Food Science and Human Wellness最新文献_第4页

Facile SERS screening of melamine in bovine milk with 2D printed AgNPs/glass fabric filter paper as the flexible substrate 用二维印刷的 AgNPs/玻璃纤维滤纸作为柔性基底，对牛乳中的三聚氰胺进行简便的 SERS 筛选

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250208

Melamine is one of the most frequently detected adulterants in dairy products. The current study proposes a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based analytical tool for fast and reliable screening of melamine in bovine milk. A hand-held Raman spectrometer was used in conjunction with a substrate composed of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that was 2D printed onto glass fiber (GF) filter paper. Under optimized conditions, a sensitive and fingerprint-like signal at 674 cm⁻¹ was obtained. The AgNPs/GF substrate exhibited high sensitivity to melamine in milk down to 1.9498 × 10⁻⁵ mg/mL, which is well below the USA and EU safety limits (2.5 × 10⁻³ mg/mL). Remarkably, the proposed technology was also highly reproducible, showing spot-to-spot and block-to-block variations below 3.3 % and 4.9 % at 674 cm⁻¹ in Raman intensity, respectively. The characteristic peak intensity and concentration of melamine showed an acceptable linear relationship (R² = 0.9909) within the range of 0.0001–1 mg/mL. Overall, the method established in this study can provide an efficient and effective method for the quantitative target screening and detection of melamine in dairy products.

三聚氰胺是乳制品中最常检测到的掺假物质之一。本研究提出了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）的分析工具，用于快速、可靠地筛查牛乳中的三聚氰胺。研究人员将手持式拉曼光谱仪与二维印刷在玻璃纤维（GF）滤纸上的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）基底结合使用。在优化条件下，在 674 cm-1 处获得了灵敏的指纹样信号。AgNPs/GF 基质对牛奶中三聚氰胺的灵敏度高达 1.9498 × 10-5 mg/mL，远低于美国和欧盟的安全限值（2.5 × 10-3 mg/mL）。值得注意的是，该技术的重现性也很高，在拉曼强度674 cm-1处，点与点之间和块与块之间的变化分别低于3.3%和4.9%。在 0.0001-1 mg/mL 的范围内，特征峰强度与三聚氰胺的浓度呈可接受的线性关系（R2 = 0.9909）。总之，本研究建立的方法可为乳制品中三聚氰胺的定量目标筛选和检测提供一种高效、有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of phytoconstituents on oral health practices: a post COVID-19 observation 植物成分对口腔卫生做法的影响：COVID-19 后的观察结果

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250197

Appropriate oral hygiene significantly reduces the possibility of oral infections. However, dental caries and periodontal diseases are major oral health issues causing chronic diseases due to poor oral health. Recently, herbal compounds have gained interest in maintaining oral health. Extracts of burdock root (Arctium), noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia), and neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) are now used as intracanal medicaments in endodontics and periodontics. Plectranthus amboinicus species and other plants produces essential oil like β-caryophyllene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene can exhibit antibacterial activity; highlighting phytoconstituents plays a vital role in oral health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of hygiene and sanitization, to curb SARS-CoV-2. Oral cavity is among the gateways for virus entry into saliva. Saliva is a potential reservoir of SARS-CoV-2, and there is an increased risk of infection if there is any fissure in the mouth. This enables entry of virus into the vascular system through gingival or periodontal pocket, possibly reaching lung periphery then to lung vessels by interacting with endothelial surface receptors triggering pulmonary vasoconstriction and lung damage due to endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to draw attention to the possible route of SARS-CoV-2 infection via the oral cavity and the importance of oral hygiene against COVID-19.

适当的口腔卫生能大大降低口腔感染的可能性。然而，龋齿和牙周病是主要的口腔健康问题，由于口腔健康状况不佳而导致慢性疾病。最近，草药复合物在维护口腔健康方面引起了人们的兴趣。牛蒡根（牛蒡）、诺丽果（巴戟天）和印楝叶（Azadirachta indica）的提取物目前已被用作牙髓病学和牙周病学的根管内药物。Plectranthus amboinicus 品种和其他植物产生的精油，如 β-茶叶烯、对伞花烯和 γ-萜品烯，具有抗菌活性；突出植物成分在口腔健康中的重要作用。COVID-19 大流行凸显了卫生和消毒对遏制 SARS-CoV-2 的重要性。口腔是病毒进入唾液的门户之一。唾液是 SARS-CoV-2 的潜在贮存库，如果口腔有任何裂缝，感染的风险就会增加。这使得病毒能够通过牙龈或牙周袋进入血管系统，可能到达肺部外围，然后通过与内皮表面受体相互作用进入肺部血管，引发肺血管收缩和内皮功能障碍导致的肺损伤。本综述旨在提请人们注意经口腔感染 SARS-CoV-2 的可能途径，以及口腔卫生对 COVID-19 的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Oligomeric procyanidins combined with Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorate high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation reaction and bile acid metabolism in ApoE−/− mice 通过调节载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠的脂质代谢、炎症反应和胆汁酸代谢，低聚原花青素与副嗜酸杆菌结合可改善高脂饮食引起的动脉粥样硬化

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250230

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the prevention and treatment strategies of AS have attracted great research attention. As a potential probiotic, Pararabacteroides distasonis has a positive regulatory effect on lipid metabolism and bile acids (BAs) profile. Oligomeric procyanidins have been confirmed to be conducive to the prevention and treatment of AS, whose anti-atherosclerotic effect may be associated with the promotion of gut probiotics. However, it remains unclear whether and how oligomeric procyanidins and P. distasonis combined (PPC) treatment can effectively alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AS. In this study, PPC treatment was found to significantly decrease atherosclerotic lesion, as well as alleviate the lipid metabolism disorder, inflammation and oxidative stress injury in ApoE^−/− mice. Surprisingly, targeted metabolomics demonstrated that PPC intervention altered the BA profile in mice by regulating the ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs, and increased fecal BAs excretion. Further, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that PPC intervention facilitated reverse cholesterol transport by upregulating Srb1 expression; In addition, PPC intervention promoted BA synthesis from cholesterol in liver by upregulating Cyp7a1 expression via suppression of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway, thus exhibiting a significant serum cholesterol-lowering effect. In summary, PPC attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE^−/− mice, which provides new insights into the design of novel and efficient anti-atherosclerotic strategies to prevent AS based on probiotics and prebiotics.

动脉粥样硬化（AS）是心血管疾病的主要病理基础。因此，动脉粥样硬化的预防和治疗策略备受研究关注。作为一种潜在的益生菌，Pararabacteroides distasonis 对脂质代谢和胆汁酸（BAs）具有积极的调节作用。寡聚原花青素已被证实有利于强直性脊柱炎的预防和治疗，其抗动脉粥样硬化作用可能与肠道益生菌的促进作用有关。然而，低聚原花青素和P. distasonis（PPC）联合治疗是否能有效缓解高脂饮食（HFD）诱导的强直性脊柱炎，以及如何缓解，目前仍不清楚。本研究发现，PPC治疗可显著减少动脉粥样硬化病变，并缓解载脂蛋白E/-小鼠的脂质代谢紊乱、炎症和氧化应激损伤。令人惊讶的是，靶向代谢组学研究表明，PPC 通过调节次生 BA 与原生 BA 的比例，改变了小鼠体内 BA 的分布，并增加了粪便中 BA 的排泄量。此外，定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析表明，PPC干预通过上调Srb1的表达，促进了胆固醇的逆向转运；PPC干预还通过抑制类雌激素X受体（FXR）通路，上调Cyp7a1的表达，促进了肝脏中胆固醇合成BA，因此具有显著的降低血清胆固醇的作用。总之，PPC可减轻HFD诱导的载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠强直性脊柱炎，这为设计基于益生菌和益生元的新型高效抗动脉粥样硬化策略以预防强直性脊柱炎提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Capsaicin alleviates the hepatic clock gene disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis in circadian rhythm disorder mouse model 辣椒素缓解昼夜节律紊乱小鼠模型中的肝脏时钟基因紊乱和肠道微生物群失调

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250238

As the body’s internal clock, the circadian rhythm regulates the energy expenditure, appetite, and sleep. There exists a close relationship between the host circadian rhythm and gut microbiota. In this work, a circadian disorder mouse model induced by constant darkness (CD) was constructed to investigate the regulating effects of capsaicin (CAP) on disturbances of metabolism homeostasis and gut microbiota in the respect of circadian rhythm-related mechanisms. Our results indicated that CAP reduced weight gain induced by circadian rhythm disorder in mice by inhibiting fat accumulation in liver and adipose tissue. The rhythmic expressions of circadian clock genes and lipid-metabolism related genes in liver were also recovered by CAP. Microbial study using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CAP modulated the gut microbiota richness, diversity and composition, and restored diurnal oscillations of gut microbes at the phylum and family level. These results indicated that CAP could alleviate CD-induced hepatic clock gene disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice, providing theoretical basis for CAP to be used as a muti-functional ingredient with great health-promoting effects.

作为人体的内部时钟，昼夜节律调节着能量消耗、食欲和睡眠。宿主的昼夜节律与肠道微生物群之间存在着密切的关系。本研究构建了一个由持续黑暗（CD）诱导的昼夜节律紊乱小鼠模型，以研究辣椒素（CAP）在昼夜节律相关机制方面对代谢平衡紊乱和肠道微生物群的调节作用。结果表明，辣椒素通过抑制肝脏和脂肪组织的脂肪积累，减少了昼夜节律紊乱引起的小鼠体重增加。CAP 还能恢复肝脏中昼夜节律基因和脂质代谢相关基因的节律表达。使用 16S rRNA 测序法进行的微生物研究表明，CAP 可调节肠道微生物群的丰富度、多样性和组成，并在门和科水平上恢复肠道微生物的昼夜振荡。这些结果表明，CAP 可以缓解 CD 引起的小鼠肝脏时钟基因紊乱和肠道微生物群失调，为 CAP 作为一种具有巨大健康促进作用的多功能成分提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of novel polysaccharides obtained from Pleurotus eryngii 从刺五加中提取的新型多糖的结构特征和抗炎活性

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250245

Natural polysaccharides named PEP-0.1-1, PEP-0-1 and PEP-0-2 from edible mushroom species Pleurotus eryngii were obtained in the present study. Results showed that molecular weights of these polysaccharides were 3235, 2041 and 23933 Da, respectively. Further, structural characterization revealed that PEP-0.1-1 had a →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ backbone and contained →4)-α-D-Glcp and →4)-β-D-Glcp reducing end groups. PEP-0-1 backbone contained →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ and →6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-1→, and the side chains contained α-D-Glcp, β-D-Manp-1→ and α-D-Glcp-3→. However, PEP-0-2 backbone consisted of →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ and →6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-1→ while the side chains contained α-D-Glcp and β-D-Manp-1→. Biological activity analysis was then carried out and found that all these polysaccharides could significantly suppress the relative mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells, as well as the over secretion of the above cell cytokines. Moreover, Western blotting analysis revealed that all these purified fractions displayed significant inhibition effects on the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases protein protein induced by LPS in mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, along with the relieving on the inhibition effect of LPS on IκB-α protein expression. In summary, the information generated by the present study could provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of novel healthy food materials from edible mushroom with anti-inflammation activities.

本研究从食用菌品种刺五加（Pleurotus eryngii）中获得了名为 PEP-0.1-1、PEP-0-1 和 PEP-0-2 的天然多糖。结果表明，这些多糖的分子量分别为 3235、2041 和 23933 Da。进一步的结构表征显示，PEP-0.1-1 的骨架为 →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ ，含有 →4)-α-D-Glcp 和 →4)-β-D-Glcp 还原端基团。PEP-0-1 主干含有→4-α-D-Glcp-1→和→6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-1→，侧链含有α-D-Glcp、β-D-Manp-1→和α-D-Glcp-3→。然而，PEP-0-2 的骨架由 →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ 和 →6-α-3-O-Me-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-1→ 组成，侧链包含 α-D-Glcp 和 β-D-Manp-1→。然后进行了生物活性分析，发现所有这些多糖都能显著抑制脂多糖（LPS）诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞炎症中收费样受体 4、一氧化氮、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β 和 IL-6 的相对 mRNA 表达，以及上述细胞因子的过度分泌。此外，Western 印迹分析表明，所有这些纯化的馏分都对 LPS 在丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路中诱导的 c-Jun N 端激酶蛋白的表达有显著的抑制作用，同时也缓解了 LPS 对 IκB-α 蛋白表达的抑制作用。总之，本研究获得的信息可为探索从食用菌中提取具有抗炎活性的新型健康食品材料提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of squash polysaccharide and the anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rat revealed by urine metabolomics analysis 通过尿液代谢组学分析揭示地瓜多糖的特征及对 2 型糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病作用

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250237

The present study reports the structural characteristics of 3 polysaccharide fractions (SPS-F1, SPS-F2 and SPS-F3) isolated and purified from squash. SPS-F1 (molecular weight (Mw) = 12.30 kDa) and SPS-F2 (Mw = 19.40 kDa) were likely to contain HG and RG-I domain of pectic polysaccharide, respectively. SPS-F2 (Mw = 270.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, galactose and arabinose. The treatment with SPS decreased body weight gain, glucose and TG levels in type 2 diabetes rats. Besides, 25 differential metabolites were identified based on urinary metabolomics analysis, which are crucial to the anti-diabetic effect of SPS. The regulation of nicotinamide N-oxide, histamine, cis-aconitate, citrate, L-malic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid were mainly associated with energy metabolism, gut microbiota and inflammation. Study of surface plasmon resonance revealed the binding kinetics with galectin-3 (Gal-3) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The K_D values of SPS-F2 and SPS-F3 to Gal-3 were 4.97 × 10^-3 and 1.48 × 10^-3 mol/L, indicating a weak binding affinity. All 3 fractions showed moderate binding to FGF2 and the affinity was SPS-F3 > SPS-F2 > SPS-F1. Thus, the metabolomics and SPR approach were proved to be a promising tool in exploring the anti-diabetes effects of SPS and provided a deep understanding of the mechanisms.

本研究报告了从地瓜中分离纯化的 3 种多糖组分（SPS-F1、SPS-F2 和 SPS-F3）的结构特征。SPS-F1（分子量 (Mw) = 12.30 kDa）和 SPS-F2（分子量 = 19.40 kDa）可能分别含有果胶多糖的 HG 和 RG-I 结构域。SPS-F2（Mw = 270.4 kDa）主要由鼠李糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成。用 SPS 治疗可降低 2 型糖尿病大鼠的体重增加、血糖和总胆固醇水平。此外，根据尿液代谢组学分析，还发现了25种差异代谢物，它们对SPS的抗糖尿病作用至关重要。对烟酰胺 N-氧化物、组胺、顺式乌头酸、柠檬酸、L-苹果酸、3-（3-羟基苯基）丙酸和 N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸的调节主要与能量代谢、肠道微生物群和炎症有关。表面等离子体共振研究揭示了与加连蛋白-3（Gal-3）和成纤维细胞生长因子 2（FGF2）的结合动力学。SPS-F2 和 SPS-F3 与 Gal-3 的 KD 值分别为 4.97 × 10-3 和 1.48 × 10-3 mol/L，表明结合亲和力较弱。三个馏分都与 FGF2 有中等程度的结合，亲和力分别为 SPS-F3 > SPS-F2 > SPS-F1。因此，代谢组学和 SPR 方法被证明是探索 SPS 抗糖尿病作用的有效工具，并为深入了解其作用机制提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional values, bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review 马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea L.）的营养价值、生物活性化合物和健康益处：综述

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250203

Portulaca oleracea L., commonly known as purslane, is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as “Global Panacea”. As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world, it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential “new crop” due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid), as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals. Accordingly, emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine. This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane, including the nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds, and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations, challenges, and future directions of research. Finally, we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.

马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea L.），俗称马齿苋，是马齿苋科马齿苋属的世界性杂草物种，被誉为 "全球灵丹妙药"。作为世界上食用最广泛的绿色蔬菜和药用植物之一，马齿苋最近被重新评估为一种潜在的 "新作物"，因为马齿苋的特性使其成为欧米伽-3 脂肪酸（α-亚麻酸）以及多种营养物质和植物化学物质的最佳蔬菜来源之一。因此，新的研究发现马齿苋具有促进健康的特性，如抗炎、降血糖、抗氧化、神经保护和免疫调节。这些研究结果表明，除雪里蕻和传统药物外，马齿苋还具有作为膳食补充剂的潜力。本综述系统地总结了有关马齿苋的最新研究，包括其营养成分、生物活性化合物、对健康的益处以及局限性、挑战和未来的研究方向。最后，我们希望这篇综述能为马齿苋作为预防和治疗疾病的功能性保健食品提供全面的参考和未来的发展空间。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative genomic analysis revealed that dietary habits affected the adaptation of Bifidobacterium bifidum to the intestinal tract in different geographic populations 基因组比较分析表明，饮食习惯影响了双歧杆菌对不同地域人群肠道的适应性

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250243

Recent research on the genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum has mainly focused on the isolation sources (intestinal tract niche) recently, but reports on the isolation region are limited. This study analyzed the differences in the genome of B. bifidum isolated from different geographical populations by comparative genomic analysis. Results at the genome level indicated that the GC content of American isolates was significantly higher than that of Chinese and Russian isolates. The phylogenetic tree, based on 919 core genes showed that B. bifidum might be related to the geographical characteristics of isolation region. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis demonstrated that copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) involved in the degradation of polysaccharide from plant and host sources in B. bifidum were high, and 18 CAZys showed significant differences across different geographical populations, indicating that B. bifidum had adapted to the human intestinal environment, especially in the groups with diets rich in fiber. Dietary habits were one of the main reasons for the differences of B. bifidum across different geographical populations. Additionally, B. bifidum exhibited high diversity, evident in glycoside hydrolases, the CRISPR-Cas system, and prophages. This study provides a genetic basis for further research and development of B. bifidum.

近年来，关于双歧杆菌基因组的研究主要集中在分离源（肠道位点），但关于分离区域的报道却很有限。本研究通过基因组比较分析，分析了从不同地理种群分离的双歧杆菌基因组的差异。基因组水平的结果表明，美国分离株的 GC 含量明显高于中国和俄罗斯分离株。基于919个核心基因的系统发生树显示，双歧杆菌可能与分离地区的地理特征有关。此外，功能注释分析表明，双歧杆菌中参与降解植物和宿主来源多糖的碳水化合物活性酶（CAZys）的拷贝数较高，18种CAZys在不同地理种群中存在显著差异，表明双歧杆菌已适应人类肠道环境，尤其是在富含纤维饮食的群体中。饮食习惯是双歧杆菌在不同地域人群中存在差异的主要原因之一。此外，双歧杆菌在糖苷水解酶、CRISPR-Cas 系统和噬菌体方面表现出高度的多样性。这项研究为进一步研究和开发双歧杆菌提供了遗传基础。

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引用次数: 0

Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing 不同加工程度的果汁和饮料对健康的影响

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202

The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages (FJBs) consumption. In fact, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health risks. In this study, we first integrated 4 systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories, low (minimal), moderate and high. Second, we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary guidelines. Third, we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled trials, and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming FJBs. Deepening the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of diseases. Dietary pattern, nutrients, addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential factors. Finally, we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100 % fruit juices produced by different processing methods. In conclusion, minimally/moderately processed 100 % fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit beverages. The results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.

加工程度很少被认为是影响果汁和饮料（FJBs）健康的独立因素。事实上，食用超加工食品已被证明会对健康造成危害。在这项研究中，我们首先整合了用于划分食品加工程度的 4 个系统，然后将果汁和饮料分为三大类，即低度（极低）、中度和高度。其次，我们比较了膳食指南中对 FJB 的态度差异。第三，我们综合了现有流行病学调查、随机对照试验和动物实验的结果，探讨了与食用 FJB 相关的健康风险。研究发现，FJB 的深加工会导致疾病风险增加。膳食模式、营养素、添加剂和消费者偏好可能是影响因素。最后，我们研究了不同加工方法生产的 100%果汁对健康的益处是否有任何变化。总之，微/中度加工的 100%果汁比高度加工的水果饮料更有益健康。研究结果表明，在今后的研究中需要考虑果汁饮料的加工程度，以调整饮料消费的官方营养建议。

{"title":"Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages (FJBs) consumption. In fact, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health risks. In this study, we first integrated 4 systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories, low (minimal), moderate and high. Second, we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary guidelines. Third, we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled trials, and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming FJBs. Deepening the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of diseases. Dietary pattern, nutrients, addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential factors. Finally, we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100 % fruit juices produced by different processing methods. In conclusion, minimally/moderately processed 100 % fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit beverages. The results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2456-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of gut microbiome composition on effect variations of anti-cholesterol treatment among individual mice 肠道微生物群组成对小鼠个体间抗胆固醇治疗效果变化的影响

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Science and Human Wellness

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250252

Hyemin Oh , Yohan Yoon

This study investigated if the variation in the effect of anti-cholesterol (AC) treatment on individual mice are related to gut microbiome composition. The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of 23 commercial fermented milk products was examined to select a fermented milk product for AC treatment. Mice were fed to different diets for 6 weeks: high-fat (660 % of total calories from fat; D1), high-dietary fibre (20 % cellulose; D2), and low-fat (17.2 % of total calories from fat; D3) diets to change their gut microbiomes. Subsequently, faecal microbiome was transplanted (FMT) into mice treated with high cholesterol diet contained 2 % cholesterol, followed by AC or non-AC (sterile tap water, STW) treatments. Control groups with normal (NC) and high-cholesterol diets (PC) were prepared for both AC and STW treatment. All experimental groups were subjected to serum and liver cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism-related (CMR) gene expression, and intestinal microbiome analyses. D3-FMT mice showed the most significant enhancements in cholesterol ratio and decreased hepatic cholesterol levels with AC treatment. Moreover, upregulation of the Cyp7a1 gene expression was observed in this group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiome analysis indicated higher abundances of BSH-producing Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Parabacteroides in the D3-FMT + AC group compare to others, potentially contributing to increased bile acid synthesis.

本研究探讨了抗胆固醇（AC）治疗对小鼠个体效果的差异是否与肠道微生物组的组成有关。研究人员检测了 23 种商业发酵乳制品的胆盐水解酶（BSH）活性，以选择一种发酵乳制品进行 AC 处理。给小鼠喂食不同的饮食 6 周：高脂肪（总热量的 660% 来自脂肪；D1）、高膳食纤维（20% 纤维素；D2）和低脂肪（总热量的 17.2% 来自脂肪；D3）饮食，以改变它们的肠道微生物组。随后，将粪便微生物组移植（FMT）到含有 2% 胆固醇的高胆固醇饮食处理的小鼠体内，再进行 AC 或非 AC（无菌自来水，STW）处理。正常饮食（NC）和高胆固醇饮食（PC）对照组均用于 AC 和 STW 处理。所有实验组都进行了血清和肝脏胆固醇、胆固醇代谢相关（CMR）基因表达和肠道微生物组分析。D3-FMT小鼠在接受AC治疗后，胆固醇比率显著提高，肝脏胆固醇水平显著降低。此外，在该组中还观察到 Cyp7a1 基因表达的上调。此外，肠道微生物组分析表明，与其他组相比，D3-FMT + AC 组中产生 BSH 的 Eubacterium、Bifidobacterium 和 Parabacteroides 的丰度更高，这可能有助于胆汁酸合成的增加。

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引用次数: 0