The intermittent and fluctuating nature of active power output from wind power significantly affects the Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power grid based on active power balance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a cloud-based intelligent PI controller designed to enhance the performance of LFC in smart grids with large-scale wind power integration. By using the error and the rate of change of error as the antecedent inputs of the cloud model-based controller and the tuning values of P and I as the consequent outputs of the cloud model, adaptive online tuning of the PI parameters is achieved. Based on the control rules of LFC in interconnected power grids and considering the uncertainty of wind power’s active power output, the membership cloud parameters are designed, which effectively solves the problems of poor parameter robustness in traditional PI control and significant human influence on membership degrees in Fuzzy PI control. A simulation model of a dual-area interconnected power grid with wind power for LFC was built using Matlab/Simulink. Two typical disturbances, namely random fluctuations in wind power and sudden increases/decreases in load, were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cloud model-based intelligent PI controller designed in this paper can effectively track the frequency variations caused by random fluctuations in wind power and exhibits strong robustness.
风电有功功率输出的间歇性和波动性极大地影响了基于有功功率平衡的电网中的负载频率控制（LFC）。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于云的智能 PI 控制器，旨在提高大规模风电集成智能电网中 LFC 的性能。通过将误差和误差变化率作为基于云模型控制器的前输入，将 P 和 I 的调整值作为云模型的后输出，实现了 PI 参数的自适应在线调整。基于互联电网中 LFC 的控制规则，并考虑到风电有功功率输出的不确定性，设计了成员云参数，有效解决了传统 PI 控制中参数鲁棒性差和模糊 PI 控制中成员度受人为影响大的问题。利用 Matlab/Simulink 建立了风电双区互联电网的 LFC 仿真模型。模拟了两种典型的干扰，即风力发电的随机波动和负荷的突然增加/减少。仿真结果表明，本文设计的基于云模型的智能 PI 控制器能有效跟踪风电随机波动引起的频率变化，并表现出很强的鲁棒性。
{"title":"Cloud model-based intelligent controller for load frequency control of power grid with large-scale wind power integration","authors":"Dexin Li, Xiangyu Lv, Haifeng Zhang, Xiangdong Meng, Zhenjun Xu, Chao Chen, Taiming Liu","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1477645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1477645","url":null,"abstract":"The intermittent and fluctuating nature of active power output from wind power significantly affects the Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a power grid based on active power balance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a cloud-based intelligent PI controller designed to enhance the performance of LFC in smart grids with large-scale wind power integration. By using the error and the rate of change of error as the antecedent inputs of the cloud model-based controller and the tuning values of P and I as the consequent outputs of the cloud model, adaptive online tuning of the PI parameters is achieved. Based on the control rules of LFC in interconnected power grids and considering the uncertainty of wind power’s active power output, the membership cloud parameters are designed, which effectively solves the problems of poor parameter robustness in traditional PI control and significant human influence on membership degrees in Fuzzy PI control. A simulation model of a dual-area interconnected power grid with wind power for LFC was built using Matlab/Simulink. Two typical disturbances, namely random fluctuations in wind power and sudden increases/decreases in load, were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the cloud model-based intelligent PI controller designed in this paper can effectively track the frequency variations caused by random fluctuations in wind power and exhibits strong robustness.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452906
Yusuf Muratoğlu, Mehmet Songur, Erginbay Uğurlu, Devran Şanlı
Since the contribution of economic sectors to GDP is heterogeneous, they also contribute differently to CO2 emissions and environmental degradation. In this regard, it is crucial to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis at the sectoral level. Nevertheless, despite the extensive research conducted on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, significant gaps remain in the existing literature, particularly at the sectoral level. This study makes a novel contribution to the existing literature on the environmental EKC hypothesis by examining its validity across four distinct sectors: agriculture, industry, manufacturing, and services. Additionally, it makes a second contribution to the literature by examining the effect of energy consumption on CO2 asymmetrically, employing a novel panel non-linear ARDL (PNARDL) method. The study employs annual data from 38 OECD countries, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022. The findings demonstrate that the EKC hypothesis is valid for sectors other than the industrial sector and for the economy as a whole. The turning point of the Kuznets Curve for the total economy is estimated as $29250 GDP per capita. The PNARDL model’s error correction term (ect) is negative and significant. However, the magnitude of the term suggests that the system will return to long-term equilibrium after approximately 2.87 years following any shock. Asymmetric effects are valid for four sectors. Moreover, the empirical results clearly show that energy consumption has asymmetric effects on emissions in both the long and short run. Positive and negative shocks in energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in OECD economies in the long run. It has been determined that agriculture is the sector that causes the most environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions. This situation highlights the limited availability of productive capital equipment and renewable sources in the agricultural sector, even in OECD countries. As a result, the findings show that there is a different relationship between each sector’s GDP and CO2 emissions. It is important for policymakers to formulate sector-specific policies to reduce CO2 emissions while fostering GDP growth.
{"title":"Testing the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis at the sector level: Evidence from PNARDL for OECD countries","authors":"Yusuf Muratoğlu, Mehmet Songur, Erginbay Uğurlu, Devran Şanlı","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452906","url":null,"abstract":"Since the contribution of economic sectors to GDP is heterogeneous, they also contribute differently to CO2 emissions and environmental degradation. In this regard, it is crucial to examine the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis at the sectoral level. Nevertheless, despite the extensive research conducted on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, significant gaps remain in the existing literature, particularly at the sectoral level. This study makes a novel contribution to the existing literature on the environmental EKC hypothesis by examining its validity across four distinct sectors: agriculture, industry, manufacturing, and services. Additionally, it makes a second contribution to the literature by examining the effect of energy consumption on CO2 asymmetrically, employing a novel panel non-linear ARDL (PNARDL) method. The study employs annual data from 38 OECD countries, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022. The findings demonstrate that the EKC hypothesis is valid for sectors other than the industrial sector and for the economy as a whole. The turning point of the Kuznets Curve for the total economy is estimated as $29250 GDP <jats:italic>per capita</jats:italic>. The PNARDL model’s error correction term (ect) is negative and significant. However, the magnitude of the term suggests that the system will return to long-term equilibrium after approximately 2.87 years following any shock. Asymmetric effects are valid for four sectors. Moreover, the empirical results clearly show that energy consumption has asymmetric effects on emissions in both the long and short run. Positive and negative shocks in energy consumption increase CO2 emissions in OECD economies in the long run. It has been determined that agriculture is the sector that causes the most environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions. This situation highlights the limited availability of productive capital equipment and renewable sources in the agricultural sector, even in OECD countries. As a result, the findings show that there is a different relationship between each sector’s GDP and CO2 emissions. It is important for policymakers to formulate sector-specific policies to reduce CO2 emissions while fostering GDP growth.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454007
Zhengguo Qin, Yuanyuan Liu, Chasen Tongsh, Zhiming Bao, Hongtao Li, Kangcheng Wu, Zhe Deng, Bowen Qin, Qing Du, Kui Jiao
The flow field serves as an important component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maintaining the hydration of the membrane and discharge of excessive water. In this study, a transparent polycarbonate plate was used as the cathode end plate of the PEMFC. The water management capacity of the PEMFCs with different cathode flow fields was evaluated. The movement and evolution patterns of water droplets, film, and columns in different flow fields were analyzed. The results show that liquid water is discharged faster as the cross-section of the flow channel becomes smaller. The performance of the PEMFC with a partially-narrowed flow field is higher due to better water management capacity and forced convection of gas reactant. Liquid water exists mostly in the form of liquid columns in the parallel flow channel, damaging the uniformity of gas distribution. The wavy flow field is likely to be flooded due to the difference of water movement velocity in different channel regions. In addition, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the water management performance of each type of flow field. The water movement patterns in the different flow channels were concluded. This study provided real-time observations of water movement in the flow channel, revealing a correlation between water management capabilities and the performance of the PEMFC.
{"title":"In-situ visualization and structure optimization of the flow channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Zhengguo Qin, Yuanyuan Liu, Chasen Tongsh, Zhiming Bao, Hongtao Li, Kangcheng Wu, Zhe Deng, Bowen Qin, Qing Du, Kui Jiao","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454007","url":null,"abstract":"The flow field serves as an important component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maintaining the hydration of the membrane and discharge of excessive water. In this study, a transparent polycarbonate plate was used as the cathode end plate of the PEMFC. The water management capacity of the PEMFCs with different cathode flow fields was evaluated. The movement and evolution patterns of water droplets, film, and columns in different flow fields were analyzed. The results show that liquid water is discharged faster as the cross-section of the flow channel becomes smaller. The performance of the PEMFC with a partially-narrowed flow field is higher due to better water management capacity and forced convection of gas reactant. Liquid water exists mostly in the form of liquid columns in the parallel flow channel, damaging the uniformity of gas distribution. The wavy flow field is likely to be flooded due to the difference of water movement velocity in different channel regions. In addition, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the water management performance of each type of flow field. The water movement patterns in the different flow channels were concluded. This study provided real-time observations of water movement in the flow channel, revealing a correlation between water management capabilities and the performance of the PEMFC.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415593
Hannah N. Bryant, David S. Stevenson, Mathew R. Heal, Nathan Luke Abraham
Atmospheric hydrogen concentrations have been increasing in recent decades. Hydrogen is radiatively inert, but it is chemically reactive and exerts an indirect radiative forcing through chemistry that perturbs the concentrations of key species within the troposphere, including ozone. Using the atmospheric version of the United Kingdom Earth System Model, we analyse the impact of 10% increased surface concentrations of hydrogen on ozone production and loss. We also analyse the impact of this hydrogen in atmospheres with lower anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (80% and 30% of present-day anthropogenic surface emissions), as this is a likely outcome of the transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner technologies. In each case, we also assess the changes in hydroxyl radical concentration and hence methane lifetime and calculate the net impact on the hydrogen tropospheric global warming potential (GWP). We find that the hydrogen tropospheric GWP100 will change relatively little with decreases in surface anthropogenic NOx emissions (9.4 and 9.1 for our present day and 30% anthropogenic emissions, respectively). The current estimate for hydrogen GWP100 can therefore be applied to future scenarios of differing NOx, although this conclusion may be impacted by future changes in emissions of other reactive species.
{"title":"Impacts of hydrogen on tropospheric ozone and methane and their modulation by atmospheric NOx","authors":"Hannah N. Bryant, David S. Stevenson, Mathew R. Heal, Nathan Luke Abraham","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415593","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric hydrogen concentrations have been increasing in recent decades. Hydrogen is radiatively inert, but it is chemically reactive and exerts an indirect radiative forcing through chemistry that perturbs the concentrations of key species within the troposphere, including ozone. Using the atmospheric version of the United Kingdom Earth System Model, we analyse the impact of 10% increased surface concentrations of hydrogen on ozone production and loss. We also analyse the impact of this hydrogen in atmospheres with lower anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (80% and 30% of present-day anthropogenic surface emissions), as this is a likely outcome of the transition from fossil fuels towards cleaner technologies. In each case, we also assess the changes in hydroxyl radical concentration and hence methane lifetime and calculate the net impact on the hydrogen tropospheric global warming potential (GWP). We find that the hydrogen tropospheric GWP<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> will change relatively little with decreases in surface anthropogenic NO<jats:sub>x</jats:sub> emissions (9.4 and 9.1 for our present day and 30% anthropogenic emissions, respectively). The current estimate for hydrogen GWP<jats:sub>100</jats:sub> can therefore be applied to future scenarios of differing NO<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>, although this conclusion may be impacted by future changes in emissions of other reactive species.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exponential proliferation of renewable energy has resulted in a significant mismatch between power supply and demand, especially during extreme events. This incongruity presents challenges in efficiently harnessing renewable energy and enhancing the resilience of the power grid. To address this issue, this paper proposes shared energy storage (SES) planning based on the adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (AADMM). The objective is to fully leverage SES, enhance the local consumption level of renewable energy, ensure power grid resilience, and reduce operational costs. First, to ensure the effective utilization of SES while minimizing initial investment and construction costs, a planning model for SES is formulated. Secondly, to maximize the benefits for multiple prosumers within the renewable energy and SES station, a profit maximization model for multiple prosumers is established. Lastly, to guarantee the privacy security of SES and multi-prosumers while optimizing computational efficiency, a distributed computing model for SES based on AADMM is developed. The results of the example show that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of 47.96 CNY, but also increase the power self-sufficiency rate by 21.86%. In addition, compared with the traditional distributed optimization, the number of iterations of AADMM is increased by 47.05%, and the computational efficiency is increased by 54.67%. In addition, market prices have a great impact on energy trading, and the impact of market pricing on the operation of the park is not considered in our current research. In this case, our future research aims to consider how to price reasonably between prosumers and between prosumers and SES, so as to realize the stable participation of each subject in the energy market.
可再生能源的激增导致电力供需严重不匹配，尤其是在极端事件发生时。这种不协调给有效利用可再生能源和提高电网的恢复能力带来了挑战。为解决这一问题，本文提出了基于自适应交变方向乘法（AADMM）的共享储能（SES）规划。其目的是充分利用 SES，提高可再生能源的本地消纳水平，确保电网弹性，降低运营成本。首先，为确保 SES 的有效利用，同时最大限度地降低初始投资和建设成本，制定了 SES 的规划模型。其次，为实现可再生能源和 SES 站内多个消费者的利益最大化，建立了多个消费者的利润最大化模型。最后，为了在优化计算效率的同时保证 SES 和多用户的隐私安全，建立了基于 AADMM 的 SES 分布式计算模型。实例结果表明，所提出的模型不仅能降低 47.96 元人民币的成本，还能提高 21.86% 的电力自给率。此外，与传统的分布式优化相比，AADMM 的迭代次数增加了 47.05%，计算效率提高了 54.67%。此外，市场价格对能源交易有很大影响，我们目前的研究没有考虑市场价格对园区运行的影响。在这种情况下，我们未来的研究目标是考虑如何在用电方之间、用电方与 SES 之间合理定价，从而实现各主体稳定参与能源市场。
{"title":"AADMM based shared energy storage planning for resilience improvement of renewable energy stations","authors":"Long Zhao, Jinping Zhang, Qingquan Lv, Zhenzhen Zhang, Pengfei Gao, Ruixiao Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1467627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1467627","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential proliferation of renewable energy has resulted in a significant mismatch between power supply and demand, especially during extreme events. This incongruity presents challenges in efficiently harnessing renewable energy and enhancing the resilience of the power grid. To address this issue, this paper proposes shared energy storage (SES) planning based on the adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (AADMM). The objective is to fully leverage SES, enhance the local consumption level of renewable energy, ensure power grid resilience, and reduce operational costs. First, to ensure the effective utilization of SES while minimizing initial investment and construction costs, a planning model for SES is formulated. Secondly, to maximize the benefits for multiple prosumers within the renewable energy and SES station, a profit maximization model for multiple prosumers is established. Lastly, to guarantee the privacy security of SES and multi-prosumers while optimizing computational efficiency, a distributed computing model for SES based on AADMM is developed. The results of the example show that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of 47.96 CNY, but also increase the power self-sufficiency rate by 21.86%. In addition, compared with the traditional distributed optimization, the number of iterations of AADMM is increased by 47.05%, and the computational efficiency is increased by 54.67%. In addition, market prices have a great impact on energy trading, and the impact of market pricing on the operation of the park is not considered in our current research. In this case, our future research aims to consider how to price reasonably between prosumers and between prosumers and SES, so as to realize the stable participation of each subject in the energy market.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1449358
Vlatko Milić
In the era of society’s ongoing digitization and the exponential growth in data volume, alongside a growing energy demand, energy management plays an integral role in data centers (DCs) and is a key factor in the quest for decarbonization. In light of the complex nature of DCs, traditional energy management strategies are inadequate. This research introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for DCs, grounded in the OODA (Observation, Orientation, Decision, and Action) loop and based on insights from an Ericsson-operated DC in Linköping, Sweden. The developed framework enables DCs to enhance energy efficiency effectively. Rooted in the OODA loop and leveraging extensive datasets from DCs’ building management systems, this framework aids in decreasing cooling energy usage through strategic, data-driven decision-making. By adopting AI methods, specifically K-means clustering in this research, for continuous monitoring and fine-tuning (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) PID parameters, the framework aids in improving operational efficiency.
在社会不断数字化、数据量呈指数级增长、能源需求日益增长的时代，能源管理在数据中心（DC）中发挥着不可或缺的作用，也是实现去碳化的关键因素。鉴于数据中心的复杂性，传统的能源管理策略是不够的。本研究以 OODA（观察、定位、决策和行动）循环为基础，根据爱立信在瑞典林雪平运营的数据中心的经验，为数据中心引入了一个数据驱动的决策框架。所开发的框架使配送中心能够有效提高能源效率。该框架以 OODA 循环为基础，利用来自 DC 建筑管理系统的大量数据集，通过数据驱动的战略决策，帮助减少制冷能耗。通过采用人工智能方法，特别是本研究中的 K-means 聚类，对 PID（比例、积分、微分）参数进行持续监控和微调，该框架有助于提高运行效率。
{"title":"Next-generation data center energy management: a data-driven decision-making framework","authors":"Vlatko Milić","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1449358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1449358","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of society’s ongoing digitization and the exponential growth in data volume, alongside a growing energy demand, energy management plays an integral role in data centers (DCs) and is a key factor in the quest for decarbonization. In light of the complex nature of DCs, traditional energy management strategies are inadequate. This research introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for DCs, grounded in the OODA (Observation, Orientation, Decision, and Action) loop and based on insights from an Ericsson-operated DC in Linköping, Sweden. The developed framework enables DCs to enhance energy efficiency effectively. Rooted in the OODA loop and leveraging extensive datasets from DCs’ building management systems, this framework aids in decreasing cooling energy usage through strategic, data-driven decision-making. By adopting AI methods, specifically <jats:italic>K</jats:italic>-means clustering in this research, for continuous monitoring and fine-tuning (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) PID parameters, the framework aids in improving operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1443677
Chang Ye, Kezheng Jiang, Junjie Wu, Mingye Sun, Xiaotong Ji, Dan Liu
Although the data-driven static voltage stability problems have been widely studied, most of the classical algorithms focus more on improving the accuracy of the system prediction, ignoring the error classification errors generated during the prediction process. Furthermore, current research ignores the utilization of data-driven voltage stability assessment of energy storage systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a static voltage stability assessment method for photovoltaic energy storage systems based on considering the error classification constraint algorithm using Neyman-Pearson umbrella algorithms. Firstly, the Spearman Correlation Coefficient is employed in the feature selection phase. Secondly, an updated voltage stability assessment (VSA) model is proposed. Compared with the existing data-driven prediction of system static voltage stability in the literature, it can realize voltage stability assessment more quickly. Furthermore, on the basis of rapid voltage stability assessment, the umbrella NP classifier can also effectively limit the first-class error and attenuate the effect of error classification by mirroring the control of the number of cycle splits and the type I classification error threshold. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the effectiveness and robustness of the scheme proposed in this paper in grid-connected photovoltaic energy farms.
尽管数据驱动的静态电压稳定性问题已被广泛研究，但大多数经典算法更侧重于提高系统预测的准确性，而忽略了预测过程中产生的误差分类误差。此外，目前的研究还忽略了利用数据驱动对储能系统进行电压稳定性评估。因此，本文在考虑误差分类约束算法的基础上，利用 Neyman-Pearson 伞形算法提出了一种光伏储能系统静态电压稳定性评估方法。首先，在特征选择阶段采用斯皮尔曼相关系数。其次，提出了更新的电压稳定性评估（VSA）模型。与现有文献中数据驱动的系统静态电压稳定性预测相比，它能更快地实现电压稳定性评估。此外，在快速电压稳定性评估的基础上，伞状 NP 分类器还能通过镜像控制周期分裂数和 I 类分类误差阈值，有效限制一等误差，削弱误差分类的效果。最后，仿真和实验结果表明，本文提出的方案在光伏并网发电场中具有有效性和鲁棒性。
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As the electric power market reform deepens, the strategic role of load aggregators in demand-side response becomes increasingly important. The inherent variability of distributed renewable energy generation and user demand response often leads to a mismatch between the purchased electricity and the market bid volume, resulting in punitive costs for companies. To address this issue, this study treats demand-side controllable loads as dispatchable resources and proposes a tiered pricing strategy to adjust power distribution. By establishing a Stackelberg leader-follower game model, the study promotes a mutually beneficial relationship between load aggregators and controllable load users. Through case studies, this paper examines the operational profits of load aggregators and the power adjustment behaviors of controllable load users under tiered and fixed compensation pricing schemes. The results indicate that tiered compensation pricing significantly reduces punitive costs and enhances user participation in demand response.
{"title":"Research on time-of-use compensation pricing strategies for load aggregators based on user demand response","authors":"Hongzhao Yang, Zhan Zhang, Rui Liang, Weifeng Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1442194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1442194","url":null,"abstract":"As the electric power market reform deepens, the strategic role of load aggregators in demand-side response becomes increasingly important. The inherent variability of distributed renewable energy generation and user demand response often leads to a mismatch between the purchased electricity and the market bid volume, resulting in punitive costs for companies. To address this issue, this study treats demand-side controllable loads as dispatchable resources and proposes a tiered pricing strategy to adjust power distribution. By establishing a Stackelberg leader-follower game model, the study promotes a mutually beneficial relationship between load aggregators and controllable load users. Through case studies, this paper examines the operational profits of load aggregators and the power adjustment behaviors of controllable load users under tiered and fixed compensation pricing schemes. The results indicate that tiered compensation pricing significantly reduces punitive costs and enhances user participation in demand response.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1448730
Damien Georges Jacobs, Leonard Owino Kachienga, Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Akebe Luther King Abia, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, Natasha Potgieter
Developing countries facing population growth and increased energy demand present simultaneous challenges regarding wastewater treatment and electricity supply. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) offer a dual solution to the challenges of insufficient electricity and wastewater treatment by integrating indigenous plant species. CW-MFCs provide sustainable power generation and wastewater treatment. This approach can enhance sustainability and foster a circular economy by utilising plant-derived byproducts as an added product. Current research indicates various novel designs for effective wastewater treatment and potential power generation. Future studies focusing on rural settings and upscaling operations can apply advanced techniques like mass spectrophotometry and metagenomics to refine the technology for grid use. Developing CW-MFC technology will catapult the idea of developing a robust strategy for addressing power supply and sanitation issues in developing regions. This will also aid in continuous research into system optimisation and microbial communities, aiding long-term viability.
{"title":"Assessing the current situation of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells as an alternative power generation and wastewater treatment in developing countries","authors":"Damien Georges Jacobs, Leonard Owino Kachienga, Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Akebe Luther King Abia, Afsatou Ndama Traoré, Natasha Potgieter","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1448730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1448730","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries facing population growth and increased energy demand present simultaneous challenges regarding wastewater treatment and electricity supply. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) offer a dual solution to the challenges of insufficient electricity and wastewater treatment by integrating indigenous plant species. CW-MFCs provide sustainable power generation and wastewater treatment. This approach can enhance sustainability and foster a circular economy by utilising plant-derived byproducts as an added product. Current research indicates various novel designs for effective wastewater treatment and potential power generation. Future studies focusing on rural settings and upscaling operations can apply advanced techniques like mass spectrophotometry and metagenomics to refine the technology for grid use. Developing CW-MFC technology will catapult the idea of developing a robust strategy for addressing power supply and sanitation issues in developing regions. This will also aid in continuous research into system optimisation and microbial communities, aiding long-term viability.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1453052
Jun Han, Anjie Fan, Chao Cai, Wenjie Pan, Haofei Chen
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) reduces dependence on fossil fuels, promotes energy conservation and emissions reduction, and facilitates the transition to clean energy sources in the power grid. However, subjective charging behavior among EV owners can lead to blind charging practices, compromising the reliability of the distribution network by widening the peak-to-valley difference. To address safety concerns during the charging process, this paper proposes hardware and software systems for an experimental verification system. The network architecture, focused on charging safety, is examined. Analysis of the system’s operation data reveals that it enables bidirectional interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid. This solution proves ef-fective for integrating a large number of EVs in peak-shaving and valley-filling efforts, laying a technical foundation for their inclusion in the power grid for peak shaving, valley filling, as well as providing standby and frequency regulation services.
{"title":"An experimental verification system for electric vehicle and grid interactive charging safety","authors":"Jun Han, Anjie Fan, Chao Cai, Wenjie Pan, Haofei Chen","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1453052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1453052","url":null,"abstract":"The development of electric vehicles (EVs) reduces dependence on fossil fuels, promotes energy conservation and emissions reduction, and facilitates the transition to clean energy sources in the power grid. However, subjective charging behavior among EV owners can lead to blind charging practices, compromising the reliability of the distribution network by widening the peak-to-valley difference. To address safety concerns during the charging process, this paper proposes hardware and software systems for an experimental verification system. The network architecture, focused on charging safety, is examined. Analysis of the system’s operation data reveals that it enables bidirectional interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid. This solution proves ef-fective for integrating a large number of EVs in peak-shaving and valley-filling efforts, laying a technical foundation for their inclusion in the power grid for peak shaving, valley filling, as well as providing standby and frequency regulation services.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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