Food Science and Human Wellness最新文献

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the oligoantigenic diet. The rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic properties. The oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be sensitive. First, ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the diet. Subsequently, if symptoms remit, foods are re-introduced, while observing the individual for the return of symptoms. An advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual. A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain foods. The effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to large. Available evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further exploration. Further large-scale, randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

Two oligosaccharide fractions (MLO 2-1 and 2-2) were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide. The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide, which could be degraded by human digestive juice; while MLO 2-1 possessed the non-digestible property in the upper gastrointestinal tract and performed the function by regulating the gut microbiota. Hence, MLO 2-1 was selected for the further analysis. The structure of MLO 2-1 was elucidated as follow: α-T-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→5) -α-Araf-1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-(2-OAc)-Glcp-1. The in vitro fecal fermentation results showed that MLO 2-1 could modulate the composition of gut microbiota. Meanwhile, MLO 2-1 was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce lactate and short chain fatty acids, especially acetate and butyrate. The specific metabolic pathways of MLO 2-1 by gut microbiota were further illuminated. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MLO 2-1 selectively promoted the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus, a commensal bacterium presented a reduced level in T2DM mice. Animal experiments indicated that MLO 2-1 and L. murinus exhibited hypoglycemic activities. These results demonstrated that MLO 2-1 might alleviate T2DM by selectively accelerating the proliferation of L. murinus.

Here, we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between protein changes and quality characteristics of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) fillets during superchilling (-3 ℃) storage. Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the muscle histology microstructure of fillets was damaged to varying degrees, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to find that the immobile water and free water in the muscle of fillets changed significantly. Total sulfhydryl content, TCA-soluble peptides and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity also showed that the fillet protein had a deterioration by oxidation and denaturation. The Fresh (FS), MAP, and air packaging (AP) groups were set. Total of 150 proteins were identified as differential abundant proteins (DAPs) in MAP/FS, while 209 DAPs were in AP/FS group. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most DAPs were involved in binding proteins and protein turnover. Correlation analysis found that 52 DAPs were correlated with quality traits. Among them, 8 highly correlated DAPs are expected to be used as potential quality markers for protein oxidation and water-holding capacity. These results provide a further understanding of the muscle deterioration mechanism of packaging golden pompano fillets during superchilling.

Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases. To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication, volunteers were given low, medium, and high doses of glucose and fructose. Serum cytokines, glucose, lactate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and metabolic enzymes were assayed, and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed. The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose. Compared with glucose, low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism, significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), induced protein-10 (IP-10), and eotaxin, and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDHC). Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism, and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes. Furthermore, multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways. Therefore, excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses, allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

Gut microbiome is indispensable for maintaining normal brain function. Specifically, gut microbiota plays a causal role in sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment. In this study, neurobehavioral effects of the Bifidobacterium breve strain (CCFM1025) were assessed in sleep-deprived mice. CCFM1025 improved the body weight and food and water intake of the mice. It also alleviated SD-induced cognitive behavioural abnormalities (in the novel object recognition test), but did not show beneficial effects on mood- and spatial memory-related behaviours. CCFM1025 significantly altered the gut microbial composition and genome function. Key microbial metabolites that may regulate sleep function were also identified, such as isovaleric acid and γ-aminobutyric acid in the gut and purine metabolites in the serum. Those metabolites may participate in gut-brain communication by acting on the striatal melatonin system, for example to increase melatonin levels, and by regulating the expression of circadian clock genes such as those encoding the adenosine A_2A receptor and period circadian regulator 1. Collectively, administration of probiotics alleviated cognitive impairment and circadian rhythm disturbance induced by SD via modulation of gut microbiome and its metabolites. These findings may help guide the treatment of insomnia or other sleep disorders via dietary strategies.

Dry-cured meat products are considerably popular around the world due to unique flavor. Proteolysis is one of the enzymatic reactions from which flavor substances are derived, which is affected by endogenous proteases. The purpose aimed to reveal the potential relationship between endogenous proteases and key flavor substances in dry-cured pork coppa in this paper. The dynamic changes of endogenous proteases activity, free amino acids, and volatiles during dry-cured pork coppa processing were characterized. The results showed that 5 kinds of free amino acids, Glu, Lys, Val, Ala, and Leu, were identified as significant contributors to taste. Meanwhile, key volatiles, such as hexanal, nonanal, octanal, benzaldehyde, 3-methyl butanoic acid, 2-methyl propanoic acid, and ethyl octanoate, greatly contributed to the flavor characteristics of dry-cured pork coppa. Further partial correlation analysis was performed to better elucidate the relationship among parameters. The results revealed that close relationship between endogenous proteases and key substances. RAP not only significantly affected the accumulation of key active-amino acids, but also affected the accumulation of ethyl octanoate, 2,3-pentanedione, and 2,3-octanedione by regulating the accumulation of octanoic acid and Leu. In addition, cathepsin B and D, DPP Ⅱ, DPP Ⅳ and RAP notably affected accumulation of hexanal.

Rhodiola crenulate is the edible medicinal herbal medicine widely used for altitude sickness in China. Interestingly, our previous work has found that R. crenulate extract (RCE) could significantly improve the pathology associated with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Thus, the current research aims to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis of RCE, as well as its mechanism against colitis. The chemical characterization of RCE was performed by UHPLC-HR-MS, through which a total of 88 constituents were identified. Meanwhile, our results also found 29 constituents absorbed into blood and 8 metabolized absorbable compounds. The decreased flavonoids prototype and the elevated sulfated products of phenols were observed under pathophysiological conditions of colitis. The metabolomics study revealed that colitis caused the alternation of fatty acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and bile acid metabolism. Correspondingly, RCE could prevent colitis by improving fatty acid metabolism and secondary bile acid metabolism.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing three polysaccharides (neutral LJP-1, acidic LJP-2 and acidic LJP-3) with significant in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities from the flowers of Lonicera japonica. The three polysaccharides differed in chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, glycosidic linkage pattern, functional groups and morphology. They exhibited excellent protective effects (in a dose-dependent manner) in lipopolysaccharide-injured RAW264.7 macrophages and CuSO₄-damaged zebrafish via reducing NO production and inhibiting the overexpressions of inflammation-related transcription factors, inflammatory proteins and cytokines in the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Their anti-inflammatory effects varied owing to their different molecular characteristics and chemical compositions. Overall, LJP-2 at 400 μg/mL was the most effective. LJP-2 consisted mainly of → 5)-α-L-Araf (1→, →4)-α-L-GalpA (1→ and →2)-α-L-Rhap (1→ residues with terminal T-β-D-Glcp. Thus, honeysuckle flowers are good sources of anti-inflammatory polysaccharides, and precise fractionation enables the production of potent anti-inflammatory agents for the development of functional foods and healthcare products.

Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current study. Results indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by hypertension. WPH inhibited ACE activity (20.81 %, P < 0.01), and reduced renin concentration (P < 0.05), thereby reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) (12.63 %, P < 0.05) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The increased Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH intervention. These changes jointly contributed to low blood pressure. The heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries (hypertrophy and degeneration) were alleviated by WPH. The proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH supplementation. Notably, WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress, indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.01), enhanced total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) and superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.01). The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome (TCM) is limited, and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and rehabilitation is unknown. Here, TCM from stroke patients (SP) was characterized using molecular techniques. The occurrence of stroke resulted in TCM dysbiosis with significantly reduced species richness and diversity. The abundance of Prevotella, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Haemophilus, and TM7_[G-1] were greatly reduced, but common infection Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were remarkably increased. Furthermore, an antioxidative probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 was used for TCM intervention in stroke rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). AR113 partly restored I/R induced change of TCM and gut microbiota with significantly improved neurological deficit, relieved histopathologic change, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased contents of oxidative stress biomarkers. Moreover, the gene expression of antioxidant-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and Bcl-2 was significantly increased, but cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax were markedly decreased in the brain by AR113 treatment. The results suggested that AR113 could ameliorate cerebral I/R injury through antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways, and AR113 intervention of TCM may have the application potential for stroke prevention and control.