Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250033
Yufei Liu , Xiaonian Cao , Zhilei Zhou , Qingxi Ren , Zhongwei Ji , Min Gong , Yuezheng Xu , Weibiao Zhou , Shuguang Chen , Jian Mao
Higher alcohols are key factors affecting sensory quality and post-drinking comfort of alcoholic beverages. A strategy combining solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) was established to analyze the metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma after gavage of 4 common alcoholic beverages including huangjiu, baijiu, wine and brandy. 7 mL of dichloromethane was determined as the optimal extraction condition, and 8 higher alcohols were precisely quantified with detection limits of 1.82−11.65 μg/L, recoveries of 89.07 %−110.89 % and fine repeatability. The fastest absorption and elimination rates of plasma total higher alcohols were observed in baijiu and huangjiu group, respectively, and the highest peak concentration was found in brandy group. Additionally, the metabolic rate of plasma isoamyl alcohol in huangjiu group was faster than that in wine group at the same intragastric administration dosage. This study may provide potential insight for evaluation of alcoholic beverage quality.
{"title":"Application of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) in resolution of metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma","authors":"Yufei Liu , Xiaonian Cao , Zhilei Zhou , Qingxi Ren , Zhongwei Ji , Min Gong , Yuezheng Xu , Weibiao Zhou , Shuguang Chen , Jian Mao","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250033","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Higher alcohols are key factors affecting sensory quality and post-drinking comfort of alcoholic beverages. A strategy combining solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) was established to analyze the metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma after gavage of 4 common alcoholic beverages including huangjiu, baijiu, wine and brandy. 7 mL of dichloromethane was determined as the optimal extraction condition, and 8 higher alcohols were precisely quantified with detection limits of 1.82−11.65 μg/L, recoveries of 89.07 %−110.89 % and fine repeatability. The fastest absorption and elimination rates of plasma total higher alcohols were observed in baijiu and huangjiu group, respectively, and the highest peak concentration was found in brandy group. Additionally, the metabolic rate of plasma isoamyl alcohol in huangjiu group was faster than that in wine group at the same intragastric administration dosage. This study may provide potential insight for evaluation of alcoholic beverage quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3501-3510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The traditional nutritional and medical hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed protein were explored for the discovery and directional preparation of new xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) peptides by structure-based virtual screening, compound synthesis, in vitro bioassay and proteolysis. Six subtypes of hemp seed edestin and albumin were in silico hydrolyzed by 29 proteases, and 192 encrypted bioactive peptides were screened out. Six peptides showed to be XOI peptides, of which four (about 67 %) were released by elastase hydrolysis. The peptide DDNPRRFY displayed the highest XOI activity (IC50 = (2.10 ± 0.06) mg/mL), acting as a mixed inhibitor. The pancreatic elastase directionally prepared XOI hemp seed protein hydrolysates, from which 6 high-abundance XOI peptides encrypted 3 virtually-screened ones including the DDNPRRFY. The novel outstanding hemp seed protein-derived XOI peptides and their virtual screening and directed preparation methods provide a promising and applicable approach to conveniently and efficiently explore food-derived bioactive peptides.
{"title":"Virtual screening and directional preparation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides derived from hemp seed protein","authors":"Xiaoni Huang , Jiajun Liao , Ping Shi, Xiaodong Pei, Chenghua Wang","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250047","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional nutritional and medical hemp (<em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.) seed protein were explored for the discovery and directional preparation of new xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) peptides by structure-based virtual screening, compound synthesis, <em>in vitro</em> bioassay and proteolysis. Six subtypes of hemp seed edestin and albumin were <em>in silico</em> hydrolyzed by 29 proteases, and 192 encrypted bioactive peptides were screened out. Six peptides showed to be XOI peptides, of which four (about 67 %) were released by elastase hydrolysis. The peptide DDNPRRFY displayed the highest XOI activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = (2.10 ± 0.06) mg/mL), acting as a mixed inhibitor. The pancreatic elastase directionally prepared XOI hemp seed protein hydrolysates, from which 6 high-abundance XOI peptides encrypted 3 virtually-screened ones including the DDNPRRFY. The novel outstanding hemp seed protein-derived XOI peptides and their virtual screening and directed preparation methods provide a promising and applicable approach to conveniently and efficiently explore food-derived bioactive peptides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3652-3660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250034
Silu Wang , Jinxing Li , Wei-Hsien Liu , Niya Li , Huijing Liang , Weilian Hung , Qiuyue Jiang , Ruyue Cheng , Xi Shen , Fang He
Probiotics crosstalk immunity to improve host glycolipid metabolism, which is a new strategy for obesity. This study aimed to explore the functions of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 (K56), in regulating the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and its immune regulation mechanisms. We co-cultured RAW264.7 macrophages with K56, and the K56-stimulated RAW264.7-conditioned medium (K56-CM) was collected and treated with 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The expression of lipid metabolism-related markers of adipocytes, and the content of cytokines in CMs were detected. The results demonstrated that K56-CM promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and other adipogenesis-related markers, which resulted in the upregulation of lipolysis markers, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). The activation of lipolysis enhanced the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related and mitochondrial biogenesis-related markers and reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The glycolipid metabolism pattern of K56 may be due to its immunomodulatory characteristics, which stimulated macrophages to secrete fewer TNF-α, thereby promoting the expression of lipolysis-related markers, and TNF-α synergized with lipase to promote lipolysis. It has not been reported that L. paracasei modulated lipid metabolism via the lipolysis pathway, which suggested that K56 may regulate glycolipid metabolism of the host by maintaining immune homeostasis.
{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes by promoting lipolysis","authors":"Silu Wang , Jinxing Li , Wei-Hsien Liu , Niya Li , Huijing Liang , Weilian Hung , Qiuyue Jiang , Ruyue Cheng , Xi Shen , Fang He","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250034","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics crosstalk immunity to improve host glycolipid metabolism, which is a new strategy for obesity. This study aimed to explore the functions of <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> K56 (K56), in regulating the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and its immune regulation mechanisms. We co-cultured RAW264.7 macrophages with K56, and the K56-stimulated RAW264.7-conditioned medium (K56-CM) was collected and treated with 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The expression of lipid metabolism-related markers of adipocytes, and the content of cytokines in CMs were detected. The results demonstrated that K56-CM promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and other adipogenesis-related markers, which resulted in the upregulation of lipolysis markers, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). The activation of lipolysis enhanced the expression of fatty acid <em>β</em>-oxidation-related and mitochondrial biogenesis-related markers and reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The glycolipid metabolism pattern of K56 may be due to its immunomodulatory characteristics, which stimulated macrophages to secrete fewer TNF-α, thereby promoting the expression of lipolysis-related markers, and TNF-α synergized with lipase to promote lipolysis. It has not been reported that <em>L. paracasei</em> modulated lipid metabolism via the lipolysis pathway, which suggested that K56 may regulate glycolipid metabolism of the host by maintaining immune homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3511-3521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study we investigated the impact of the combination of astragalin and rutin (CAR) on restoring gut-microbial dysbiosis and obesity and obesity related disorders. Randomized male C57BL/6J mice were experimentally divided into 5 groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Compared to vehicle treated group (HFD group), CAR could substantially improve selected gut microbiota abundance (Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Roseburia, Prevotella), reversed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportions, and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella in obese mice. In addition, CAR-treated mice showed significantly increased total short-chain fatty acid production, reduced body weight gain, organs’ weights, serum lipid profile (except HDL) and insulin resistance. The mRNA expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were downregulated (P< 0.05) and the protein expression of PPAR-γ was downregulated while adenosine 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was phosphorylated in CAR-treated HFD-fed mice compared to the HFD control group. Interestingly, CAR-treated HFD-fed mice showed significantly improved tissue architecture in the liver and fatty tissues. In conclusion, the findings suggest that CAR/Moringa oleifera may be beneficial in the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity disorders.
{"title":"Astragalin and rutin restore gut microbiota dysbiosis, alleviate obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice","authors":"Muni Swamy Ganjayi , Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran , Balaji Meriga , Ruchika Bhatia , Shikha Sharma , Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250012","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study we investigated the impact of the combination of astragalin and rutin (CAR) on restoring gut-microbial dysbiosis and obesity and obesity related disorders. Randomized male C57BL/6J mice were experimentally divided into 5 groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Compared to vehicle treated group (HFD group), CAR could substantially improve selected gut microbiota abundance (<em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bifidobacteria</em>, <em>Roseburia</em>, <em>Prevotella</em>), reversed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes proportions, and inhibited the growth of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em>, and <em>Klebsiella</em> in obese mice. In addition, CAR-treated mice showed significantly increased total short-chain fatty acid production, reduced body weight gain, organs’ weights, serum lipid profile (except HDL) and insulin resistance. The mRNA expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (<em>C/EBP-α</em>), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (<em>SREBP-1c</em>), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (<em>PPAR-γ</em>), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<em>ACC</em>), adipocyte protein 2 (<em>aP2</em>), and fatty acid synthase (<em>FAS</em>) were downregulated (<em>P</em> <strong><</strong> 0.05) and the protein expression of PPAR-γ was downregulated while adenosine 5’monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was phosphorylated in CAR-treated HFD-fed mice compared to the HFD control group. Interestingly, CAR-treated HFD-fed mice showed significantly improved tissue architecture in the liver and fatty tissues. In conclusion, the findings suggest that CAR/<em>Moringa oleifera</em> may be beneficial in the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3256-3265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140466889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250277
Wenfeng Liu , Jian Wang , Zhongliang Wang , Fangfang Min , Yong Wu , Juanli Yuan , Jinyan Gao , Hongbing Chen
Understanding and monitoring the cross-contamination of food allergens is crucial for safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety. Food allergen risk assessment, derived from classical toxicological principles, can identify and quantify the risk of allergies. This study aimed to investigate the risk of wheat allergic reactions to prepackaged foods from China through the utilization of food allergen risk assessment. A total of 575 products have been surveyed, wheat/gluten, milk and egg were major allergens labelled on products. According to voluntary incidental trace allergen labelling 3.0 (VITAL® 3.0) program, the number of products belonged to Action Level 2 were 303. Integration of precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) analysis indicated that 9.57 % products would pose a potential risk to wheat allergic individuals. The probabilistic risk assessment results suggest that 7 984 allergic reactions may arise among wheat-allergic consumers during 10 000 eating occasions due to the consumption of pre-packaged food products with incorrect wheat-related allergen labelling. This study demonstrated that a risk assessment-based approach can support the guidance of allergen labelling and management of food allergen for pre-packaged food products, providing protection for allergic individuals in food consumption and for food manufacturers in food production and trade.
{"title":"Concerns arise: wheat allergy risk in pre-packaged food products from China","authors":"Wenfeng Liu , Jian Wang , Zhongliang Wang , Fangfang Min , Yong Wu , Juanli Yuan , Jinyan Gao , Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250277","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and monitoring the cross-contamination of food allergens is crucial for safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety. Food allergen risk assessment, derived from classical toxicological principles, can identify and quantify the risk of allergies. This study aimed to investigate the risk of wheat allergic reactions to prepackaged foods from China through the utilization of food allergen risk assessment. A total of 575 products have been surveyed, wheat/gluten, milk and egg were major allergens labelled on products. According to voluntary incidental trace allergen labelling 3.0 (VITAL® 3.0) program, the number of products belonged to Action Level 2 were 303. Integration of precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) analysis indicated that 9.57 % products would pose a potential risk to wheat allergic individuals. The probabilistic risk assessment results suggest that 7 984 allergic reactions may arise among wheat-allergic consumers during 10 000 eating occasions due to the consumption of pre-packaged food products with incorrect wheat-related allergen labelling. This study demonstrated that a risk assessment-based approach can support the guidance of allergen labelling and management of food allergen for pre-packaged food products, providing protection for allergic individuals in food consumption and for food manufacturers in food production and trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3139-3149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250218
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver, and saikosaponin D (SSD) is one of the main active components of Bupleurum. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on “gut-liver axis”. Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice, improved insulin sensitivity, and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr), small heterodimer partner (Shp), recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (Asbt) in the intestine, suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling. SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) expression, such as Clostridium. Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids, thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR. These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acid-intestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.
非酒精性脂肪肝是全球慢性肝病的主要病因。柴胡被广泛用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝，而柴胡皂苷 D（SSD）是柴胡的主要活性成分之一。本研究旨在探讨柴胡皂苷 D 治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效，并探索基于 "肠肝轴 "的柴胡皂苷 D 改善非酒精性脂肪肝的机制。研究结果表明，SSD能剂量依赖性地缓解高脂饮食诱导的小鼠体重增加，改善胰岛素敏感性，还能减少肝脏脂质蓄积和损伤相关的生物标志物天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）。进一步研究发现，SSD 可抑制肠道中法尼类固醇 X 受体（Fxr）、小异二聚体伙伴（Shp）、重组成纤维细胞生长因子 15（Fgf15）和顶端钠依赖性胆汁酸转运体（Asbt）的 mRNA 表达水平，这表明 SSD 可通过抑制肠道 FXR 信号转导来改善肝脏脂质代谢。SSD 能显著减少与胆盐水解酶（BSH）表达相关的肠道微生物群，如梭状芽孢杆菌。BSH 表达的减少降低了非结合胆汁酸与结合胆汁酸的比例，从而抑制了肠道 FXR。这些数据表明，SSD 可通过肠道微生物群-胆汁酸-肠道 FXR 途径改善非酒精性脂肪肝，并表明 SSD 是一种治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的有效药物。
{"title":"Saikosaponin D improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota-bile acid metabolism pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250218","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver, and saikosaponin D (SSD) is one of the main active components of Bupleurum. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on “gut-liver axis”. Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice, improved insulin sensitivity, and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (<em>Fxr</em>), small heterodimer partner (<em>Shp</em>), recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15 (<em>Fgf15</em>) and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (<em>Asbt</em>) in the intestine, suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling. SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) expression, such as <em>Clostridium</em>. Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids, thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR. These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acid-intestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2703-2717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250212
Atherosclerosis remains a great threat to human health worldwide. Previous studies found that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and paeoniflorin (PF) combination (TMP-PF) exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro. However, whether TMP-PF improves atherosclerosis in vivo needs further exploration. The present study aims to assess the anti-atherosclerotic properties of TMP-PF in ApoE-/- mice and explore the related molecule mechanisms. Results showed that TMP and high-dose TMP-PF decreased serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) expression in aortic tissues, inhibited plaque angiogenesis, reduced plaque areas, and alleviated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Also, TMP-PF exhibited a better modulation effect than TMP or PF alone. However, NR4A1 agonist abolished the anti-atherosclerotic effects of TMP-PF. In conclusion, TMP-PF was first found to alleviate atherosclerosis progression by reducing hyperlipemia and inhibiting plaque angiogenesis via the NR4A1/VEGFR2 pathway, indicating that TMP-PF had a positive effect on reducing hyperlipemia and attenuating atherosclerosis development.
{"title":"Tetramethylpyrazine and paeoniflorin combination (TMP-PF) alleviates atherosclerosis progress by reducing hyperlipemia and inhibiting plaque angiogenesis via the NR4A1/VEGFR2 pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250212","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis remains a great threat to human health worldwide. Previous studies found that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and paeoniflorin (PF) combination (TMP-PF) exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects <em>in vitro</em>. However, whether TMP-PF improves atherosclerosis <em>in vivo</em> needs further exploration. The present study aims to assess the anti-atherosclerotic properties of TMP-PF in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice and explore the related molecule mechanisms. Results showed that TMP and high-dose TMP-PF decreased serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) expression in aortic tissues, inhibited plaque angiogenesis, reduced plaque areas, and alleviated atherosclerosis in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Also, TMP-PF exhibited a better modulation effect than TMP or PF alone. However, NR4A1 agonist abolished the anti-atherosclerotic effects of TMP-PF. In conclusion, TMP-PF was first found to alleviate atherosclerosis progression by reducing hyperlipemia and inhibiting plaque angiogenesis via the NR4A1/VEGFR2 pathway, indicating that TMP-PF had a positive effect on reducing hyperlipemia and attenuating atherosclerosis development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2642-2652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250205
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutics are highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, but gastrointestinal toxicity limited the application. Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in ICB-associated colitis. 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′FL) is most abundance prebiotic in human milk that can reshape gut microbiota and exert immune regulatory effect. The study aimed to determine the effects of 2′FL on ICB-associated colitis and to uncover the mediating mechanism. ICB-associated colitis was induced by the ipilimumab and dextran sulfate sodium. Oral administration of 2′FL (0.6 g/(kg∙day)) ameliorated ICB-induced colitis by enhancing regulatory T cells (Treg) and the M2/M1 ratio of macrophages in colon. 2′FL treatment also increased the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and mucin 2 (MUC2)) and antioxidant stress indicators (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). In addition, administration of 2′FL increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and elevated the levels of microbial metabolites, such as indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands (AHR) pathway. The protective effect of 2′FL was abolished upon depletion of gut microbiota, and ILA treatment partially simulated the protective effect of 2′FL. Notably, 2′FL did not exhibit inhibition of antitumor immunity. These findings suggest that 2′FL could serve as a potential protective strategy for ICB-associated colitis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites.
{"title":"2′-Fucosyllactose alleviate immune checkpoint blockade-associated colitis by reshaping gut microbiota and activating AHR pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250205","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutics are highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, but gastrointestinal toxicity limited the application. Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in ICB-associated colitis. 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′FL) is most abundance prebiotic in human milk that can reshape gut microbiota and exert immune regulatory effect. The study aimed to determine the effects of 2′FL on ICB-associated colitis and to uncover the mediating mechanism. ICB-associated colitis was induced by the ipilimumab and dextran sulfate sodium. Oral administration of 2′FL (0.6 g/(kg∙day)) ameliorated ICB-induced colitis by enhancing regulatory T cells (Treg) and the M2/M1 ratio of macrophages in colon. 2′FL treatment also increased the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and mucin 2 (MUC2)) and antioxidant stress indicators (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). In addition, administration of 2′FL increased the abundance of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and elevated the levels of microbial metabolites, such as indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands (AHR) pathway. The protective effect of 2′FL was abolished upon depletion of gut microbiota, and ILA treatment partially simulated the protective effect of 2′FL. Notably, 2′FL did not exhibit inhibition of antitumor immunity. These findings suggest that 2′FL could serve as a potential protective strategy for ICB-associated colitis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2543-2561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250219
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.), as one of the medicinal and edible homologous plants, is rich in various nutrients and functional factors. In this study, Chinese yam fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii was performed to investigate its bioactive components and metabolic profile. And then, the main bioactive components and biological activities of fermented Chinese yam ethanol extract (FCYE) were evaluated. Results showed that there were 49 up-regulated metabolites and 52 down-regulated metabolites in fermented Chinese yam compared to unfermented Chinese yam. Besides, corresponding metabolic pathways analysis initially revealed that the distribution of bioactive substances was concentrated on alcohol-soluble small molecular substances. Ulteriorly, the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoid content in FCYE were significantly increased, and the corresponding antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in vitro were also significantly enhanced. Our study provided a new reference for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese yam and laid a theoretical foundation for the development and application of natural probiotic-fermented products.
{"title":"The metabolic profiling of Chinese yam fermented by Saccharomyces boulardii and the biological activities of its ethanol extract in vitro","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250219","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chinese yam (<em>Dioscorea opposita</em> Thunb.), as one of the medicinal and edible homologous plants, is rich in various nutrients and functional factors. In this study, Chinese yam fermented by <em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em> was performed to investigate its bioactive components and metabolic profile. And then, the main bioactive components and biological activities of fermented Chinese yam ethanol extract (FCYE) were evaluated. Results showed that there were 49 up-regulated metabolites and 52 down-regulated metabolites in fermented Chinese yam compared to unfermented Chinese yam. Besides, corresponding metabolic pathways analysis initially revealed that the distribution of bioactive substances was concentrated on alcohol-soluble small molecular substances. Ulteriorly, the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoid content in FCYE were significantly increased, and the corresponding antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities <em>in vitro</em> were also significantly enhanced. Our study provided a new reference for the comprehensive utilization of Chinese yam and laid a theoretical foundation for the development and application of natural probiotic-fermented products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2718-2726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250199
The core drivers of the modern food industry are meeting consumer demand for tasty and healthy foods. The application of food flavor perception enhancement can help to achieve the goals of salt- and sugar-reduction, without compromising the sensory quality of the original food, and this has attracted increasing research attention. The analysis of bibliometric results from 2002 to 2022 reveals that present flavor perception enhancement strategies (changing ingredient formulations, adding salt/sugar substitutes, emulsion delivery systems) are mainly carry out based on sweetness, saltiness and umami. Emulsion systems is becoming a novel research foci and development trends of international food flavor perception-enhancement research. The structured design of food emulsions, by using interface engineering technology, can effectively control, or enhance the release of flavor substances. Thus, this review systematically summarizes strategies, the application of emulsion systems and the mechanisms of action of food flavor perception-enhancement technologies, based on odor-taste cross-modal interaction (OTCMI), to provide insights into the further structural design and application of emulsion systems in this field.
{"title":"Insights into the enhancement of food flavor perception: strategies, mechanism and emulsion applications","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250199","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The core drivers of the modern food industry are meeting consumer demand for tasty and healthy foods. The application of food flavor perception enhancement can help to achieve the goals of salt- and sugar-reduction, without compromising the sensory quality of the original food, and this has attracted increasing research attention. The analysis of bibliometric results from 2002 to 2022 reveals that present flavor perception enhancement strategies (changing ingredient formulations, adding salt/sugar substitutes, emulsion delivery systems) are mainly carry out based on sweetness, saltiness and umami. Emulsion systems is becoming a novel research foci and development trends of international food flavor perception-enhancement research. The structured design of food emulsions, by using interface engineering technology, can effectively control, or enhance the release of flavor substances. Thus, this review systematically summarizes strategies, the application of emulsion systems and the mechanisms of action of food flavor perception-enhancement technologies, based on odor-taste cross-modal interaction (OTCMI), to provide insights into the further structural design and application of emulsion systems in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2410-2424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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