Food Hydrocolloids for Health最新文献

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a vital nutrient to maintain critical physiological functions but is very sensitive to processing and storage. This can be overcome by using gel-based systems for controlled release of AA. This study compares various gel-based formulations such as hydrogel, emulsion gel, bigel (25 %, 50 %, and 75 % oleogel), and emulsions for thermal stability and delivery of AA, rheological and textural profile, encapsulation efficiency (>97 %), in vitro gastrointestinal release profile, and the corresponding antioxidant profile. An increase in the oleogel content increased the hardness (125 – 216 g) and viscoelastic properties (G′ and G′′) but decreased (76.16 – 25.86 %) the swelling ratio of the bigel. A spontaneous release of AA was witnessed during gastric digestion from emulsion gels (95 %), hydrogels (98 %) and emulsions, whereas a gradual and controlled gastric release of AA could be achieved by bigels. However, a sudden decrease in AA (70 – 80 % reduction) and a spike in dehydroascorbic acid (DHA, oxidized AA) could be observed during intestinal digestion. The bioaccessibility was highest for emulsion gel and bigel (87 %) and lowest for emulsions (70 %). Bigels with higher oleogel content also showed better thermal stability but their physical stability was compromised at higher temperature. The DPPH and ABTS activity was proportional to AA, while FRAP was impacted by both DHA and AA. Thus bigels could be utilised for controlled gastric release of AA with better thermal stability.

Oat β-glucan is a prebiotic that affects intestinal microbiota and maintains energy homeostasis. Oat β-glucan helps treat diarrhea and other associated disorders, because it can regulate intestinal microbiota. We investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of oat β-glucan combined with montmorillonite powder on diarrhea induced by Senna leaf extract in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with the diarrhea-induced model group (DM), the combined treatment, especially in the group treated with a medium dose of Montmorillonite powder plus oat β-glucan (M+G2), effectively reduced the diarrhea (P < 0.05) and inflammation indices, alleviated damage to the colon, and promoted weight gain in rats. In the combined treatment group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased at the phylum level, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. At the genus level, the Lactobacillus content recovered, and the proportion of conditional pathogens, such as Prevotella and Paraprevotella decreased. M+G2 treatment significantly reduced diarrhea in young rats, restored intestinal microbiota diversity, and promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Based on metabolomics, the mechanism of the anti-diarrheal effect of M+G2 treatment may be related to the regulation of glucose and amino acid metabolism. The metabolic micro-environment was improved through the pentose phosphate and vitamin B6 pathways. The core metabolic regulator in metabolic network analysis was L-aspartic acid. Overall, our findings suggest that the combined treatment of oat β-glucan and montmorillonite powder may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for treating diarrhea and associated disorders by regulating the inflammatory biomarkers, SCFAs, and intestinal microbiota.

Keeping in view the progressive future prospectus of carbohydrate research, herein, the potential of bioactive polysaccharides aloe vera (AV) and sterculia gum (SG) was explored to develop network hydrogel wound dressings. Both polysaccharides, acemannan of AV gel and glucuronic-galacturonic acid of SG accelerate wound healing process. The antibiotic drug cefuroxime encapsulated dressings were designed by graft-copolymerization with carbopol. The copolymers were characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, C¹³ NMR, XRD, TGA-DTG, DSC and swelling studies. The slow diffusion of cefuroxime drug exhibited non-Fickian mechanism and release of drug was occurred with a first order kinetic model. Polymer-bio membrane interactions indicated mucoadhesion nature. The clot formation was reduced during polymer-blood interactions indicated bio-compatible nature of the dressings moreover dressings were found antioxidant in nature. The porous dressings were O₂ permeable and microbial impermeable. The hydrogel dressings revealed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Degree of antimicrobial activity enhanced in case of hydrogel wound dressings loaded with cefuroxime. Overall, the results of these biochemical assays, sustained release of antibiotic drug and inherent wound healing potential of AV-SG indicated the use of hydrogels as dressing materials for better wound healing.

Modifying the complex wall structure of bee pollen is a way to enhance the uptake of bioactive compounds. Bee Pollen and Bee Honey hybrid formulation (BPHF) are made by hot melt extrusion (HME), which is known to be the best cell wall structure-breaking method for active compound extraction because it can break the fibrous matrix of the compounds. Honey and bee pollen mixtures showed increased antioxidant activity with increased phenolic and flavonoid contents and decreased inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) values compared to the control group. In addition, the content of gallic acid, one of the phenolic acids, increased about four times in the HME-F3 formulation compared to the control group, indicating that the phenol content was rich, but the HME-F3 formulation decreased in comparison. All samples had nano-sized particles. The Polydispersity index (PDI) value of the HME-F3 formulation was reduced and well distributed, and the stability of the particles was confirmed in the zeta potential results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the image change of the sample after HME compared to the existing bee pollen image, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the particles of the mixed formulation were uniformly dispersed. Fourier-transform Infrared Analysis (FT-IR) results showed that there were structural changes in the mixture formulation compared to the control, and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) results showed that all samples were amorphous. It was found that the HME-F3 formulation could resist inflammation and protect the function of the intestinal epithelial wall. The mRNA levels of TJ-related proteins in the mixed formulation were reduced compared to LPS treatment and control.

The objective of this research was to explore the functional qualities of two EPSs produced by recently discovered LAB (Lactobacillus delbrueckii (EPS-LB3) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (EPS-MLB3)) that have potential probiotic benefits. The study involved evaluating their biological characteristics, such as their antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative activities at various concentrations, as well as investigating their effects on the gut microbiome through in vitro fecal fermentation. Moreover, the study analyzed the rheological properties of the EPSs in fermented bovine milk. The average molecular weights of the extracted EPS were 3762.43 kDa and 1272.19 kDa with monosaccharide compositions of Glu:Rib:Man:Xyl (1.0:16.4:6.6:6.5) and Rib:Man:Xyl:GA:Ara (7.1:1.6:4.8:1.0:9.0) for EPS-LB3 and EPS-MLB3, respectively. EPS-LB3 and EPS-MLB3 at 250 mg/L showed scavenging rates of 34.0 ± 1.7 % and 37.5 ± 1.1 % for DPPH, 47.3 ± 0.8 % and 56.6 ± 0.7 % for ABTS, 38.3 ± 0.5 % and 43.5 ± 0.6 % for SD, 53.9 ± 0.1 % and 54.7 ± 0.1 % for SAS, 10.6 ± 0.1 % and 10.7 ± 0.2 % for HP, 88.8 ± 0.1 % and 84.8 ± 0.5 % for HRS, 80.0 ± 1.4 % and 84.5 ± 0.8 % for MC, as well as 60.6 ± 1.7 % and 58.1 ± 0.9 % for Lipid Oxidation, respectively, suggesting good antioxidant properties. They also exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects against several foodborne pathogens, and antiproliferative activities against cancer cell lines. Additionally, the utilization of EPS by several probiotics indicated the prebiotic nature of EPS. The effect of both EPS on gut microbiome by fecal fermentation revealed that these EPS promoted selective bacteria like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii in the gut, which are responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production.

Novel visual intelligent pH-indicator film was prepared from the eggshell membrane- gelatin, pectin, and anthocyanin pigment from butterfly pea flower (BP) (Clitoria ternatea). It was used as a real-time pH indicator for predicting food freshness. Eggshells are useful biowaste, gelatin has been extracted from the eggshell membrane and was used for fabricating the film. The Anthocyanin content of BP extract was 198.3 mg g⁻¹. The film's surface morphology and chemical nature were estimated using a Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. The film was pH responsive and exhibited color variation ranging from shades of red, purple, blue, green, and yellow at different pH (1-13). The applicability of the developed pH- indicator film was studied on fresh Tilapia fish by monitoring its deterioration for a specific time period. The film showed a visible color change after seven days of storage at 4ºC from dark blue, bluish-grey to olive, and deep green. Change in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content and pH change had an effect on the color response of the film. The findings demonstrated that the fabricated pH indicator film proved to be pH sensitive and could be used to monitor fish freshness.

A “clean-label” gluten-free bread (GFB) was developed by replacing the commonly used hydrocolloid additive, methylcellulose, with an aqueous flaxseed slurry (FSS), known for its structure-forming properties, at 3 or 4.5 % levels into GFB formulations; for further nutritional improvement of GFB, the inclusion of 5 or 10 % roasted-sprouted lentil flour (SLF) was also investigated. FSS and SLF addition increased hardness, consistency, storage and loss moduli, and viscosity of the composite batters. The specific volumes of fortified breads were reduced, compared to control bread containing methylcellulose; however, they were greatly improved compared to bread made without any added hydrocolloid. Fresh breads containing solely FSS (3, 4.5 %) and that made with 3 % FSS-5 % SLF exhibited crumb textural characteristics similar to the control; the 3 % FSS-5 % SLF fortified sample showed similar textural changes upon storage (48 h, 25 °C) and slightly lower amylopectin retrogradation, compared to control bread. Further to increasing the contents of protein and total dietary fiber, FSS incorporation into GFB decreased the glucose release upon in vitro starch digestion, whereas inclusion of both FSS and SLF weakened this effect. Moreover, the “nutty” and “roasted legume” flavor-aroma notes, introduced by FSS and SLF, reduced the typical flat “rice” flavor-aroma of GFB, thus contributing to the higher overall consumer acceptability scores received for breads containing solely FSS as well as those fortified with 3 %FSS-5 % SLF. Overall, both FSS and SLF appear to be promising functional ingredients for production of “clean-label” GFB, having higher contents of macronutrients, improved sensorial characteristics, and acceptable textural attributes.

Cancer cell resistance towards drugs leads to limited drug efficacy and therefore, combination therapy of drugs has emerged as a solution. In addition to this, the importance of a carrier system for the co-delivery of drugs to improve the potential of anti-cancer drug efficacy cannot be overlooked. Nowadays, polymer-rich dense phases of liquid droplets, known as coacervates, have emerged as an appealing option to be utilised as drug carriers. Our previous study which reported the complexation between zein and laponite to form coacervates and their future prospect as dual drug carriers has been extended in this work. The present work has validated the usefulness of the synthesized coacervate as a dual-drug carrier for a hydrophilic drug (cisplatin) and a hydrophobic drug (curcumin) towards a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). The MTT assay and flow cytometry data for MDA-MB-231 cells suggested that the coacervate carrying dual drugs effectively transported anticancer drugs to the cancer cells, thereby arresting their cell cycle in the S phase (by neutral coacervates, X₁) and in the G₂/M phase (by charged coacervates, X₂). Further, it is also revealed that the amount of cisplatin needed to achieve half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was reduced by a maximum of 70% when flavonoid (curcumin) was used in combination with cisplatin due to synergistic effect.

Oxidative stress is widely acknowledged as a key contributor to a wide range of human illness. Although certain aspects of signaling pathways are being studied, comprehensive metabolic pathways for illness have been identified. Antioxidant treatment may have a significant potential to treat different kinds of illnesses. Fruit polysaccharides include potential antioxidant components for human wellbeing that have a long tradition in alternative as well as complementary medicines. These are widely accessible from the plant resources and have no adverse effects when consumed. The result of recent researches has already been shown that different fruit polysaccharides possess important biological features, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and an increase of cell proliferation, immunological modulation, anticancer activity and so on. In the current paper, extraction methodologies of various polysaccharides from fruits, purification of the extracted fruit polysaccharides and their potential antioxidant activities have been reviewed in depth. In conclusion, the current review reveals that these bioactive fruit polysaccharides may have potential in medicinal and industrial applications.