Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250237
The present study reports the structural characteristics of 3 polysaccharide fractions (SPS-F1, SPS-F2 and SPS-F3) isolated and purified from squash. SPS-F1 (molecular weight (Mw) = 12.30 kDa) and SPS-F2 (Mw = 19.40 kDa) were likely to contain HG and RG-I domain of pectic polysaccharide, respectively. SPS-F2 (Mw = 270.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, galactose and arabinose. The treatment with SPS decreased body weight gain, glucose and TG levels in type 2 diabetes rats. Besides, 25 differential metabolites were identified based on urinary metabolomics analysis, which are crucial to the anti-diabetic effect of SPS. The regulation of nicotinamide N-oxide, histamine, cis-aconitate, citrate, L-malic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid were mainly associated with energy metabolism, gut microbiota and inflammation. Study of surface plasmon resonance revealed the binding kinetics with galectin-3 (Gal-3) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The KD values of SPS-F2 and SPS-F3 to Gal-3 were 4.97 × 10-3 and 1.48 × 10-3 mol/L, indicating a weak binding affinity. All 3 fractions showed moderate binding to FGF2 and the affinity was SPS-F3 > SPS-F2 > SPS-F1. Thus, the metabolomics and SPR approach were proved to be a promising tool in exploring the anti-diabetes effects of SPS and provided a deep understanding of the mechanisms.
{"title":"Characterization of squash polysaccharide and the anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rat revealed by urine metabolomics analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250237","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study reports the structural characteristics of 3 polysaccharide fractions (SPS-F1, SPS-F2 and SPS-F3) isolated and purified from squash. SPS-F1 (molecular weight (<em>Mw</em>) = 12.30 kDa) and SPS-F2 (<em>Mw</em> = 19.40 kDa) were likely to contain HG and RG-I domain of pectic polysaccharide, respectively. SPS-F2 (<em>Mw</em> = 270.4 kDa) was mainly composed of rhamnose, galactose and arabinose. The treatment with SPS decreased body weight gain, glucose and TG levels in type 2 diabetes rats. Besides, 25 differential metabolites were identified based on urinary metabolomics analysis, which are crucial to the anti-diabetic effect of SPS. The regulation of nicotinamide <em>N</em>-oxide, histamine, <em>cis</em>-aconitate, citrate, <em>L</em>-malic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and <em>N</em>-acetyl-<em>L</em>-aspartic acid were mainly associated with energy metabolism, gut microbiota and inflammation. Study of surface plasmon resonance revealed the binding kinetics with galectin-3 (Gal-3) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The <em>K</em><sub>D</sub> values of SPS-F2 and SPS-F3 to Gal-3 were 4.97 × 10<sup>-3</sup> and 1.48 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mol/L, indicating a weak binding affinity. All 3 fractions showed moderate binding to FGF2 and the affinity was SPS-F3 > SPS-F2 > SPS-F1. Thus, the metabolomics and SPR approach were proved to be a promising tool in exploring the anti-diabetes effects of SPS and provided a deep understanding of the mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2937-2946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250203
Portulaca oleracea L., commonly known as purslane, is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as “Global Panacea”. As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world, it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential “new crop” due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid), as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals. Accordingly, emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine. This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane, including the nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds, and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations, challenges, and future directions of research. Finally, we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.
{"title":"Nutritional values, bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250203","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Portulaca oleracea</em> L., commonly known as purslane, is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as “Global Panacea”. As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world, it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential “new crop” due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid (<em>α</em>-linolenic acid), as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals. Accordingly, emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine. This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane, including the nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds, and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations, challenges, and future directions of research. Finally, we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2480-2501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250243
Recent research on the genome of Bifidobacterium bifidum has mainly focused on the isolation sources (intestinal tract niche) recently, but reports on the isolation region are limited. This study analyzed the differences in the genome of B. bifidum isolated from different geographical populations by comparative genomic analysis. Results at the genome level indicated that the GC content of American isolates was significantly higher than that of Chinese and Russian isolates. The phylogenetic tree, based on 919 core genes showed that B. bifidum might be related to the geographical characteristics of isolation region. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis demonstrated that copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) involved in the degradation of polysaccharide from plant and host sources in B. bifidum were high, and 18 CAZys showed significant differences across different geographical populations, indicating that B. bifidum had adapted to the human intestinal environment, especially in the groups with diets rich in fiber. Dietary habits were one of the main reasons for the differences of B. bifidum across different geographical populations. Additionally, B. bifidum exhibited high diversity, evident in glycoside hydrolases, the CRISPR-Cas system, and prophages. This study provides a genetic basis for further research and development of B. bifidum.
{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis revealed that dietary habits affected the adaptation of Bifidobacterium bifidum to the intestinal tract in different geographic populations","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250243","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research on the genome of <em>Bifidobacterium bifidum</em> has mainly focused on the isolation sources (intestinal tract niche) recently, but reports on the isolation region are limited. This study analyzed the differences in the genome of <em>B. bifidum</em> isolated from different geographical populations by comparative genomic analysis. Results at the genome level indicated that the GC content of American isolates was significantly higher than that of Chinese and Russian isolates. The phylogenetic tree, based on 919 core genes showed that <em>B. bifidum</em> might be related to the geographical characteristics of isolation region. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis demonstrated that copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) involved in the degradation of polysaccharide from plant and host sources in <em>B. bifidum</em> were high, and 18 CAZys showed significant differences across different geographical populations, indicating that <em>B. bifidum</em> had adapted to the human intestinal environment, especially in the groups with diets rich in fiber. Dietary habits were one of the main reasons for the differences of <em>B. bifidum</em> across different geographical populations. Additionally, <em>B. bifidum</em> exhibited high diversity, evident in glycoside hydrolases, the CRISPR-Cas system, and prophages. This study provides a genetic basis for further research and development of <em>B. bifidum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 3006-3017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202
The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages (FJBs) consumption. In fact, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health risks. In this study, we first integrated 4 systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories, low (minimal), moderate and high. Second, we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary guidelines. Third, we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled trials, and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming FJBs. Deepening the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of diseases. Dietary pattern, nutrients, addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential factors. Finally, we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100 % fruit juices produced by different processing methods. In conclusion, minimally/moderately processed 100 % fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit beverages. The results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.
{"title":"Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages (FJBs) consumption. In fact, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health risks. In this study, we first integrated 4 systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories, low (minimal), moderate and high. Second, we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary guidelines. Third, we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled trials, and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming FJBs. Deepening the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of diseases. Dietary pattern, nutrients, addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential factors. Finally, we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100 % fruit juices produced by different processing methods. In conclusion, minimally/moderately processed 100 % fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit beverages. The results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2456-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250252
Hyemin Oh , Yohan Yoon
This study investigated if the variation in the effect of anti-cholesterol (AC) treatment on individual mice are related to gut microbiome composition. The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of 23 commercial fermented milk products was examined to select a fermented milk product for AC treatment. Mice were fed to different diets for 6 weeks: high-fat (660 % of total calories from fat; D1), high-dietary fibre (20 % cellulose; D2), and low-fat (17.2 % of total calories from fat; D3) diets to change their gut microbiomes. Subsequently, faecal microbiome was transplanted (FMT) into mice treated with high cholesterol diet contained 2 % cholesterol, followed by AC or non-AC (sterile tap water, STW) treatments. Control groups with normal (NC) and high-cholesterol diets (PC) were prepared for both AC and STW treatment. All experimental groups were subjected to serum and liver cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism-related (CMR) gene expression, and intestinal microbiome analyses. D3-FMT mice showed the most significant enhancements in cholesterol ratio and decreased hepatic cholesterol levels with AC treatment. Moreover, upregulation of the Cyp7a1 gene expression was observed in this group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiome analysis indicated higher abundances of BSH-producing Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Parabacteroides in the D3-FMT + AC group compare to others, potentially contributing to increased bile acid synthesis.
本研究探讨了抗胆固醇（AC）治疗对小鼠个体效果的差异是否与肠道微生物组的组成有关。研究人员检测了 23 种商业发酵乳制品的胆盐水解酶（BSH）活性，以选择一种发酵乳制品进行 AC 处理。给小鼠喂食不同的饮食 6 周：高脂肪（总热量的 660% 来自脂肪；D1）、高膳食纤维（20% 纤维素；D2）和低脂肪（总热量的 17.2% 来自脂肪；D3）饮食，以改变它们的肠道微生物组。随后，将粪便微生物组移植（FMT）到含有 2% 胆固醇的高胆固醇饮食处理的小鼠体内，再进行 AC 或非 AC（无菌自来水，STW）处理。正常饮食（NC）和高胆固醇饮食（PC）对照组均用于 AC 和 STW 处理。所有实验组都进行了血清和肝脏胆固醇、胆固醇代谢相关（CMR）基因表达和肠道微生物组分析。D3-FMT小鼠在接受AC治疗后，胆固醇比率显著提高，肝脏胆固醇水平显著降低。此外，在该组中还观察到 Cyp7a1 基因表达的上调。此外，肠道微生物组分析表明，与其他组相比，D3-FMT + AC 组中产生 BSH 的 Eubacterium、Bifidobacterium 和 Parabacteroides 的丰度更高，这可能有助于胆汁酸合成的增加。
{"title":"Influence of gut microbiome composition on effect variations of anti-cholesterol treatment among individual mice","authors":"Hyemin Oh , Yohan Yoon","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250252","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated if the variation in the effect of anti-cholesterol (AC) treatment on individual mice are related to gut microbiome composition. The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity of 23 commercial fermented milk products was examined to select a fermented milk product for AC treatment. Mice were fed to different diets for 6 weeks: high-fat (660 % of total calories from fat; D1), high-dietary fibre (20 % cellulose; D2), and low-fat (17.2 % of total calories from fat; D3) diets to change their gut microbiomes. Subsequently, faecal microbiome was transplanted (FMT) into mice treated with high cholesterol diet contained 2 % cholesterol, followed by AC or non-AC (sterile tap water, STW) treatments. Control groups with normal (NC) and high-cholesterol diets (PC) were prepared for both AC and STW treatment. All experimental groups were subjected to serum and liver cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism-related (CMR) gene expression, and intestinal microbiome analyses. D3-FMT mice showed the most significant enhancements in cholesterol ratio and decreased hepatic cholesterol levels with AC treatment. Moreover, upregulation of the <em>Cyp7a1</em> gene expression was observed in this group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiome analysis indicated higher abundances of BSH-producing <em>Eubacterium</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, and <em>Parabacteroides</em> in the D3-FMT + AC group compare to others, potentially contributing to increased bile acid synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 3054-3065"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250249
Nan Shang , Xiaoyu Bao , Michael Doschak , Jianping Wu
Ovotransferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, accounting for approximately 12 % of egg white protein, is a member of transferrin family. Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity. The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight, food intake and organ weight. After 12-week treatment, feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1 % (1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet) prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture. The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups, while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased. Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-α and IL-6, which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation. In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover, ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis, and regulating immune response. Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.
{"title":"Oral administration of egg white ovotransferrin prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats","authors":"Nan Shang , Xiaoyu Bao , Michael Doschak , Jianping Wu","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250249","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovotransferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, accounting for approximately 12 % of egg white protein, is a member of transferrin family. Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity. The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight, food intake and organ weight. After 12-week treatment, feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1 % (1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet) prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture. The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups, while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased. Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-α and IL-6, which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation. In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover, ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis, and regulating immune response. Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2562-2572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250233
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products. However, few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple S. thermophilus strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host. In the present study, we investigated how four S. thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota, mucin changes, and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice. The results indicated that the consumption of S. thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity. Among four S. thermophilus strains, DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61, especially DQHXNQ38M61, had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6. Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6, which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61. The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Lactobacillus only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group, had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism. In addition, DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreased α-fucosidase activity in feces, and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S. thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree, and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction, which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host. Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S. thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S. thermophilus based on strain varieties.
{"title":"Strain-specific effect of Streptococcus thermophilus consumption on host physiology","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250233","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em> is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products. However, few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple <em>S. thermophilus</em> strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host. In the present study, we investigated how four <em>S. thermophilus</em> strains influenced the gut microbiota, mucin changes, and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice. The results indicated that the consumption of <em>S. thermophilus</em> affected the host with strain specificity. Among four <em>S. thermophilus</em> strains, DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61, especially DQHXNQ38M61, had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6. Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6, which may be related to the elevation of intestinal <em>Bifidobacterium</em> by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61. The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and <em>Lactobacillus</em> only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group, had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism. In addition, DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreased <em>α</em>-fucosidase activity in feces, and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four <em>S. thermophilus</em> strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree, and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction, which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host. Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different <em>S. thermophilus</em> strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of <em>S. thermophilus</em> based on strain varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2876-2888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250227
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Rh) and Lactobacillus reuteri (Re) are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research. The variations between these species’ efficacy against colitis, and their model of action in this regard, are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients. In this study, four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced. The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune, physical, chemical, and biological barrier function. Strikingly, the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration. Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis. Nevertheless, Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors; promoting production of intestinal mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and tight junction proteins; and supporting the stem cell compartment. This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains. In addition, the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism- and prophage-related genes, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.
鼠李糖乳杆菌（Rh）和罗伊氏乳杆菌（Re）是炎症性肠病（IBD）研究中著名的益生菌。这两种益生菌对结肠炎的疗效及其作用模式之间的差异十分有趣，可为患者提供个性化治疗。在这项研究中，从粪便样本中分离出了 Rh 和 Re 各四株菌株，并对它们的基因组草案进行了测序。这两种菌株的抗结肠炎活性涉及肠道免疫、物理、化学和生物屏障功能的各个方面。引人注目的是，受试菌株在改善结肠炎方面表现出相当大的种间和种内特异性。在短链脂肪酸合成方面，Rh 菌株明显优于 Re 菌株。然而，在抑制炎症因子的产生、促进肠粘液、抗菌肽和紧密连接蛋白的产生以及支持干细胞区系方面，Re 菌株比 Rh 菌株更有效。这就是 Re 菌株抗结肠炎效果优于 Rh 菌株的原因。此外，还发现有效的 Rh 和 Re 菌株分别表达高浓度的特定碳水化合物代谢基因和噬菌体相关基因。综上所述，这项研究的结果有助于研究人员开发治疗肠道疾病的有效疗法。
{"title":"Amelioration of dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice by treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri: intraspecific and interspecific patterns","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250227","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> (Rh) and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> (Re) are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research. The variations between these species’ efficacy against colitis, and their model of action in this regard, are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients. In this study, four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced. The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune, physical, chemical, and biological barrier function. Strikingly, the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration. Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis. Nevertheless, Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors; promoting production of intestinal mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and tight junction proteins; and supporting the stem cell compartment. This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains. In addition, the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism- and prophage-related genes, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2799-2812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135372289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250242
The cold plasma (CP) technique was applied to alleviate the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in this investigation. Two different CP treatments methods were implemented in the production of beef patties, to investigate their inhibition and degradation capacity on PAHs. With 5 different cooking oils and fats addition, the inhibition mechanism of in-package cold plasma (ICP) pretreatment was explored from the aspect of raw patties fatty acids composition variation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components accounted for more than 80 % of the total variation in the original data, indicating that the content of saturated fatty acids was significantly positively correlated with the formation of PAHs. ICP pretreatment inhibited the formation of PAHs by changing the composition of fatty acids, which showed that the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased and the total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. Sensory discrimination tests demonstrated there were discernable differences between 2 CP treated samples and the controls, utilization of the ICP pretreatment in meat products processing was expected to achieve satisfying eating quality. In conclusion, CP treatment degraded PAHs through stepwise ring-opening oxidation in 2 reported pathways, the toxicity of PAHs contaminated products was alleviated after CP treatment.
{"title":"Mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roasted beef patties by cold plasma treatment and products quality evaluation","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250242","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cold plasma (CP) technique was applied to alleviate the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in this investigation. Two different CP treatments methods were implemented in the production of beef patties, to investigate their inhibition and degradation capacity on PAHs. With 5 different cooking oils and fats addition, the inhibition mechanism of in-package cold plasma (ICP) pretreatment was explored from the aspect of raw patties fatty acids composition variation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components accounted for more than 80 % of the total variation in the original data, indicating that the content of saturated fatty acids was significantly positively correlated with the formation of PAHs. ICP pretreatment inhibited the formation of PAHs by changing the composition of fatty acids, which showed that the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased and the total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. Sensory discrimination tests demonstrated there were discernable differences between 2 CP treated samples and the controls, utilization of the ICP pretreatment in meat products processing was expected to achieve satisfying eating quality. In conclusion, CP treatment degraded PAHs through stepwise ring-opening oxidation in 2 reported pathways, the toxicity of PAHs contaminated products was alleviated after CP treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2993-3005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250241
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) can bypass DNA lesions caused by chemotherapeutic drugs, which usually result in drug resistance. Given its key role in mutagenesis and cell survival after DNA damage, inhibition of the TLS pathway has emerged as a potential target for improving the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin (CDDP), a widely used anticancer agent. Unfortunately, few suitable natural TLS inhibitors have been reported. Here, we found that a triterpenoid compound Ganoboninketal C (26-3) from Ganoderma boninense, a traditional Chinese medicine, can impair CDDP-induced TLS polymerase eta (Polη) focus formation, PCNA monoubiquitination as well as mutagenesis. Moreover, 26-3 can significantly sensitize tumor cells to CDDP killing and reduce the proportion of cancer stem cells in AGS and promote apoptosis after CDDP exposure. Interestingly, 26-3 can also sensitize tumor cells to Gefitinib therapy. Mechanistically, through RNA-seq analysis, we found that 26-3 could abrogate the CDDP-induced upregulation of Polη and PIDD (p53-induced protein with a death domain), 2 known factors promoting TLS pathway. Furthermore, we found that activating transcription factor 3 is a potential novel TLS modulator. Taken together, we have identified a natural TLS inhibitor 26-3, which can be potentially used as an adjuvant to improve clinical efficacy.
转座子 DNA 合成（TLS）可以绕过化疗药物造成的 DNA 损伤，而这种损伤通常会导致耐药性。鉴于 TLS 在 DNA 损伤后的诱变和细胞存活中的关键作用，抑制 TLS 途径已成为提高 DNA 损伤药物（如广泛使用的抗癌药物顺铂（CDDP））疗效的潜在靶点。遗憾的是，目前鲜有合适的天然 TLS 抑制剂的报道。在这里，我们发现一种来自传统中药灵芝的三萜类化合物 Ganoboninketal C（26-3）可以损害 CDDP 诱导的 TLS 聚合酶 eta（Polη）病灶形成、PCNA 单泛素化以及诱变。此外，26-3 还能在 CDDP 暴露后使肿瘤细胞对 CDDP 杀灭显著敏感，并降低 AGS 中癌症干细胞的比例，促进细胞凋亡。有趣的是，26-3 还能使肿瘤细胞对吉非替尼治疗敏感。从机理上讲，通过RNA-seq分析，我们发现26-3可以抑制CDDP诱导的Polη和PIDD（具有死亡结构域的p53诱导蛋白）的上调，而Polη和PIDD是两种已知的促进TLS通路的因子。此外，我们还发现激活转录因子 3 是一种潜在的新型 TLS 调节因子。综上所述，我们发现了一种天然的 TLS 抑制剂 26-3，它有可能被用作提高临床疗效的辅助剂。
{"title":"Ganoboninketal C from Ganoderma boninense improves the efficacy of CDDP-based chemotherapy through inhibiting translesion DNA synthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250241","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) can bypass DNA lesions caused by chemotherapeutic drugs, which usually result in drug resistance. Given its key role in mutagenesis and cell survival after DNA damage, inhibition of the TLS pathway has emerged as a potential target for improving the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin (CDDP), a widely used anticancer agent. Unfortunately, few suitable natural TLS inhibitors have been reported. Here, we found that a triterpenoid compound Ganoboninketal C (26-3) from <em>Ganoderma boninense</em>, a traditional Chinese medicine, can impair CDDP-induced TLS polymerase eta (Polη) focus formation, PCNA monoubiquitination as well as mutagenesis. Moreover, 26-3 can significantly sensitize tumor cells to CDDP killing and reduce the proportion of cancer stem cells in AGS and promote apoptosis after CDDP exposure. Interestingly, 26-3 can also sensitize tumor cells to Gefitinib therapy. Mechanistically, through RNA-seq analysis, we found that 26-3 could abrogate the CDDP-induced upregulation of Polη and PIDD (p53-induced protein with a death domain), 2 known factors promoting TLS pathway. Furthermore, we found that activating transcription factor 3 is a potential novel TLS modulator. Taken together, we have identified a natural TLS inhibitor 26-3, which can be potentially used as an adjuvant to improve clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 2982-2992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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