Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108392
Mengmei Xu, Xuemin Qin, Hongmin Zhen, Chen Tan
Although probiotics have many health benefits, they are easily affected by the environment factors during storage and digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a decrease or even loss of their vitality. Prebiotics have the ability to improve the survival rate and stability of probiotics, and realize their controlled release in the intestinal tract through encapsulation technology. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of prebiotic-based delivery systems for probiotics. Both the oligosaccharides and polysaccharides that can function as both prebiotics and encapsulants are discussed. Particularly, the formation, structure, stabilizing effect, and modulation mechanism on intestinal microbiota homeostasis are described. The combination of various prebiotics for synergistic effects is also proposed. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, and future directions are highlighted.
{"title":"Recent advances in prebiotic-based delivery systems for probiotics: encapsulation, protection, and gut microbiota modulation","authors":"Mengmei Xu, Xuemin Qin, Hongmin Zhen, Chen Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although probiotics have many health benefits, they are easily affected by the environment factors during storage and digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a decrease or even loss of their vitality. Prebiotics have the ability to improve the survival rate and stability of probiotics, and realize their controlled release in the intestinal tract through encapsulation technology. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of prebiotic-based delivery systems for probiotics. Both the oligosaccharides and polysaccharides that can function as both prebiotics and encapsulants are discussed. Particularly, the formation, structure, stabilizing effect, and modulation mechanism on intestinal microbiota homeostasis are described. The combination of various prebiotics for synergistic effects is also proposed. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, and future directions are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates the development of an innovative membrane for the treatment of saline wastewater, with a specific focus on sodium ion removal. The deposition of Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) amyloid nanofibrils (ANFs) onto electrospun cellulose acetate membranes (CAMs) significantly enhanced sodium ion removal efficiency. ANFs were synthesized from a 4 % w/v SPI solution at 85 °C for durations of 12, 18, and 24 h, resulting in the formation of fibrils with 57 nm, 97 nm, and 250 nm, respectively. The formation of fibrils was confirmed through atomic force microscopy, CD-spectroscopy, and FTIR, which demonstrated a structural change from an alpha-helix-rich to a beta-sheet-enhanced configuration (as quantified by CD spectral deconvolution) during the fibrillation process. Electrospun CAMs were immersed in fibril-containing solutions for 2 and 5 min. Filtration assessments revealed that fibrils produced with a mean diameter of 57 nm and a 5 min immersion time achieved the highest sodium rejection rate ( 15.90 %) representing a greater than threefold increase compared to the unmodified control membrane, which exhibited a sodium rejection rate of 4.4 %. Contact angle measurements revealed that the incorporation of these smaller fibrils led to a significant enhancement in surface hydrophilicity, decreasing the contact angle from 136.1° to 73.3°. Although sodium rejection remained modest (15.9 %), the study demonstrates a proof-of-concept that soy protein fibrils can modulate membrane hydrophilicity and surface morphology. The approach shows potential as a pretreatment or ion-selective tuning strategy but requires further optimization for desalination applications.
{"title":"Soy protein amyloid nanofibrils on electrospun cellulose acetate membranes for enhanced sodium ion removal","authors":"Elham Darvishvand , Javad Sargolzaei , Bahareh Emadzadeh , Behrouz Ghorani","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the development of an innovative membrane for the treatment of saline wastewater, with a specific focus on sodium ion removal. The deposition of Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) amyloid nanofibrils (ANFs) onto electrospun cellulose acetate membranes (CAMs) significantly enhanced sodium ion removal efficiency. ANFs were synthesized from a 4 % w/v SPI solution at 85 °C for durations of 12, 18, and 24 h, resulting in the formation of fibrils with 57 nm, 97 nm, and 250 nm, respectively. The formation of fibrils was confirmed through atomic force microscopy, CD-spectroscopy, and FTIR, which demonstrated a structural change from an alpha-helix-rich to a beta-sheet-enhanced configuration (as quantified by CD spectral deconvolution) during the fibrillation process. Electrospun CAMs were immersed in fibril-containing solutions for 2 and 5 min. Filtration assessments revealed that fibrils produced with a mean diameter of 57 nm and a 5 min immersion time achieved the highest sodium rejection rate (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 15.90 %) representing a greater than threefold increase compared to the unmodified control membrane, which exhibited a sodium rejection rate of 4.4 %. Contact angle measurements revealed that the incorporation of these smaller fibrils led to a significant enhancement in surface hydrophilicity, decreasing the contact angle from 136.1° to 73.3°. Although sodium rejection remained modest (15.9 %), the study demonstrates a proof-of-concept that soy protein fibrils can modulate membrane hydrophilicity and surface morphology. The approach shows potential as a pretreatment or ion-selective tuning strategy but requires further optimization for desalination applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108419
Yunxia Yang , Fengshuang Pan , Jianmeng Zhu , Ming Jiang , Chunhui Wei , Xuelian Huang , Xiangyong Zeng , Xia Liao , Wenying Fang , Shuyi Qiu , Dounan Li
The fermentation quality of High-temperature Daqu (HTD) shows marked heterogeneity, yet the underlying mechanisms driving these variations still require exploration. This study employed multidimensional technologies, including amplification sequencing and flavoromics, to investigate the quality differences among six typical HTDs from Guizhou Province and the driving mechanisms behind these variations. The result of physicochemical analysis indicates that the six HTDs show marked functional differentiation, such as the high fermentation/esterification type Daqu and the highly saccharified type Daqu. 19 specific microbial markers, including Weissella and Bacillus at genera level (linear discriminant analysis, LDA >4), were identified. The formation of these markers was found to be primarily influenced by average annual precipitation and maximum temperature of fermentation HTD. Flavoromics analysis identified 36 flavor markers in HTD, with pyrazines being the representative compound. Concurrently, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine was confirmed as the pyrazine compound with the most marked sensory differences among six HTDs. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that region-specific microbial markers (e.g. Weissella, Oceanobacillus, Bacillus, and Monascus) are closely linked to the formation of differences in key physicochemical indicators (e.g. acidity and esterifying power), as well as flavor compounds (e.g. pyrazines, alcohols, and aldehydes) among six HTDs. Preliminary findings from this study suggest that the different distributions of microbial communities resulting from climatic conditions and Daqu-making techniques were the primary drivers of heterogeneity in HTD quality. The clarification of this driving mechanism provides crucial scientific indication for the future targeted optimization of HTD quality through regulation of technical parameters and functional microbiota.
{"title":"Multidimensional analysis of the microbiota and fermentation quality of High-temperature Daqu from six distilleries in Guizhou Province","authors":"Yunxia Yang , Fengshuang Pan , Jianmeng Zhu , Ming Jiang , Chunhui Wei , Xuelian Huang , Xiangyong Zeng , Xia Liao , Wenying Fang , Shuyi Qiu , Dounan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fermentation quality of <em>High-temperature Daqu</em> (HTD) shows marked heterogeneity, yet the underlying mechanisms driving these variations still require exploration. This study employed multidimensional technologies, including amplification sequencing and flavoromics, to investigate the quality differences among six typical HTDs from Guizhou Province and the driving mechanisms behind these variations. The result of physicochemical analysis indicates that the six HTDs show marked functional differentiation, such as the high fermentation/esterification type <em>Daqu</em> and the highly saccharified type <em>Daqu</em>. 19 specific microbial markers, including <em>Weissella</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> at genera level (linear discriminant analysis, LDA >4), were identified. The formation of these markers was found to be primarily influenced by average annual precipitation and maximum temperature of fermentation HTD. Flavoromics analysis identified 36 flavor markers in HTD, with pyrazines being the representative compound. Concurrently, 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine was confirmed as the pyrazine compound with the most marked sensory differences among six HTDs. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that region-specific microbial markers (e.g. <em>Weissella</em>, <em>Oceanobacillus</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, and <em>Monascus</em>) are closely linked to the formation of differences in key physicochemical indicators (e.g. acidity and esterifying power), as well as flavor compounds (e.g. pyrazines, alcohols, and aldehydes) among six HTDs. Preliminary findings from this study suggest that the different distributions of microbial communities resulting from climatic conditions and <em>Daqu</em>-making techniques were the primary drivers of heterogeneity in HTD quality. The clarification of this driving mechanism provides crucial scientific indication for the future targeted optimization of HTD quality through regulation of technical parameters and functional microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108415
Qing Kang , Chenjing Ma , Yidi Liu , Xin Yu , Tong Lin , Jingbo Jiao , Yukun Huang , Shuo Wang , Xinjun Du
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that poses a serious threat to global public health and economic stability. Timely and reliable detection of Salmonella is essential for the effective prevention of foodborne diseases. Herein, a novel ultrasensitive smartphone-based colorimetric aptasensor for Salmonella was reported, leveraging both the strong signal amplification capability of cascade signal amplification technology and the high efficiency of Zr@Cys-Cu dual-enzyme catalysis (with phosphatase-like and laccase-like activities). The exponential amplification (EXPAR) could be specific triggered by Salmonella to form single-stranded target DNA, which further initiated the catalytic hairpin reaction (CHA), leading to the coupling of Fe3O4 and Zr@Cys-Cu. After magnetic separation, the collected Fe3O4-Zr@Cys-Cu was used for colorimetric detection, and the final colorimetric signal was processed by a smartphone. The Fe3O4-Zr@Cys-Cu aptasensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting Salmonella, with a linear range of 3 × 10°-3 × 105 CFU/mL and a detection limit of 3 × 100 CFU/mL. The entire detection process can be completed within 2 h. The system demonstrates the ability to detect analytes in complex sample matrices. Coupled with the portability of smartphones, this aptasensor emerges as a powerful tool for point-of-care testing (POCT), holding broad application potential.
{"title":"Smartphone-assisted portable colorimetric detection of Salmonella based on a dual signal amplification mediated nanozyme cascade aptasensor","authors":"Qing Kang , Chenjing Ma , Yidi Liu , Xin Yu , Tong Lin , Jingbo Jiao , Yukun Huang , Shuo Wang , Xinjun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is a major foodborne pathogen that poses a serious threat to global public health and economic stability. Timely and reliable detection of <em>Salmonella</em> is essential for the effective prevention of foodborne diseases. Herein, a novel ultrasensitive smartphone-based colorimetric aptasensor for <em>Salmonella</em> was reported, leveraging both the strong signal amplification capability of cascade signal amplification technology and the high efficiency of Zr@Cys-Cu dual-enzyme catalysis (with phosphatase-like and laccase-like activities). The exponential amplification (EXPAR) could be specific triggered by <em>Salmonella</em> to form single-stranded target DNA, which further initiated the catalytic hairpin reaction (CHA), leading to the coupling of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Zr@Cys-Cu. After magnetic separation, the collected Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Zr@Cys-Cu was used for colorimetric detection, and the final colorimetric signal was processed by a smartphone. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Zr@Cys-Cu aptasensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting <em>Salmonella</em>, with a linear range of 3 × 10°-3 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL and a detection limit of 3 × 10<sup>0</sup> CFU/mL. The entire detection process can be completed within 2 h. The system demonstrates the ability to detect analytes in complex sample matrices. Coupled with the portability of smartphones, this aptasensor emerges as a powerful tool for point-of-care testing (POCT), holding broad application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108383
Shumin Zhang , Xiuqi Xia , Kexin Zou , Jie Wei , Min Chen , Xiaomei Chen
Dual-signal/dual-target strategies boost biosensor accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we integrated square wave voltammetry (SWV) with photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques to develop a dual-signal biosensor for simultaneous detection of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and Arachis hypogaea allergen 1 (Ara h1). HOF-101 and ferrocene acted as PEC and SWV signal generators, while G-quadruplex/hemin served as PEC amplifier. BLG triggered release of ferrocene-modified In1 (Fer-In1), which unfolded G-quadruplex-modified hairpin H1 to expose hemin-binding sites, forming G-quadruplex/hemin complex that amplified PEC signal; meanwhile, ferrocene's SWV signal positively correlated with BLG concentration. Ara h1 induced Fer-In2 release and its binding to H1, achieving analogous signal amplification. The biosensor showed good linearity for BLG (20–2000 ng/mL) and Ara h1 (20–200 ng/mL), with detection limits of 12 ng/mL and 14 ng/mL, respectively, providing a robust tool for multiplex allergen detection in food safety and clinical diagnostics.
{"title":"Dual-signal photoelectrochemical/square wave voltammetric biosensor for simultaneous detection of β-lactoglobulin and Ara h1","authors":"Shumin Zhang , Xiuqi Xia , Kexin Zou , Jie Wei , Min Chen , Xiaomei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-signal/dual-target strategies boost biosensor accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we integrated square wave voltammetry (SWV) with photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques to develop a dual-signal biosensor for simultaneous detection of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and <em>Arachis hypogaea</em> allergen 1 (Ara h1). HOF-101 and ferrocene acted as PEC and SWV signal generators, while G-quadruplex/hemin served as PEC amplifier. BLG triggered release of ferrocene-modified In1 (Fer-In1), which unfolded G-quadruplex-modified hairpin H1 to expose hemin-binding sites, forming G-quadruplex/hemin complex that amplified PEC signal; meanwhile, ferrocene's SWV signal positively correlated with BLG concentration. Ara h1 induced Fer-In2 release and its binding to H1, achieving analogous signal amplification. The biosensor showed good linearity for BLG (20–2000 ng/mL) and Ara h1 (20–200 ng/mL), with detection limits of 12 ng/mL and 14 ng/mL, respectively, providing a robust tool for multiplex allergen detection in food safety and clinical diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108383"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108398
Jiani Ji , Lixuan Wang , Tao Sun, Weijia Sun, Yuting Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Nandi Zhou
The pervasive environmental contamination resulting from the indiscriminate application of pesticides necessitates the development of rapid and highly sensitive detection methodologies. In this study, a flexible three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (3D-SERS) platform was developed by embedding morphologically optimized gold nanostars (GNS) into a porous bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) matrix. The BNC scaffold's mechanical flexibility, high surface area, and nanofibrillar network enabled analyte enrichment, while the sharp-tipped GNS generated intense electromagnetic hotspots via localized surface plasmon resonance. Through systematic optimization, BNC-GNS substrate exhibited high SERS performance, achieving low detection limits of 1.03 ng mL−1 for acetamiprid and 1.33 ng mL−1 for phoxim, alongside a wide linear range. The 3D-SERS platform demonstrated remarkable stability, with a signal variation RSD of only 2.61% over 35 days, and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.93%). Furthermore, the practical applicability was validated by detecting pesticide residues in spiked corn and soy flour samples, achieving recoveries of 92.43–104.91% (RSD below 2.91%). This work provides a robust, flexible SERS solution for pesticide monitoring in environmental and food safety applications.
滥用农药造成的普遍环境污染要求发展快速和高度敏感的检测方法。在这项研究中，通过在多孔细菌纳米纤维素（BNC）基质中嵌入形态优化的金纳米星（GNS），建立了一个柔性的三维表面增强拉曼散射（3D-SERS）平台。BNC支架的机械灵活性、高表面积和纳米纤维网络使分析物富集，而尖端GNS通过局部表面等离子体共振产生强烈的电磁热点。通过系统优化，BNC-GNS底物具有较高的SERS性能，对啶虫脒和辛硫磷的检出限分别为1.03 ng mL−1和1.33 ng mL−1，且线性范围宽。3D-SERS平台表现出显著的稳定性，35天内信号变化的RSD仅为2.61%，批间重现性极佳（RSD = 2.93%）。通过对加标玉米和大豆粉样品中农药残留的检测，验证了该方法的实用性，回收率为92.43 ~ 104.91% （RSD < 2.91%）。这项工作为环境和食品安全应用中的农药监测提供了一个强大、灵活的SERS解决方案。
{"title":"A high-performance 3D-SERS platform based on bacterial nanocellulose and gold nanostars for pesticide analysis","authors":"Jiani Ji , Lixuan Wang , Tao Sun, Weijia Sun, Yuting Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Nandi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive environmental contamination resulting from the indiscriminate application of pesticides necessitates the development of rapid and highly sensitive detection methodologies. In this study, a flexible three-dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (3D-SERS) platform was developed by embedding morphologically optimized gold nanostars (GNS) into a porous bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) matrix. The BNC scaffold's mechanical flexibility, high surface area, and nanofibrillar network enabled analyte enrichment, while the sharp-tipped GNS generated intense electromagnetic hotspots via localized surface plasmon resonance. Through systematic optimization, BNC-GNS substrate exhibited high SERS performance, achieving low detection limits of 1.03 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> for acetamiprid and 1.33 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> for phoxim, alongside a wide linear range. The 3D-SERS platform demonstrated remarkable stability, with a signal variation RSD of only 2.61% over 35 days, and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.93%). Furthermore, the practical applicability was validated by detecting pesticide residues in spiked corn and soy flour samples, achieving recoveries of 92.43–104.91% (RSD below 2.91%). This work provides a robust, flexible SERS solution for pesticide monitoring in environmental and food safety applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial co-culture fermentation is a well-established strategy to enhance the quality of fermented foods. This study investigated the effects of a selected pigment-producing Bacillus velezensis YM-3 and Aspergillus oryzae MJ-2, used individually or in co-culture, on the physicochemical characteristics and flavor compounds of broad bean paste during a 30-day fermentation. The results showed that co-culture fermentation moderated the pH decrease and significantly increased the reducing sugar and amino acid nitrogen contents. Notably, co-culture with B. velezensis YM-3 brightened the reddish-yellow color of the broad bean paste. Metabolite analysis revealed that co-culture increased the production of lactic and malic acids while reducing oxalic and succinic acids. Furthermore, co-culture significantly increased the overall abundance of volatile flavor compounds, particularly esters and alcohols. The relative abundance of beneficial flavor metabolites, including 2-ethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, linalool, isobutyric acid 1-methylbutyl ester, and 1-phenyl-1-pentanone, were markedly enhanced, whereas undesirable compounds such as n-hexanal and phenol were reduced. These results demonstrate that co-culture fermentation with B. velezensis YM-3 and A. oryzae MJ-2 effectively improves the overall quality of broad bean paste, highlighting the potential of B. velezensis YM-3 as a starter culture for the fermented food industry.
微生物共培养发酵是提高发酵食品质量的一种行之有效的策略。本研究研究了一种产色素芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis） m -3和米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae MJ-2）单独或共培养在30天的发酵过程中对蚕豆酱理化特性和风味成分的影响。结果表明，共培养发酵减缓了pH的下降，显著提高了还原糖和氨基酸氮的含量。值得注意的是，与B. velezensis m -3共培养使豆沙的红黄色变亮。代谢物分析表明，共培养增加了乳酸和苹果酸的产量，同时减少了草酸和琥珀酸的产量。此外，共培养显著增加了挥发性风味化合物的总体丰度，特别是酯类和醇类。有益风味代谢物，包括2-乙基酚、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、芳樟醇、异丁酸1-甲基丁基酯和1-苯基-1-戊酮的相对丰度显著增加，而不良化合物如正己醛和苯酚的相对丰度则减少。综上所示，与扁豆芽孢杆菌m -3和米芽孢杆菌MJ-2共培养发酵能有效提高豆瓣酱的整体品质，突出了扁豆芽孢杆菌m -3作为发酵食品工业发酵剂的潜力。
{"title":"Enhancing the physicochemical and flavor profile of broad bean paste through co-culture fermentation with pigment-producing Bacillus velezensis and Aspergillus oryzae","authors":"Mamin Yue , Qing Zhang , Zihan He , Yu Qiu , Xiaomei Cheng , Qin Zhang , Jie Tang , Wenliang Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial co-culture fermentation is a well-established strategy to enhance the quality of fermented foods. This study investigated the effects of a selected pigment-producing <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> YM-3 and <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> MJ-2, used individually or in co-culture, on the physicochemical characteristics and flavor compounds of broad bean paste during a 30-day fermentation. The results showed that co-culture fermentation moderated the pH decrease and significantly increased the reducing sugar and amino acid nitrogen contents. Notably, co-culture with <em>B. velezensis</em> YM-3 brightened the reddish-yellow color of the broad bean paste. Metabolite analysis revealed that co-culture increased the production of lactic and malic acids while reducing oxalic and succinic acids. Furthermore, co-culture significantly increased the overall abundance of volatile flavor compounds, particularly esters and alcohols. The relative abundance of beneficial flavor metabolites, including 2-ethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, linalool, isobutyric acid 1-methylbutyl ester, and 1-phenyl-1-pentanone, were markedly enhanced, whereas undesirable compounds such as n-hexanal and phenol were reduced. These results demonstrate that co-culture fermentation with <em>B. velezensis</em> YM-3 and <em>A. oryzae</em> MJ-2 effectively improves the overall quality of broad bean paste, highlighting the potential of <em>B. velezensis</em> YM-3 as a starter culture for the fermented food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquatic product preservation is increasingly threatened by spoilage bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study establishes a dual-action biocontrol strategy combining Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 103-1 cell-free supernatant (CFS) with lytic bacteriophage P37. The CFS, enriched in organic, phenolic, and short-chain fatty acids, inhibited P. aeruginosa PAO1 growth and reduced biofilm biomass by ∼62%. It also decreased pyocyanin and rhamnolipid levels by ∼20% and ∼23%, respectively. Phage P37 exhibited broad thermal (4–50 °C) and pH (4–11) stability and strong lytic activity, with a burst size of 185 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell. Combined treatment with 10% CFS and P37 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 eradicated PAO1 within 12 h and reduced perch bacterial load by 55% over 9 days at 4 °C, outperforming either treatment alone. The findings suggested that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolites disrupted bacterial motility and biofilms, enhancing phage susceptibility and providing a sustainable alternative to chemical preservatives in aquatic product preservation.
{"title":"Synergistic control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by LAB and phage for sustainable aquatic preservation","authors":"Siming Xue , Kairui Zhao , Rui Dong, Haichen Li, Ruizi Wang, Wei Cheng, Yuqi Fan, Qin Zhang, Ziyi Xue, Yujin Wu, Jun Zhang, Yanmei Sun, Shiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic product preservation is increasingly threatened by spoilage bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. This study establishes a dual-action biocontrol strategy combining <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> 103-1 cell-free supernatant (CFS) with lytic bacteriophage P37. The CFS, enriched in organic, phenolic, and short-chain fatty acids, inhibited <em>P. aeruginosa</em> PAO1 growth and reduced biofilm biomass by ∼62%. It also decreased pyocyanin and rhamnolipid levels by ∼20% and ∼23%, respectively. Phage P37 exhibited broad thermal (4–50 °C) and pH (4–11) stability and strong lytic activity, with a burst size of 185 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell. Combined treatment with 10% CFS and P37 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 eradicated PAO1 within 12 h and reduced perch bacterial load by 55% over 9 days at 4 °C, outperforming either treatment alone. The findings suggested that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolites disrupted bacterial motility and biofilms, enhancing phage susceptibility and providing a sustainable alternative to chemical preservatives in aquatic product preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108355
Changxia Yu , Mengke Zhang , Chuanhua Li, Qin Dong, Lin Yang, Lei Zha, Qian Guo, Yan Zhao
To investigate the aroma divergence between Lentinula edodes strain 808 and its mutant ww808, this study combined gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) with multivariate analysis to compare their volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles during fruiting body development. Integrated analyses of dynamic fatty acids, lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway enzymes, and gene expression were conducted. The results indicated that differences in eight-carbon (C8) compounds, aldehydes, and alcohols underlie their distinct aroma profiles. C18:1n9 and C18:2 were important aroma precursors. Although ww808 exhibited higher C18:2 levels, its LOX gene expression and enzyme activity were generally lower than those in strain 808 during the growth process, resulting in a limited downstream conversion efficiency of aroma precursors through the LOX pathway in this strain. Concurrently, the expression levels of alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) (especially ADH3 and ADH4) in ww808 were significantly upregulated during the later stage of fruiting body growth, facilitating the efficient conversion of aldehydes into alcohols and ketones with higher odor thresholds. This was typically reflected by the higher abundance of aldehydes such as hexanal-D and butanal in strain 808 during the maturation stage, whereas ww808 accumulated more alcohol/ketone compounds such as 3-methyl-1-butanol-D and 2-methyl-3-heptanone. The generally higher odor thresholds of alcohols contributed to the reduced aroma intensity in ww808. This study revealed the regulatory network of aroma formation in L. edodes at the levels of metabolites, precursors, and genes, providing a theoretical foundation and potential candidate genes for the directional improvement of aroma quality.
{"title":"Unraveling the aroma divergence in two Lentinula edodes strains: A comprehensive analysis of dynamic volatiles, fatty acids, and LOX pathway gene expression","authors":"Changxia Yu , Mengke Zhang , Chuanhua Li, Qin Dong, Lin Yang, Lei Zha, Qian Guo, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the aroma divergence between <em>Lentinula edodes</em> strain 808 and its mutant ww808, this study combined gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) with multivariate analysis to compare their volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles during fruiting body development. Integrated analyses of dynamic fatty acids, lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway enzymes, and gene expression were conducted. The results indicated that differences in eight-carbon (C<sub>8</sub>) compounds, aldehydes, and alcohols underlie their distinct aroma profiles. C18:1n9 and C18:2 were important aroma precursors. Although ww808 exhibited higher C18:2 levels, its <em>LOX</em> gene expression and enzyme activity were generally lower than those in strain 808 during the growth process, resulting in a limited downstream conversion efficiency of aroma precursors through the LOX pathway in this strain. Concurrently, the expression levels of alcohol dehydrogenase genes (<em>ADHs</em>) (especially <em>ADH3</em> and <em>ADH4</em>) in ww808 were significantly upregulated during the later stage of fruiting body growth, facilitating the efficient conversion of aldehydes into alcohols and ketones with higher odor thresholds. This was typically reflected by the higher abundance of aldehydes such as hexanal-D and butanal in strain 808 during the maturation stage, whereas ww808 accumulated more alcohol/ketone compounds such as 3-methyl-1-butanol-D and 2-methyl-3-heptanone. The generally higher odor thresholds of alcohols contributed to the reduced aroma intensity in ww808. This study revealed the regulatory network of aroma formation in <em>L. edodes</em> at the levels of metabolites, precursors, and genes, providing a theoretical foundation and potential candidate genes for the directional improvement of aroma quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phycocyanin (PC), a blue fluorescent pigment–protein derived from Spirulina, possesses potent antioxidant and anticancer activities, yet large-scale production is limited by low yield and instability. This study developed a sustainable and high-efficiency extraction process using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES; glycerol–glucose) integrated with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and freeze–thaw pretreatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized the process at a glycerol concentration of 2.35 M, biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:17.6 g/mL, extraction time of 66 min, and temperature of 40 °C. The optimized conditions yielded high-quality food-grade PC (7.56 g/100 g biomass), with purity values (A620/A280 = 0.81–0.93 after dialysis) approaching the lower threshold of cosmetic-grade classification. Kinetic modeling revealed first-order degradation with maximum half-life at pH 6.0 and low temperature, highlighting its stability under mild conditions. SDS–PAGE analysis confirmed the presence of protein bands corresponding to the α- and β-subunits, exhibiting molecular weights in the range of approximately 15–20 kDa, which is characteristic of PC. The extracted PC exhibited high antioxidant capacities (DPPH = 1.90 mg GAE/g; ABTS = 11.30 mg TE/g; PFRAP = 3.12 mg GAE/g) and potent anti-colorectal cancer activity against HT-29 cells (IC50 = 61.42 μg/mL), inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis. This eco-friendly UAE–NADES strategy significantly enhances PC recovery, purity, and bioactivity while aligning with green chemistry principles. The findings provide a scalable platform for producing high-quality, food-grade PC suitable for use as a natural colorant and functional bioactive ingredient in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Enhanced recovery of fluorescent pigment–protein complexes from Spirulina biomass via ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction: Toward sustainable natural food colorants with anti-colorectal cancer potential","authors":"Wageeporn Maneechote , Wasu Pathom-aree , Nakarin Suwannarach , Patcharin Chaijaem , Benjamas Cheirsilp , Supakit Chaipoot , Piroonporn Srimongkol , Shuhao Huo , Sirasit Srinuanpan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phycocyanin (PC), a blue fluorescent pigment–protein derived from <em>Spirulina</em>, possesses potent antioxidant and anticancer activities, yet large-scale production is limited by low yield and instability. This study developed a sustainable and high-efficiency extraction process using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES; glycerol–glucose) integrated with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and freeze–thaw pretreatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized the process at a glycerol concentration of 2.35 M, biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:17.6 g/mL, extraction time of 66 min, and temperature of 40 °C. The optimized conditions yielded high-quality food-grade PC (7.56 g/100 g biomass), with purity values (A<sub>620</sub>/A<sub>280</sub> = 0.81–0.93 after dialysis) approaching the lower threshold of cosmetic-grade classification. Kinetic modeling revealed first-order degradation with maximum half-life at pH 6.0 and low temperature, highlighting its stability under mild conditions. SDS–PAGE analysis confirmed the presence of protein bands corresponding to the α- and β-subunits, exhibiting molecular weights in the range of approximately 15–20 kDa, which is characteristic of PC. The extracted PC exhibited high antioxidant capacities (DPPH = 1.90 mg GAE/g; ABTS = 11.30 mg TE/g; PFRAP = 3.12 mg GAE/g) and potent anti-colorectal cancer activity against HT-29 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 61.42 μg/mL), inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis. This eco-friendly UAE–NADES strategy significantly enhances PC recovery, purity, and bioactivity while aligning with green chemistry principles. The findings provide a scalable platform for producing high-quality, food-grade PC suitable for use as a natural colorant and functional bioactive ingredient in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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