thickened liquids for patients with dysphagia, caregivers and clinicians should take into consideration the effect of temperature, as it has a definite effect on liquid consistency.

The purpose of this research was to develop dragon fruit leather with different hydrocolloids. The prepared fruit puree formed with the incorporation of hydrocolloid was dried by conductive hydro drying at three different temperatures of water 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C to form fruit leather. The fruit leather was prepared without hydrocolloids and used three hydrocolloids such as gellan gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum. The specific energy consumption of formed leathers was lower than 2.097 kWh/g. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the four types of leather formed at a temperature of 90°C were found to be in the range of 4.087 - 5.028 mg GAE/g d.w, and 73.685 - 82.467% respectively. The textural properties like hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess were analyzed. The color parameters were also analyzed, and the change in color with respect to white tile was studied. The prepared four dragon fruit leather sensory analysis was conducted with 35 judges, and their preferences were recorded based on the linguistic variables color, aroma, texture, and taste. Based on the preferences of the judges, the fruit leather was ranked with the help of fuzzy logic analysis which suggested that the dragon fruit leather prepared with xanthan gum was preferred over the other three dragon fruit leather varieties. The selected quality attributes were also ranked, where taste is the most preferred attribute, followed by texture, aroma, and color of the fruit leather.

Telmisartan, a BCS class II antihypertensive, has low oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism and a poor solubility profile, causing dissolving problems. Telmisartan is a suitable choice for the Rapid Release Drug Delivery System since it needs rapid absorption for a quick beginning of the activity. The goal of this research was to create and describe a solid dispersion employing hydrocolloid incorporated mouth dissolving film of Telmisartan. To make a Mouth Dissolving Film, first, prepare a solid dispersion using the Kneading Method, then use the Solvent Casting Metrpose of screening Carrier for the further formulation, solid dispersion is assessed for solubility, drug content, and drug release rate. The in-vitro drug release investigation revealed that solid dispersion had better solubility and rapid drug release than pure drug. Physical appearance, surface PH, thickness uniformity, disintegration duration, drug content uniformity, folding durability, and in-vitro drug release were among the physicochemical and mechanical parameters assessed on the produced films. A 3²-level factorial design was used to improve the approach. The effects of film appearance, disintegrating time, and in-vitro drug release behavior on the composition of Film-forming polymer(hydrocolloids) and Super disintegration were investigated. The in-vitro drug release and disintegration time of the optimized batch were found to be 91.83 percent and 29 sec, respectively. These positive conclusions demonstrated that mouth dissolving film of Telmisartan can be formulated using HPMC E15 as a film-forming polymer and Sodium Starch Glycolate as a super disintegrant for improving bioavailability and therapeutic outcome.

Dietary fiber (DF) is an important health benefit component found mostly in fruit and vegetable products. The impacts of freeze and oven drying methods (WTC binder, Tuttlingen, Germany, 50 °C for 48 h) on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of mango fiber concentrates (MFCs) of four varieties such as Amrupali, Ashwina, Himsagor and Fazli were studied. In comparison with oven dried MFCs, the swelling, water and oil holding capacities of the freeze dried MFCs showed a significant value. Freeze dried Ashwina MFCs showed the highest (p<0.05) ascorbic acid content of 44.02 mg/100 g whereas, oven dried Fazli MFCs showed the lowest (p<0.05) ascorbic acid content of 9.11 mg/100 g compared to all MFCs. Freeze dried Ashwina also had the highest (p<0.05) DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of 40.83% among all MFCs. The significantly maximum total polyphenol contents of 22.77 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/100 g were observed in freeze dried Amrupali among all MFCs. Total soluble solid was significantly higher in freeze dried Amrupali (8.06%) than in freeze dried Ashwina MFCs (7.48%). As a result, freeze dried MFCs might be used as a multifunctional component in a variety of agricultural products as well as in the food industry.

Food-borne nanoparticles (FNs) may have potential for microelement delivery due to their good biocompatibility and healthy benefits. In this paper, hydrophilic FNs with ultra-small size of 1.7 nm were prepared from the water extract solution of Auricularia auricula by hydrothermal method. The structural characterization showed that Zn(II)-FNs were formed after the interaction of abundant functional groups like amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of FNs with Zn²⁺. The Zn(II)-FNs showed better cell compatibility than ZnSO₄ and zinc gluconate with no visible cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 75 μg/mL for the normal rat kidney cells. Less than 5% hemolysis rate was found when the concentration of Zn(II)-FNs was 5 mg/mL after incubation for 3h. The biodistribution experiments indicated that Zn(II)-FNs had no obvious toxic effect after being orally administrated at a dose of 500 mg/kg mouse body weight, and Zn(II)-FNs were present in the stomach, intestine, lung, liver, and kidney. Our data indicated that FNs collected from Auricularia auricula water extract solution might act as a safe and effective nanocarrier for Zn(II).

Commercial sugar beet pectin (SBP), 1.5% (w/v), was emulsified with three structurally different oils at 15% (w/v), aromatic limonene, aliphatic medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and aliphatic rice bran oil (RBO). Stability of RBO emulsified with four commercial pectins was determined. Emulsions had volume-based diameter, (D_4,3 values) ≤ 2 μm at day 0. Emulsions made with limonene showed the largest particle size increase from day 0 to day 1 (≤3.34 μm) and reached 10 μm by day 9. Emulsions made with MCT had similar (p>0.05) particle sizes between day 1 and day 30 (≤3.83 μm); emulsions made with RBO had similar (p>0.05) particle sizes throughout the entire study (≤3.77 μm). Light microscopy images reflected similar trends as particle size data. Emulsions prepared with RBO were fitted following the Power-Law model and displayed shear-thinning behavior with a flow behavior index of 0.940 or 0.894 at day 0 and 30, respectively. Emulsions prepared with four commercial pectins and RBO had similar particle size and light microscopy, but consistency index was higher and more shear thinning after 30 days in two pectins. Commercial beet pectins had similar protein content, degree of esterification, molecular weight and surface hydrophobicity. Galacturonic acid content and neutral sugar content varied between pectins. Particle size, light microscopy and rheological parameters show variability in SBP emulsion stability with aromatic and different aliphatic oils. For emulsions prepared with a single oil, RBO, emulsion stability varies between different lots of pectin that is not predicted by typical specifications of commercial SBP.

This work evaluates the effects of guava seed polysaccharide (GSPS) on inflammatory status in the experiment mice under PC-3 human prostate cancer stress for 4 weeks. Dietary control (DC group, 0 mg GSPS/kg BW/day), 50 (GL group), 250 (GM group) as well as 500 mg GSPS/kg BW/day (GH group) by gavage, positive control (PC group, 1 mg paclitaxel/week, i.p.) and non-treatment control (NTC group, normal mice without treatment) were designed in the experiment. Changes in tumor weights, serum non-specific antibody titers, Th1/Th2 cytokines secreted by splenocytes and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by peritoneal macrophages from the experiment mice were measured. As a result, GH group significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum (IgM+IgA)/IgG ratio, but GL and GM groups slightly increased (IgM+IgA)/IgG ratios compared to that of DC group, demonstrating a differential effect on the serum antibody profile. Even though GSPS administration just slightly (P > 0.05) enhanced the effect to decrease tumor weights, there was a significantly (P < 0.05) negative correlation between tumor weights and (IgM+IgA)/IgG antibody titer ratios. GSPS administrations enhanced a Th2-inclined immune balance in splenocytes and anti-inflammatory responses in peritoneal macrophages in the experiment mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions by peritoneal macrophages were positively correlated with PC-3 tumor weights in vivo, inferring that anti-inflammatory cytokine secretions increased in vivo may decrease PC-3 tumor weight. Taken together, our results evidence that GSPS administrations ameliorated the inflammatory status in the experiment mice under PC-3 prostate cancer stress via regulating Th1/Th2 and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles toward Th2-inclined and anti-inflammatory immunity.

Nanocellulose (NC) has the potential to be used as a dietary fiber supplementation in functional foods that can help to improve overall health. However, the effect of NC on macronutrients and the precise mechanisms still remain unclear. An in vitro digestion model was used to investigate the effect of NC on the digestion of proteins, lipids and starch. It was found that NC at low concentration (0.5 wt.%) has a significant inhibitory effect on starch digestion with the inhibition ratio of 14.3%, but no obvious effect on the digestion of lipids and protein. The delay of starch digestion was attributed to the interaction of NC with the pancreatic amylase through static quenching, examined by the fluorescence spectroscopy. NC exhibited a great adsorption capacity on α-amylase with the enzyme activity inhibition ratio of 14.6%, and the number of NC binding sites on α-amylase was 1-2. This study indicate dietary fibers like NC could delay starch digestion and be used in functional foods to help people with obesity and other specialized needs.

Lipid and protein-based delivery systems have long been used to deliver active compounds such as drugs, genes, and nutraceuticals. These delivery systems are fabricated to overcome issues of pure active compounds, which include rapid release and metabolism, poor solubility, low stability, poor bioavailability, poor bioaccessibility, and toxicity. However, there are limitations of lipids and proteins that restrict their efficient use in the delivery systems. Lipid-protein conjugation is an emerging technique for fabricating novel delivery systems that provide the advantages of having both proteins and lipids in one delivery system. In addition, these conjugates have a much better synergistic effect and desirable properties inside the body than single carriers. Among them, colloidal and biological stability, enhanced mechanical strength, controlled release, higher circulation time, targeted delivery, less cytotoxicity, higher loading capacity, co-encapsulation, and enhanced bioavailability are key outcomes. Despite recent technological advancement, there are still drawbacks to lipid-protein conjugate-based delivery systems that should be addressed in future research studies. This review is focused on critically evaluating the importance of lipid and protein as delivery systems, benefits of lipid-protein conjugation, conjugation methods, various applications of lipid-protein conjugation in drugs, genes, and nutraceutical delivery, and identifying research challenges and future research directions.

In this study, the physicochemical, rheological, and functional properties of colloidal chitin prepared from commercial shrimp shell α-chitin by acid hydrolysis at ambient temperature for various treatment durations were investigated. With increasing treatment duration, the functional properties viz solubility, water and fat binding capacity, and emulsion capacity increased significantly (p<0.05). Color of colloidal chitin had higher lightness values and whiteness index than commercial chitin (p<0.05), but were non-significant (p>0.05) among treatment durations. The degree of deacetylation decreased as treatment duration increased (p<0.05). The Carr index and Housner ratio showed that colloidal chitin powders had poor flowability. The colloidal chitin suspensions had rheothinning tendency, i.e., viscosities of the suspensions decreased with an increase in shear rate. These results suggest that colloidal chitin obtained in this study has better functional properties with enhanced whiteness index than commercial chitin, making it suitable for application as a functional ingredient in the food industry.