Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-94-101
D. Lebedev, T. V. Zubkova, D. Vinogradov, O. Dubrovina
The article offers an assessment of the effectiveness of the Clearfield system in the technology of cultivation of spring rapeseed hybrid NIKSH 213 KLS and sunflower hybrid NK Neoma, taking into account different precursors in the Non-Chernozem zone. The study was conducted in the conditions of the economy of LLC “Flame” of the Korablinsky district of the Ryazan region, in 2021–2023. Clearfield is a universal production system currently used worldwide, which involves the use of modern high-yielding hybrids resistant to selective herbicide. A single application of herbicides of this system allows you to create a soil herbicide screen that restrains subsequent waves of weeds. The conducted studies allowed us to establish that the post-emergence use of herbicides in combination with an adhesive in oilseed crops destroyed 100% annual dicotyledonous weeds such as the common mountaineer, rough mountaineer. Cultivation of rapeseed and sunflower using Clearfield technology provided clean crops of these crops, and additional foliar treatment of plants with fertilizers created favorable conditions for additional formation of elements of the crop structure. The maximum yield of spring rapeseed over the years of research was recorded on the Lebozol-RAPSMIX variant of 21.4–24.2 c/ha (winter wheat) and 21.9-26.3 (spring wheat), the excess relative to the untreated variant was 21.7 % (+4.2 c/ha) and 25.7 % (+5.0 c/ha), respectively. On average, according to the experience with sunflower, the maximum yield was noted on variants with the effect of non-root top dressing Lebozol-expert–Opti Care – 32.5 c/ha against the background of the predecessor of winter wheat (an increase of + 3.8 c/ha), and 30.7 c/ha against the background of spring wheat (+3.3 c/ha).
{"title":"Agronomic efficiency of sunflower and spring rapeseed cultivation with the use of imidazolinone group herbicides","authors":"D. Lebedev, T. V. Zubkova, D. Vinogradov, O. Dubrovina","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-94-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-94-101","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers an assessment of the effectiveness of the Clearfield system in the technology of cultivation of spring rapeseed hybrid NIKSH 213 KLS and sunflower hybrid NK Neoma, taking into account different precursors in the Non-Chernozem zone. The study was conducted in the conditions of the economy of LLC “Flame” of the Korablinsky district of the Ryazan region, in 2021–2023. Clearfield is a universal production system currently used worldwide, which involves the use of modern high-yielding hybrids resistant to selective herbicide. A single application of herbicides of this system allows you to create a soil herbicide screen that restrains subsequent waves of weeds. The conducted studies allowed us to establish that the post-emergence use of herbicides in combination with an adhesive in oilseed crops destroyed 100% annual dicotyledonous weeds such as the common mountaineer, rough mountaineer. Cultivation of rapeseed and sunflower using Clearfield technology provided clean crops of these crops, and additional foliar treatment of plants with fertilizers created favorable conditions for additional formation of elements of the crop structure. The maximum yield of spring rapeseed over the years of research was recorded on the Lebozol-RAPSMIX variant of 21.4–24.2 c/ha (winter wheat) and 21.9-26.3 (spring wheat), the excess relative to the untreated variant was 21.7 % (+4.2 c/ha) and 25.7 % (+5.0 c/ha), respectively. On average, according to the experience with sunflower, the maximum yield was noted on variants with the effect of non-root top dressing Lebozol-expert–Opti Care – 32.5 c/ha against the background of the predecessor of winter wheat (an increase of + 3.8 c/ha), and 30.7 c/ha against the background of spring wheat (+3.3 c/ha).","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"122 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-177-188
D. Iakovlev, R. Prokopchuk, V. Kuznetsov, A. Moroz, D. Grebenyuk
The object of the study is the process of formation of the spring wheat harvest after sowing with seeds isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of seed material and spring wheat harvest based on pneumatic separation. During the research, using a Petkus K-293 laboratory pneumatic classifier, grain was separated into fractions at soaring speeds in the range of 9-11 m/s with a sampling step of 1 m/s. To determine the effect of seeds with different soaring speeds on the growth and development of plants, as well as on the yield and quality of the resulting grain, studies were carried out in the period from 2020 to 2023 on the basis of the educational and experimental agricultural station of the Altai State Agrarian University. The most common and zoned variety in the Altai region, the elite soft wheat variety Altai Zhnitsa, was chosen. Comparative sowings of spring wheat were carried out with fractions isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. In the process of work, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the seed material of spring wheat and its harvest was carried out, observations were also made of the phases of plant development during the growing season and the conditions of their growth. The main indicators of seed material are their specific gravity; during the processing of the results, a linear relationship between the specific gravity of seeds and their yield was observed. The technology of seed preparation by pneumatic classification can be introduced into production after additional clarifying studies on differentiating the seeding rate within one selected fraction.
{"title":"Efficiency of spring wheat seeds preparation by air separation","authors":"D. Iakovlev, R. Prokopchuk, V. Kuznetsov, A. Moroz, D. Grebenyuk","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-177-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-177-188","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the study is the process of formation of the spring wheat harvest after sowing with seeds isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of seed material and spring wheat harvest based on pneumatic separation. During the research, using a Petkus K-293 laboratory pneumatic classifier, grain was separated into fractions at soaring speeds in the range of 9-11 m/s with a sampling step of 1 m/s. To determine the effect of seeds with different soaring speeds on the growth and development of plants, as well as on the yield and quality of the resulting grain, studies were carried out in the period from 2020 to 2023 on the basis of the educational and experimental agricultural station of the Altai State Agrarian University. The most common and zoned variety in the Altai region, the elite soft wheat variety Altai Zhnitsa, was chosen. Comparative sowings of spring wheat were carried out with fractions isolated at soaring speeds of 9, 10, 11 m/s. In the process of work, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the seed material of spring wheat and its harvest was carried out, observations were also made of the phases of plant development during the growing season and the conditions of their growth. The main indicators of seed material are their specific gravity; during the processing of the results, a linear relationship between the specific gravity of seeds and their yield was observed. The technology of seed preparation by pneumatic classification can be introduced into production after additional clarifying studies on differentiating the seeding rate within one selected fraction.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-55-62
E. V. Kozhukhova
In the process of breeding work with the Pisum satvum L. it was noticed that the same samples in different years may belong to different gradations of plant classification according to stem length. Resistance to lodging (RL) of samples in years with contrasting heat and moisture conditions may also have different estimates. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to identify the dependence of plant height and resistance to lodging of peas on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of the growing season. The research was carried out in 2019 2023 in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the competitive variety testing nursery of the pea breeding laboratory of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the site is represented by ordinary chernozem of medium thickness, medium humus with neutral acidity. For the study, 8 samples of selfselected peas were taken. Samples were arranged in a systematic manner in quadruplicate, the plot area being 15 m2. During the research, it was revealed that in order to objectively characterize pea samples by stem length and its resistance to lodging, it is necessary to take into account the HTC of the growing season, since the differences between the lengths of plants in years of different HTC of the growing season can change by 2 times. The length of plants depended significantly on the hydrothermal coefficient of the growing season; separately for the months of the growing season, it was revealed that the strongest direct correlation is typical for August r ± Sr = 0.88 ± 0.08. The maximum lodging of samples was noted during an excessively humid growing season, the minimum during a dry one, the difference in the assessment could reach one point. An increase in HTC had the maximum effect on reducing the resistance to lodging of semi-dwarf samples and the entire sample; medium-sized samples showed an average degree of dependence. When analyzed by month of the growing season, the greatest influence on the decrease in plant resistance to lodging had the August HTC r ± Sr = -0.95 ± 0.18, p = -0.75.
{"title":"Influence of HTC of the growing period on the height of peas plants and their resistance to logining","authors":"E. V. Kozhukhova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-55-62","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of breeding work with the Pisum satvum L. it was noticed that the same samples in different years may belong to different gradations of plant classification according to stem length. Resistance to lodging (RL) of samples in years with contrasting heat and moisture conditions may also have different estimates. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to identify the dependence of plant height and resistance to lodging of peas on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of the growing season. The research was carried out in 2019 2023 in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the competitive variety testing nursery of the pea breeding laboratory of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The soil of the site is represented by ordinary chernozem of medium thickness, medium humus with neutral acidity. For the study, 8 samples of selfselected peas were taken. Samples were arranged in a systematic manner in quadruplicate, the plot area being 15 m2. During the research, it was revealed that in order to objectively characterize pea samples by stem length and its resistance to lodging, it is necessary to take into account the HTC of the growing season, since the differences between the lengths of plants in years of different HTC of the growing season can change by 2 times. The length of plants depended significantly on the hydrothermal coefficient of the growing season; separately for the months of the growing season, it was revealed that the strongest direct correlation is typical for August r ± Sr = 0.88 ± 0.08. The maximum lodging of samples was noted during an excessively humid growing season, the minimum during a dry one, the difference in the assessment could reach one point. An increase in HTC had the maximum effect on reducing the resistance to lodging of semi-dwarf samples and the entire sample; medium-sized samples showed an average degree of dependence. When analyzed by month of the growing season, the greatest influence on the decrease in plant resistance to lodging had the August HTC r ± Sr = -0.95 ± 0.18, p = -0.75.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"65 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-86-93
N. Kurachenko, A. S. Kolesnikov
The results of a field experiment to study the influence of basic processing techniques on the density of chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe are presented. The research was carried out in a field of fallow and grain crops in a five–field field crop rotation (fallow – wheat – rapeseed – barley – oats). The experimental design included basic tillage techniques: 1 – moldboard tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm; 2 – minimal processing (disc peeling to a depth of 10–12 cm); 3 – zero tillage (direct sowing on the stubble of the predecessor). It was shown that ordinary chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe under the conditions of basic cultivation was characterized by a loose and normal composition of the 0–20 cm layer with a seasonal rhythm not exceeding 18 %. The density of the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem depended 19–28 % on the nature of the agrocenosis. This influence is most pronounced in the 10–20 cm layer (26–37 %). Crop rotation fields according to the density of the crop on all backgrounds of the main cultivation were located in the following increasing series: fallow (0.90–0.96 g/ cm3) – wheat (0.95–1.02 g/cm3) – barley (0.97–1.00 g/cm3) – oats (0.98–1.05 g/cm3). It was established that the cultivation of agricultural crops and fallowing the field against the background of moldboard plowing formed a density at the level of 0.94–0.98 g/cm3. Tilling the soil with a discor in crops of grain crops increased the soil density to 0.97–1.01 g/cm3; zero sowing – up to 1.00–1.05 g/cm3. At the same time, the value of the studied parameter did not go beyond the optimal values.
{"title":"Changes in the density of chernozem in crope rotation with minimization of basic tillage","authors":"N. Kurachenko, A. S. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-86-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-86-93","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a field experiment to study the influence of basic processing techniques on the density of chernozem in the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe are presented. The research was carried out in a field of fallow and grain crops in a five–field field crop rotation (fallow – wheat – rapeseed – barley – oats). The experimental design included basic tillage techniques: 1 – moldboard tillage to a depth of 20–22 cm; 2 – minimal processing (disc peeling to a depth of 10–12 cm); 3 – zero tillage (direct sowing on the stubble of the predecessor). It was shown that ordinary chernozem of the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe under the conditions of basic cultivation was characterized by a loose and normal composition of the 0–20 cm layer with a seasonal rhythm not exceeding 18 %. The density of the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem depended 19–28 % on the nature of the agrocenosis. This influence is most pronounced in the 10–20 cm layer (26–37 %). Crop rotation fields according to the density of the crop on all backgrounds of the main cultivation were located in the following increasing series: fallow (0.90–0.96 g/ cm3) – wheat (0.95–1.02 g/cm3) – barley (0.97–1.00 g/cm3) – oats (0.98–1.05 g/cm3). It was established that the cultivation of agricultural crops and fallowing the field against the background of moldboard plowing formed a density at the level of 0.94–0.98 g/cm3. Tilling the soil with a discor in crops of grain crops increased the soil density to 0.97–1.01 g/cm3; zero sowing – up to 1.00–1.05 g/cm3. At the same time, the value of the studied parameter did not go beyond the optimal values.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-63-73
N. Y. Konovalova, S. Konovalova
The article presents the results of scientific research for 1991–2021 years the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate subdivision of the VolRC RAS (Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the creation of high-yielding legume-cereal grass mixtures for the agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia. According to the research results, technologies for growing promising crops (eastern goat, variable alfalfa, festulolium, reed fescue) in single-species and mixed crops have been developed. Bloodless crops of goat and grass mixtures for two mowing ensured the production of 7.2–7.9 t / ha of dry matter. In terms of productivity, single-species crops significantly exceeded mixed crops. From grass mixtures, stand out crops with meadow fescue, hedgehog and awnless rump stood out. The yield of variable alfalfa and grass mixtures with its participation for two mowing ranged from 7.8 to 9.5 t/ ha of dry matter. Significantly inferior to alfalfa by 0.86–1.04 t/ha of dry matter were grass mixtures with timofeevka. Single-species festulolium crops with two-mowing use were significantly inferior in yield to grass mixtures with leguminous grass species by 0.9-4.0 t/ha of SV. Legume-cereal grass mixtures were characterized by an increased protein content (1.7–2.1 times), fat (1.1–1.2 times), reduced fiber (1.2–1.3 times). Harvesting of the first mowing during the budding phase of legumes, the beginning of earing of the festulolium significantly reduced the yield of dry matter by 20% compared with harvesting during the flowering phase. At the same time, the protein content in the plant mass of early mowing increased by 12 % in festulolium, by 21–36 % in festulolium with clover and birdʼsfoot trefoil, and by 3–11 % in herbage with alfalfa. It is effective for three-mowing use to include reed fescue in legume-cereal grass mixtures. Grass mixtures with her participation in three mowing provide yields at the control level (two mowing), and in terms of protein yield per hectare exceed it by 26–31 %.
{"title":"Promising legume-cereal grass mixtures for agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia","authors":"N. Y. Konovalova, S. Konovalova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-63-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-63-73","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of scientific research for 1991–2021 years the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate subdivision of the VolRC RAS (Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on the creation of high-yielding legume-cereal grass mixtures for the agroclimatic conditions of the European North of Russia. According to the research results, technologies for growing promising crops (eastern goat, variable alfalfa, festulolium, reed fescue) in single-species and mixed crops have been developed. Bloodless crops of goat and grass mixtures for two mowing ensured the production of 7.2–7.9 t / ha of dry matter. In terms of productivity, single-species crops significantly exceeded mixed crops. From grass mixtures, stand out crops with meadow fescue, hedgehog and awnless rump stood out. The yield of variable alfalfa and grass mixtures with its participation for two mowing ranged from 7.8 to 9.5 t/ ha of dry matter. Significantly inferior to alfalfa by 0.86–1.04 t/ha of dry matter were grass mixtures with timofeevka. Single-species festulolium crops with two-mowing use were significantly inferior in yield to grass mixtures with leguminous grass species by 0.9-4.0 t/ha of SV. Legume-cereal grass mixtures were characterized by an increased protein content (1.7–2.1 times), fat (1.1–1.2 times), reduced fiber (1.2–1.3 times). Harvesting of the first mowing during the budding phase of legumes, the beginning of earing of the festulolium significantly reduced the yield of dry matter by 20% compared with harvesting during the flowering phase. At the same time, the protein content in the plant mass of early mowing increased by 12 % in festulolium, by 21–36 % in festulolium with clover and birdʼsfoot trefoil, and by 3–11 % in herbage with alfalfa. It is effective for three-mowing use to include reed fescue in legume-cereal grass mixtures. Grass mixtures with her participation in three mowing provide yields at the control level (two mowing), and in terms of protein yield per hectare exceed it by 26–31 %.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"58 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-147-156
V. Skorokhodov
This article discusses the productivity of fodder crops obtained in the system of crop rotation and permanent cultivation for a long time (33 years) for the period from 1990 to 2022. The aim of the study is to establish the potential productive capacity of fodder crops cultivated for a long time in the system of sixfield crop rotations with different types of employed fallows and in monoculture on two backgrounds (fertilized, unfertilized) of soil nutrition in the conditions of the South Ural steppe. The objects of research are fodder crops (Sudanese grass, corn for silage, barley, peas, oats). The place of study was a stationary field experiment located in the Orenburg region (51.775125o N, 55.306547o E). Field crops were cultivated on two agrobackgrounds of nutrition – fertilized N40P80K40 and without fertilizers. The article describes the characteristic features of the weather conditions of 33 years of research, of which 10 correlate with desert conditions (HTC<0.4). The highest productivity of Sudanese grass was obtained in 1990 against the background of mineral fertilizers 6.23 thousand fodder units per 1 ha and unfertilized 5.73 thousand k.u. per 1 ha. Maize for silage cultivated in a crop rotation with prolonged action of a fallow occupied by an annual crop for the collection of fodder units in total over the years of research against the background of mineral fertilizers had a value of 108.52 thousand, for unfertilized – 106.16 thousand. units for the entire period of research amounted to 108.53 thousand on a fertilized background, 102.56 thousand on an unfertilized background. The yield of fodder products from 3 hectares of crop rotation area with soil-protective fallow was 259.80 thousand on a fertilized background, with green manure fallow 256.26 and 232 .49 thousand feed units, respectively, according to backgrounds. Growing corn for silage in permanent crops is the most highly productive option among those studied in the experiment. For 33 years of research on this option, 325.59 and 307.68 thousand feed units were obtained, respectively, on a fertilized and unfertilized background.
{"title":"Productivity of forage crops in the system crop rotation and permanent cultivation in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals","authors":"V. Skorokhodov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-147-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-147-156","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the productivity of fodder crops obtained in the system of crop rotation and permanent cultivation for a long time (33 years) for the period from 1990 to 2022. The aim of the study is to establish the potential productive capacity of fodder crops cultivated for a long time in the system of sixfield crop rotations with different types of employed fallows and in monoculture on two backgrounds (fertilized, unfertilized) of soil nutrition in the conditions of the South Ural steppe. The objects of research are fodder crops (Sudanese grass, corn for silage, barley, peas, oats). The place of study was a stationary field experiment located in the Orenburg region (51.775125o N, 55.306547o E). Field crops were cultivated on two agrobackgrounds of nutrition – fertilized N40P80K40 and without fertilizers. The article describes the characteristic features of the weather conditions of 33 years of research, of which 10 correlate with desert conditions (HTC<0.4). The highest productivity of Sudanese grass was obtained in 1990 against the background of mineral fertilizers 6.23 thousand fodder units per 1 ha and unfertilized 5.73 thousand k.u. per 1 ha. Maize for silage cultivated in a crop rotation with prolonged action of a fallow occupied by an annual crop for the collection of fodder units in total over the years of research against the background of mineral fertilizers had a value of 108.52 thousand, for unfertilized – 106.16 thousand. units for the entire period of research amounted to 108.53 thousand on a fertilized background, 102.56 thousand on an unfertilized background. The yield of fodder products from 3 hectares of crop rotation area with soil-protective fallow was 259.80 thousand on a fertilized background, with green manure fallow 256.26 and 232 .49 thousand feed units, respectively, according to backgrounds. Growing corn for silage in permanent crops is the most highly productive option among those studied in the experiment. For 33 years of research on this option, 325.59 and 307.68 thousand feed units were obtained, respectively, on a fertilized and unfertilized background.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"108 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-157-167
E. S. Feshchenko, E. Toropova
The goal of the work was to establish the influence of spring wheat precursors and preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment on the parasitic activity of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium fungi. The studies were conducted in 2021–2023 in the Ob region forest-steppe in the agricultural enterprise MZhK “Alvapharm” (LLC) in the Novosibirsk region on the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, we used generally accepted and proprietary methods. During the years of the study, spring wheat in all variants was affected by root rot above the threshold of harmfulness. The development of root rot reached 9.6 PV. The influence of the “year” factor on the development of root rot of seedlings was 42.2 %, the “treatment” factor was 21.4 %, and the “predecessor” factor was 8.8 %. The incidence of root rot in the phase of full ripeness on average over 3 years was minimal for the steam predecessor – 33.8 %, which is 7.3 % less than for winter rye. The strength of influence of the “predecessor” factor on disease incidence at the end of the growing season was 41.1 %, the “treatment” factor was 8.5 %, and the relationship between the “year” and “predecessor” factors was 38.1 %. Seed treatment showed average efficiency for all options: 47.1–59.4 % in the germination phase and 3.0–19.0 % in the full ripeness phase. The etiology of root rots was represented by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. and Fusarium Link. fungi. The ratio of phytopathogens on underground organs was determined by the conditions of the year, plant organs and precursors and ranged across variants from 0.8 : 1 to complete dominance of Fusarium fungi. The conditions of the year influenced the biological diversity of root rot micromycetes. On primary roots, the strength of the influence of year conditions on the biological diversity of phytopathogens was 48.2%, on the base of the stem – 60.7% and was significant at 5 and 1% significance levels, respectively. The soil suppressiveness to phytopathogens for all precursors was from moderate to strong and reached 83.3 % for B. sorokiniana and 78.0 % for F. oxysporum; phytosanitary precursors (fallow, vicooats) significantly increased the soil suppressiveness for phytopathogens compared to grain predecessor.
{"title":"Features of root rot incidence depending on elements of spring wheat cultivation technology in the Ob region Forest-steppe","authors":"E. S. Feshchenko, E. Toropova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-157-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-157-167","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the work was to establish the influence of spring wheat precursors and preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment on the parasitic activity of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium fungi. The studies were conducted in 2021–2023 in the Ob region forest-steppe in the agricultural enterprise MZhK “Alvapharm” (LLC) in the Novosibirsk region on the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, we used generally accepted and proprietary methods. During the years of the study, spring wheat in all variants was affected by root rot above the threshold of harmfulness. The development of root rot reached 9.6 PV. The influence of the “year” factor on the development of root rot of seedlings was 42.2 %, the “treatment” factor was 21.4 %, and the “predecessor” factor was 8.8 %. The incidence of root rot in the phase of full ripeness on average over 3 years was minimal for the steam predecessor – 33.8 %, which is 7.3 % less than for winter rye. The strength of influence of the “predecessor” factor on disease incidence at the end of the growing season was 41.1 %, the “treatment” factor was 8.5 %, and the relationship between the “year” and “predecessor” factors was 38.1 %. Seed treatment showed average efficiency for all options: 47.1–59.4 % in the germination phase and 3.0–19.0 % in the full ripeness phase. The etiology of root rots was represented by Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. and Fusarium Link. fungi. The ratio of phytopathogens on underground organs was determined by the conditions of the year, plant organs and precursors and ranged across variants from 0.8 : 1 to complete dominance of Fusarium fungi. The conditions of the year influenced the biological diversity of root rot micromycetes. On primary roots, the strength of the influence of year conditions on the biological diversity of phytopathogens was 48.2%, on the base of the stem – 60.7% and was significant at 5 and 1% significance levels, respectively. The soil suppressiveness to phytopathogens for all precursors was from moderate to strong and reached 83.3 % for B. sorokiniana and 78.0 % for F. oxysporum; phytosanitary precursors (fallow, vicooats) significantly increased the soil suppressiveness for phytopathogens compared to grain predecessor.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"121 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-74-85
S. Kuzmina, N. Kazydub, P. E. Pender
The yield of vegetable peas is significantly reduced when plants are lodging. To solve this problem, mutant leafless genotypes with modified leaf morphology can be used in breeding. A comparative assessment of collection samples of vegetable peas of the regular and mutant mustachioed morphotype for resistance to lodging and seed productivity was carried out at the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2018. As an object for study, 62 samples of vegetable peas from the collection of VIR, VNIISSOK and foreign selection were used. As a result of the research, it was established that the proportion of resistant and highly resistant forms in plants with a common (leafy) morphotype amounted to a total of 30 %, in baleen (leafless) plants there were significantly more of these – 77 %. The mustachioed forms of vegetable peas have greater resistance to lodging in the phase of biological ripeness. The resistance coefficient of samples with a mustachioed morphotype was on average 0.85, and that of leafy ones – 0.64. An average relationship was established between the height of the grass stand and resistance to lodging in vegetable peas, and in leafy samples it was higher, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.56, in baleen samples – r = 0.43. Sources of high resistance to lodging were identified for each morphotype of vegetable pea: mustachioed – Cruiser, Flagman 8, Venture, Nemchinsky, Afilla, Poltavets, Azur, P. Khangilda, Teras 888; leaflet SH-92-79-3-3-1-1, Aldea, Norli, Adrianna, Gribovsky Jubilee. Vegetable pea samples are recommended for breeding that combine high expression of productivity elements with resistance to lodging for each morphotype: by the number of beans – Azur, Afilla (mustachioed), Aldea, Fruhe (regular); by weight of beans – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Flagship 8, Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by the number of seeds in a bean – Afilla, Venture (baleen), Aldea, Norli, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of seeds per plant – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of 1 000 seeds – Flagman 8, In Memory of Khangildin, Azur (mustached), Fruhe, Aldea (leafy).
{"title":"Studying resistance to deposition in samples vegetable peas of different morphotype in Western Siberia","authors":"S. Kuzmina, N. Kazydub, P. E. Pender","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-74-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-74-85","url":null,"abstract":"The yield of vegetable peas is significantly reduced when plants are lodging. To solve this problem, mutant leafless genotypes with modified leaf morphology can be used in breeding. A comparative assessment of collection samples of vegetable peas of the regular and mutant mustachioed morphotype for resistance to lodging and seed productivity was carried out at the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2018. As an object for study, 62 samples of vegetable peas from the collection of VIR, VNIISSOK and foreign selection were used. As a result of the research, it was established that the proportion of resistant and highly resistant forms in plants with a common (leafy) morphotype amounted to a total of 30 %, in baleen (leafless) plants there were significantly more of these – 77 %. The mustachioed forms of vegetable peas have greater resistance to lodging in the phase of biological ripeness. The resistance coefficient of samples with a mustachioed morphotype was on average 0.85, and that of leafy ones – 0.64. An average relationship was established between the height of the grass stand and resistance to lodging in vegetable peas, and in leafy samples it was higher, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.56, in baleen samples – r = 0.43. Sources of high resistance to lodging were identified for each morphotype of vegetable pea: mustachioed – Cruiser, Flagman 8, Venture, Nemchinsky, Afilla, Poltavets, Azur, P. Khangilda, Teras 888; leaflet SH-92-79-3-3-1-1, Aldea, Norli, Adrianna, Gribovsky Jubilee. Vegetable pea samples are recommended for breeding that combine high expression of productivity elements with resistance to lodging for each morphotype: by the number of beans – Azur, Afilla (mustachioed), Aldea, Fruhe (regular); by weight of beans – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Flagship 8, Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by the number of seeds in a bean – Afilla, Venture (baleen), Aldea, Norli, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of seeds per plant – Azur, Afilla (mutant), Fruhe, Aldea, SH-92-79-3-3-1-1 (leaf); by weight of 1 000 seeds – Flagman 8, In Memory of Khangildin, Azur (mustached), Fruhe, Aldea (leafy).","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"39 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-139-146
L. Y. Ostroshenko, M. A. Nesmachny
The Far Eastern taiga is a real storehouse of honey, the honey virgin lands of the Far Eastern forests. Far Eastern melliferous vegetation, is distinguished by its unique and rich diversity, creates significant resources for honey collection. Bee honey is an amazing creation of bees and flowers, a wonderful gift of nature, which is a sweet and delicious natural delicacy. For the smell and taste of honey, they always surprise with their uniqueness. Honey has healing properties. Far Eastern forest lands are characterized by the presence of a large proportion of honey reserves. Honey plants here are lindens, willows, maples, as well as endemics: actinidia (Actinidia Lindl.), Amur velvet (Phellodendron amurense), Manchurian aralia (Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), dimorphant (Kalopanax Miq.), eleutherococcus (Eleutherococcus Maxim.). The purpose of the research was to determine honey productivity for further calculation of the number of bee colonies in forest areas. The results of the research showed that the yield of honey from one hectare of the area was 11.2 kg/ha. The area of the laid productive circle was 805 hectares. A certain possible honey harvest from forest areas with the presence of linden amounted to 31.7 kg/ha. The possibility of harvesting marketable honey made it possible to calculate the number of apiaries (3–4) and select forest areas for their optimal placement.
{"title":"Honey productivity of forests of the komissarovsky district forestry of the Ussuri branch of the KSKU “Primorskoye forestry”","authors":"L. Y. Ostroshenko, M. A. Nesmachny","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-139-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-139-146","url":null,"abstract":"The Far Eastern taiga is a real storehouse of honey, the honey virgin lands of the Far Eastern forests. Far Eastern melliferous vegetation, is distinguished by its unique and rich diversity, creates significant resources for honey collection. Bee honey is an amazing creation of bees and flowers, a wonderful gift of nature, which is a sweet and delicious natural delicacy. For the smell and taste of honey, they always surprise with their uniqueness. Honey has healing properties. Far Eastern forest lands are characterized by the presence of a large proportion of honey reserves. Honey plants here are lindens, willows, maples, as well as endemics: actinidia (Actinidia Lindl.), Amur velvet (Phellodendron amurense), Manchurian aralia (Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), dimorphant (Kalopanax Miq.), eleutherococcus (Eleutherococcus Maxim.). The purpose of the research was to determine honey productivity for further calculation of the number of bee colonies in forest areas. The results of the research showed that the yield of honey from one hectare of the area was 11.2 kg/ha. The area of the laid productive circle was 805 hectares. A certain possible honey harvest from forest areas with the presence of linden amounted to 31.7 kg/ha. The possibility of harvesting marketable honey made it possible to calculate the number of apiaries (3–4) and select forest areas for their optimal placement.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"84 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-111-119
A. A. Malinovskikh
The species composition of pine plantations in the forest fund of the Barnaul Forestry, which is part of the suburban territory of Barnaul, was studied on a forest typological basis. A total of 165 species of vascular plants have been identified, of which 3 species form a stand, 26 species of undergrowth, and 136 species of living ground cover. 39 synanthropic plant species (23.6 % of the total flora) were found in the lower tiers of the forest, including 14 anthropophytic species in the undergrowth, 5 anthropophytic and 20 apophytic species in the living ground cover. A richer floral composition is characteristic of the grass forest type, compared with the fresh forest type, which is associated with different forest growing conditions. Anthropogenic factors lead to an increase in the species composition of pine plantations near the city limits – more intensively in the grass forest (r = -0.74), less intensively in the fresh forest (r = -0.39). As we move away from the city limits, the ratio of ecological and cenotic components changes in pine plantations: the share of the forest component increases, the share of the synanthropic component decreases. Among the synanthropic plants of the lower tiers, aggressive species (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Acer negundo L.) are noted, which strongly transform the forest environment, preventing the renewal of the main breed. The value of the index of synanthropization of the species composition of pine plantations varies with distance from the city limits: 0,28–0,29 – 0–4 km; 0,12–0,20 – 4–11 km; 0,03–0,07 – 15–43 km, therefore, the forest fund of the forestry can be divided into 3 zones – high, moderate and weak anthropogenic transformation. We recommend using the data obtained for complex zoning of the territory of the Barnaul forestry in order to preserve suburban forests.
{"title":"Ecological and cenotic approach to zoning of the forest fund of suburban forests of Barnaul","authors":"A. A. Malinovskikh","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-111-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-111-119","url":null,"abstract":"The species composition of pine plantations in the forest fund of the Barnaul Forestry, which is part of the suburban territory of Barnaul, was studied on a forest typological basis. A total of 165 species of vascular plants have been identified, of which 3 species form a stand, 26 species of undergrowth, and 136 species of living ground cover. 39 synanthropic plant species (23.6 % of the total flora) were found in the lower tiers of the forest, including 14 anthropophytic species in the undergrowth, 5 anthropophytic and 20 apophytic species in the living ground cover. A richer floral composition is characteristic of the grass forest type, compared with the fresh forest type, which is associated with different forest growing conditions. Anthropogenic factors lead to an increase in the species composition of pine plantations near the city limits – more intensively in the grass forest (r = -0.74), less intensively in the fresh forest (r = -0.39). As we move away from the city limits, the ratio of ecological and cenotic components changes in pine plantations: the share of the forest component increases, the share of the synanthropic component decreases. Among the synanthropic plants of the lower tiers, aggressive species (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Acer negundo L.) are noted, which strongly transform the forest environment, preventing the renewal of the main breed. The value of the index of synanthropization of the species composition of pine plantations varies with distance from the city limits: 0,28–0,29 – 0–4 km; 0,12–0,20 – 4–11 km; 0,03–0,07 – 15–43 km, therefore, the forest fund of the forestry can be divided into 3 zones – high, moderate and weak anthropogenic transformation. We recommend using the data obtained for complex zoning of the territory of the Barnaul forestry in order to preserve suburban forests.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"94 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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