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Modified citrus pectin confers a preventative effect on cancer-related pathways in CdCl2-treated C. elegans 修饰柑橘果胶对cdcl2处理的秀丽隐杆线虫的癌症相关通路具有预防作用
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100161
Denia Cai Shi , Arland T. Hotchkiss Jr , Michael A. Lawton , Rong Di

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a toxic compound found as a pollutant in the environment due to agricultural and industrial sources. Exposure to Cd2+ is known to promote malignant tumors such as lung cancer and leukemia. While the current medications for cadmium toxicity focus on treatments to promote the excretion from the body, treatments to improve health after cadmium exposure are less well studied. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a polysaccharide derived from citrus peels that has been shown to induce natural killer cell activity in myeloid leukemia cells and also act as a natural chelation agent to help excrete toxic metals from healthy human subjects. We hypothesized that MCP might have a counteracting effect against CdCl2 toxicity through cancer-related pathways. This study investigates the effects of MCP on CdCl2 toxicity in C. elegans, which shares a number of cancer-related pathways with mammals. The results indicated that MCP was able to significantly counter the toxic effects of CdCl2 on C. elegans lifespan and development. Our studies suggest that the beneficial effects of MCP may result from its ability to mitigate the effects of CdCl2 on gene expression, particularly in conserved pathways associated with apoptosis, tumor induction and suppression and inflammation-related pathways.

氯化镉(CdCl2)是一种有毒化合物,因农业和工业来源而在环境中被发现为污染物。已知暴露于Cd2+会促进恶性肿瘤,如肺癌和白血病。虽然目前治疗镉毒性的药物侧重于促进身体排泄的治疗方法,但对镉暴露后改善健康的治疗方法研究较少。改性柑橘果胶(MCP)是一种从柑橘皮中提取的多糖,已被证明可诱导髓系白血病细胞的自然杀伤细胞活性,也可作为天然螯合剂帮助健康人体排出有毒金属。我们假设MCP可能通过癌症相关途径对抗CdCl2的毒性。本研究调查了MCP对秀丽隐杆线虫CdCl2毒性的影响,秀丽隐杆虫与哺乳动物有许多癌症相关途径。结果表明,MCP能够显著对抗CdCl2对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命和发育的毒性作用。我们的研究表明,MCP的有益作用可能是由于其能够减轻CdCl2对基因表达的影响,特别是在与细胞凋亡、肿瘤诱导和抑制以及炎症相关的保守途径中。
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引用次数: 0
Mycotoxin reduction and metabolite profiles of ogi produced using traditional fermentation methods 用传统发酵方法生产的ogi的霉菌毒素还原和代谢物谱
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100160
Julianah Olayemi Odukoya , Sarah De Saeger , Marthe De Boevre , Gabriel Olaniran Adegoke , Frank Devlieghere , Siska Croubels , Gunther Antonissen , Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo , Sefater Gbashi , Johnson Oluwaseun Odukoya , Patrick Berka Njobeh

Mycotoxins are widely present in maize, a favourite staple food in sub-Saharan Africa. Food processing methods, like fermentation, have been suggested as potential ways to reduce mycotoxin contamination levels in the grain and, as a result, limit the exposure of crop consumers to the harmful effects of the toxins. The influence of four traditional fermentation processes [cold (with changed steeping liquor (CSL) and unchanged steeping liquor (USL), Fon and Goun procedures] on the mycotoxin reduction and metabolites profile of ogi, a fermented maize product, was studied. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography linked to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HR-TOF-MS) were respectively employed for the mycotoxin and metabolite profiles analyses of the samples. Among the nine mycotoxins detected in the raw maize samples, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) + fumonisin B2 (FB2) concentrations were found to exceed the European Union (EU) maximum limit. Both cold (containing USL and CSL) and Goun fermentation techniques were able to lower the AFB1 concentration below this threshold. The metabolomics result revealed that ogi produced using the cold (USL) and Fon fermentation processes had the highest number of most of the detected important compounds, whereas the Goun fermentation process produced the fewest compounds in total. There was no statistically significant difference in the ability of the specified natural fermentation processes to lower FB1, FB2, FB3, deoxynivalenol (DON), sterigmatocystin (STERIG), and zearalenone concentrations in maize (ZEN). In addition, the results demonstrated that the four natural fermentation processes evaluated had varying effects.

真菌毒素广泛存在于玉米中,玉米是撒哈拉以南非洲最受欢迎的主食。发酵等食品加工方法被认为是降低粮食中真菌毒素污染水平的潜在方法,从而限制作物消费者接触毒素的有害影响。研究了四种传统发酵工艺[冷(换浸泡液(CSL)和不变浸泡液(USL)、Fon和Goun程序]对发酵玉米制品ogi真菌毒素还原和代谢产物的影响。分别采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)和气相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱法(GC-HR-TOF-MS)对样品进行真菌毒素和代谢物图谱分析。在生玉米样品中检测到的9种真菌毒素中,黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和伏马毒素B1(FB1)+伏马毒素B2(FB2)的浓度超过了欧盟(EU)的最高限值。冷(含有USL和CSL)和Goun发酵技术都能够将AFB1浓度降低到该阈值以下。代谢组学结果显示,使用冷(USL)和Fon发酵过程生产的ogi具有最高数量的大多数检测到的重要化合物,而Goun发酵过程总共生产的化合物最少。特定的自然发酵工艺降低玉米(ZEN)中FB1、FB2、FB3、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、花曲霉毒素(STERIG)和玉米赤霉烯酮浓度的能力没有统计学上的显著差异。此外,结果表明,评估的四种自然发酵工艺具有不同的效果。
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引用次数: 2
Exopolysaccharides in immunomodulation of ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in an animal model 溃疡性结肠炎免疫调节中的外多糖:动物模型随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100158
Leandro Paes de Brito , Elaine Cristina da Silva , Paulo Henrique Silva , Lucas de Barros Rodrigues de Freitas , Lorenzo Pastrana , Maria Taciana Cavalcanti Vieira Soares , Ana Lucia Figueiredo Porto

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are produced by microorganisms and can serve as crucial immunomodulatory agents. However, their effectiveness in regulating inflammatory cytokines and inducing remission of ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and non-specific inflammatory ailment that affects around 5 million adults worldwide, remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a thorough analysis and evaluation of the effects of exopolysaccharides on the immune system in animals with ulcerative colitis in randomized preclinical trials. The literature was performed according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348361) and PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, LiLacs, ScieLo, Cochrane and TripDatabase databases were reviewed for randomized preclinical studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined between January 2013 and July 2022. Methodological quality was assessed by SYRCLE “Risk of Bias” (RoB) and meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 software using a random effects model. A total of six studies met the inclusion criteria and were at low risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that EPS significantly decreased both pro-inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (SMD= -375.31, 95% CI (-628.23–122.39), p= 0.004); Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (SMD= -144.19, 95% CI (-261–26.54) p= 0.02); Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD= -481.78, CI 95% (-771.00–192.56) p=0.001), how to recover colon length (SMD: 9.24, CI 95 % (4.38 - 14.09), p = 0.0002) and disease activity index (DAI) (SMD: -13.29, 95% CI(-19.04–7.55), p=0.00001), while they showed no effects against the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 (SDM: 683.59, 95% CI (-86.41-1453.60, p = 0.08) and IL-4 (SMD: 16.05, CI 95% (-52.27-84.37), p=0.65). The meta-analysis results indicated that EPS could be an alternative or adjuvant treatment for UC, mainly regulating of pro-inflammatory agents. However, studies of intracellular signaling are needed to offer more elucidative evidence.

胞外多糖是由微生物产生的,可作为重要的免疫调节剂。然而,它们在调节炎症细胞因子和诱导溃疡性结肠炎(UC)缓解方面的有效性在很大程度上仍然未知。溃疡性结肠炎是一种影响全球约500万成年人的慢性非特异性炎症疾病。本研究的目的是在随机临床前试验中彻底分析和评估胞外多糖对溃疡性结肠炎动物免疫系统的影响。根据PROSPERO(CRD42022348361)和PRISMA指南中注册的方案进行文献研究。PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、Web of Science、LiLacs、ScieLo、Cochrane和TripDatabase数据库对2013年1月至2022年7月期间符合纳入和排除标准的随机临床前研究进行了审查。方法学质量通过SYRCLE“偏倚风险”(RoB)进行评估,并使用Review Manager 5.3软件使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。共有6项研究符合纳入标准,且偏倚风险较低。荟萃分析显示,EPS显著降低了两种促炎细胞因子:肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)(SMD=-375.31,95%CI(-628.23–122.39),p=0.004);干扰素-γ(SMD=-144.19,95%置信区间(-261-26.54)p=0.02);白细胞介素-6(IL-6)(SMD=-481.78,置信区间95%(-771.00–192.56)p=0.001)、如何恢复结肠长度(SMD:9.24,置信区间95%(4.38–14.09),p=0.0002)和疾病活动指数(DAI)(SMD:-13.29,95%置信区间(-19.04–7.55),p=0.0001),而它们对抗炎细胞因子IL-10(SDM:683.59,95%可信区间(-86.41-1453.60,p=0.008)和IL-4(SMD:16.05,置信区间95%(-52.27-84.37)没有作用,p=0.65)。荟萃分析结果表明,EPS可能是UC的替代或辅助治疗,主要调节促炎剂。然而,需要对细胞内信号传导进行研究,以提供更多的阐明证据。
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引用次数: 1
Encapsulation of phenolic-rich lemon-scented tea tree extract in lemon pomace powder 富含酚的柠檬香茶树提取物在柠檬渣粉中的包封
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100157
Md Saifullah, Rebecca McCullum, Taiwo Olusesan Akanbi, Quan Van Vuong

The Australian native plant, lemon-scented tea tree (LSTT) is rich in polyphenols with strong antioxidant activities. Encapsulation enhances the potential applications of plant extracts and additionally protects them from degradation. The encapsulating agent is one of the key elements in the encapsulation process. In this study, lemon pomace powder (LPP) was investigated as a new carrier agent for LSTT leaf phenolic extract, and its performance was compared with the commonly used polysaccharide (i.e., maltodextrin (MD)) and protein-based (i.e., soy protein isolate (SPI)) coating materials. The encapsulation efficiency, colour, polyphenol and antioxidant property retention, particle morphology, crystallinity, flow properties, and release behaviour in food simulants and gastrointestinal fluid were studied to compare the performance of the carrier agents individually and in combinations. The encapsulation efficiency of lemon pomace powder (LPP) was above 95 % and the order for the retention of polyphenol and antioxidant capacities were MD>LPP>SPI. LPP offers better flow properties and unique particle morphology, which was also amorphous in nature with some degree of crystallinity. The release profile in the food simulants showed a controlled and sustained release rate over the tested period, which was comparable with MD and SPI. In gastrointestinal fluids, the percent release followed the order of SPI>LPP>MD for the carrier agents. The incorporation of LPP with MD and SPI can improve several properties of the individual carrier agents. Thus, LPP can be used as a potential carrier agent for polyphenols in functional food formulation either on its own or in combination with other coating materials.

澳大利亚本土植物柠檬花茶富含多酚,具有很强的抗氧化活性。封装增强了植物提取物的潜在应用,并额外保护它们免受降解。封装剂是封装过程中的关键元件之一。本研究将柠檬渣粉(LPP)作为LSTT叶酚提取物的新载体,并与常用的多糖(即麦芽糊精(MD))和蛋白质基(即大豆分离蛋白(SPI))涂层材料进行了性能比较。研究了食品模拟物和胃肠液中的包封效率、颜色、多酚和抗氧化性能保留率、颗粒形态、结晶度、流动性能和释放行为,以比较单独和组合载体剂的性能。柠檬渣粉(LPP)的包封率在95%以上,多酚和抗氧化能力的保留顺序为MD>;LPP>;SPI。LPP提供了更好的流动性能和独特的颗粒形态,其本质上也是无定形的,具有一定程度的结晶度。在测试期间,食品模拟物中的释放曲线显示出可控和持续的释放速率,与MD和SPI相当。在胃肠液中,释放百分比遵循SPI>;LPP>;承运人代理的MD。LPP与MD和SPI的结合可以改善单个载体剂的几种性能。因此,LPP可以单独或与其他涂层材料组合用作功能性食品配方中多酚的潜在载体。
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引用次数: 0
Gellan gum and sodium alginate in-situ gel of monocaprin for effective corneal permeation 结冷胶和海藻酸钠原位凝胶对单紫杉醇的有效角膜渗透
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100156
Sumon Giri , Tanmay S Markandeywar , Zainab Irfan , Sreejan Manna

Babies born to mothers suffering from gonorrhea may experience severe eye infections that might culminate in loss of vision. The eyes of the neonate can are infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, during birth. The primary goal of the study was to develop a stable aqueous ion-activated polymeric solution with clinically useful amounts of fatty acid-based monocaprin and a polymeric mixture of two commonly employed edible polysaccharide, sodium alginate and gellan gum. Monocaprin is an antibacterial agent against the treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, which was successfully formulated as an ion-activated in-situ gel-forming ophthalmic solution. The absence of drug-polymer interaction was confirmed from the FTIR study. The gelling capacity confirmed pH dependent (pH 7.2–7.4) sol-to-gel transition at 37°C±0.5°C. Formulation C4 was selected as the best formulation because it exhibited clear appearance, pH, good gelling capacity, optimum viscosity, 96.4% in-vitro drug release up to 11h. Formulation C4 also exhibited 96.6% drug release after 12h using goat cornea. The study results demonstrated remarkable enhancement in corneal permeation of in-situ gel in contrast to conventional eye drops. Sterility results showed no evidence of bacterial growth after 14 days in different media. The developed monocaprin incorporated sodium alginate and gellan gum based in situ gel formulation showed promising results with increased ocular residence and enhanced corneal permeability.

患有淋病的母亲所生的婴儿可能会经历严重的眼部感染,最终可能导致视力丧失。新生儿的眼睛在出生时可能感染淋病奈瑟菌。该研究的主要目标是开发一种稳定的离子活化聚合物水溶液,其中含有临床上有用量的基于脂肪酸的单核霉素和两种常用食用多糖(藻酸钠和结冷胶)的聚合物混合物。Monocaprin是一种治疗新生儿淋球菌性眼炎的抗菌剂,已成功配制成离子活化原位凝胶眼用溶液。FTIR研究证实了不存在药物-聚合物相互作用。胶凝能力证实了在37°C±0.5°C时pH依赖性(pH 7.2–7.4)的溶胶-凝胶转变。配方C4被选为最佳配方,因为它表现出清晰的外观、pH、良好的胶凝能力、最佳粘度、96.4%的体外药物释放长达11小时。配方C4在使用山羊角膜12小时后也表现出96.6%的药物释放。研究结果表明,与传统滴眼液相比,原位凝胶的角膜渗透性显著增强。无菌结果显示在不同培养基中14天后没有细菌生长的迹象。所开发的含有海藻酸钠和结兰胶的莫卡必林原位凝胶制剂显示出良好的效果,增加了眼睛停留时间,增强了角膜通透性。
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引用次数: 0
Hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effect of lactic acid fermented Indian Gooseberry-Amla beverage on chronic alcohol-induced liver damage and diabetes in rats 乳酸发酵印度鹅膏饮料对大鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤和糖尿病的护肝降血糖作用
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100155
Ritika Modi , ParamPal Sahota , Nitin Dev Singh , Mayank Garg

Background

Plant-based fermented foods rich in lactic acid bacterial metabolites, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, can promote recovery from ethanol-induced liver damage by restoring liver antioxidant levels and suppressing liver inflammation, and improving certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.

Methods

In the present study, the protective effects of nutraceutical-enriched lactic acid-fermented Amla beverage on chronic alcohol-induced biochemical modulations and diabetes in Wistar rats were investigated.

Results

The hepatoprotective studies showed that the fermented beverage was able to reverse the damage caused to the liver with ethanol administration in terms of liver index, liver enzymes (AST, ALT), serum enzymes (g-GT), and serum TG, TCH, hepatic TG, LPO levels, antioxidants (GSH, TSOD, CAT, GSH-Px). Along similar lines, in the hypoglycemic studies, the fermented beverage evidently improved body weight, and fasting blood glucose levels, reducing fasting HbAlc levels, improving C-peptide and GLP-1 levels, and alleviating renal dysfunction and lipid metabolism compared with diabetic rats. All these outcomes were supported by histological observations within the liver and pancreas.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that the consumption of fermented Amla beverage may have a protective effect against chronic alcohol-induced toxicity and diabetes. The effects of fermented Amla beverage may be attributed to antioxidant activity, flavonoids, bioactive compounds produced by LAB and their metabolites, which help to counteract free radicals induced by ethanol and in reducing glucagon levels, enhancing glucose utilization, leading to a decrease in blood glucose. The results show that fermented Amla beverage has positive effects in reducing the detrimental effect of alcohol and diabetes.

富含乳酸菌代谢物、抗氧化剂和植物化学物质的植物性发酵食品可以通过恢复肝脏抗氧化水平、抑制肝脏炎症和改善某些代谢紊乱(如糖尿病)来促进乙醇诱导的肝损伤的恢复。方法研究富营养品乳酸发酵Amla饮料对Wistar大鼠慢性酒精性生化调节和糖尿病的保护作用。结果从肝脏指数、肝酶(AST、ALT)、血清酶(g-GT)、血清TG、TCH、肝脏TG、LPO水平、抗氧化剂(GSH、TSOD、CAT、GSH- px)等方面对乙醇给药的肝脏损伤有明显的逆转作用。同样,在降糖研究中,与糖尿病大鼠相比,发酵饮料明显改善了体重,改善了空腹血糖水平,降低了空腹HbAlc水平,改善了c肽和GLP-1水平,减轻了肾功能和脂质代谢。所有这些结果都得到了肝脏和胰腺组织学观察的支持。结论饮用发酵Amla饮料可能对慢性酒精中毒和糖尿病有保护作用。发酵Amla饮料的作用可能是由于其抗氧化活性、类黄酮及其代谢产物产生的生物活性化合物,有助于抵消乙醇诱导的自由基,降低胰高血糖素水平,提高葡萄糖的利用率,从而降低血糖。结果表明,发酵后的Amla饮料对降低酒精和糖尿病的有害影响具有积极的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dual and triple encapsulated iron gluconate speed up anemia recovery in an animal model 双包封和三包封葡萄糖酸铁在动物模型中加速贫血恢复
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100154
Alberto Baldelli, Yigong Guo, Anubhav Pratap-Singh

Food fortification can be a solution to anemia in developing countries. A previous study determined that the combination of spray drying, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose as wall material, and maltodextrin as bulk material, encapsulated iron gluconate achieved the highest bioavailability. However, the addition of vitamin B12 to the hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose/maltodextrin capsules increased the iron cell uptake over the previously reported results. The cell viability, the number of live, healthy cells in a sample, of HepG2, human liver cancer cells, increases by about 17% for dual-encapsulated iron gluconate and vitamin b12. The cell uptake in Caco2, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, is higher by 25% when using encapsulated iron and vitamin b12 compared to encapsulated iron. The strength of dual-encapsulated iron and vitamin b12 is also confirmed in in-vivo studies. Once fully anemic, young female rats eating food with encapsulated iron gluconate and vitamin b12, show the fastest recovery with respect to rats eating food with encapsulated iron and pure iron. The first needed only five days for their hemoglobulin values to return to normal. The second and the third needed 15 and 21 days, respectively.

食品强化可以解决发展中国家的贫血问题。先前的研究确定,喷雾干燥,羟丙基甲基纤维素作为壁材,麦芽糊精作为散装材料,包封葡萄糖酸铁的生物利用度最高。然而,在羟丙基甲基纤维素/麦芽糊精胶囊中添加维生素B12比先前报道的结果增加了铁细胞的摄取。双包被葡萄糖酸铁和维生素b12的人肝癌细胞HepG2的细胞活力,即样本中活的健康细胞的数量,增加了约17%。当使用铁和维生素b12胶囊时,人类结直肠癌细胞对Caco2的摄取比使用铁胶囊时高25%。铁和维生素b12双胶囊的强度也在体内研究中得到证实。一旦完全贫血,年轻的雌性大鼠吃含有葡萄糖酸铁和维生素b12的食物,比吃含有铁和纯铁的食物恢复得最快。第一组只需要5天他们的血红蛋白值就恢复正常。第二阶段和第三阶段分别需要15天和21天。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on functional, nutritional, and structural characteristics of egg-white protein hydrolysates 水力空化对蛋清蛋白水解物功能、营养和结构特性的影响
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100153
Niveditha Asaithambi, Poonam Singha, Sushil Kumar Singh

The present work demonstrates the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) (2 mm Orifice plate) as a pretreatment for egg white protein hydrolysates (EWPH) production. The obtained EWPH was evaluated for various physiochemical (degree of hydrolysis), functional (emulsifying, foaming), structural and nutritional properties (antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility). The egg white solutions (5% solid content) were pretreated for 10, 15 and 20 min with HC and later hydrolyzed using papain enzyme for 90 min. The structural analysis revealed that HC unfolded the protein structure which was confirmed through the formation of β-sheet (from 15 to 46%) and loss of α-helix (34 to 14%) content with increasing treatment time. Through the exposure of hydrophobic bonds, the degree of hydrolysis and surface hydrophobicity increased, which eventually improved the nutritional and functional properties of EWPH. The HC-15 min treated samples had the highest zeta potential (-25.4 mV) with the lowest average particle size (346.5 nm) and denaturation temperature (70.67°C). Further increase in treatment time led to instability of hydrolysates. HC effectively improved the functional and nutritional properties of EWPH and a treatment time of 15 min is recommended for obtaining EWPH with improved properties.

本研究证明了水动力空化(HC) (2mm孔板)作为蛋白水解物(EWPH)生产的预处理效果。对所得EWPH进行了各种理化(水解程度)、功能(乳化、发泡)、结构和营养特性(抗氧化活性和体外消化率)的评价。将固含量为5%的蛋清溶液分别用HC预处理10、15和20 min,然后用木瓜蛋白酶水解90 min。结构分析表明,随着处理时间的增加,HC使蛋白结构展开,通过β-片的形成(从15%到46%)和α-螺旋含量的损失(从34%到14%)证实了这一点。通过疏水键的暴露,提高了水解程度和表面疏水性,最终改善了EWPH的营养和功能性能。HC-15 min处理的样品zeta电位最高(-25.4 mV),平均粒径最小(346.5 nm),变性温度最低(70.67℃)。进一步增加处理时间导致水解产物不稳定。HC有效地改善了EWPH的功能和营养特性,建议处理时间为15 min,以获得性能改善的EWPH。
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引用次数: 0
Cooking, sensory and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of rice as affected by rice-water ratio and karaya gum concentration 米水比和卡拉亚胶浓度对稻米蒸煮、感官和体外消化率的影响
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100152
Nafiya Qadir, Idrees Ahmed Wani

Cooked rice has high starch digestibility. Prolonged and excess consumption of polished rice has been associated with the incidence of diabetes amongst rice eating populations. Therefore, researchers are working on extensively to devise strategies that could retard digestion of cooked rice. Keeping this fact into consideration, four rice cultivars (SR-4, K-39, Mushq Budij and Zhag) grown in Kashmir were milled and cooked with varying concentrations (0, 2.5 and 5.0% w/w, rice basis) of karaya gum at different rice-water ratios (1:10 and 1:1.8). The prepared rice samples were evaluated for cooking and sensory properties, in-vitro digestibility and structural characteristics. Cooking of rice with karaya gum (2.5–5.0%) at large rice-water ratio (1:10) increased minimum cooking time (19.0–25.0 min) and water uptake ratio (3.23–4.69) of samples. Also, rice cooked in excess water had better sensory acceptability scores than those cooked in less water. At large rice-water ratio, Zhag rice prepared with karaya gum (2.5%) had acceptable hardness and flavour scores. With increase in gum concentration, the equilibrium starch hydrolysis percentage (C) and estimated glycemic index (eGI) scores of cooked rice decreased, irrespective of cultivars and rice-water ratio. Maximum reduction in C was observed for Mushq Budij rice (85.20%) prepared with karaya gum (5.0%) at large rice-water ratio (1:10). Fourier transform infrared spectra of gum cooked rice samples revealed shifting of peak at 3250.0 cm−1 to higher intensities indicating hydrogen bonding interaction of starch and gum. From X-ray diffraction studies, the highest relative crystallinity (16.20%) was observed for rice prepared with 5.0% gum concentration. Therefore, cooking of rice with karaya gum at large rice–water ratio can be considered to slow down starch hydrolysis process of cooked rice.

煮熟的米饭淀粉消化率高。在食用大米的人群中,长期和过量食用精米与糖尿病发病率有关。因此,研究人员正在进行广泛的研究,以设计可以延缓消化煮熟的米饭的策略。考虑到这一事实,在克什米尔种植的四个水稻品种(SR-4, K-39, Mushq Budij和Zhag)在不同的米水比(1:10和1:8)下,用不同浓度(0,2.5和5.0% w/w,大米基础)的卡拉亚胶进行碾磨和煮熟。对制备的大米样品进行了烹饪和感官特性、体外消化率和结构特性的评价。在大米水比(1:10)条件下,用2.5 ~ 5.0%的卡拉亚胶蒸煮大米,提高了样品的最小蒸煮时间(19.0 ~ 25.0 min)和吸水率(3.23 ~ 4.69)。此外,用过量的水煮熟的米饭比用较少的水煮熟的米饭有更好的感官接受得分。在大米水比条件下,添加2.5%的卡拉亚胶制备的张米硬度和风味均可接受。随着胶浓度的增加,大米的平衡淀粉水解率(C∞)和估计血糖指数(eGI)得分均降低,与品种和米水比无关。在大米水比(1:10)条件下,以卡拉亚胶(5.0%)制备的布迪吉米(Mushq Budij rice)的C∞降幅最大(85.20%)。胶煮大米样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,在3250.0 cm−1处,峰值向更高强度移动,表明淀粉和胶的氢键相互作用。x射线衍射结果表明,当口香糖浓度为5.0%时,大米的相对结晶度最高,为16.20%。因此,可以考虑在大米水比下用卡拉亚胶蒸煮大米,以减缓煮熟大米的淀粉水解过程。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and encapsulation efficiency of zein nanoparticles loaded with chestnut fruit shell, cedar and sweetgum bark extracts 栗子果壳、雪松和甜树胶皮提取物负载玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒的表征和包封效率
IF 1.9 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100151
Dilara Konuk Takma , Semra Bozkurt , Mehmet Koç , Figen Korel , Hilal Şahin Nadeem

Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) loaded with bioactive extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) shell, cedar (Cedrus libani) and sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) bark wastes were produced using different methods. Nanoprecipitation, high-speed homogenization and ultrasonic homogenization allowed the fabrication of ZNPs with particle sizes smaller than 202.40 nm, 430.25 nm and 325.50 nm, respectively. The smallest nanoparticle size was achieved at 132.81 nm for sweetgum bark extract-loaded ZNPs obtained by the nanoprecipitation method. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was between 34.03 and 96.83% for all zein nanoparticles fabricated under different mixtures and process conditions. Zein concentration and extract ratio played an essential role in the EE of nanoparticles. The best conditions were determined to obtain the desired properties of ZNPs based on particle size, polydispersity index and EE by using a central composite rotatable design. The nanoprecipitation method was more appropriate for producing chestnut and cedar shell/bark extract-loaded nanoparticles. In contrast, the high-speed homogenization method was suitable for producing sweetgum bark extract-loaded nanoparticles. As a result of the encapsulation of various shell/bark extracts within zein nanoparticles, value-added products were generated from wastes having bioactive compounds. The developed zein nanoparticles for each extract type would offer eco-friendly, simple and safe food processing and packaging systems.

采用不同的方法制备了载栗子(Castanea sativa Mill.)壳、雪松(Cedrus libani)和桉树(Liquidambar orientalis)树皮废弃物生物活性提取物的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒(ZNPs)。采用纳米沉淀法、高速均质法和超声均质法制备的ZNPs的粒径分别小于202.40 nm、430.25 nm和325.50 nm。采用纳米沉淀法制备的负载桉皮提取物的ZNPs的纳米粒径最小,为132.81 nm。在不同混合料和工艺条件下制备的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒的包封率在34.03 ~ 96.83%之间。玉米蛋白的浓度和提取率对纳米颗粒的EE有重要影响。采用中心复合旋转设计,以ZNPs的粒径、多分散性指数和EE为指标,确定了ZNPs的最佳性能条件。纳米沉淀法更适合于制备板栗和雪松壳/树皮提取物负载的纳米颗粒。相比之下,高速均质法适用于制备载糖皮提取物的纳米颗粒。由于在玉米蛋白纳米颗粒中封装了各种壳/树皮提取物,从具有生物活性化合物的废物中产生了增值产品。为每种提取类型开发的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒将提供环保、简单和安全的食品加工和包装系统。
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引用次数: 0
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Food Hydrocolloids for Health
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