Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/12
Alina Nalivaychenko, P. Skripnikov, S. Gorbov, Anna Mateckaya
The article provides a detailed analysis of the composition and condition of the vegetation cover of individual old-growth artificial forest plantations of the Rostov agglomeration. Field studies of urban vegetation were carried out within the territories of the city of Rostov-on-Don: The Shchepkinsky Forest plantation, the Temernitskaya Grove city grove, the nursery of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University, the park named after. N. Ostrovsky, park them. K. Chukovsky, Ordzhonikidze Park and forest plantation in Aksai. As part of the monitoring, geobotanical descriptions were carried out to assess the species diversity of tree species and subsoil herbaceous vegetation. It has been established that the largest contribution to the composition of the forest park zones of the cities of the South. Rostov-on-Don are introduced by adventive, synanthropic, cultigenic and weed vascular plants. The flora of the agglomeration today remains quite peculiar. Of the seven studied park and recreational zones, the largest floristic composition was noted for «Shchepkinsky Forest» and «Temernitskaya Grove» territories. Even though the Temernitskaya Grove is under anthropogenic pressure, its herbaceous cover is more diverse than in the Shchepkinsky forest. Healthy, weakened and strongly weakened state of the forest stand is noted in all plots. The most identical in systematic composition are very remote groups of park and recreational zones.
{"title":"THE STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY OF SOME FOREST-PARK PHYTOCENOSES OF THE ROSTOV AGGLOMERATION","authors":"Alina Nalivaychenko, P. Skripnikov, S. Gorbov, Anna Mateckaya","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/12","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a detailed analysis of the composition and condition of the vegetation cover of individual old-growth artificial forest plantations of the Rostov agglomeration. Field studies of urban vegetation were carried out within the territories of the city of Rostov-on-Don: The Shchepkinsky Forest plantation, the Temernitskaya Grove city grove, the nursery of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University, the park named after. N. Ostrovsky, park them. K. Chukovsky, Ordzhonikidze Park and forest plantation in Aksai. As part of the monitoring, geobotanical descriptions were carried out to assess the species diversity of tree species and subsoil herbaceous vegetation. It has been established that the largest contribution to the composition of the forest park zones of the cities of the South. Rostov-on-Don are introduced by adventive, synanthropic, cultigenic and weed vascular plants. The flora of the agglomeration today remains quite peculiar. Of the seven studied park and recreational zones, the largest floristic composition was noted for «Shchepkinsky Forest» and «Temernitskaya Grove» territories. Even though the Temernitskaya Grove is under anthropogenic pressure, its herbaceous cover is more diverse than in the Shchepkinsky forest. Healthy, weakened and strongly weakened state of the forest stand is noted in all plots. The most identical in systematic composition are very remote groups of park and recreational zones.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77702858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/3
G. Kisternyy
Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. is relevant from the perspective of the potential opportunities for further natural regeneration of the forest. The main reason for the decrease in the biological stability of the pine plantation was the development of the root sponge focus. Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales. Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found in the first and second vegetative periods of development within the boundaries of average values. For trees of different status categories during the whole period of observations it was 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35% respectively, which indicated sufficient quality of pollination and marked compatibility of male and female genotypes against the background of reduced viability of mother trees. Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%. The sensitivity of the generative sphere of Scots pine to the stress caused by the development of the disease has been proved. A significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones and a relative increase in female reproduction rates were confirmed with the weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root sponge. The possibility of identifying separate periods of preservation of ovules during gametophytic and embryonic cycles and the annual regularity of seed production allow us to recommend Scots pine for monitoring the state of the female generative sphere and assess the potential of the species to survive the action of aggressive stressors, such as Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.
{"title":"THE STATE OF THE FEMALE GENERATIVE SPHERE OF SCOTS PINE IN THE ACTIVE FOCUS OF THE ROOT FUNGUS (Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.)","authors":"G. Kisternyy","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/3","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. is relevant from the perspective of the potential opportunities for further natural regeneration of the forest. The main reason for the decrease in the biological stability of the pine plantation was the development of the root sponge focus. Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales. Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found in the first and second vegetative periods of development within the boundaries of average values. For trees of different status categories during the whole period of observations it was 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35% respectively, which indicated sufficient quality of pollination and marked compatibility of male and female genotypes against the background of reduced viability of mother trees. Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%. The sensitivity of the generative sphere of Scots pine to the stress caused by the development of the disease has been proved. A significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones and a relative increase in female reproduction rates were confirmed with the weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root sponge. The possibility of identifying separate periods of preservation of ovules during gametophytic and embryonic cycles and the annual regularity of seed production allow us to recommend Scots pine for monitoring the state of the female generative sphere and assess the potential of the species to survive the action of aggressive stressors, such as Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75678217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/11
T. Devyatova, S. Bozhko, Y. Gorbunova, Lidiya Yablonskih
On the territory of the Pridonsky cretaceous forest-steppe region of the forest-steppe province of the Central Russian Upland, a large area is occupied by eroded soils and soils of gully-beam complexes. Various agrophytocenoses play an important role in the formation of erosion-accumulative processes. Soil flushing is common mainly in plowed areas. Denudation, deluvial and proluvial processes occur on the banks and bottoms of beams occupied by natural phytocenoses. The influence of anti-erosion forest belts on the intensity of erosion and soil accumulation is noted. Under the forest belts and on the adjacent sections of the slopes, washed and buried soils are formed. The features of the composition of the soil cover and soil properties according to the relief elements and phytocenoses of the beam catchment are noted. The proportion of soils exposed to the simultaneous effects of erosion and accumulation in the soil cover of the beam catchment is determined. The changes in the agronomic and physico-chemical properties of the soil under the influence of erosion-accumulative processes on the elements of the relief of the catchment area of the Log Repny and various land plots are studied. The change in the content of humus and the main elements of mineral nutrition of plants in the soils subject to these processes has been established. The taxonomic levels of the identification of signs of erosion and accumulation, depending on their intensity and nature, are clarified. The expediency of allocating the degree of soil flushing at the species level is shown. It is recommended to consider the signs of deluvial and denudation processes on the banks of the beam at the level of the soil type. Proposals have been developed to improve the classification of gully-beam soils.
{"title":"SOIL COVER AND SOIL PROPERTIES OF SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE PRIDONSKY CRETACEOUS FOREST-STEPPE REGION OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN UPLAND","authors":"T. Devyatova, S. Bozhko, Y. Gorbunova, Lidiya Yablonskih","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/11","url":null,"abstract":"On the territory of the Pridonsky cretaceous forest-steppe region of the forest-steppe province of the Central Russian Upland, a large area is occupied by eroded soils and soils of gully-beam complexes. Various agrophytocenoses play an important role in the formation of erosion-accumulative processes. Soil flushing is common mainly in plowed areas. Denudation, deluvial and proluvial processes occur on the banks and bottoms of beams occupied by natural phytocenoses. The influence of anti-erosion forest belts on the intensity of erosion and soil accumulation is noted. Under the forest belts and on the adjacent sections of the slopes, washed and buried soils are formed. The features of the composition of the soil cover and soil properties according to the relief elements and phytocenoses of the beam catchment are noted. The proportion of soils exposed to the simultaneous effects of erosion and accumulation in the soil cover of the beam catchment is determined. The changes in the agronomic and physico-chemical properties of the soil under the influence of erosion-accumulative processes on the elements of the relief of the catchment area of the Log Repny and various land plots are studied. The change in the content of humus and the main elements of mineral nutrition of plants in the soils subject to these processes has been established. The taxonomic levels of the identification of signs of erosion and accumulation, depending on their intensity and nature, are clarified. The expediency of allocating the degree of soil flushing at the species level is shown. It is recommended to consider the signs of deluvial and denudation processes on the banks of the beam at the level of the soil type. Proposals have been developed to improve the classification of gully-beam soils.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82994273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/4
R. Petrin
Based on published data about the growth in height of model and other stands of seed-tree common beech, oak, deciduous and coppice deciduous stands have their rates of growth been investigated within one and the same age interval. New indicators have been used for establishing the respective growth rates – growth-rate indi-ces. New coefficients have been suggested for estimating the types of growth, and their applicability to use has been proved as these coefficients have been compared with the zero natural indicators of types of growth. A high level of correlation has been found with that. An analysis was made of the height growth rates of the studied stands based on their index curves. Further on, by applying the new coefficients of types of growth, the values and intervals of growth-rate indices according to types of growths, have been found for the stands of the tree spe-cies investigated. It has been concluded thatthe coefficients of types of growth, as well as the growth-rate indices, are rather convenient instruments for finding differences in the rates and types of the growth of forest stands in height.
{"title":"GROWTH-RATE INDICES AND GROWTH TYPE COEFFICIENTS IN HEIGHT OF BROADLEAVES FOREST STANDS","authors":"R. Petrin","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/4","url":null,"abstract":"Based on published data about the growth in height of model and other stands of seed-tree common beech, oak, deciduous and coppice deciduous stands have their rates of growth been investigated within one and the same age interval. New indicators have been used for establishing the respective growth rates – growth-rate indi-ces. New coefficients have been suggested for estimating the types of growth, and their applicability to use has been proved as these coefficients have been compared with the zero natural indicators of types of growth. A high level of correlation has been found with that. An analysis was made of the height growth rates of the studied stands based on their index curves. Further on, by applying the new coefficients of types of growth, the values and intervals of growth-rate indices according to types of growths, have been found for the stands of the tree spe-cies investigated. It has been concluded thatthe coefficients of types of growth, as well as the growth-rate indices, are rather convenient instruments for finding differences in the rates and types of the growth of forest stands in height.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81004531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/8
V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, A. Chuykov, A. Avdyuhin
The necessity of increasing the efficiency of logging road trains by reducing the transport costs spent on hauling timber in existing road and climatic conditions is substantiated. A review of scientific research by foreign scientists is presented, which made it possible to identify the most significant factors influencing transportation costs. A promising design of a recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling device has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce transportation costs by reducing the amount of fuel used by a road train, to increase the reliability of a logging road train by reducing the dynamic loads that occur between its links when driving over uneven surfaces of a logging road. The mathematical model of the movement of a timber tractor with a semi-trailer equipped with the proposed coupling device, under conditions of frequent accelerations and decelerations, over the unevenness of the logging road has been improved, which makes it possible to perform a preliminary assessment of the energy recovery by the proposed device in various modes of transient processes, as well as to investigate the influence of the main parameters of the recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling device for performance indicators. Two computer programs have been developed to study the performance indicators of a recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling under various transient modes of movement of a logging road train with given parameters of roughness of a logging road. It has been established that the use of the proposed coupling device in a logging road train makes it possible, when driving with randomly repeated decelerations and accelerations, to regenerate power up to 6.5 kW, and also to achieve a value of longitudinal acceleration of the semi-trailer relative to the tractor of 0.72 m/s2. Computer modeling made it possible to establish the value of the optimal diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, which provides the highest value of recuperated power at the lowest value of the acceleration of the semi-trailer relative to the tractor.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE MODES OF MOTION OF A LOGGING ROAD TRAIN DURING THE HAULING OF TIMBER ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY RECOVERY IN A PNEUMOHYDRAULIC FIFTH WHEEL COUPLING DEVICE","authors":"V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, A. Chuykov, A. Avdyuhin","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/8","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of increasing the efficiency of logging road trains by reducing the transport costs spent on hauling timber in existing road and climatic conditions is substantiated. A review of scientific research by foreign scientists is presented, which made it possible to identify the most significant factors influencing transportation costs. A promising design of a recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling device has been proposed, which makes it possible to reduce transportation costs by reducing the amount of fuel used by a road train, to increase the reliability of a logging road train by reducing the dynamic loads that occur between its links when driving over uneven surfaces of a logging road. The mathematical model of the movement of a timber tractor with a semi-trailer equipped with the proposed coupling device, under conditions of frequent accelerations and decelerations, over the unevenness of the logging road has been improved, which makes it possible to perform a preliminary assessment of the energy recovery by the proposed device in various modes of transient processes, as well as to investigate the influence of the main parameters of the recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling device for performance indicators. Two computer programs have been developed to study the performance indicators of a recuperative pneumohydraulic fifth wheel coupling under various transient modes of movement of a logging road train with given parameters of roughness of a logging road. It has been established that the use of the proposed coupling device in a logging road train makes it possible, when driving with randomly repeated decelerations and accelerations, to regenerate power up to 6.5 kW, and also to achieve a value of longitudinal acceleration of the semi-trailer relative to the tractor of 0.72 m/s2. Computer modeling made it possible to establish the value of the optimal diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, which provides the highest value of recuperated power at the lowest value of the acceleration of the semi-trailer relative to the tractor.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88782935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/2
P. Evlakov, Tat'yana Grodeckaya, O. Fedorova, R. Shestakov, O. Baranov
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown high efficiency in growing plants both in vivo in greenhouses and in vitro, including clonal micropropagation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the spectral composition of LED irradiators with different proportions of red (RL) and blue (BL) light on the morphogenesis of microplants of the remontant form of common raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Hercules and the selection valuable cultivar of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), which is the object of a unified genetic breeding complex (UGBC), previously selected on the basis of drought resistance. In the variant 1, the RL/BL ratio was 80/20%, in the variant 2 it was 70/30%, in the control it was 50/50%. The LED in variant 1 contributed to the greatest increase in morphometric and anatomical characteristics in raspberry microplants, increasing the height of shoots, the number of leaves, stomata density, the height of the leaf epidermis and mesophyll. At the same time, an increase in the proportion of RL/BL led to an increase in the leaf area, leaf surface, and stomatal density in birch microclones; however, the anatomical characteristics of the leaf indicate a decrease in the height of epidermal cells and the size of mesophyll cells. Thus, the LED of option 1 can be recommended for use in clonal micropropagation of raspberries in greenhouses, to optimize growth processes and obtain healthy, normally formed plants, while birch requires additional selection of optimal spectral illumination conditions.
{"title":"Effect of different led spectrum regimens on growth and development of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Rubus idaeus L. in culture in vitro","authors":"P. Evlakov, Tat'yana Grodeckaya, O. Fedorova, R. Shestakov, O. Baranov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/2","url":null,"abstract":"Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown high efficiency in growing plants both in vivo in greenhouses and in vitro, including clonal micropropagation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the spectral composition of LED irradiators with different proportions of red (RL) and blue (BL) light on the morphogenesis of microplants of the remontant form of common raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Hercules and the selection valuable cultivar of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), which is the object of a unified genetic breeding complex (UGBC), previously selected on the basis of drought resistance. In the variant 1, the RL/BL ratio was 80/20%, in the variant 2 it was 70/30%, in the control it was 50/50%. The LED in variant 1 contributed to the greatest increase in morphometric and anatomical characteristics in raspberry microplants, increasing the height of shoots, the number of leaves, stomata density, the height of the leaf epidermis and mesophyll. At the same time, an increase in the proportion of RL/BL led to an increase in the leaf area, leaf surface, and stomatal density in birch microclones; however, the anatomical characteristics of the leaf indicate a decrease in the height of epidermal cells and the size of mesophyll cells. Thus, the LED of option 1 can be recommended for use in clonal micropropagation of raspberries in greenhouses, to optimize growth processes and obtain healthy, normally formed plants, while birch requires additional selection of optimal spectral illumination conditions.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90582438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/10
E. Razinkov, T. Ishchenko, S. Trofimov
To obtain high-quality peeled veneer, heating of wood is a mandatory technological operation. In winter, it is necessary to first thaw, and then warm up the wood to a certain temperature on the surface of the pencil. The operation of thawing and warming up is performed in open or closed water pools. One of the main factors of this technological operation is their duration. The available calculation formulas for employees of plywood enterprises are quite complex, since a number of values are selected from a large number of literary sources, and in the future, a number of parameters are calculated that determine the duration of thawing and heating of wood. In recent years, enterprises, in order to intensify the process of heating wood, are switching from open to closed pools. The results of the continuation of the TRP of wood in a closed water basin presented in the work will allow specialists to determine the desired time parameters without additional calculations. The results obtained showed that the determining factors for the duration of the TRP of wood in the production of plywood are not only the temperature of the air and the temperature of the water in the pool, but also the density of wood. Thus, for denser types of wood (birch, larch) used in the production of plywood, more time is required for thawing and heating. Moreover, the main heating of wood occurs at a pool water temperature of 60 °C, when thawing of wood occurs. After that, the duration of heating the wood to a temperature of 20 °C on the surface of the pencil is significantly reduced, especially at a pool water temperature of 80 °C.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF OBTAINING PEELED VENEER: THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS ON THE DEFROSTING AND WARMING UP OF WOOD","authors":"E. Razinkov, T. Ishchenko, S. Trofimov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/10","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain high-quality peeled veneer, heating of wood is a mandatory technological operation. In winter, it is necessary to first thaw, and then warm up the wood to a certain temperature on the surface of the pencil. The operation of thawing and warming up is performed in open or closed water pools. One of the main factors of this technological operation is their duration. The available calculation formulas for employees of plywood enterprises are quite complex, since a number of values are selected from a large number of literary sources, and in the future, a number of parameters are calculated that determine the duration of thawing and heating of wood. In recent years, enterprises, in order to intensify the process of heating wood, are switching from open to closed pools. The results of the continuation of the TRP of wood in a closed water basin presented in the work will allow specialists to determine the desired time parameters without additional calculations. The results obtained showed that the determining factors for the duration of the TRP of wood in the production of plywood are not only the temperature of the air and the temperature of the water in the pool, but also the density of wood. Thus, for denser types of wood (birch, larch) used in the production of plywood, more time is required for thawing and heating. Moreover, the main heating of wood occurs at a pool water temperature of 60 °C, when thawing of wood occurs. After that, the duration of heating the wood to a temperature of 20 °C on the surface of the pencil is significantly reduced, especially at a pool water temperature of 80 °C.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73817824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/9
V. Ivanovskiy, D. Tomenko, S. Trofimov, A. Kiseleva
The interaction of a circular knife with wood is a simple but interesting topic. The article will analyze the interaction of a knife with wood. A program is described that allows determining the preliminary deformation force for various disk shapes: rings, prisms, spheres, according to a given penetration area. Two periods of pressing are considered, both continuous and hollow, with sharply different pressure changes. Talk about the process of deformation of wood during compression along the fibers. Conclusions are drawn to reduce the cutting force. To establish the relationship between the degree of pressing and the axial stress (division force), a series of experiments were carried out on a testing machine using standard samples of pine and poplar wood. An experimental curve is constructed in a system of rectangular coordinates. With the help of a mechanical dynamometer, the total force of the division of softwood was determined. Theoretical substantiation of the obtained force of cutting with a disk knife is carried out. It has been established that the total effort of cutting soft wood is on average less than when sawing with round saws by 20-30%. It was also found that the smallest contact spot of the cutting disc with wood up to a contact angle with wood of 90 ° changes insignificantly and the total cutting force decreases with a decrease in the contact angle.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE FORCE INTERACTION OF A DISC KNIFE WITH WOOD IN CHIP-FREE DIVISION","authors":"V. Ivanovskiy, D. Tomenko, S. Trofimov, A. Kiseleva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.4/9","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of a circular knife with wood is a simple but interesting topic. The article will analyze the interaction of a knife with wood. A program is described that allows determining the preliminary deformation force for various disk shapes: rings, prisms, spheres, according to a given penetration area. Two periods of pressing are considered, both continuous and hollow, with sharply different pressure changes. Talk about the process of deformation of wood during compression along the fibers. Conclusions are drawn to reduce the cutting force. To establish the relationship between the degree of pressing and the axial stress (division force), a series of experiments were carried out on a testing machine using standard samples of pine and poplar wood. An experimental curve is constructed in a system of rectangular coordinates. With the help of a mechanical dynamometer, the total force of the division of softwood was determined. Theoretical substantiation of the obtained force of cutting with a disk knife is carried out. It has been established that the total effort of cutting soft wood is on average less than when sawing with round saws by 20-30%. It was also found that the smallest contact spot of the cutting disc with wood up to a contact angle with wood of 90 ° changes insignificantly and the total cutting force decreases with a decrease in the contact angle.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77963901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/2
E. Andreeva, S. Stetsenko, G. Terekhov, Dmitry Basistov
The growth and mycorrhization of the 1-year-old pine seedlings root system were considered when they were grown in a forest nursery after carrying out various agrotechnical measures: sowing pine after green manure and bare fallow, and also introducing forest litter into the soil. The best growth and the root system development were observed in seedlings grown after bare fallow and bare fallow with the introduction of forest litter in conditions of poor soils (low supply of nutrients). Seedlings grown in all variants after bare fallow had the best growth rates than seedlings grown after green manure. Concluded it is recommended to carry out the bioremediation to reduce soil contamination by pesticides using forest litter in fields without the use of green manure. This method can allow not only to increase the linear sizes of pine seedlings, but also to improve the soil quality
{"title":"THE AGROTECHNICAL MEASURES INFLUENCE TO THE GROWTH AND STATE OF THE 1-YEAR-OLD PINE SEEDLINGS ROOT SYSTEM IN FOREST NURSERY BY SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH PESTICIDES","authors":"E. Andreeva, S. Stetsenko, G. Terekhov, Dmitry Basistov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/2","url":null,"abstract":"The growth and mycorrhization of the 1-year-old pine seedlings root system were considered when they were \u0000grown in a forest nursery after carrying out various agrotechnical measures: sowing pine after green manure and bare \u0000fallow, and also introducing forest litter into the soil. The best growth and the root system development were observed \u0000in seedlings grown after bare fallow and bare fallow with the introduction of forest litter in conditions of poor soils (low \u0000supply of nutrients). Seedlings grown in all variants after bare fallow had the best growth rates than seedlings grown \u0000after green manure. Concluded it is recommended to carry out the bioremediation to reduce soil contamination by pesticides using forest litter in fields without the use of green manure. This method can allow not only to increase the linear \u0000sizes of pine seedlings, but also to improve the soil quality","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86540991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/6
S. Tretyakov, S. Koptev, I. Tsvetkov, Aleksey Karaban, A. Paramonov, Aleksandr Davydov
The relationship between the absolutely dry aboveground phytomass of fractions of gray alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) trees and a diameter at a height of 1.3 m was researched in tall grass gray alder stands in the Arkhangelsk forestry, which belongs to the North-taiga forest region of the Arkhangelsk region and to the land territory of the Arctic. In the field season of 2020, 4 trial areas were laid, and 5-6 model trees were selected and measured on them, falling on 2- centimeter thick steps. A total of 21 model trees were studied. The weight of freshly cut and absolutely dry phytomass of 4 fractions of trunk wood, trunk bark, branches and foliage was determined from model trees. Based on the collected data, graphically obtained allometric equations of bonds by fractions for each sample area. Allometric equations are chosen for this purpose in both Russian and foreign studies. Based on the fact that the obtained determination coefficients in most cases exceed 0.8 and in two cases are in the range from 0.7 to 0.8, general allometric equations were derived using all model trees. Comparison of the results of the calculation of photometric indicators in t/ha by general equations with the equations obtained separately for each forest stand shows that the general allometric equations mostly underestimate the phytometric indicators. The best calculation results were obtained for wood and trunk bark fractions. These fractions are of the greatest importance when harvesting wood. Based on general equations, for the first time for the Arkhangelsk region, a table has been created that characterizes the wood fractions of gray alder by weight on each of the 2-centimeter steps of thickness from 4 to 16 cm. The equations are practically applicable for predicting the average absolutely dry phytomass of various fractions at various harvesting operations.
{"title":"THE EQUATIONS OF THE RELATION OF THE WEIGHT OF ABSOLUTELY DRY PHYTOMASS FRACTIONS OF ALNUS INCANA (L.) MOENCH TREES WITH THE TAXATION DIAMETER IN THE TAIGA ZONE OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION","authors":"S. Tretyakov, S. Koptev, I. Tsvetkov, Aleksey Karaban, A. Paramonov, Aleksandr Davydov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/6","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the absolutely dry aboveground phytomass of fractions of gray alder (Alnus incana (L.) \u0000Moench) trees and a diameter at a height of 1.3 m was researched in tall grass gray alder stands in the Arkhangelsk forestry, which belongs to the North-taiga forest region of the Arkhangelsk region and to the land territory of the Arctic. In \u0000the field season of 2020, 4 trial areas were laid, and 5-6 model trees were selected and measured on them, falling on 2- \u0000centimeter thick steps. A total of 21 model trees were studied. The weight of freshly cut and absolutely dry phytomass \u0000of 4 fractions of trunk wood, trunk bark, branches and foliage was determined from model trees. Based on the collected \u0000data, graphically obtained allometric equations of bonds by fractions for each sample area. Allometric equations are \u0000chosen for this purpose in both Russian and foreign studies. Based on the fact that the obtained determination coefficients in most cases exceed 0.8 and in two cases are in the range from 0.7 to 0.8, general allometric equations were derived using all model trees. Comparison of the results of the calculation of photometric indicators in t/ha by general \u0000equations with the equations obtained separately for each forest stand shows that the general allometric equations mostly underestimate the phytometric indicators. The best calculation results were obtained for wood and trunk bark fractions. These fractions are of the greatest importance when harvesting wood. Based on general equations, for the first \u0000time for the Arkhangelsk region, a table has been created that characterizes the wood fractions of gray alder by weight \u0000on each of the 2-centimeter steps of thickness from 4 to 16 cm. The equations are practically applicable for predicting \u0000the average absolutely dry phytomass of various fractions at various harvesting operations.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84799662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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