Food Bioscience最新文献_第8页

From bioactivity to application: Utilization of non-medicinal ginseng stems and leaves 从生物活性到应用：非药用人参茎叶的利用

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108308

Yong-bo Liu, Wei Li

Panax ginseng has attracted considerable interest due to its notable pharmacological properties. Historically, research and applications have primarily focused on the roots and rhizomes, leading to the long-term neglect of the potentially valuable non-medicinal parts such as stems and leaves. Recent studies have shown that ginseng stems and leaves (GSL), which are rich in ginsenosides, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, exhibit significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. These properties create new opportunities for application in functional foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Moreover, owing to their high ginsenoside content and cost-effectiveness, GSL have emerged as promising raw materials for extracting total ginsenosides and isolating individual ginsenosides, thereby facilitating the development of value-added products. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the bioactivities of GSL (including neuroprotective modulation, cardiovascular protection, antitumor activity, immune function enhancement, and anti-fatigue effects) and their potential in product development, with an emphasis on extraction, separation, ginsenoside transformation, the development of functional foods and dietary supplements. Finally, we discuss the translational implications and key challenges in translating bioactivity evidence into practical applications, thereby supporting the sustainable utilization of ginseng resources and the long-term development of the ginseng industry.

人参由于其显著的药理特性而引起了相当大的兴趣。历史上，研究和应用主要集中在根和根茎上，导致长期忽视了潜在的有价值的非药用部分，如茎和叶。最近的研究表明，人参茎叶（GSL）富含人参皂苷、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质，具有显著的抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节活性。这些特性为功能性食品、膳食补充剂和化妆品的应用创造了新的机会。此外，由于人参皂苷的高含量和成本效益，GSL已成为提取总皂苷和分离人参皂苷单体的有前途的原料，从而促进了增值产品的开发。本文综述了人参皂苷的生物活性（包括神经保护调节、心血管保护、抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能和抗疲劳作用）及其产品开发潜力，重点介绍了人参皂苷的提取、分离、转化、功能食品和膳食补充剂的开发等方面的研究进展。最后，我们讨论了将生物活性证据转化为实际应用的翻译意义和关键挑战，从而支持人参资源的可持续利用和人参产业的长期发展。

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引用次数: 0

Inhibitory capacity of bovine bone collagen peptides towards inflammation mediators in-vitro - Impact of the hydrolysing protease, of peptides size and of peptides synergy 牛骨胶原肽对体外炎症介质的抑制能力——水解蛋白酶、肽大小和肽协同作用的影响

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108329

Cécile Touche, Vincenza Ferraro

Collagen peptides were investigated in-vitro as potential inhibitors of lipoxygenase, trypsin and monoamine oxidases (MAO), and proteins thermal denaturation. When overexpressed or dysregulated, those enzymes, and denatured proteins, mediate several inflammatory mechanisms, and also neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, they can compromise food and drugs storage. Several synthetic and plant compounds were investigated and applied as inhibitors; however, research on bioactive peptides is lagging behind, in particular if animal-derived. In this study, collagen was extracted from bovine bone by a French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) patented process, and hydrolysed afterwards. Three endopeptidases were considered – bromelain, collagenase and papain – since they generate peptides that inhibit several oxidative species, which are linked to inflammation, cognitive decline, and loss of quality in several products. Two ratios enzyme/collagen (E/C), 1/20 and 1/50 (w/w), and two peptides sizes, ≤1000 Da and ≤3000, were considered. For the E/C 1/50, ≤1000 Da fraction, the synergy among peptides generated by the three proteases was evaluated. Significant biological activity emerged, which was mainly linked to the collagen protease specificity instead of peptides concentration. Lipoxygenase was inhibited by all the peptides, and those from collagenase showed the most important effect. Modulation of the trypsin activity was noticed; complete inhibition was obtained when the trypsin substrate was albumin. When that was casein, papain was the most effective protease, while bromelain and collagenase derived peptides increased the trypsin activity; this effect disappeared when peptides fractions were mixed. Only papain derived peptides were able to inhibit MAO. Outcome of this research can be considered encouraging for the investigated application.

在体外研究了胶原肽作为脂氧合酶、胰蛋白酶和单胺氧化酶（MAO）以及蛋白质热变性的潜在抑制剂。当过度表达或失调时，这些酶和变性蛋白介导几种炎症机制，也介导神经退行性疾病。此外，它们还会影响食物和药物的储存。研究了几种合成和植物化合物作为抑制剂的应用；然而，对生物活性肽的研究是滞后的，特别是动物来源的。本研究采用法国国家农业、食品与环境研究所（INRAE）专利工艺从牛骨中提取胶原蛋白，然后进行水解。三种内肽酶被认为是菠萝蛋白酶、胶原酶和木瓜蛋白酶，因为它们产生的肽可以抑制几种氧化物质，而氧化物质与炎症、认知能力下降和一些产品的质量下降有关。酶/胶原蛋白比值（E/C）分别为1/20和1/50 (w/w)，多肽大小分别为≤1000 Da和≤3000 Da。对于E/C 1/50，≤1000 Da的部分，评估了三种蛋白酶产生的肽之间的协同作用。出现了显著的生物活性，这主要与胶原蛋白酶特异性有关，而不是肽浓度。脂氧合酶的抑制作用以胶原酶的抑制作用最大。观察到胰蛋白酶活性的调节；当胰蛋白酶底物为白蛋白时，得到完全抑制。在酪蛋白作用下，木瓜蛋白酶是最有效的蛋白酶，而菠萝蛋白酶和胶原酶衍生肽可提高胰蛋白酶的活性；当多肽组分混合后，这种效应消失。只有木瓜蛋白酶衍生肽能够抑制MAO。本研究结果对研究应用具有鼓舞作用。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated lipidomics and transcriptomics reveal the tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms of dietary sodium butyrate on adipose tissue in lambs 综合脂质组学和转录组学揭示了饲粮丁酸钠对羔羊脂肪组织的组织特异性调节机制

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108312

Yue Zhang , Xiaotong Li , Hongbo Qu , Min Zhang , Lina Sun , Ye Jin

Adipose tissue in ruminants is crucial for energy storage and lipid metabolism regulation. Understanding the metabolic characteristics of distinct fat depots and their dietary responses is essential for elucidating lipid regulatory networks and improving meat quality. The study selected 12 healthy male lambs (3 months old, 22.37 ± 2.05 kg, Dorper ewes × Suffolk rams), which were randomly assigned to a control group and a sodium butyrate (SB) group. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to evaluate the tissue-specific effects of SB on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT). The results showed that SB reduced the saturated fatty acids (C12:0, C13:0, C16:0) in SAT and the unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3, C20:4n6) in PAT, altering fatty acid profiles. Lipidomics showed that SB enhanced membrane stability in SAT by increasing lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and ceramide, and promoted lipid catabolism in PAT by downregulating triglyceride, diglyceride, phosphatidic acid. Transcriptomics revealed that SB activated immunometabolic genes (Interleukin-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8) in SAT and lipolysis-related genes (methylsterol monooxygenase 1, squalene epoxidase) in PAT. Integrated analysis indicated that SB regulates lipid metabolism via distinct mechanisms, enhancing membrane lipid composition through stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 in SAT, and promoting glycerophospholipid metabolism and lipid signaling via heme oxygenase 1 and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase in PAT. This study reveals the tissue-specific mechanisms of SB in lambs, highlighting its novelty in demonstrating differential depot responses and its significance for guiding fat deposition and lipid homeostasis in ruminants.

反刍动物脂肪组织在能量储存和脂质代谢调节中起着至关重要的作用。了解不同脂肪库的代谢特征及其饮食反应对于阐明脂质调节网络和改善肉质至关重要。试验选择12只3月龄、体重22.37±2.05 kg的健康雄性杜泊母羊×萨福克公羊，随机分为对照组和丁酸钠组。脂质组学和转录组学分析评估SB对皮下脂肪组织（SAT）和肾周脂肪组织（PAT）的组织特异性影响。结果表明，SB还原了SAT中的饱和脂肪酸（C12:0, C13:0, C16:0）和PAT中的不饱和脂肪酸（C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3, C20:4n6），改变了脂肪酸谱。脂质组学显示，SB通过增加溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇和神经酰胺来增强SAT的膜稳定性，并通过下调甘油三酯、二甘油三酯、磷脂酸来促进PAT的脂质分解代谢。转录组学显示，SB激活了SAT中的免疫代谢基因（白介素-6、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶8）和PAT中的脂解相关基因（甲基甾醇单加氧酶1、角鲨烯环氧化酶）。综合分析表明，SB通过不同的机制调节脂质代谢，在SAT中通过硬脂酰辅酶a去饱和酶5和3-羟酰基辅酶a脱水酶1增强膜脂组成，在PAT中通过血红素加氧酶1和4-氨基丁酸氨基转移酶促进甘油磷脂代谢和脂质信号传导。本研究揭示了SB在羔羊体内的组织特异性机制，突出了它在证明不同储存反应方面的新颖性，以及它在指导反刍动物脂肪沉积和脂质稳态方面的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and molecular mechanism of tilapia skin-derived collagen peptides mitigating aging using zebrafish aging model 利用斑马鱼衰老模型鉴定罗非鱼皮肤源性胶原蛋白肽延缓衰老的分子机制

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108363

Ge Xu , Longbin Tan , Jiewen Tan , Wenzhu Zhao , Zhipeng Yu

Tilapia skin collagen peptides possess multiple biological functions, yet their potential value remains underdeveloped and underutilized. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of tilapia skin collagen peptides (TSCPs) in mitigating aging. TSCPs significantly delayed aging progression in H_₂O₂- and glucose-induced zebrafish models. Three tyrosinase-inhibitory peptides and five antiglycation peptides were identified in TSCPs through targeted screening. Specifically, peptides Ser-Glu-Gly-Lys (SEGK) and Asp-Asp-Asp (DDD) exhibited the strongest in vitro tyrosinase-inhibitory and antiglycation activity, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that both peptides bound more stably to anti-aging targets (tyrosinase and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)) through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, SEGK and DDD reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels in zebrafish models, thereby contributing to the preferable aging mitigation effects. These findings provide in-depth insights into the mechanisms by which TSCPs mitigate aging from the perspectives of antioxidation, antiglycation, and tyrosinase inhibition, offering a theoretical basis for the development of TSCPs-based functional foods.

罗非鱼皮肤胶原蛋白肽具有多种生物学功能，但其潜在价值尚未得到充分开发和利用。本研究探讨罗非鱼皮肤胶原蛋白肽（TSCPs）的抗衰老作用及其机制。在H2O2-和葡萄糖诱导的斑马鱼模型中，TSCPs显著延缓了衰老进程。通过靶向筛选，在TSCPs中鉴定出3种酪氨酸酶抑制肽和5种抗糖化肽。其中，Ser-Glu-Gly-Lys （SEGK）肽和Asp-Asp-Asp （DDD）肽分别表现出最强的体外酪氨酸酶抑制活性和抗糖化活性。分子动力学模拟表明，这两种肽通过氢键和静电相互作用更稳定地结合到抗衰老靶点（酪氨酸酶和晚期糖基化终产物受体（RAGE））上。此外，SEGK和DDD降低了斑马鱼模型中的活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）和晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）水平，从而促进了较好的延缓衰老效果。这些发现从抗氧化、抗糖化、酪氨酸酶抑制等方面深入探讨了TSCPs延缓衰老的机制，为开发基于TSCPs的功能食品提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses elucidate functional pathways and candidate genes linked to cholesterol content in pork 综合代谢组学和转录组学分析阐明了与猪肉胆固醇含量相关的功能途径和候选基因

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108421

Qi Chen, Weilong Tang, Hao Jiang, Yuheng Li, Yadong Li, Jie Chen, Lifan Zhang

Cholesterol, as a key lipid component in pork, has a role in meat quality that is still not well comprehended. This study conducts an in-depth investigation into the differential changes in metabolome and transcriptome in pork with high- and low-cholesterol content. The results identified 314 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. DAMs involved in the glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid derivatives, and glycerophospholipids were significantly different between the groups. DEGs were also involved in the extracellular matrix, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, etc. Enhanced glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway, activation of amino acid transamination, and remodeling of glycerophospholipid metabolism collectively regulate cholesterol levels in the skeletal muscle. Additionally, cholesterol content is correlated with eye muscle area, drip loss, and pH. These findings offer new perspectives on how cholesterol influences meat quality and its accumulation in pork.

胆固醇，作为猪肉中关键的脂质成分，在肉质中所起的作用仍未得到很好的理解。本研究对高胆固醇和低胆固醇猪肉代谢组和转录组的差异变化进行了深入研究。结果分别鉴定出314个差异积累代谢物（dam）和766个差异表达基因（deg）。参与糖酵解/戊糖磷酸途径、氨基酸衍生物和甘油磷脂的dam在两组之间存在显著差异。deg还参与细胞外基质、PI3K-AKT信号通路等。糖酵解/戊糖磷酸途径的增强、氨基酸转氨化的激活和甘油磷脂代谢的重塑共同调节骨骼肌中的胆固醇水平。此外，胆固醇含量与眼肌面积、滴漏损失和ph值相关。这些发现为胆固醇如何影响猪肉品质及其在猪肉中的积累提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-mediated regulation of the Maillard reaction: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and impacts on food quality 微波介导的美拉德反应：机制、影响因素及其对食品质量的影响

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108411

Hongwei Cao , Mengting Huang , Qilong Huang , Hongdong Song , Kai Huang , Yu Zhang , Jun Lu , Xiao Guan

Microwave heating and the Maillard reaction (MR) are pivotal in modern food processing, yet critical gaps persist: insufficient clarity on dielectric property-modulated MR selectivity and the synergistic/antagonistic roles of microwave thermal vs. non-thermal effects. This review systematically synthesizes experimental and theoretical literature to evaluate how microwave parameters influence MR kinetics, formation of flavor compounds, pigments, and harmful byproducts. Key findings: microwaves alter MR pathways via dual effects, with excessive power exacerbating toxicants; dielectric properties are core regulators of MR selectivity. Practical implications: optimizing microwave parameters enables targeted enhancement of food sensory quality while minimizing undesirable MR products, offering a sustainable approach for efficient, safe food processing.

微波加热和美拉德反应（MR）在现代食品加工中至关重要，但关键的空白仍然存在：对介电特性调制的MR选择性和微波热效应与非热效应的协同/拮抗作用的不清楚。本文系统地综合了实验和理论文献，以评估微波参数如何影响MR动力学，风味化合物，色素和有害副产物的形成。主要发现：微波通过双重作用改变核磁共振通路，功率过大会加剧毒性；介电性能是MR选择性的核心调节器。实际意义：优化微波参数可以有针对性地提高食品感官质量，同时最大限度地减少不需要的MR产品，为高效，安全的食品加工提供可持续的方法。

引用次数: 0

Recombinant bovine lactoferrin ameliorates cold stress-induced immunosuppression by modulating the gut microbiota in mice 重组牛乳铁蛋白通过调节小鼠肠道菌群改善冷应激诱导的免疫抑制

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108353

Lin-Lin Ding , Haiyan Sun , Xuan-Yi Xu , Yu Zhang , Ai-Mei Liao , Yin-Chen Hou , Ji-Hong Huang , Long Pan

Environmental cold exposure compromises host immunity, necessitating effective nutritional mitigation strategies. Although bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is a potent immunomodulator, its natural scarcity limits large-scale industrial use. Herein, we evaluate the immune protective efficacy and mechanism of a scalable recombinant bovine lactoferrin (UBLF) expressed in Pichia pastoris. Guided by proteomic analysis indicating immune-regulatory potential, we employed a cold-stress murine model integrating physiological monitoring, serum immunology and 16 S rRNA sequencing to assess UBLF activity. Results showed that prophylactic oral UBLF effectively mitigated physiological deficits, preventing stress-induced weight loss (maintaining weight gain vs. −0.38 g loss in the model group) and hypothermia. Systemic inflammation was significantly attenuated by downregulating serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P < 0.05), while bolstering serum immunoglobulin (IgG/IgA) levels and preserving thymic and splenic architecture. Crucially, UBLF exerted a protective effect on the lungs, significantly reducing the lung index (0.69 % vs. 1.16 % in the model group) and alleviating pulmonary pathologies, including alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration. Microbiome profiling demonstrated that UBLF ameliorated cold stress–induced gut dysbiosis by re-establishing normal microbial α-diversity and reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (from 1.48 to 0.98). This microbial restoration coincided with the selective enrichment of beneficial genera, notably Akkermansia. Collectively, our results suggest that the protective effects against cold stress–induced immunosuppression are linked to the concurrent restoration of gut microbial homeostasis and the mitigation of pulmonary inflammation, highlighting the potential involvement of the gut-lung axis. UBLF therefore emerges as a novel functional food ingredient with industrial scalability, designed to enhance host stress resilience via the gut-lung axis.

环境寒冷暴露损害宿主免疫力，需要有效的营养缓解策略。虽然牛乳铁蛋白（BLF）是一种有效的免疫调节剂，但其天然稀缺性限制了大规模工业应用。在此，我们评估了在毕赤酵母中表达的可扩展重组牛乳铁蛋白（UBLF）的免疫保护效果和机制。在显示免疫调节潜力的蛋白质组学分析的指导下，我们采用冷应激小鼠模型，结合生理监测、血清免疫学和16s rRNA测序来评估UBLF的活性。结果显示，预防性口服UBLF可有效减轻生理缺陷，防止应激性体重减轻（维持体重增加，而模型组体重减轻- 0.38 g）和体温过低。下调血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β和TNF-α可显著减轻全身炎症（P < 0.05），同时提高血清免疫球蛋白（IgG/IgA）水平，并保留胸腺和脾脏结构。至关重要的是，UBLF对肺有保护作用，显著降低肺指数（0.69%比模型组1.16%），减轻肺病理，包括肺泡壁增厚和炎症细胞浸润。微生物组分析表明，UBLF通过重建正常的微生物α-多样性和降低厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比率（从1.48降至0.98），改善了冷应激诱导的肠道生态失调。这种微生物恢复与有益菌的选择性富集一致，特别是Akkermansia。总之，我们的研究结果表明，对冷应激诱导的免疫抑制的保护作用与肠道微生物稳态的同时恢复和肺部炎症的缓解有关，强调了肠-肺轴的潜在参与。因此，UBLF作为一种具有工业可扩展性的新型功能性食品成分出现，旨在通过肠-肺轴增强宿主的应激恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Sheep milk protects while cow milk exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by differentially modulating the Akkermansia–short chain fatty acids–barrier axis 羊奶通过调节akkermansia -短链脂肪酸-屏障轴对dss诱导的结肠炎有保护作用，而牛奶通过调节akkermansia -短链脂肪酸-屏障轴使dss诱导的结肠炎恶化

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108386

Naseer Ahmad , Zhongshi Zhu , Fu Xingwei , Li Danni , Wen Qinghua , Lei Zhang , Hao Yuan , Yuxuan Song

Milk contains a rich profile of oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides and short-chain fatty acids that may beneficially modulate host–microbiome interactions, yet its mechanistic role in intestinal inflammation remains unclear. This study seeks to assess the protective benefits of sheep milk (SM) and cow milk (CM) in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis model in mice, in light of the increasing interest in functional food ingredients for gut health and the management of inflammatory conditions. SM administration markedly reduced disease activity index, prevent body weight loss, preserved colon length and alleviated epithelial injury, demonstrating strong mitigation of DSS-induced pathology. These improvements were accompanied by significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR4) and enhanced expression of mucosal barrier-associated genes (MUC1, MUC3, TFF3). Inflammatory and pathway analysis showed that SM down-regulated key inflammatory signaling markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MYD88), suggesting attenuation of TLR4–NF-κB signaling, and modulated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) receptor and oxidative response–related genes (Hcar2, Ffar2, Nrf2, HO1). 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that SM selectively restored beneficial gut microbes, most notably Akkermansia, Duncaniella, and Ligilactobacillus, whereas CM produced minimal microbial recovery. SM also significantly increased fecal SCFAs including acetate, propionate and butyrate indicating reactivation of microbial fermentation pathways essential for epithelial repair. Together, these findings identify a coordinated Akkermansia-SCFAs intestinal barrier mechanism through which SM exerts superior protection compared with CM. This work highlights SM as a promising microbiome-active functional food ingredient with potential applications for supporting gut health and mitigating intestinal inflammation.

牛奶含有丰富的低聚糖、生物活性肽和短链脂肪酸，它们可能有利于调节宿主-微生物组的相互作用，但其在肠道炎症中的机制作用尚不清楚。鉴于人们对肠道健康和炎症管理的功能性食品成分越来越感兴趣，本研究旨在评估羊奶（SM）和牛奶（CM）在右旋糖酐硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型中的保护作用。SM可显著降低疾病活动指数，防止体重下降，保留结肠长度，减轻上皮损伤，显示对dss诱导的病理有较强的缓解作用。这些改善伴随着促炎细胞因子（IL-1β、TNF-α、TLR4）的显著抑制和粘膜屏障相关基因（MUC1、MUC3、TFF3）的表达增强。炎症和通路分析显示，SM下调关键炎症信号标志物（TNF-α、IL-1β和MYD88），提示TLR4-NF -κB信号的衰减，并调节短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）受体和氧化反应相关基因（Hcar2、Ffar2、Nrf2、HO1）。16s rRNA测序显示，SM选择性地恢复了有益的肠道微生物，最显著的是Akkermansia， Duncaniella和liilactobacillus，而CM产生的微生物恢复最小。SM还显著增加了粪便SCFAs，包括醋酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐，这表明对上皮修复至关重要的微生物发酵途径被重新激活。总之，这些发现确定了一个协调的Akkermansia-SCFAs肠道屏障机制，通过该机制，SM比CM具有更好的保护作用。本研究强调了SM作为一种具有微生物活性的功能性食品成分，在支持肠道健康和减轻肠道炎症方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Triterpenoid saponin-containing Holothuria leucospilota extract mitigates amyloid-β proteotoxicity in transgenic C. elegans through activations of protein clearance and stress resistance pathways 含三萜皂苷的白花海棠提取物通过激活蛋白质清除和抗应激途径减轻转基因秀丽隐杆线虫的淀粉样蛋白-β毒性

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108427

Salinthip Thongdechsri , Chanathip Kamonnat , Tanatcha Sanguanphun , Pichnaree Kraokaew , Prapaporn Jattujan , Nakorn Niamnont , Stuart J. Smith , Scott F. Cummins , Nopporn Jongkamonwiwat , Prasert Sobhon , Krai Meemon

The black sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota, an Asian traditional food and medicine, has been explored for health benefits, including neuroprotective effects. Although its anti-Parkinson's effects have been demonstrated, its potential anti-Alzheimer's effects remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of H. leucospilota extracts on amyloid-β (Aβ) proteotoxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All fractions of H. leucospilota extracts were proven to be non-toxic to C. elegans. Among them, the ethyl acetate fraction (HLEA) at 500 μg/mL exhibited the greatest efficacy due to its ability to delay Aβ-induced paralysis in muscular Aβ-expressing C. elegans. Moreover, HLEA at 500 μg/mL rescued the chemotaxis defects in neuronal Aβ-expressing worms. The levels of Aβ oligomers and deposits declined after HLEA treatment of AD worms. Correspondingly, HLEA alleviated Aβ toxicity by lowering ROS levels and extending the lifespan of AD worms. Furthermore, differential RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the lysosome, proteasome, and antioxidant pathways were activated in HLEA-treated AD worms. RT-qPCR assays confirmed that HLEA upregulated ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophago-lysosomal, and antioxidant genes. Moreover, HLEA treatment promoted the nuclear localization of key transcription factors, SKN-1 and DAF-16, along with upregulation of their downstream antioxidant genes, indicating activation of SKN-1 and DAF-16 signaling pathways. Lastly, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that HLEA was predominantly composed of triterpenoid saponins. In summary, HLEA at 500 μg/mL diminished Aβ proteotoxicity by activating the protein clearance mechanism and SKN-1 and DAF-16 stress resistance pathways in the C. elegans AD model.

黑海参（Holothuria leucospilota）是一种亚洲传统食品和药物，它对健康的益处，包括神经保护作用，已经得到了探索。尽管其抗帕金森病的作用已被证实，但其潜在的抗阿尔茨海默病的作用仍未被探索。因此，本研究旨在探讨白螺杆藻提取物对阿尔茨海默病（AD）秀丽隐杆线虫模型中淀粉样蛋白-β (a β)蛋白毒性的影响及其机制。结果表明，各部位提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫均无毒性。其中，500 μg/mL乙酸乙酯部位（HLEA）对a β-表达的秀丽隐杆线虫具有延缓麻痹的作用，效果最好。此外，500 μg/mL的HLEA可修复表达神经元a β的线虫的趋化性缺陷。HLEA处理AD蠕虫后，Aβ低聚物和沉积水平下降。相应地，HLEA通过降低ROS水平和延长AD蠕虫的寿命来减轻Aβ毒性。此外，差异RNA测序分析显示，在hlea处理的AD蠕虫中，溶酶体、蛋白酶体和抗氧化途径被激活。RT-qPCR检测证实，HLEA上调泛素-蛋白酶体系统、自噬溶酶体和抗氧化基因。此外，HLEA处理促进了关键转录因子SKN-1和DAF-16的核定位，并上调了其下游抗氧化基因，表明SKN-1和DAF-16信号通路被激活。质谱分析表明，HLEA主要由三萜皂苷组成。综上所述，500 μg/mL的HLEA通过激活秀丽隐杆线虫AD模型中的蛋白质清除机制和SKN-1和DAF-16抗性途径，降低了Aβ蛋白毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptome and data-independent acquisition proteome analysis of the biosynthesis of Monascus azaphilone pigments and citrinin 红曲霉红素色素和柑桔素生物合成的整合转录组和数据独立获取蛋白质组分析

IF 5.9 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2026.108377

Yingying Huang , Yanchun Shao , Chenglong Yang , István Molnár

Monascus azaphilone pigments (MPs) are widely used functional food additives. However, Monascus may simultaneously produce the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT), compromising MPs safety. Here, we used comparative genome, transcriptome, and quantitative data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) proteome analyses to compare three representative Monascus purpureus strains: M3 with high MPs and high CIT titers, M34 with high MPs and low CIT titers, and M69 with low titers of both products. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed high similarity among these strains. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified by pairwise comparisons among the strains during peak metabolite production, and selected DEGs and DAPs were verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and parallel reaction monitoring. An integrated analysis revealed DEG/DAPs correlating with altered MPs and CIT production, providing insights for strain breeding to engineer safer and more efficient MPs production processes in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

红曲霉色素是应用广泛的功能性食品添加剂。然而，红曲霉可能同时产生霉菌毒素citrinin (CIT)，影响MPs的安全性。在这里，我们使用比较基因组、转录组和定量数据独立获取质谱（DIA-MS）蛋白质组分析来比较三种具有代表性的红曲霉菌株：M3具有高MPs和高CIT滴度，M34具有高MPs和低CIT滴度，M69具有两种产品的低滴度。比较基因组分析证实了这些菌株之间的高度相似性。在代谢产物产生高峰时，通过两两比较鉴定菌株间的差异表达基因（DEGs）和差异丰富蛋白（DAPs），并通过反转录定量聚合酶链反应和平行反应监测对所选的DEGs和DAPs进行验证。一项综合分析显示，DEG/DAPs与改变的MPs和CIT生产相关，为菌株育种提供了见解，以便在食品、化妆品和制药行业设计更安全、更高效的MPs生产流程。

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引用次数: 0