Listeriolysin O (LLO), a crucial virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes, endangers human health through contaminated refrigerated foods. In this study, we developed high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for sensitive LLO detection in foods, alongside characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. Soluble LLO was expressed in Escherichia coli and used as the antigen. The mAb pair (7D3–3H5) was selected from 12 candidates via mouse immunization and hybridoma screening. The genes encoding the variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of 3H5 and 7D3 were cloned; subsequent molecular docking identified critical binding residues (3H5: GLN3, ASN104, SER49; 7D3: TYR32, TYR57), offering insights for antibody optimization. An antibody-based gold immunochromatographic strip (GICS) was established for rapid on-site detection, with visual limits of detection (vLOD) of 5 ng/mL (milk), 1 ng/g (vegetables), and 10 ng/g (pork). This work promotes the understanding of antibody-LLO interactions for future engineering and provides an effective tool for monitoring LLO contamination.
{"title":"Production of recombinant antibody and construction of paper-sensor for listeriolysin O detection: Recognition mechanism and application","authors":"Chunhao Wei , Lingling Guo , Daniel Zhang , Liqiang Liu , Liguang Xu , Chuanlai Xu , Hua Kuang , Xinxin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Listeriolysin O (LLO), a crucial virulence factor of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, endangers human health through contaminated refrigerated foods. In this study, we developed high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for sensitive LLO detection in foods, alongside characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. Soluble LLO was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and used as the antigen. The mAb pair (7D3–3H5) was selected from 12 candidates via mouse immunization and hybridoma screening. The genes encoding the variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of 3H5 and 7D3 were cloned; subsequent molecular docking identified critical binding residues (3H5: GLN3, ASN104, SER49; 7D3: TYR32, TYR57), offering insights for antibody optimization. An antibody-based gold immunochromatographic strip (GICS) was established for rapid on-site detection, with visual limits of detection (vLOD) of 5 ng/mL (milk), 1 ng/g (vegetables), and 10 ng/g (pork). This work promotes the understanding of antibody-LLO interactions for future engineering and provides an effective tool for monitoring LLO contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108296
Mahmoud Alagawany , Ahmed A. Allam , Gehad E. Elshopakey , Kasim Sakran Abass , Abdullah S. Alawam , Hassan A. Rudayni , Mayada Ragab Farag , Asmaa F. Khafaga , Alessandro Di Cerbo
Coconut oil (CO) has recently gained increasing scientific and industrial attention owing to its rich profile of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and diverse bioactive constituents. These unique components confer promising nutraceutical and functional properties relevant to both human health and sustainable livestock production. This review aims to provide an updated and integrative overview of the biological roles and mechanisms of coconut oil, emphasizing its potential applications in animal nutrition and health promotion. Coconut oil exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects. These functions are primarily mediated through modulation of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory signaling pathways. In animal production, dietary inclusion of coconut oil has been shown to improve growth performance, immune responses, and product quality, although some findings remain inconsistent and context dependent. Despite the increasing interest in its health benefits, clinical validation of coconut oil’s long-term effects in humans and animals remains limited. Therefore, understanding its mechanisms of action and standardizing dosages are crucial to ensure safe and effective utilization. In summary, coconut oil represents a promising natural ingredient that bridges human nutrition and sustainable livestock production. However, further mechanistic and clinical investigations are warranted to substantiate its long-term functional and health-promoting effects.
{"title":"Production, chemical composition, nutraceutical potential and functional benefits of coconut oil in humans and animals: Advancing sustainable livestock production","authors":"Mahmoud Alagawany , Ahmed A. Allam , Gehad E. Elshopakey , Kasim Sakran Abass , Abdullah S. Alawam , Hassan A. Rudayni , Mayada Ragab Farag , Asmaa F. Khafaga , Alessandro Di Cerbo","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coconut oil (CO) has recently gained increasing scientific and industrial attention owing to its rich profile of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and diverse bioactive constituents. These unique components confer promising nutraceutical and functional properties relevant to both human health and sustainable livestock production. This review aims to provide an updated and integrative overview of the biological roles and mechanisms of coconut oil, emphasizing its potential applications in animal nutrition and health promotion. Coconut oil exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects. These functions are primarily mediated through modulation of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory signaling pathways. In animal production, dietary inclusion of coconut oil has been shown to improve growth performance, immune responses, and product quality, although some findings remain inconsistent and context dependent. Despite the increasing interest in its health benefits, clinical validation of coconut oil’s long-term effects in humans and animals remains limited. Therefore, understanding its mechanisms of action and standardizing dosages are crucial to ensure safe and effective utilization. In summary, coconut oil represents a promising natural ingredient that bridges human nutrition and sustainable livestock production. However, further mechanistic and clinical investigations are warranted to substantiate its long-term functional and health-promoting effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wood maturation is a traditional process used to modulate the chemical and sensory properties of alcoholic beverages. This study investigated the impact of American oak chips pre-soaked in Ruby Port wine on the maturation of an imperial stout, simulating the effect of barrels with different usage histories. Two conditions were tested: oak chips soaked once (BMOC1) to simulate a first-use barrel and chips soaked three times (BMOC3) to mimic barrels that have undergone multiple uses.
Quantitative analyses revealed clear differences in phenolic and volatile composition. After six weeks, BMOC3 showed higher concentrations of key wood-derived phenolics such as vanillic acid, elagic acid, gallocatechin, gallic acid, catechin, eppicathecin, syringaldehyde, and coniferaldehyde, while BMOC1 presented higher levels of hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate. In the volatile profile, compounds characteristic of oak maturation, including whiskey lactones and eugenol, were detected only in the oak-treated beers. Aditionally, several esters (ethyl butanoate, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, ethyl lactate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl-3-phenylpropanoate), volatile phenols (4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol), citral, and multiple sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-muurolene, and α-calacorene) exhibited increased concentrations in BMOC3 after six weeks of maturation.
Although the sensory panel described tendencies consistent with the chemical data (e.g., fruity and woody notes in BMOC1, vanilla and coconut nuances in BMOC3), the sensory ANOVA did not reveal statistically significant differences among treatments. Therefore, the sensory results should be interpreted as descriptive trends rather than demonstrable improvements.
This approach provides craft brewers with a cost-effective method to introduce barrel-aged characteristics without the need for full-sized barrels, allowing for greater control over the maturation process and flavour development.
{"title":"Simulation of barrel aging: Effect of stout-type beer maturation with American oak chips pre-soaked in Ruby Port wine","authors":"Sandra Pereira , Catarina Marques , Raquel Marinho , Sílvia M. Rocha , Cátia Martins , Irene Fraga , Alice Vilela , Lia-Tânia Dinis","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.108207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.108207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood maturation is a traditional process used to modulate the chemical and sensory properties of alcoholic beverages. This study investigated the impact of American oak chips pre-soaked in Ruby Port wine on the maturation of an imperial stout, simulating the effect of barrels with different usage histories. Two conditions were tested: oak chips soaked once (BMOC1) to simulate a first-use barrel and chips soaked three times (BMOC3) to mimic barrels that have undergone multiple uses.</div><div>Quantitative analyses revealed clear differences in phenolic and volatile composition. After six weeks, BMOC3 showed higher concentrations of key wood-derived phenolics such as vanillic acid, elagic acid, gallocatechin, gallic acid, catechin, eppicathecin, syringaldehyde, and coniferaldehyde, while BMOC1 presented higher levels of hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate. In the volatile profile, compounds characteristic of oak maturation, including whiskey lactones and eugenol, were detected only in the oak-treated beers. Aditionally, several esters (ethyl butanoate, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, ethyl lactate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl-3-phenylpropanoate), volatile phenols (4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol), citral, and multiple sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-muurolene, and α-calacorene) exhibited increased concentrations in BMOC3 after six weeks of maturation.</div><div>Although the sensory panel described tendencies consistent with the chemical data (e.g., fruity and woody notes in BMOC1, vanilla and coconut nuances in BMOC3), the sensory ANOVA did not reveal statistically significant differences among treatments. Therefore, the sensory results should be interpreted as descriptive trends rather than demonstrable improvements.</div><div>This approach provides craft brewers with a cost-effective method to introduce barrel-aged characteristics without the need for full-sized barrels, allowing for greater control over the maturation process and flavour development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previously, peptide Asn-Cys-Trp (NCW), derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis, was observed to up-regulate the mRNA expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 during its transport across a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Based on this, we hypothesized that NCW could protect tight junction integrity and thereby improve intestinal barrier function. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of NCW against LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction using both in vivo and in vitro models. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 monolayer cells, NCW was found to preserve barrier function, as evidenced by attenuated decline in transepithelial electrical resistance, attenuated reductions in Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 expression, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In mice, oral administration of peptide NCW mitigated LPS-induced systemic and intestinal damage, as demonstrated by a lowered disease activity index and serum diamine oxidase level, alleviated jejunal and colonic histopathological damage and inflammation, and enhanced antioxidant capacity through increased colonic superoxide dismutase activity, coupled with suppressed jejunal malondialdehyde formation. Mechanistically, NCW may exert its protective effects by activating AMPK and inhibiting AKT. In conclusion, dietary peptide NCW could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury. These findings provide novel insights into the potential application of food-derived peptides in promoting intestinal health.
{"title":"Mizuhopecten yessoensis-derived peptide Asn-Cys-Trp alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction","authors":"Sijia Wu , Ping Jiang , Xiaoliang Zhang , Hong Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previously, peptide Asn-Cys-Trp (NCW), derived from <em>Mizuhopecten yessoensis</em>, was observed to up-regulate the mRNA expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 during its transport across a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Based on this, we hypothesized that NCW could protect tight junction integrity and thereby improve intestinal barrier function. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of NCW against LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction using both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> models. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 monolayer cells, NCW was found to preserve barrier function, as evidenced by attenuated decline in transepithelial electrical resistance, attenuated reductions in Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 expression, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In mice, oral administration of peptide NCW mitigated LPS-induced systemic and intestinal damage, as demonstrated by a lowered disease activity index and serum diamine oxidase level, alleviated jejunal and colonic histopathological damage and inflammation, and enhanced antioxidant capacity through increased colonic superoxide dismutase activity, coupled with suppressed jejunal malondialdehyde formation. Mechanistically, NCW may exert its protective effects by activating AMPK and inhibiting AKT. In conclusion, dietary peptide NCW could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury. These findings provide novel insights into the potential application of food-derived peptides in promoting intestinal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108287
Jicang Wang , Yinan Hu , Wenjing Yu , Hao Ling , Chengxiang Guo , Mengmeng Gao , Jing Zhu , Yue Wang , Huali Zhu
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. The liver, an important metabolic organ, is particularly vulnerable to Cd toxicity. Quercetin (Que), a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, attenuates Cd-induced hepatocyte injury in rats, however its mechanism remains unclear. After BRL-3A cells were treated with Cd, Que, and rapamycin (Rapa), detection kits are used to determine the levels of specific biochemical indicators in the cells. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR is applied to assess the mRNA expression levels of target genes, and Western blot is used to measure the expression levels of target proteins. The results confirmed that Cd significantly reduced cell viability (P < 0.01). Cd induced hepatic oxidative stress by reducing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glutathione - SH (GSH) (P < 0.01). Concomitantly, Cd up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of the autophagy-related gene P62 and pyroptosis-related genes (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD), while down-regulating the expression levels of the autophagy-related genes ATG5, LC3, and Beclin-1 (P < 0.01). Notably, Que effectively reversed these Cd-induced cellular alterations, enhanced autophagic activity, and attenuated cell death. These findings suggest that Que can counteract Cd-induced inhibition of hepatocyte autophagy by promoting autophagy and alleviating Cd-induced pyroptosis in BRL-3A cells, thereby exerting a protective effect against Cd-induced hepatocyte injury.
{"title":"Role of autophagy and pyroptosis in cadmium-induced BRL-3A hepatocyte injury and protective mechanism of quercetin","authors":"Jicang Wang , Yinan Hu , Wenjing Yu , Hao Ling , Chengxiang Guo , Mengmeng Gao , Jing Zhu , Yue Wang , Huali Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. The liver, an important metabolic organ, is particularly vulnerable to Cd toxicity. Quercetin (Que), a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, attenuates Cd-induced hepatocyte injury in rats, however its mechanism remains unclear. After BRL-3A cells were treated with Cd, Que, and rapamycin (Rapa), detection kits are used to determine the levels of specific biochemical indicators in the cells. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR is applied to assess the mRNA expression levels of target genes, and Western blot is used to measure the expression levels of target proteins. The results confirmed that Cd significantly reduced cell viability (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Cd induced hepatic oxidative stress by reducing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and glutathione - SH (GSH) (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Concomitantly, Cd up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of the autophagy-related gene P62 and pyroptosis-related genes (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and GSDMD), while down-regulating the expression levels of the autophagy-related genes ATG5, LC3, and Beclin-1 (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Notably, Que effectively reversed these Cd-induced cellular alterations, enhanced autophagic activity, and attenuated cell death. These findings suggest that Que can counteract Cd-induced inhibition of hepatocyte autophagy by promoting autophagy and alleviating Cd-induced pyroptosis in BRL-3A cells, thereby exerting a protective effect against Cd-induced hepatocyte injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Probiotics provide health benefits in various aspects via balancing gut microbiota homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that several Lactobacillus strains exhibit glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models, as well as improve gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. However, the systemic effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11, known for oral health benefits, on hypoglycemia-related traits and diabetic constipation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the impact of SD11 supplementation in a multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model (BALB/c) to determine its potential therapeutic benefits in T1DM-related metabolic and GI parameters. Mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: normal, normal + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), normal +SD11, DM, DM + LP, and DM + SD11. Over a 4-week intervention period, physiological parameters were monitored weekly, and blood, pancreas, kidney, and GI tissue samples were collected at endpoint. Our results indicated that supplementation with SD11 for 4 weeks significantly improved glycemic levels and mitigated diabetes-induced weight loss. These metabolic improvements were accompanied by preserved pancreatic islet morphology and an increase in β-cell mass. Moreover, SD11 enhanced GI motility, evidenced by reduced upper and total gut transit times, increased fecal water content, and higher defecation frequency. SD11 also preserved colonic mucosal integrity in diabetic mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that SD11 confers systemic benefits in a diabetic context, particularly in glycemic regulation, GI function, and the maintenance of pancreatic and mucosal architecture, highlighting its potential application for managing T1DM-associated complications.
{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11 improves gastrointestinal functions in multiple low doses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice","authors":"Jongdee Nopparat , Fittree Hayeeawaema , Saranya Peerakietkhajorn , Chittipong Tipbunjong , Nawiya Huipao , Rawee Teanpaisan , Pissared Khuituan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics provide health benefits in various aspects via balancing gut microbiota homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that several <em>Lactobacillus</em> strains exhibit glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models, as well as improve gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. However, the systemic effects of <em>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</em> SD11, known for oral health benefits, on hypoglycemia-related traits and diabetic constipation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the impact of SD11 supplementation in a multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model (BALB/c) to determine its potential therapeutic benefits in T1DM-related metabolic and GI parameters. Mice were randomly assigned to six experimental groups: normal, normal + <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> (LP), normal +SD11, DM, DM + LP, and DM + SD11. Over a 4-week intervention period, physiological parameters were monitored weekly, and blood, pancreas, kidney, and GI tissue samples were collected at endpoint. Our results indicated that supplementation with SD11 for 4 weeks significantly improved glycemic levels and mitigated diabetes-induced weight loss. These metabolic improvements were accompanied by preserved pancreatic islet morphology and an increase in β-cell mass. Moreover, SD11 enhanced GI motility, evidenced by reduced upper and total gut transit times, increased fecal water content, and higher defecation frequency. SD11 also preserved colonic mucosal integrity in diabetic mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that SD11 confers systemic benefits in a diabetic context, particularly in glycemic regulation, GI function, and the maintenance of pancreatic and mucosal architecture, highlighting its potential application for managing T1DM-associated complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108290"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284
Zhihao Chen , Chuan Zhang , Yiyi Li , Chengcheng Zhang , Pan Huang , Gang Wang , Shumao Cui , Wenwei Lu , Bo Yang , Qixiao Zhai , Fengwei Tian
Folate is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized endogenously and must be obtained through the diet. Natural folate from probiotic sources is an effective method for folate supplementation. Current screening methods for high folate-producing strains, relying on time-consuming phenotypic and folate production assays, lack a rapid genomics-based strategy. Thus, we analyzed the folate synthesis pathway in 699 probiotics from 14 species to identify key genes for high folate production. Our results indicated that the integrity of the tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway, particularly the folP genes, is essential for folate biosynthesis. High folate-producing strains possess a complete and multi-copy set of folate synthesis genes within the 6-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrofolate pyrophosphate and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis pathways. We also found that the addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, poly-γ-glutamic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and CaCl2 significantly enhanced folate production. Our research provides a convenient and rapid genomic screening method for identifying high folate-producing strains.
{"title":"Distribution of folate synthesis genes in Lactobacillaceae and characterization of high folate production","authors":"Zhihao Chen , Chuan Zhang , Yiyi Li , Chengcheng Zhang , Pan Huang , Gang Wang , Shumao Cui , Wenwei Lu , Bo Yang , Qixiao Zhai , Fengwei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Folate is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized endogenously and must be obtained through the diet. Natural folate from probiotic sources is an effective method for folate supplementation. Current screening methods for high folate-producing strains, relying on time-consuming phenotypic and folate production assays, lack a rapid genomics-based strategy. Thus, we analyzed the folate synthesis pathway in 699 probiotics from 14 species to identify key genes for high folate production. Our results indicated that the integrity of the tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway, particularly the <em>folP</em> genes, is essential for folate biosynthesis. High folate-producing strains possess a complete and multi-copy set of folate synthesis genes within the 6-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrofolate pyrophosphate and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis pathways. We also found that the addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, poly-γ-glutamic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and CaCl<sub>2</sub> significantly enhanced folate production. Our research provides a convenient and rapid genomic screening method for identifying high folate-producing strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291
Yizhen Lyu , Lianghua Wen , Yadong Zhong, Dafang Yin, Mine Yang, Yanlong Wen, Yang Li, Jielun Hu
Segatella copri (formerly Prevotella copri) is a major indigestible polysaccharides consumer in the lower gut, and its interaction with polysaccharides is closely related to host health. To investigate the effects of S. copri-accessible polysaccharides with different structures (SAPS) on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, single strain and gut microbial fermentation were performed for accessibility testing, respectively, followed by cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice experiment. During fermentation, xylan, arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan (four SAPS) promoted S. copri and gut microbiota growth with increased OD600 values, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, predominantly acetic acid. However, S. copri could not utilize xyloglucan. Interestingly, the four SAPS ameliorated CTX-induced immunocompromise with increased TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2 in colon and index of spleen and thymus. Additionally, the four SAPS increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and S. copri, while inhibiting Oscillospira growth. Furthermore, they significantly promoted colonic levels of SCFAs, as well as altering the fecal metabolomic profile, e.g. Leukotriene C4, 5,6-DHET, N-Methylserotonin and 24-Hydroxycholesterol, which were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Notably, arabinoxylan exhibited advantages in enhancing spleen index and MUC2 expression, whereas arabinan was more effective in increasing IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, arabinogalactan increased colonic Claudin-1 expression, and xylan showed more benefits in promoting SCFAs production. In summary, the current research explored the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immunity by SAPS, providing a theoretical basis for the research on the relationship among polysaccharide structure, gut microbiota, and intestinal immunity.
{"title":"Effects of Segatella copri-accessible polysaccharides on gut microbiota and intestinal immune function of CTX-induced immunocompromised mice","authors":"Yizhen Lyu , Lianghua Wen , Yadong Zhong, Dafang Yin, Mine Yang, Yanlong Wen, Yang Li, Jielun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Segatella copri</em> (formerly <em>Prevotella copri</em>) is a major indigestible polysaccharides consumer in the lower gut, and its interaction with polysaccharides is closely related to host health. To investigate the effects of <em>S. copri</em>-accessible polysaccharides with different structures (SAPS) on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, single strain and gut microbial fermentation were performed for accessibility testing, respectively, followed by cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice experiment. During fermentation, xylan, arabinan, arabinoxylan, and arabinogalactan (four SAPS) promoted <em>S. copri</em> and gut microbiota growth with increased OD<sub>600</sub> values, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, predominantly acetic acid. However, <em>S. copri</em> could not utilize xyloglucan. Interestingly, the four SAPS ameliorated CTX-induced immunocompromise with increased TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2 in colon and index of spleen and thymus. Additionally, the four SAPS increased the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, and <em>S. copri</em>, while inhibiting <em>Oscillospira</em> growth. Furthermore, they significantly promoted colonic levels of SCFAs, as well as altering the fecal metabolomic profile, e.g. Leukotriene C4, 5,6-DHET, N-Methylserotonin and 24-Hydroxycholesterol, which were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Notably, arabinoxylan exhibited advantages in enhancing spleen index and MUC2 expression, whereas arabinan was more effective in increasing IL-17 and IL-6. Additionally, arabinogalactan increased colonic Claudin-1 expression, and xylan showed more benefits in promoting SCFAs production. In summary, the current research explored the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immunity by SAPS, providing a theoretical basis for the research on the relationship among polysaccharide structure, gut microbiota, and intestinal immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234
Kai Cheng , Gang Wang , Jianhua Xie , Zhibing Huang
Penicillium polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory activity, different polysaccharides produced by Penicillium EF-2 during fermentation were altered by adding different concentrations of genistein as an exogenous additive to change the fermentation environment. Structural characterization of the polysaccharides was performed and their activities were evaluated, and it was found that the Penicillium polysaccharides became more porous and their molecular weight decreased after the addition of genistein, thereby increasing their biological activity. Combined cell-based and animal studies demonstrated that genistein addition enhances the bioactivity of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Penicillium fermentation. However, for polysaccharide yield in Penicillium fermentation, polysaccharide content decreased at 3 d in both 0.5 g/L genistein (G_0.5E) and 1.5 g/L genistein (G_1.5E) treatments. Furthermore, it was concluded that polysaccharides may influence T cell differentiation by regulating energy metabolism, thereby exerting an immunosuppressive regulatory effect.
{"title":"Physicochemical properties of genistein-modified Penicillium fermentation polysaccharides and enhanced immunosuppressive activity through altered T-cell differentiation","authors":"Kai Cheng , Gang Wang , Jianhua Xie , Zhibing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium</em> polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory activity, different polysaccharides produced by <em>Penicillium</em> EF-2 during fermentation were altered by adding different concentrations of genistein as an exogenous additive to change the fermentation environment. Structural characterization of the polysaccharides was performed and their activities were evaluated, and it was found that the <em>Penicillium</em> polysaccharides became more porous and their molecular weight decreased after the addition of genistein, thereby increasing their biological activity. Combined cell-based and animal studies demonstrated that genistein addition enhances the bioactivity of extracellular polysaccharides produced by <em>Penicillium</em> fermentation. However, for polysaccharide yield in <em>Penicillium</em> fermentation, polysaccharide content decreased at 3 d in both 0.5 g/L genistein (G_0.5E) and 1.5 g/L genistein (G_1.5E) treatments. Furthermore, it was concluded that polysaccharides may influence T cell differentiation by regulating energy metabolism, thereby exerting an immunosuppressive regulatory effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276
Lulu Zhang , Jialin Huang , Yingjie Feng , Tingting Zhang , Fengyang Zheng , Mengyan Ouyang , Danyang Li , Shiying Wang , Jingwen Yang
As an important functional monoterpene, α-terpineol can be generated through biotransformation. The transcription factor PdTP1 has been previously validated for its beneficial role in α-terpineol production via limonene biotransformation in Penicillium digitatum DSM 62840. However, the mechanistic basis of PdTP1-mediated transcriptional regulation remained elusive. In this study, DNA affinity purification sequencing was employed to identify the potential target genes of PdTP1. In combination with RNA sequencing data, a total of 981 genes were identified as the direct targets of PdTP1, participating in diverse metabolic pathways. Notably, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 were confirmed to be bound and activated by PdTP1 through yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase report assays. Overexpression of PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 promoted limonene biotransformation and increased α-terpineol production, and opposite results were observed after the silencing of these genes. These findings indicated that CYP450 genes PDIDSM_08220 and PDIDSM_577403 were regulated by transcription factor PdTP1, and played crucial roles in the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol, which will help us further understand the mechanism of α-terpineol biosynthesis.
{"title":"PdTP1 regulates the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol by targeting cytochrome P450 genes in Penicillium digitatum","authors":"Lulu Zhang , Jialin Huang , Yingjie Feng , Tingting Zhang , Fengyang Zheng , Mengyan Ouyang , Danyang Li , Shiying Wang , Jingwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important functional monoterpene, α-terpineol can be generated through biotransformation. The transcription factor PdTP1 has been previously validated for its beneficial role in α-terpineol production via limonene biotransformation in <em>Penicillium digitatum</em> DSM 62840. However, the mechanistic basis of PdTP1-mediated transcriptional regulation remained elusive. In this study, DNA affinity purification sequencing was employed to identify the potential target genes of PdTP1. In combination with RNA sequencing data, a total of 981 genes were identified as the direct targets of PdTP1, participating in diverse metabolic pathways. Notably, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> were confirmed to be bound and activated by PdTP1 through yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase report assays. Overexpression of <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> promoted limonene biotransformation and increased α-terpineol production, and opposite results were observed after the silencing of these genes. These findings indicated that CYP450 genes <em>PDIDSM_08220</em> and <em>PDIDSM_577403</em> were regulated by transcription factor PdTP1, and played crucial roles in the biotransformation of limonene to α-terpineol, which will help us further understand the mechanism of α-terpineol biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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