Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/3
A. Vays, Pavel Mihaylov, A. Melnik, S. Chanchikova, O. Gerasimova, Evgeniy Anuev, A. Nepovinnykh
Forest ecosystems, in particular pine plantations, are currently experiencing a complex of negative factors that affect both the condition of plantations and their growth indicators. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition and productivity of suburban pine forests of Krasnoyarsk, as well as statistical regression assessment of carbon concentration in the growing, dying and dried part of the forest stands. The object of research is pine forests of natural origin of Karaulnoe area forestry of experimental forestry of M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University, located in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. Evaluation of sanitary category of pine forests allowed to state mainly "weakened" their condition. Regression analysis ascertained a reliable one-coefficient linear relationship between the carbon of different parts of pine forests and the supply of trunk wood and the completeness of forest stands. In this case, when predicting the carbon of the deadwood part of the stand, it must be divided into two parts: caused by external influences (forest fires, the stage of obsolescence, phyto-pathological conditions) more than 20 tS*ha-1 and caused by natural fall-off to 20 tS*ha-1. As a result, it was found that in high-density, dense pine forests of the subtaiga forest-steppe region of Middle Siberia, the stability of pine forests is due to a complex of factors: age structure (when the active phase of growth in plantations is terminated, indicators of vitality decrease); completeness (high density worsens the condition of trees); stock (growth of the number of trunk wood per unit area contributes to an increase in the drying part of the pine stand); climatic conditions (an increase in temperature during the growing season and a decrease in the amount of precipitation).
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE SUBTAIGA FOREST-STEPPE REGION OF CENTRAL SIBERIA","authors":"A. Vays, Pavel Mihaylov, A. Melnik, S. Chanchikova, O. Gerasimova, Evgeniy Anuev, A. Nepovinnykh","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/3","url":null,"abstract":"Forest ecosystems, in particular pine plantations, are currently experiencing a complex of negative factors that \u0000affect both the condition of plantations and their growth indicators. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition and productivity of suburban pine forests of Krasnoyarsk, as well as statistical regression assessment of carbon \u0000concentration in the growing, dying and dried part of the forest stands. The object of research is pine forests of natural \u0000origin of Karaulnoe area forestry of experimental forestry of M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University, located in the \u0000suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. Evaluation of sanitary category of pine forests allowed to state mainly \"weakened\" their \u0000condition. Regression analysis ascertained a reliable one-coefficient linear relationship between the carbon of different \u0000parts of pine forests and the supply of trunk wood and the completeness of forest stands. In this case, when predicting \u0000the carbon of the deadwood part of the stand, it must be divided into two parts: caused by external influences (forest \u0000fires, the stage of obsolescence, phyto-pathological conditions) more than 20 tS*ha-1 and caused by natural fall-off to 20 \u0000tS*ha-1. As a result, it was found that in high-density, dense pine forests of the subtaiga forest-steppe region of Middle \u0000Siberia, the stability of pine forests is due to a complex of factors: age structure (when the active phase of growth in \u0000plantations is terminated, indicators of vitality decrease); completeness (high density worsens the condition of trees); \u0000stock (growth of the number of trunk wood per unit area contributes to an increase in the drying part of the pine stand); \u0000climatic conditions (an increase in temperature during the growing season and a decrease in the amount of precipitation).","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72706644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/5
V. Slavskiy, Tat'yana Nakonechnaya, E. Titov, Z. Govedar
Biodiversity is one of the stand sustainability criteria. The study of the biodiversity of common hazel in the Voronezh region will make it possible to control the conservation of the genetic potential, as well as update information on the state of populations and forms in order to develop recommendations for the effective cultivation of this breed. Interest in common hazel in the Russian Federation has increased significantly in recent years - more and more attention is paid to breeding work not only in areas of industrial cultivation, but also in the Volga region, the Central regions of the Russian Federation, Siberia and the Urals. The article considers biodiversity and assesses the state of common hazel growing in different types of forest conditions on the territory of the Prigorodny and Somovsky forestries of the Voronezh region. The studies were carried out using standard methodological approaches and current regulatory documents. The study area was 17580.7 ha, incl. with the presence of hazel - 4595.5 ha (26% of the total area). Field survey was carried out on more than 5% of the total area. In terms of relative and absolute density of growth, common hazel reaches its maximum in fresh oak forests. In the course of biodiversity assessment studies, it was revealed that common hazel occurs in a very wide range of forest conditions, and therefore, can grow together with most forest-forming species of the Voronezh region. Mostly found in fresh oak forest conditions - the most common TLU S2D (occurrence about 83%) and D2 (77%). At the same time, with a certain degree of success, it can grow in both dry and wet forest conditions. In the course of assessing the state of common hazel plantations, no significant differences were found depending on the growth in the types of forest conditions. The exception is excessively wet and very dry conditions. The revealed tolerance to growing conditions must certainly be taken into account when increasing the biodiversity of forests in the Voronezh region.
{"title":"STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF COMMON HAZEL (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) IN THE VORONEZH REGION","authors":"V. Slavskiy, Tat'yana Nakonechnaya, E. Titov, Z. Govedar","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/5","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is one of the stand sustainability criteria. The study of the biodiversity of common hazel in the \u0000Voronezh region will make it possible to control the conservation of the genetic potential, as well as update information \u0000on the state of populations and forms in order to develop recommendations for the effective cultivation of this breed. \u0000Interest in common hazel in the Russian Federation has increased significantly in recent years - more and more attention \u0000is paid to breeding work not only in areas of industrial cultivation, but also in the Volga region, the Central regions of \u0000the Russian Federation, Siberia and the Urals. The article considers biodiversity and assesses the state of common hazel \u0000growing in different types of forest conditions on the territory of the Prigorodny and Somovsky forestries of the Voronezh region. The studies were carried out using standard methodological approaches and current regulatory documents. \u0000The study area was 17580.7 ha, incl. with the presence of hazel - 4595.5 ha (26% of the total area). Field survey was \u0000carried out on more than 5% of the total area. In terms of relative and absolute density of growth, common hazel reaches its maximum in fresh oak forests. In the course of biodiversity assessment studies, it was revealed that common hazel \u0000occurs in a very wide range of forest conditions, and therefore, can grow together with most forest-forming species of \u0000the Voronezh region. Mostly found in fresh oak forest conditions - the most common TLU S2D (occurrence about 83%) \u0000and D2 (77%). At the same time, with a certain degree of success, it can grow in both dry and wet forest conditions. In \u0000the course of assessing the state of common hazel plantations, no significant differences were found depending on the \u0000growth in the types of forest conditions. The exception is excessively wet and very dry conditions. The revealed tolerance to growing conditions must certainly be taken into account when increasing the biodiversity of forests in the Voronezh region.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81308778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/1
Dmitry Mamonov, S. Morkovina, S. Matveev, S. Sheshnitsan, V. Ivetić
Current state of forest carbon budget accounting both in Russia and abroad is characterized by wide variety of methodological approaches and models. Therefore, final estimates have discrepancies. The results of comparative analysis of methods used to assess carbon sequestration in pine-birch forest stands are presented. The composition, growth and biological productivity of forest stands were analyzed as well as carbon stock was calculated for pine-birch forest stands in various age groups in the Central Forest-Steppe. The dynamics of biological productivity of modal forest stands with mixed composition is investigated. Significant differences were found in quantitative assessment of carbon deposited by forest stands obtained with three different methodologies. Discrepancies in carbon content estimations in forest stands with different age and composition obtained by different methods vary from 2.0 to 33.9%. The problem of reliable assessment of carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems of the Central Forest-Steppe requires regional approaches in development of assessment methods to provide precise results and minimize uncertainty of evaluations
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION ACCOUNTING METHODS BY PINE-BIRCH FOREST PLANTATIONS IN VORONEZH REGION","authors":"Dmitry Mamonov, S. Morkovina, S. Matveev, S. Sheshnitsan, V. Ivetić","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/1","url":null,"abstract":"Current state of forest carbon budget accounting both in Russia and abroad is characterized by wide variety of \u0000methodological approaches and models. Therefore, final estimates have discrepancies. The results of comparative analysis of methods used to assess carbon sequestration in pine-birch forest stands are presented. The composition, growth \u0000and biological productivity of forest stands were analyzed as well as carbon stock was calculated for pine-birch forest \u0000stands in various age groups in the Central Forest-Steppe. The dynamics of biological productivity of modal forest \u0000stands with mixed composition is investigated. Significant differences were found in quantitative assessment of carbon \u0000deposited by forest stands obtained with three different methodologies. Discrepancies in carbon content estimations in \u0000forest stands with different age and composition obtained by different methods vary from 2.0 to 33.9%. The problem of \u0000reliable assessment of carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems of the Central Forest-Steppe requires regional approaches in development of assessment methods to provide precise results and minimize uncertainty of evaluations","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74081102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/1
Alper Ozbey, N. Bilir
Many environmental and biological factors could be effective on estimation of genetic parameters in progeny trials. Number of blocks (also called as replicate) is one of the most important environmental factors in these estimations. Effect of block scenarios on genetic parameters were investigated based on height and diameter at breast height in a 23-year-old progeny trial established by 4 blocks of seed stand and seed orchard seedlings of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in this study. Averages were 14.14 m for tree height and 17.69 cm for diameter at breast height in polled seed sources. Generally significant (p<0.05) differences among blocks, and families for the traits in the scenarios were found by results of analysis of variance. While variance of error was similar for both traits, there were large differences were estimated among other variance components for the scenarios. Individual heritability, phenotypic coefficient of variation, genetic coefficient of variation, and genetic gain varied for the traits and block scenarios. Results of the study emphasized effect of block numbers on genetic parameters
{"title":"BLOCK EFFECT ON GENETIC PARAMETERS IN A 23-YEAR-OLD PROGENY TRIAL OF PINUS BRUTIA","authors":"Alper Ozbey, N. Bilir","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/1","url":null,"abstract":"Many environmental and biological factors could be effective on estimation of genetic parameters in progeny trials. Number of blocks (also called as replicate) is one of the most important environmental factors in these estimations. Effect of block scenarios on genetic parameters were investigated based on height and diameter at breast height in a 23-year-old progeny trial established by 4 blocks of seed stand and seed orchard seedlings of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in this study. Averages were 14.14 m for tree height and 17.69 cm for diameter at breast height in polled seed sources. Generally significant (p<0.05) differences among blocks, and families for the traits in the scenarios were found by results of analysis of variance. While variance of error was similar for both traits, there were large differences were estimated among other variance components for the scenarios. Individual heritability, phenotypic coefficient of variation, genetic coefficient of variation, and genetic gain varied for the traits and block scenarios. Results of the study emphasized effect of block numbers on genetic parameters","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84489847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/9
M. Drapalyuk, P. Popikov, P. Goncharov, D. Druchinin, M. Gnusov, E. Pozdnyakov, A. Petkov
To date, the problem of forest fires does not lose its relevance. New technical means are being developed to prevent and eliminate forest fires. The article describes laboratory tests of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker. To conduct experiments on the study and analysis of the process of throwing soil with a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker, a laboratory installation was developed and manufactured with the ability to change a large number of adjustment parameters with the ability to work in the soil channel of the MF and MD laboratory. The program of experimental studies included the study of the process of throwing soil with a throwing cutter equipped with 6, 4 or 3 blades, when working together with spherical disks with a diameter of 440 mm. The experimental studies were carried out as follows. Initially, by turning on the hydraulic drive, the cutter-thrower of the experimental sample of forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker was put into rotation. The speed of the cutter-thrower was 500 rpm. Then the attachment of the traction and energy trolley was put into operation, which lowered the cutter-thrower to contact with the soil. The trolley was set in motion at a constant speed of 0.28 m/s and covered a distance of 10 m in 36 to 38 s, taking into account acceleration and deceleration. The depth of the cutter-thrower was 0.15 m. At the end of the movement, it was braked and the hydraulic motor was turned off, which set the cutter-thrower in motion. The pressure characteristics of the working fluid, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the operation of the device, were taken using the strain gauge station ZetLab (ZET 058). According to the results of processing the experimental data, it was determined that it is rational to use 6 blades to equip the design of the cutter-thrower. The optimal value of the angle γ of their installation is -10º.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE CUTTER-THROWER OF FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE WITH THE FUNCTION OF FIRE-BREAK MAKER","authors":"M. Drapalyuk, P. Popikov, P. Goncharov, D. Druchinin, M. Gnusov, E. Pozdnyakov, A. Petkov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/9","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the problem of forest fires does not lose its relevance. New technical means are being developed to prevent and eliminate forest fires. The article describes laboratory tests of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker. To conduct experiments on the study and analysis of the process of throwing soil with a forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker, a laboratory installation was developed and manufactured with the ability to change a large number of adjustment parameters with the ability to work in the soil channel of the MF and MD laboratory. The program of experimental studies included the study of the process of throwing soil with a throwing cutter equipped with 6, 4 or 3 blades, when working together with spherical disks with a diameter of 440 mm. The experimental studies were carried out as follows. Initially, by turning on the hydraulic drive, the cutter-thrower of the experimental sample of forest fire soil-throwing machine with the function of fire-break maker was put into rotation. The speed of the cutter-thrower was 500 rpm. Then the attachment of the traction and energy trolley was put into operation, which lowered the cutter-thrower to contact with the soil. The trolley was set in motion at a constant speed of 0.28 m/s and covered a distance of 10 m in 36 to 38 s, taking into account acceleration and deceleration. The depth of the cutter-thrower was 0.15 m. At the end of the movement, it was braked and the hydraulic motor was turned off, which set the cutter-thrower in motion. The pressure characteristics of the working fluid, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the operation of the device, were taken using the strain gauge station ZetLab (ZET 058). According to the results of processing the experimental data, it was determined that it is rational to use 6 blades to equip the design of the cutter-thrower. The optimal value of the angle γ of their installation is -10º.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78541403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/11
P. Popikov, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Gnusov, A. Petkov
Currently, the most common way to prevent and extinguish forest ground fires is laying of mineralized strips and ditches using forest plows, milling strip-laying machines and soil throwers. However, fire-break making soil throwers are not equipped with devices for removing the ground cover with combustible plant residues from the soil flow supplied to the fire zone when extinguishing forest ground fires, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the machine. Augers with a hydraulic drive are promising, which allow removing the ground cover, however, additional studies of kinematic and dynamic parameters are needed. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of cleaning the flow of soil from the ground cover supplied to the edge of the fire by a forest fire stripper by substantiating the parameters of the auger working bodies. The analysis of literary sources showed that it is advisable to use modern mathematical models of the interaction between an object and the environment, based on the particle dynamics method, in the development of a forest fire soil-throwing machine. A new design of a forest fire soil thrower with auger working bodies, which are designed to remove the ground cover, is presented. A simulation model of the working process of auger working bodies using the particle dynamics method was compiled. A basic computer experiment was carried out to clean the soil flow from the forest litter. It has been established that pressure in the hydraulic motor decreases approximately exponentially, and the rotational speed of the working body also increases approximately exponentially up to 4 rpm during the acceleration of the working body. The interaction of the working body with the stump led to the appearance of a negative braking torque of up to 4.5 kNm. As a result, the rotational speed of the drum decreased from 4 rpm to almost zero. With a decrease in the rotational speed, the pressure in the hydraulic motor of the drive of the working body increased to 12.5 MPa. The auger working body provides approximately the same cleaning efficiency of the soil flow with a ground cover thickness of up to 20 cm, while the cleaning completeness is at least 0.86, and the power consumption is not more than 8 kW
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AUGER DRUM PARAMETERS OF FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE WITH THE FUNCTION OF FIRE-BREAK MAKER ON THE QUALITY OF SOIL FLOW CLEANING FROM THE GROUND COVER","authors":"P. Popikov, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Gnusov, A. Petkov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/11","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the most common way to prevent and extinguish forest ground fires is laying of mineralized strips and ditches using forest plows, milling strip-laying machines and soil throwers. However, fire-break making soil throwers are not equipped with devices for removing the ground cover with combustible plant residues from the soil flow supplied to the fire zone when extinguishing forest ground fires, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the machine. Augers with a hydraulic drive are promising, which allow removing the ground cover, however, additional studies of kinematic and dynamic parameters are needed. The purpose of this work is to improve the quality of cleaning the flow of soil from the ground cover supplied to the edge of the fire by a forest fire stripper by substantiating the parameters of the auger working bodies. The analysis of literary sources showed that it is advisable to use modern mathematical models of the interaction between an object and the environment, based on the particle dynamics method, in the development of a forest fire soil-throwing machine. A new design of a forest fire soil thrower with auger working bodies, which are designed to remove the ground cover, is presented. A simulation model of the working process of auger working bodies using the particle dynamics method was compiled. A basic computer experiment was carried out to clean the soil flow from the forest litter. It has been established that pressure in the hydraulic motor decreases approximately exponentially, and the rotational speed of the working body also increases approximately exponentially up to 4 rpm during the acceleration of the working body. The interaction of the working body with the stump led to the appearance of a negative braking torque of up to 4.5 kNm. As a result, the rotational speed of the drum decreased from 4 rpm to almost zero. With a decrease in the rotational speed, the pressure in the hydraulic motor of the drive of the working body increased to 12.5 MPa. The auger working body provides approximately the same cleaning efficiency of the soil flow with a ground cover thickness of up to 20 cm, while the cleaning completeness is at least 0.86, and the power consumption is not more than 8 kW","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72999146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/2
D. Danilov, N. Beliaeva, D. Zaytsev, I. Anisimova
The influence of the stand composition on taxation indicators and the stock of mature pine and spruce stands have been considered. The objects of study are forest stands with different proportions of pine and spruce in the most represented green moss forests of the landscape of the Tikhvin Ridge (Boksitogorsky forestry) of the Leningrad region. Stock assessment and determination of taxation indicators were carried out on trial plots laid out according to standard forestry methods. Commodity structure of the stand and different yield of assortments by size categories depend on the share of participation of one or another species in the composition of the plantation by the age of clear-cutting in the taiga zone in different types of forests. The purpose of the study was to determine optimal plantation composition in terms of stock and large-scale marketability by the age of maturity of the stand. The most productive in terms of stock and output of large-scale coniferous wood under the studied growing conditions are pine forests with a stand composition of 8C2E, 7C1E2B, 5C4E1B and spruce forests with a composition of 7E1C2B, 4E2C4Os+B. The obtained results of the study show that with an increase in the share of pine in the plantations of the green moss group of forest types, the yield of large-sized coniferous wood assortments increases by the age of a ripe forest stand
{"title":"TAXATION INDICATORS AND COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF RIPE MIXED PINE AND SPRUCE STANDS IN GREENMOSS FORESTS","authors":"D. Danilov, N. Beliaeva, D. Zaytsev, I. Anisimova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/2","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the stand composition on taxation indicators and the stock of mature pine and spruce stands have been considered. The objects of study are forest stands with different proportions of pine and spruce in the most represented green moss forests of the landscape of the Tikhvin Ridge (Boksitogorsky forestry) of the Leningrad region. Stock assessment and determination of taxation indicators were carried out on trial plots laid out according to standard forestry methods. Commodity structure of the stand and different yield of assortments by size categories depend on the share of participation of one or another species in the composition of the plantation by the age of clear-cutting in the taiga zone in different types of forests. The purpose of the study was to determine optimal plantation composition in terms of stock and large-scale marketability by the age of maturity of the stand. The most productive in terms of stock and output of large-scale coniferous wood under the studied growing conditions are pine forests with a stand composition of 8C2E, 7C1E2B, 5C4E1B and spruce forests with a composition of 7E1C2B, 4E2C4Os+B. The obtained results of the study show that with an increase in the share of pine in the plantations of the green moss group of forest types, the yield of large-sized coniferous wood assortments increases by the age of a ripe forest stand","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/8
M. Drapalyuk, A. Petkov, A. Pozdnyakov
When solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of a forest fire soil-throwing machine containing a multi-stage rotor-thrower, a design is proposed in which the soil shaft is fully fed simultaneously to all blades of the multi-stage rotor-thrower. Determination of the kinematic parameters of the throwing process must be modeled taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires with soil, by substantiating the parameters of a soil-throwing machine based on simulation of the working process of a rotor-thrower. As a result of the computational experiment, graphs are presented for determining the soil outlet angle and the ejection range with a zero blade inclination angle and for determining the soil outlet angle and ejection distance with a combined blade inclination angle. For given values of disk radii, the maximum soil fraction is ejected by the third disk, and the minimum by the first one. Therefore, the result of the computational experiment on the ratio predictably places the maximum amount of soil (more than 30%) at the distance of overlapping the trajectories of movement of soil particles ejected by the first and third disks, namely, in the range from 10.4-11.2 m. Thus, the software package can calculate not only the trajectory of soil movement depending on the design and technological parameters of the thrower rotor, by which it is possible to estimate the size of the ejection layer, but also the distribution of soil in the layer. The distribution obtained as a result of a computational experiment can be used to accumulate a database on the range of the largest part of the ejected soil and to refine the layer of maximum backfilling, taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil
{"title":"THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION MODELING OF THE WORKING PROCESS OF THE ROTOR-THROWER OF A FOREST FIRE SOIL-THROWING MACHINE","authors":"M. Drapalyuk, A. Petkov, A. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/8","url":null,"abstract":"When solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of a forest fire soil-throwing machine containing a multi-stage rotor-thrower, a design is proposed in which the soil shaft is fully fed simultaneously to all blades of the multi-stage rotor-thrower. Determination of the kinematic parameters of the throwing process must be modeled taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of the prevention and extinguishing of forest fires with soil, by substantiating the parameters of a soil-throwing machine based on simulation of the working process of a rotor-thrower. As a result of the computational experiment, graphs are presented for determining the soil outlet angle and the ejection range with a zero blade inclination angle and for determining the soil outlet angle and ejection distance with a combined blade inclination angle. For given values of disk radii, the maximum soil fraction is ejected by the third disk, and the minimum by the first one. Therefore, the result of the computational experiment on the ratio predictably places the maximum amount of soil (more than 30%) at the distance of overlapping the trajectories of movement of soil particles ejected by the first and third disks, namely, in the range from 10.4-11.2 m. Thus, the software package can calculate not only the trajectory of soil movement depending on the design and technological parameters of the thrower rotor, by which it is possible to estimate the size of the ejection layer, but also the distribution of soil in the layer. The distribution obtained as a result of a computational experiment can be used to accumulate a database on the range of the largest part of the ejected soil and to refine the layer of maximum backfilling, taking into account physical and mechanical properties of soil","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/4
L. Bryndina, I. Svistova, O. Baklanova
This paper presents the results of a study of carbon sorbent from sewage sludge and sawdust (biochar) effect on the restoration of soil microbiome after herbicide treatment. At the genus level, 28 representatives were found in the original soil, 35.7% of which were aerobes. Of these, Gaiella and Methylotenera predominated. Of the anaerobic - most were Veillonella and Faecalibacterium. The proportion of microorganisms affected by the herbicide was 71.4%. 32% completely disappeared from the soil microbial community, 39.3% recovered after the introduction of biochar. There was a recovery almost to the original value of microorganisms of the genera Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, Gaiella, Ilumatobacter, Gemmatimonas. The number of Azotobacter increased by 7.3 times. In the soil subjected to herbicide treatment, the proportion of microorganisms exhibiting catalase activity decreases or completely disappears. Members of the genus Gaiella, known as catalase-positive bacteria, were absent in herbicide-treated soil. Their population resumed after soil treatment with biochar, . Intrasporangium, also being catalase positive, were reduced by more than 4 times under the action of the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with a biosorbent made it possible to restore their numbers by 56%. The introduction of biochar from sewage sludge and sawdust into the soil activated the soil microbiota. The assessment of α-diversity by the Shannon index showed a 1.5-fold decrease in the species diversity of the microbial community of the soil treated with the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with biochar restored the soil microbiome, with a Shannon index of 2.4.
{"title":"RESTORATION OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AFTER HERBICIDE STRESS","authors":"L. Bryndina, I. Svistova, O. Baklanova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study of carbon sorbent from sewage sludge and sawdust (biochar) effect on the restoration of soil microbiome after herbicide treatment. At the genus level, 28 representatives were found in the original soil, 35.7% of which were aerobes. Of these, Gaiella and Methylotenera predominated. Of the anaerobic - most were Veillonella and Faecalibacterium. The proportion of microorganisms affected by the herbicide was 71.4%. 32% completely disappeared from the soil microbial community, 39.3% recovered after the introduction of biochar. There was a recovery almost to the original value of microorganisms of the genera Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, Gaiella, Ilumatobacter, Gemmatimonas. The number of Azotobacter increased by 7.3 times. In the soil subjected to herbicide treatment, the proportion of microorganisms exhibiting catalase activity decreases or completely disappears. Members of the genus Gaiella, known as catalase-positive bacteria, were absent in herbicide-treated soil. Their population resumed after soil treatment with biochar, . Intrasporangium, also being catalase positive, were reduced by more than 4 times under the action of the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with a biosorbent made it possible to restore their numbers by 56%. The introduction of biochar from sewage sludge and sawdust into the soil activated the soil microbiota. The assessment of α-diversity by the Shannon index showed a 1.5-fold decrease in the species diversity of the microbial community of the soil treated with the herbicide. Cleaning the soil with biochar restored the soil microbiome, with a Shannon index of 2.4.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82957804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/7
M. Drapalyuk, L. Bukhtoyarov, Anastasiya Prokudina
An important technological operation in the care of forest crops is mechanized cutting of branches of unwanted vegetation. The working bodies used for cutting differ in design and energy costs for the cutting process. It is necessary to develop a methodology and conduct experimental studies of the process of cutting branches to select the working bodies to the greatest extent corresponding to the object of cutting. At present, systems based on strain gauges are widely used for the experimental study of machine parameters. However, along with them, digital interface is increasingly being introduced into measuring instruments such as oscilloscopes and multimeters. When studying the process of cutting branches with a rotor driven by an electric motor, the cutting resistance forces will create a torque on the shaft, which will lead to a change in the consumed current. The change in current strength can be measured with a multimeter, which enables to set the power indicators of the cutting process for the investigated rotors. In the work, a 3D model of rotors with rigidly mounted and hinged blades was developed using reverse engineering with the help of Solidworks CAD. The main geometric and mass characteristics of the rotors have been determined. The principle of connecting the measuring equipment (UNI-T 61E multimeter and shunt 75SHIP1-5-0.5) for measuring the cutting power of branches has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out and differences in the power indicators of cutting for two types of working bodies have been established
{"title":"RESULTS OF THE STUDIES OF BRANCH CUTTING PROCESS USING A ROTOR WITH ARTICULATED AND RIGIDLY INSTALLED BLADES","authors":"M. Drapalyuk, L. Bukhtoyarov, Anastasiya Prokudina","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/7","url":null,"abstract":"An important technological operation in the care of forest crops is mechanized cutting of branches of unwanted vegetation. The working bodies used for cutting differ in design and energy costs for the cutting process. It is necessary to develop a methodology and conduct experimental studies of the process of cutting branches to select the working bodies to the greatest extent corresponding to the object of cutting. At present, systems based on strain gauges are widely used for the experimental study of machine parameters. However, along with them, digital interface is increasingly being introduced into measuring instruments such as oscilloscopes and multimeters. When studying the process of cutting branches with a rotor driven by an electric motor, the cutting resistance forces will create a torque on the shaft, which will lead to a change in the consumed current. The change in current strength can be measured with a multimeter, which enables to set the power indicators of the cutting process for the investigated rotors. In the work, a 3D model of rotors with rigidly mounted and hinged blades was developed using reverse engineering with the help of Solidworks CAD. The main geometric and mass characteristics of the rotors have been determined. The principle of connecting the measuring equipment (UNI-T 61E multimeter and shunt 75SHIP1-5-0.5) for measuring the cutting power of branches has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out and differences in the power indicators of cutting for two types of working bodies have been established","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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