Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284
Zhihao Chen , Chuan Zhang , Yiyi Li , Chengcheng Zhang , Pan Huang , Gang Wang , Shumao Cui , Wenwei Lu , Bo Yang , Qixiao Zhai , Fengwei Tian
Folate is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized endogenously and must be obtained through the diet. Natural folate from probiotic sources is an effective method for folate supplementation. Current screening methods for high folate-producing strains, relying on time-consuming phenotypic and folate production assays, lack a rapid genomics-based strategy. Thus, we analyzed the folate synthesis pathway in 699 probiotics from 14 species to identify key genes for high folate production. Our results indicated that the integrity of the tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway, particularly the folP genes, is essential for folate biosynthesis. High folate-producing strains possess a complete and multi-copy set of folate synthesis genes within the 6-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrofolate pyrophosphate and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis pathways. We also found that the addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, poly-γ-glutamic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and CaCl2 significantly enhanced folate production. Our research provides a convenient and rapid genomic screening method for identifying high folate-producing strains.
{"title":"Distribution of folate synthesis genes in Lactobacillaceae and characterization of high folate production","authors":"Zhihao Chen , Chuan Zhang , Yiyi Li , Chengcheng Zhang , Pan Huang , Gang Wang , Shumao Cui , Wenwei Lu , Bo Yang , Qixiao Zhai , Fengwei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Folate is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized endogenously and must be obtained through the diet. Natural folate from probiotic sources is an effective method for folate supplementation. Current screening methods for high folate-producing strains, relying on time-consuming phenotypic and folate production assays, lack a rapid genomics-based strategy. Thus, we analyzed the folate synthesis pathway in 699 probiotics from 14 species to identify key genes for high folate production. Our results indicated that the integrity of the tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway, particularly the <em>folP</em> genes, is essential for folate biosynthesis. High folate-producing strains possess a complete and multi-copy set of folate synthesis genes within the 6-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrofolate pyrophosphate and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis pathways. We also found that the addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, poly-γ-glutamic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and CaCl<sub>2</sub> significantly enhanced folate production. Our research provides a convenient and rapid genomic screening method for identifying high folate-producing strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291
Yizhen Lyu , Lianghua Wen , Yadong Zhong, Dafang Yin, Mine Yang, Yanlong Wen, Yang Li, Jielun Hu
Segatella copri (formerly Prevotella copri) is a major indigestible polysaccharides consumer in the lower gut, and its interaction with polysaccharides is closely related to host health. To investigate the effects of S. copri-accessible polysaccharides with different structures (SAPS) on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, single strain and gut microbial fermentation were performed for accessibility testing, respectively, followed by cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice experiment. During fermentation, xylan, arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan (four SAPS) promoted S. copri and gut microbiota growth with increased OD600 values, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, predominantly acetic acid. However, S. copri could not utilize xyloglucan. Interestingly, the four SAPS ameliorated CTX-induced immunocompromise with increased TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2 in colon and index of spleen and thymus. Additionally, the four SAPS increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and S. copri, while inhibiting Oscillospira growth. Furthermore, they significantly promoted colonic levels of SCFAs, as well as altering the fecal metabolomic profile, e.g. Leukotriene C4, 5,6-DHET, N-Methylserotonin and 24-Hydroxycholesterol, which were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Notably, arabinoxylan exhibited advantages in enhancing spleen index and MUC2 expression, whereas arabinan was more effective in increasing IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, arabinogalactan increased colonic Claudin-1 expression, and xylan showed more benefits in promoting SCFAs production. In summary, the current research explored the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immunity by SAPS, providing a theoretical basis for the research on the relationship among polysaccharide structure, gut microbiota, and intestinal immunity.
{"title":"Effects of Segatella copri-accessible polysaccharides on gut microbiota and intestinal immune function of CTX-induced immunocompromised mice","authors":"Yizhen Lyu , Lianghua Wen , Yadong Zhong, Dafang Yin, Mine Yang, Yanlong Wen, Yang Li, Jielun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Segatella copri</em> (formerly <em>Prevotella copri</em>) is a major indigestible polysaccharides consumer in the lower gut, and its interaction with polysaccharides is closely related to host health. To investigate the effects of <em>S. copri</em>-accessible polysaccharides with different structures (SAPS) on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, single strain and gut microbial fermentation were performed for accessibility testing, respectively, followed by cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice experiment. During fermentation, xylan, arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan (four SAPS) promoted <em>S. copri</em> and gut microbiota growth with increased OD<sub>600</sub> values, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, predominantly acetic acid. However, <em>S. copri</em> could not utilize xyloglucan. Interestingly, the four SAPS ameliorated CTX-induced immunocompromise with increased TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2 in colon and index of spleen and thymus. Additionally, the four SAPS increased the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, and <em>S. copri</em>, while inhibiting <em>Oscillospira</em> growth. Furthermore, they significantly promoted colonic levels of SCFAs, as well as altering the fecal metabolomic profile, e.g. Leukotriene C4, 5,6-DHET, N-Methylserotonin and 24-Hydroxycholesterol, which were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Notably, arabinoxylan exhibited advantages in enhancing spleen index and MUC2 expression, whereas arabinan was more effective in increasing IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, arabinogalactan increased colonic Claudin-1 expression, and xylan showed more benefits in promoting SCFAs production. In summary, the current research explored the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immunity by SAPS, providing a theoretical basis for the research on the relationship among polysaccharide structure, gut microbiota, and intestinal immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234
Kai Cheng , Gang Wang , Jianhua Xie , Zhibing Huang
Penicillium polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory activity, different polysaccharides produced by Penicillium EF-2 during fermentation were altered by adding different concentrations of genistein as an exogenous additive to change the fermentation environment. Structural characterization of the polysaccharides was performed and their activities were evaluated, and it was found that the Penicillium polysaccharides became more porous and their molecular weight decreased after the addition of genistein, thereby increasing their biological activity. Combined cell-based and animal studies demonstrated that genistein addition enhances the bioactivity of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Penicillium fermentation. However, for polysaccharide yield in Penicillium fermentation, polysaccharide content decreased at 3 d in both 0.5 g/L genistein (G_0.5E) and 1.5 g/L genistein (G_1.5E) treatments. Furthermore, it was concluded that polysaccharides may influence T cell differentiation by regulating energy metabolism, thereby exerting an immunosuppressive regulatory effect.
{"title":"Physicochemical properties of genistein-modified Penicillium fermentation polysaccharides and enhanced immunosuppressive activity through altered T-cell differentiation","authors":"Kai Cheng , Gang Wang , Jianhua Xie , Zhibing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium</em> polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory activity, different polysaccharides produced by <em>Penicillium</em> EF-2 during fermentation were altered by adding different concentrations of genistein as an exogenous additive to change the fermentation environment. Structural characterization of the polysaccharides was performed and their activities were evaluated, and it was found that the <em>Penicillium</em> polysaccharides became more porous and their molecular weight decreased after the addition of genistein, thereby increasing their biological activity. Combined cell-based and animal studies demonstrated that genistein addition enhances the bioactivity of extracellular polysaccharides produced by <em>Penicillium</em> fermentation. However, for polysaccharide yield in <em>Penicillium</em> fermentation, polysaccharide content decreased at 3 d in both 0.5 g/L genistein (G_0.5E) and 1.5 g/L genistein (G_1.5E) treatments. Furthermore, it was concluded that polysaccharides may influence T cell differentiation by regulating energy metabolism, thereby exerting an immunosuppressive regulatory effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276
Lulu Zhang , Jialin Huang , Yingjie Feng , Tingting Zhang , Fengyang Zheng , Mengyan Ouyang , Danyang Li , Shiying Wang , Jingwen Yang
As an important functional monoterpene, α-terpineol can be generated through biotransformation. The transcription factor PdTP1 has been previously validated for its beneficial role in α-terpineol production via limonene biotransformation in Penicillium digitatum DSM 62840. However, the mechanistic basis of PdTP1-mediated transcriptional regulation remained elusive. In this study, DNA affinity purification sequencing was employed to identify the potential target genes of PdTP1. In combination with RNA sequencing data, a total of 981 genes were identified as the direct targets of PdTP1, participating in diverse metabolic pathways. Notably, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 were confirmed to be bound and activated by PdTP1 through yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase report assays. Overexpression of PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 promoted limonene biotransformation and increased α-terpineol production, and opposite results were observed after the silencing of these genes. These findings indicated that CYP450 genes PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 were regulated by transcription factor PdTP1, and played crucial roles in the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol, which will help us further understand the mechanism of α-terpineol biosynthesis.
{"title":"PdTP1 regulates the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol by targeting cytochrome P450 genes in Penicillium digitatum","authors":"Lulu Zhang , Jialin Huang , Yingjie Feng , Tingting Zhang , Fengyang Zheng , Mengyan Ouyang , Danyang Li , Shiying Wang , Jingwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important functional monoterpene, α-terpineol can be generated through biotransformation. The transcription factor PdTP1 has been previously validated for its beneficial role in α-terpineol production via limonene biotransformation in <em>Penicillium digitatum</em> DSM 62840. However, the mechanistic basis of PdTP1-mediated transcriptional regulation remained elusive. In this study, DNA affinity purification sequencing was employed to identify the potential target genes of PdTP1. In combination with RNA sequencing data, a total of 981 genes were identified as the direct targets of PdTP1, participating in diverse metabolic pathways. Notably, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> were confirmed to be bound and activated by PdTP1 through yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase report assays. Overexpression of <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> promoted limonene biotransformation and increased α-terpineol production, and opposite results were observed after the silencing of these genes. These findings indicated that CYP450 genes <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> were regulated by transcription factor PdTP1, and played crucial roles in the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol, which will help us further understand the mechanism of α-terpineol biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postbiotics are emerging as a potential alternative strategy for regulating gut microbiota health. However, conventional inactivation methods can damage bioactive components, and the effects of ultrasonic processing parameters on postbiotic functionality remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic parameters (400/800 W, 10–60 min) on the properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 1.0320 and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Results indicated that complete inactivation was achieved with 400 W treatment for 60 min or 800 W treatment for 30 min. Cell damage induced by 800 W was significantly greater than that caused by 400 W (p < 0.05). Ultrasonication markedly altered bacterial surface properties, increasing hydrophobicity to 1.8 times that of viable cells, reducing self-aggregation to 11.38 %, and enhancing antioxidant capacity. The 800 W/60 min group exhibited the highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging rates. This group also significantly suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) while elevating anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4) (p < 0.05). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis further revealed that the destruction of cell structure triggered by the cavitation effect of ultrasound was the main reason for the functional enhancement. This study demonstrated that ultrasound is an efficient non-thermal method for producing highly active postbiotics, supporting the development of non-living anti-inflammatory microbial agents.
{"title":"Ultrasound enhances the probiotic properties and anti-inflammatory function of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 1.0320 by releasing functional metabolites","authors":"Xinyu Neng , Xuefei Wu , He Zhang , Jing Zhang , Cong Xu , Jiahui Guo , Zhanmei Jiang , Juncai Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postbiotics are emerging as a potential alternative strategy for regulating gut microbiota health. However, conventional inactivation methods can damage bioactive components, and the effects of ultrasonic processing parameters on postbiotic functionality remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic parameters (400/800 W, 10–60 min) on the properties of <em>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</em> 1.0320 and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Results indicated that complete inactivation was achieved with 400 W treatment for 60 min or 800 W treatment for 30 min. Cell damage induced by 800 W was significantly greater than that caused by 400 W (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Ultrasonication markedly altered bacterial surface properties, increasing hydrophobicity to 1.8 times that of viable cells, reducing self-aggregation to 11.38 %, and enhancing antioxidant capacity. The 800 W/60 min group exhibited the highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging rates. This group also significantly suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) while elevating anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4) (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis further revealed that the destruction of cell structure triggered by the cavitation effect of ultrasound was the main reason for the functional enhancement. This study demonstrated that ultrasound is an efficient non-thermal method for producing highly active postbiotics, supporting the development of non-living anti-inflammatory microbial agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
“Suanrou”, a characteristic moist fermented meat product indigenous to Southwest China, inspiring this study based on “analogical orientation” and “shape-based nourishment” concepts of traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against common infectious bacteria in chronic diabetic wounds from Suanrou to promote chronic wound healing. 347 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 6 types of Suanrou samples. After many screening, including antibacterial assay, hemolysis test, antibiotic susceptibility test, and aggregation assay, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei YL36 was identified as strain with optimal comprehensive performance. Subsequent analyses of whole-genome sequencing and metabolomics were conducted, along with further validation using cellular and animal models. L. paracasei YL36 exhibited inhibitory activity against five common pathogenic bacteria in chronic wounds, including Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus haemolyticus. Genomic analysis revealed that strain harbors gene clusters responsible for synthesizing antimicrobial metabolites such as terpenoids and class II bacteriocins; its genome length was 3,029,192 bp, with a G + C content of 46.38 %. Additionally, L. paracasei YL36 possessed rich and diverse metabolic profile, with clear associations between its metabolic pathways, metabolites, and antibacterial activity. The strain displayed excellent adhesion and colonization capabilities, with no clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factor genes detected in its genome, and a hemolysis rate of <5 %. L. paracasei YL36 is a safe and functionally excellent probiotic candidate strain with potential application value in the field of chronic wound healing.
“酸肉”是一种中国西南地区特有的湿发酵肉制品，启发了本研究基于中医“类比取向”和“形状营养”的概念。本研究旨在从慢性糖尿病创面中分离出对常见感染性细菌具有广谱抗菌活性的乳酸菌，促进慢性糖尿病创面愈合。从6种酸味样品中分离出347株乳酸菌。经抗菌试验、溶血试验、药敏试验、聚集试验等筛选，确定副干酪乳杆菌YL36为综合性能最佳的菌株。随后进行了全基因组测序和代谢组学分析，并使用细胞和动物模型进行了进一步验证。L. paracasei YL36对慢性伤口中常见的5种致病菌，包括金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌和溶血链球菌均有抑制作用。基因组分析显示，该菌株含有负责合成萜类和II类细菌素等抗菌代谢物的基因簇；基因组长度3029192 bp， G + C含量46.38%。此外，L. paracasei YL36具有丰富多样的代谢谱，其代谢途径、代谢物与抗菌活性之间存在明确的关联。该菌株表现出良好的粘附和定植能力，其基因组中未检测到临床相关的抗生素耐药基因和毒力因子基因，溶血率为5%。副casei YL36是一种安全、功能优良的益生菌候选菌株，在慢性伤口愈合领域具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"From traditional wet-fermented meat to modern wound -therapeutics: The transboundary journey of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei YL36","authors":"Yiwei Zuo , Kexin Deng , Wuliang Diao , Jianda Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Suanrou”, a characteristic moist fermented meat product indigenous to Southwest China, inspiring this study based on “analogical orientation” and “shape-based nourishment” concepts of traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against common infectious bacteria in chronic diabetic wounds from Suanrou to promote chronic wound healing. 347 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 6 types of Suanrou samples. After many screening, including antibacterial assay, hemolysis test, antibiotic susceptibility test, and aggregation assay, <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> YL36 was identified as strain with optimal comprehensive performance. Subsequent analyses of whole-genome sequencing and metabolomics were conducted, along with further validation using cellular and animal models. <em>L. paracasei</em> YL36 exhibited inhibitory activity against five common pathogenic bacteria in chronic wounds, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Streptococcus haemolyticus</em>. Genomic analysis revealed that strain harbors gene clusters responsible for synthesizing antimicrobial metabolites such as terpenoids and class II bacteriocins; its genome length was 3,029,192 bp, with a G + C content of 46.38 %. Additionally, <em>L. paracasei</em> YL36 possessed rich and diverse metabolic profile, with clear associations between its metabolic pathways, metabolites, and antibacterial activity. The strain displayed excellent adhesion and colonization capabilities, with no clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factor genes detected in its genome, and a hemolysis rate of <5 %. <em>L. paracasei</em> YL36 is a safe and functionally excellent probiotic candidate strain with potential application value in the field of chronic wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108285
Soubhagya Tripathy , Srutee Rout , Rahel Suchintita Das , Brijesh Kumar Tiwari , Marco Garcia-Vaquero , Prem Prakash Srivastav
Algae represent a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds with immense potential in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and functional food applications. This review comprehensively discusses the nutritional composition and therapeutic properties of algal-derived biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, minerals, phenolics, and peptides. These compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and immune-enhancing effects. Despite their benefits, algal products may pose allergenic risks from intrinsic constituents (proteins, pigments, and polysaccharides) and extrinsic sources (marine co-inhabitants). Clinical cases and analytical studies revealing allergenic mechanisms are critically examined. Furthermore, recent advancements in non-thermal and encapsulation technologies, such as cold plasma, pulsed electric fields, high-pressure processing, and microencapsulation, are highlighted as promising strategies for mitigating allergenicity while preserving bioactivity. The application of algal bioactives in bakery, dairy, and packaging industries underscores their potential to enhance nutritional quality, functionality, and sustainability. Additionally, the review emphasizes the growing role of algae in advancing the blue economy through bioresource valorization, renewable energy production, and circular food systems. Key regulatory challenges, consumer perception, and safety concerns limiting large-scale adoption are also discussed. This review provides an integrated perspective on algae as a future-oriented bioresource, addressing their health benefits, allergenicity management, and industrial utilization while identifying knowledge gaps and future research directions toward sustainable food innovation.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on algal bioactive compounds with emphasize on its allergenicity reduction, health benefits and applications in food industry","authors":"Soubhagya Tripathy , Srutee Rout , Rahel Suchintita Das , Brijesh Kumar Tiwari , Marco Garcia-Vaquero , Prem Prakash Srivastav","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algae represent a sustainable and versatile source of bioactive compounds with immense potential in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and functional food applications. This review comprehensively discusses the nutritional composition and therapeutic properties of algal-derived biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, minerals, phenolics, and peptides. These compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and immune-enhancing effects. Despite their benefits, algal products may pose allergenic risks from intrinsic constituents (proteins, pigments, and polysaccharides) and extrinsic sources (marine co-inhabitants). Clinical cases and analytical studies revealing allergenic mechanisms are critically examined. Furthermore, recent advancements in non-thermal and encapsulation technologies, such as cold plasma, pulsed electric fields, high-pressure processing, and microencapsulation, are highlighted as promising strategies for mitigating allergenicity while preserving bioactivity. The application of algal bioactives in bakery, dairy, and packaging industries underscores their potential to enhance nutritional quality, functionality, and sustainability. Additionally, the review emphasizes the growing role of algae in advancing the blue economy through bioresource valorization, renewable energy production, and circular food systems. Key regulatory challenges, consumer perception, and safety concerns limiting large-scale adoption are also discussed. This review provides an integrated perspective on algae as a future-oriented bioresource, addressing their health benefits, allergenicity management, and industrial utilization while identifying knowledge gaps and future research directions toward sustainable food innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108285"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of nitrites in meat products has been associated with considerable safety concerns, as excessive nitrites can undergo conversion into carcinogenic compounds at high concentrations, thereby presenting serious health risks to consumers. To mitigate this concern, the present study utilized zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) as a safe and effective alternative to nitrites. Six strains of Staphylococcus were selected and systematically evaluated for their capacity to enhance ZnPP formation and optimize the color development of minced meat model system. All strains exhibited substantially higher intracellular than extracellular ferrochelatase activity, with Staphylococcus equorum demonstrating the most pronounced activity (P < 0.05). All the inoculated samples showed significantly elevated L∗ values and reduced b∗ values versus the controls (P < 0.05). Fluorescence spectra revealed progressively intensifying ZnPP-specific absorption peaks in Staphylococcus-inoculated groups over time. At the endpoint, S. equorum-inoculated minced meat model system achieved peak ZnPP content (893.91 ± 7.14 ng/g). Though lower than nitrite-treated samples, the S. equorum-inoculated samples exhibited significantly elevated a∗ values relative to the controls at the endpoint (P < 0.05). Collectively, S. equorum most effectively promoted ZnPP formation and color improvement in minced meat model system, positioning it as a viable coloring strategy for full/partial nitrite replacement in meat products.
{"title":"Evaluation of zinc protoporphyrin IX synthesis and color development in minced meat model system by diverse Staphylococcus strains: a strategy for developing nitrite-free meat products","authors":"Yaru Yuan, Zhengyi Li, Qian Chen, Qian Liu, Baohua Kong, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of nitrites in meat products has been associated with considerable safety concerns, as excessive nitrites can undergo conversion into carcinogenic compounds at high concentrations, thereby presenting serious health risks to consumers. To mitigate this concern, the present study utilized zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) as a safe and effective alternative to nitrites. Six strains of <em>Staphylococcus</em> were selected and systematically evaluated for their capacity to enhance ZnPP formation and optimize the color development of minced meat model system. All strains exhibited substantially higher intracellular than extracellular ferrochelatase activity, with <em>Staphylococcus equorum</em> demonstrating the most pronounced activity (<em>P</em> < 0.05). All the inoculated samples showed significantly elevated <em>L∗</em> values and reduced <em>b∗</em> values versus the controls (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Fluorescence spectra revealed progressively intensifying ZnPP-specific absorption peaks in <em>Staphylococcus</em>-inoculated groups over time. At the endpoint, <em>S. equorum</em>-inoculated minced meat model system achieved peak ZnPP content (893.91 ± 7.14 ng/g). Though lower than nitrite-treated samples, the <em>S. equorum</em>-inoculated samples exhibited significantly elevated <em>a∗</em> values relative to the controls at the endpoint (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Collectively, <em>S. equorum</em> most effectively promoted ZnPP formation and color improvement in minced meat model system, positioning it as a viable coloring strategy for full/partial nitrite replacement in meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108279"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bile acids, amphipathic molecules synthesized in the liver and modified by gut microbiota, play dual roles as digestive surfactants and antimicrobial agents, significantly shaping the gut microbial ecosystem. This review elucidates bile acid-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms against probiotics and the sophisticated resistance strategies employed by these beneficial microbes. Human bile acid metabolism, encompassing biosynthesis via cytochrome P450 pathways and enterohepatic circulation, establishes dynamic chemical gradients in the intestinal tract. The antimicrobial effects of bile acids arise from membrane destabilization, cytoplasmic acidification, intracellular proteostasis imbalance, and oxidative stress induction. In response, probiotics deploy multilayered defense mechanisms, including active efflux pumps, bile salt hydrolase-mediated deconjugation, two-component signal transduction systems, F1F0-ATPase-driven pH regulation, and proteostasis networks. Structural adaptations such as membrane lipid remodeling, surface-layer protein barriers, and exopolysaccharide encapsulation further enhance bile resistance. Furthermore, the limitations in understanding these bile acid resistance mechanisms are discussed, and potential future research directions are suggested. These insights guide probiotic selection and optimization, enhancing their potential to confer health benefits in human applications.
{"title":"Bile resistance mechanisms in probiotics: From structural adaptation to metabolic regulation","authors":"Jing-Wei Hu , Shu-Jun Guo , Lan-Wei Zhang , Chun-Feng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bile acids, amphipathic molecules synthesized in the liver and modified by gut microbiota, play dual roles as digestive surfactants and antimicrobial agents, significantly shaping the gut microbial ecosystem. This review elucidates bile acid-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms against probiotics and the sophisticated resistance strategies employed by these beneficial microbes. Human bile acid metabolism, encompassing biosynthesis via cytochrome P450 pathways and enterohepatic circulation, establishes dynamic chemical gradients in the intestinal tract. The antimicrobial effects of bile acids arise from membrane destabilization, cytoplasmic acidification, intracellular proteostasis imbalance, and oxidative stress induction. In response, probiotics deploy multilayered defense mechanisms, including active efflux pumps, bile salt hydrolase-mediated deconjugation, two-component signal transduction systems, F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub>-ATPase-driven pH regulation, and proteostasis networks. Structural adaptations such as membrane lipid remodeling, surface-layer protein barriers, and exopolysaccharide encapsulation further enhance bile resistance. Furthermore, the limitations in understanding these bile acid resistance mechanisms are discussed, and potential future research directions are suggested. These insights guide probiotic selection and optimization, enhancing their potential to confer health benefits in human applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108282"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108278
Lixuan Chen , Zhiwei Liu , Weiwen Li , Pan Li , Bing Du , Lu Li
As a medicinal-edible resource, Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds are susceptible to lipid rancidity due to high unsaturated fatty acid content, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study employed lipidomics to explore the mechanism driving lipid rancidity in Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds during three years of storage at 4 °C. Results indicate that with prolonged storage duration, key oxidation indicators (peroxide value, acid value, and malondialdehyde, etc.) and bitter amino acid content of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds significantly increased, while umami and sweet amino acid content, along with the oleic-to-linoleic acid ratio, decreased. This confirms a sustained deterioration in quality. Hexanal, pentanal, and 1-pentanol were identified as potential biomarkers for assessing rancidity. Lipidomics identified 670 lipid species, with multivariate analysis revealing significant alterations between fresh seeds and those stored for 3 years. Pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and linoleic acid metabolism as the central pathways involved. This research provides foundational data for regulating the storage stability of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds.
{"title":"Exploring the mechanism of lipid rancidity of Trichosanthes kirilowii Seeds during storage based on non-targeted lipidomics","authors":"Lixuan Chen , Zhiwei Liu , Weiwen Li , Pan Li , Bing Du , Lu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a medicinal-edible resource, <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> seeds are susceptible to lipid rancidity due to high unsaturated fatty acid content, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study employed lipidomics to explore the mechanism driving lipid rancidity in <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> seeds during three years of storage at 4 °C. Results indicate that with prolonged storage duration, key oxidation indicators (peroxide value, acid value, and malondialdehyde, etc.) and bitter amino acid content of <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> seeds significantly increased, while umami and sweet amino acid content, along with the oleic-to-linoleic acid ratio, decreased. This confirms a sustained deterioration in quality. Hexanal, pentanal, and 1-pentanol were identified as potential biomarkers for assessing rancidity. Lipidomics identified 670 lipid species, with multivariate analysis revealing significant alterations between fresh seeds and those stored for 3 years. Pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, and linoleic acid metabolism as the central pathways involved. This research provides foundational data for regulating the storage stability of <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> seeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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